Biological status and developments of the main stocks Baltic Sea, North Sea and Northeast Atlantic Stocks State of Fish Stocks and the Economics of Fishing Fleets Seminar, Brussels 26 September 2016 Eskild Kirkegaard, ICES ACOM Chair ECOREGIONS Stock status Developments in stock size Causes for changes in stock size Ecosystem impacts of the changes Fisheries and ecosystem overviews BAY OF BISCAY: • Sardine • Sole • Seabass IBERIAIBERIA (VIIIc (8c, ,9a): IXa ): • Hake • Anchovy 8 and 9 • Anglerfish (pisc.) • Plaice • Anglerfish (budeg.) • Pollack • Hake • Whiting • Horse mackerel • Megrim (whiff.) • Megrim (bosc.) • Sardine • Seabass • Sole Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion 140000 whg-89a 300000 Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion – Landings (t) by stock whg-89a sol-bisc sol-bisc sar-sothpol-89a 120000 pol-89aple.27.89a 250000 ple.27.89anep-31 nep-31nep-30 nep-30nep-2829 100000 nep-2829nep-2627 200000 nep-2627nep-25 nep-25 nep-2324 80000 nep-2324 mgw-8c9a mgw-8c9a mgb-8c9a 150000 mgb-8c9a jaa-10 jaa-10 60000 mon.27.8c9a meg.27.8c9a 100000 ldb.27.8c9a 40000 hom-soth hke-soth bss.27.8c9a 50000 anp-8c9a 20000 anp-8c9a ank.27.8c9a ank.27.8c9a ane-pore ane-pore ane-bisc ane-bisc 00 anb-8c9a 19941994 19961996 19981998 20002000 20022002 20042004 20062006 20082008 20102010 20122012 20142014 anb-8c9a Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion – Developments in stock size and exploitation Hake, southern stock Four-spot megrim Sardine, Bay of Biscay Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion West of Scotland & Rockall • Cod • Haddock Irish Sea • Herring • Cod • Whiting • Haddock • Megrim • Whiting • Plaice Celtic Sea & • Herring West, Southwest Ireland • Sole • Cod • Haddock • Herring • Whiting • Plaice • Cod • Sole • Sole • Anglerfish • Pollach • Plaice • Sea bass Celtic Seas ecoregion 300000 whg-scow Celtic Seas – Landings (t) by stock whg-7e-k whg.27.7a spr-ech sol-iris sol-echw 250000 sol-celt sol-7h-k san.27.6a ple-iris ple-echw ple-celt 200000 ple-7h-k nop.27.6a nep-22 nep-2021 nep-19 nep-17 150000 nep-16 nep-15 nep-14 nep-13 nep-12 nep-11 100000 mgw-78 meg-rock her-nirs her-irls her-67bc had-rock 50000 had-iris had-7b-k cod-iris cod-7e-k Cod 6b bss-47 anp-78ab 0 ang-ivvi 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 anb-78ab Celtic Sea & West of Scotland ecoregion – Developments in stock size and exploitation Cod west of Scotland Herring Irish Sea, Celtic Sea, and southwest of Ireland Sole Bristol Channel, Celtic Sea Celtic Seas North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat • Cod in Kattegat • Whiting in 3a • Sole in 3a & SD 22-24 • Turbot in 3a • Nephrops in 3a • Plaice SD 21- 23 • Cod (4, Skagerrak, 7d) • Megrim • Haddock (Northern Shelf) • Turbot • Whiting (4, 7d) • Brill • Saithe (4, 3a, 6) • Dab • Sole (4) • Flounder • Plaice (4, Skagerrak) • Lemon sole • Nephrops (4) • Witch • Northern hake • Striped red mullet • Sea bass (4bc, 7a, 7d-h) 3000000 whg-47d spr-nsea North Sea – Landings (t) by stock spr-kask sol-nsea sol-kask sol-eche 2500000 san-ns7 san-ns6 san-ns5 san-ns4 san-ns3 san-ns2 2000000 san-ns1 sai-3a46 rjh-7e rje-ech pol-nsea 1500000 ple-nsea ple-eche pan-sknd nop-34 nep-9 nep-8 1000000 nep-7 nep-6 nep-5 nep-3-4 nep-34 nep-33 500000 nep-32 nep-10 hom-nsea her-47d3 had-346a gug-347d 0 cod-kat 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 cod-347d 700000 whg-47d sol-nsea North Sea – Landings (t) by stock exclude sandeel, herring sol-kask and sprat sol-eche 600000 sai-3a46 rjh-7e rje-ech 500000 pol-nsea ple-nsea ple-eche pan-sknd 400000 nop-34 nep-9 nep-8 nep-7 300000 nep-6 nep-5 nep-3-4 200000 nep-34 nep-33 nep-32 nep-10 100000 hom-nsea had-346a gug-347d 0 cod-kat 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 cod-347d North Sea ecoregion – Developments in stock size and exploitation North Sea cod North Sea plaice North Sea herring HERRING: Dab 22 – 32 Sea trout 22 – 32 • Gulf of Bothnia Turbot 22 – 32 • Central Baltic • Gulf Riga Plaice 21 – 23 Plaice 24 – 32 Salmon 22 – 31 Salmon 32 Herring 20 - 24 • Flounder 22 – 23 • Flounder 24 – 25 • Flounder 26 & 28 • Cod SD 22-24 • Flounder 27 & 29 – 32 • Cod SD 24-32 Sprat SD 22-32 Baltic Sea tur.27.22-32 Landings in t by stock 1200000 spr.27.22-32 ple.27.24-32 1000000 ple.27.21-23 her.27.3031 her.27.28 800000 her.27.25-29+32 her.27.20-24 600000 fle.27.2729-32 fle.27.2628 400000 fle.27.2425 fle.27.2223 dab.27.22-32 200000 cod.27.25-32 cod.27.22-24 0 bll.27.22-32 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Baltic Sea – Landings (t) by stock Baltic Sea – Stock size and exploitation Baltic Sea sprat Baltic Sea Northern hake Plaice North Sea General trend in stock size and exploitation Anchovy 1000000 1200000 1400000 200000 400000 600000 800000 0 Distribution 1969 Subareas 1,2,5,14 Subareas 3,4 1971 1973 1975 area by geographical catches Mackerel 1977 1979 1981 1983 Div 8c,9a Subarea 6 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 Subarea Div7; 8abde 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 North Sea cod Sea North Northern hake Northern 1997 Plaice North Sea 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+ 2016 Age composition 0,35 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 0,05 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+ Plaice - benthic invertebrates North Sea plaice ICES Fisheries overviews Fishing effort Landings Temporal trends in F and SSB Spatial distribution Species interaction Swept area ICES Ecosystem overviews Management Politics Social & use Chlorophyll Benthic Habitat Pelagic Habitat Thank you .