Research at the Norwegian Police University College

Slemdalsveien 5 Postboks 2109, Vika 0125 Oslo Tlf: 23 19 99 00 [email protected] www.phs.no 2018 © Politihøgskolen, Oslo 2019 Translation: Kirsti Spaven Layout: Eileen Schreiner Berglie Print: Staples Research at the Norwegian Police University College 2018 2016 and 2017 were reco- funded by the EU. In addition, active groups. One of the aims of rd years for the Norwegian there were twelve projects fun- these groups is to strengthen the Police University College ded by other external sources, academic environment at the (PHS) in terms of the and ten projects funded by PHS college across the various depart- number of publications with a collaborating partner. ments and locations. The groups and publication points These numbers show an increase are working on topics covering achieved. In 2018, however, the in the number of projects with different professional challenges number of published articles in external funding. for the police: organisation and professional journals was halved, This year’s introductory article management, education and trai- and the number of publication “Research into police reform and ning, and research methods. STRATEGI 2017-2021 points subsequently reduced. On the elephants in the room” uses as Relevant research and know­ the other hand there was a doub- its starting point the book Politire- ledge development is vital for the ling in the number of monographs former: Idealer, realiteter, reto- Norwegian police and the judicia- from 2017 to 2018, so colleagues rikk og praksis (concerning the ry. This is of particular importan- have been actively participating ideals, the reality, the rhetoric and ce during the current times of 2017 was the first year in the new strategic period 2017-2021. Four in the public debate! the practical aspects of police change. It is the job of PHS to con- major areas are emphasized as being special focus areas in the new 2018 also saw a high number reform), which was published in tribute towards ensur­ing that of reported articles and chapters December 2018. The book is edi- police work is know­ledge-based at strategy: from PHS as joint publications – ted by Vanja L. Sørli and Paul all levels and in all types of this is a positive development Larsson, and contains several assignments. We are laying the • Educating a knowledgeable police service because it demonstrates that staff chapters written by PHS and groundwork for this by multi­- • Educating a police service that are in the forefront at PHS are collaborating widely other police staff. The article pre- channel research dissemination, with regard to developments in society and with colleagues at other educati- sents central questions and topics as well as through the Bachelor onal and research institutions at which are discussed in the book. and MA courses and other post-­ criminality home and abroad. Sørli and Larsson point out that graduate courses and further trai- • Educating a police that prevent and fight crime in In the last few years PHS has several of the questions found by ning. The academic staff at PHS a digitalized society been focussing on the develop- researchers to be relevant to the contribute towards making the ment of applications to the Nor- on-going police reform are not rai- college an exciting and professio- • Be a leading environment within police research wegian Research Council and the sed in the debates on the reform. nally go-ahead workplace. Thank EU’s Framework Programme. At Perhaps they ought to be? you to the academic staff who, the end of 2018, PHS had partici- The research groups at PHS every day, work to make PHS a pated in five projects funded by are now well established, and leading centre for police research. the Research Council and one there are currently nine such Content

Research into Police Reform and the Elephants in the Room 7 Increasing and Retaining the Proportion of Academic Staff with Research Competence 65 Dissemination 15 The R&D committee 65 Police Research – from irrelevant to a part of everyday life? 15 Research groups 66 Has anyone done any Research on that? A Systematic Qualifying groups 71 Literature Search may give you the Answer 22 The projects “FIKS” and “FIKS ferdig?” 71 Further Development of The Professorship Qualifying Groups 72 Police Science and an Increase in the Share of Externally Funded Research 25 The Docent Group 75 Increasing the National and International Research & The PhD Group and their Doctoral Projects 75 Development Collaboration 25 Being a clear and active communicator of knowledge in Research Projects in 2018 32 academia and the police/judiciary, and an active EU-funded Projects 32 participant in social debate 89 Projects Funded by the Norwegian Research Council 33 Academic and professional lectures 89 Projects Funded by the Ministry of Justice and Public Academic and profes­sional publications 91 Security and/or the Publication points 92 Norwegian National Police Directorate 39 Open access to research 94 Projects funded by Nordforsk 41 Rapporterte publikasjoner 95 Projects funded by the Rapporterte konferansebidrag, Norwegian Police Security Service (PST) 43 faglige presentasjoner og mediebidrag 105 Projects funded by other external collaboration partners 43 List of abbreviations (in alphabetical order) 117 Projects funded by PHS and collaboration partners 46 Projects Funded by PHS 50 Research into Police Reform and the Elephants in the Room

The book Politireformer: Idealer, policing, with a uniform that police reforms – from now on realiteter, retorikk og praksis was distinctly unmilitary, a referred to as “the elephants in (hereinafter called Politirefor­ decentralised structure and a the room”. mer) was published in December modicum of independence from 2018. The book comprises an the governing power”. The tradi- Focus of the research eclectic mix of contributions tion is compared in NOU 2017: 9 The contributors to Politireformer which all deal with different (p. 28) with a “constrained are important police researchers. aspects of police reforms in the police tradition”. The role of the They are from the PHS, from the Nordic countries, England and police in these countries has police and from many of the uni- Wales, Scotland and the Nether- certain common features, which versities and colleges in the abo- lands. Police organisations in means that the experiences in ve-mentioned countries, and they these countries are often charac- different countries can be have different academic backgro- terised as representative of the successfully compared. unds. So even if the anthology Anglo-Saxon police tradition, Below we will expand a little can be described as police scien- which is usually contrasted with on some of the central themes in tific, it is also interdisciplinary. A the police traditions on the con- the book. We will also touch on tangible consequence of this is tinent. ‘Anglo-Saxon police tra- the under-exposed questions that the interpretation of police dition’ is defined by Caless and which the research has revealed reforms in the countries mentio- Tong (2015, p. 38) as “civilian exist in the debates around ned has differing academic star-

7 ting points and perspectives, One chapter deals with the (Chapter 12), and discuss why against police reforms as such. only a limited chance of reaching privatisation and cen- taken from management and significance of the report of the 22 there is such widespread scepti- The problem today is rather that their goals are initiated, is a time- tralisation, regardless police science, legal, historic, July Commission as terms of refe- cism of the Community Police the reforms appear strangely ly one. Why are there no resear- of changes in the crime political science, sociological and rence for the Community Police Reform among staff in the Nor- detached from the problems they ch-based investigations into the landscape. Public ser- criminological traditions. This Reforms (Chapter 6). Is it really wegian police (Chapter 13). are supposed to be the solution problems and the means of recti- vices such as post and means that police reforms are the case that the Community Politireformer also attempts to to, and that the research is not fying them before costly processes telecommunications investigated, analysed and debat­ Reforms have led to a more autho- contribute to knowledge-based much used as a knowledge base. of change with uncertain outco- and certain health and ed with different approaches, ritarian public sector? Chapter 7 experiential learning, with topics Regardless of whether the “pati- mes are launched? We will try to social care services and that the contributions have a presents arguments in support of like promotive and restraining ent” is suffering from cultural say something about how resear- have been subjected to variety of formulations. that. We also shed some light on factors in organisational change problems, outdated methods, ch may answer some of the cen- competition or privati- The topics debated are1: The the experiences of staff in Oslo in general and in the police in poorly functioning communicati- trally under-exposed questions, sed, while others like history of reforms in Norway police district, and on how the particular (Chapter 14), and an ons systems, a lack of co-determi- i.e. the elephants in the room. for example the milita- (Chapter 2); arguments and rea- Community Police Reform has led analysis of reforms and manage- nation or an inefficient bureau- Some will claim that the ry, higher education sons for police reforms, also to a development in the direction ment in the Swedish police based cracy, the “medicine” given to the police have to change because and the police have compared with other public sector of a more reactive police force on the development of the crimi- police organisations we have the world is changing – that we been centralised. What reforms (Chapter 1); the political (Chapter 10). nal landscape (Chapter 15). Furt- looked at is often the same, are living in a globalised world all these reforms have process leading to the adoption Other topics are: the manage- her, the use and abuse of trust in namely far-reaching structural where borders mean less than in common is that they and implementation of the Nor- ment of the project “Police work connection with police reform reforms and larger units. they used to, where crime is are considered legitima- wegian Community Police Reform on the spot” (Chapter 8); the fight and the rhetoric around this are In other words, there is no committed on the Internet, te in the quest for ratio­ (Chapter 3); and police reforms in over reform of local police autho- discussed (Chapter 16); while the “elephant in the room” about the where we are threatened by ter- nalisation, specialisati­ Sweden in the past 50 years and rities in England which has led to penultimate chapter deals with fact that police reforms with few rorists, and where organised on and modernisation. the various ideologies and perspe- the introduction of elected Police how the on-going reform affects exceptions are not based on rese- crime is constantly developing. Such legitimising argu- ctives they have been driven by and Crime Commissioners the role of the police and how a arch-based knowledge despite But is that really so? Changes in ments are put forward (Chapter 4). The position of vic­ (Chapter 9); and why research on “new” police will turn out to be there being excellent research in crime seem to be more of an as fundamental values tims in earlier Norwegian reforms police reform is largely ignored (Chapter 17). Last, but not least, the field; this is not just the case argument put forward than a that are never questioned. They is analysed; how they were made and has only marginally affected the book concludes with a des- for police reforms, but also for direct cause. There are several appear to be practically indispu- visible and had their legal safegu- police reforms during the past cription of the public sentiment other public sector reforms with reasons for this claim. Two of the table. In his chapter in Politirefor­ ards reinforced in the 1990s only ten years (Chapter 11). We also in Norway after the recent police considerable transfer value. most important are addressed in mer, Christensen shows how New to later almost disappear in con- take a look at the experiences of reform (Chapter 18). the following paragraphs. Public Management (NPM) has nection with the Community centralising police reforms in Few, if any, of the contribu- The elephant in the room: what In the past 25 years the now entered a “post-NPM peri- Police Reform (Chapter 5). Scotland and the Netherlands ting authors of Politireformer are can be contributed by research? public sector has been subjected od”, which among other things The question why reforms with to a series of reforms, such as involves centralisation. In this 1 There is an overview of the chapters in the book at the end of this section.

8 9 way, centralisation has become private sector, where competition reorganisation, training, and assistance, prevention, informati- field used by politicians to it”, either by doing more of the almost a standard formula for is viewed as an important means changes in working time regulati- on, upholding of the law, investi- demonstrate vigour and therefo- same, something else, or maybe change in the public sector. of increased efficiency and goal on, we also understand that the gation and emergency prepared- re an important symbolic field in the exact opposite. The police have kept elements achievement. However, some goal of two police officers per ness, to mention some of the (post-) modern politics. Professi- In addition to those we have of NPM in their management parts of the public sector, like the 1000 citizens today implies most important. Today’s reforms onal police assessments quickly already mentioned, there are also routines. Lomell (2010) points police, are not in a comparable something other than it used to. have a tendency to demarcate the lose out in importance to political other reasons why the police out that a common feature of competitive situation. Their job One of the elephants in the role of the police in such a way priorities. This is possibly one of reforms we have studied have not NPM is that only outputs that can is to deliver services on which room is that we simply need a that much of what “the man in the biggest elephants in the room succeeded. One is about police be measured are prioritised. they have a monopoly, in a way significant increase in police the street” regards as important – the fact that the significance of management; many would state Improved use of resources and that guarantees the rule of law resources in order to be able to police work in daily life ends up the reform may be symbolic. that the police are still being efficiency are goals in establish- and which safeguards other fun- maintain something resembling falling by the wayside. “The problems are being dealt managed in an instrumental way. ments that are governed by this damental values which are often a police force that delivers what A third elephant in the room with”. Carrying out reforms has Reforms have not, as a rule, model, and goal attainment is incorporated in the law. Wathne the law requires it to do. The is that police reforms – even become a modus operandi for stemmed from the grassroots of documented in quantified, mea- (2018) is one of those who dis- police have been given so many though they may be justified by demonstrating a vigorous policy. the service – colleagues are not surable chunks. A result is often cusses the consequences of NPM new, comprehensive and resour- need, crises and good, professio- The fourth elephant in the included in the process, and that the organisations are tailo- in the Norwegian police. ce-demanding tasks that those nal arguments – to a large extent room is that reforms give rise to reforms are often rolled out over red towards selected, measurable It is certainly true that the which do not show up in the mea- have become driven by criminal more reforms. This is because the the heads of staff. tasks, in order to be better able to police in 2019 are using vast surement parameters are no lon- justice policy. Police reforms goals of a police reform only rare- Most police reforms also prove reach their goals within these resources in fields that hardly ger given priority. This situation have to go through political ly are achieved, something which to be too comprehensive – in areas. Activities that are more merited a second glance 30 years cannot be solved by smarter wor- processes before they can be in itself means that reforms imply practice they are shown to be difficult to measure – for example ago. If we start enumerating the king or better technical solutions implemented, and in such proces- a risk of losing management legi- over-ambitious and under-funded. preventive measures, services man-years which today are spent – we simply need more people. ses the content and goals of a timacy. The fact that reforms In this respect, the Norwegian and remedial action – therefore on emergency preparedness, Another elephant is that the reform are often stretched bet- rarely have the effect the electo- Community Police Reform is a become less important. That is international assignments, cyber- faith in what the police can do ween different demands and rate were promised may lead to good example of a large elephant how this kind of management is crime, analysis and intelligence, and the societal problems they interests and thus end up as typi- different political leaders being in the room. The reform is too big an obstacle to improved quality economic and organised crime as can solve is unrealistic. Many cal political compromises. Crimi- elected instead, people who are and far-reaching for the police to (Granér & Kronkvist, 2014,p. 74). well as investigations of resour- reforms are based on a lack of nal justice policy has become a willing to “do something about be able to achieve more than just a The organisation narrows becau- ce-demanding cases, we under- understanding of the complexity few of the objectives, and limited se so-called ‘core areas’ are prio- stand why there is a slow but stea- of policing and of the fact that resources mean that still fewer ritised, while other tasks are dy decrease in police patrols. If we the police is a public institution objectives can be reached. It takes weeded out. The ideal is that the add developments in police mana- with a very wide range of respon- time to reform large, complex public sector must learn from the gement, new demands for rapid sibilities, such as remedial action, organisations like the police, and

10 11 lasting changes require resources reforms instead ought to focus Nærpolitireformen? Av Hans 12. Sosial ingeniørkunst? En Paul Larsson (PHS), Vanja NOU 2017: 9. (2017). Politi og in the form of participation, more on the skills and knowledge Christian Høyer, Jens Petter komparativ analyse av opp- Lundgren Sørli (PHS), Niri bevæpning — Legalitet, nød­ management and financing. we want our police officers and Madsbu og Bent Sofus Tranøy bygging av nasjonale poli- Talberg (FAFO) og Christin vendighet, forholdsmessighet We will let Jan Terpstra and civilian police staff to have in (Høgskolen Innlandet). tistyrker i Skottland og Thea Wathne (OsloMet). og ansvarlighet. Hentet fra https://www.regjeringen.no/no/doku- Nick Fyfe – authors of the chapter order to be able to handle the 7. Antireformen som politisk Nederland. Av Jan Terpstra 18. Bare en vanlig jobb? Av menter/nou-2017-9/id2545750/ on the Netherlands and Scotland needs of a dynamic society where prosjekt og autoritær ven- (Radboud Universiteit) og Marie Brunstad Ekeberg (Øst Nicholas R. Fyfe (Scottish Sørli, V. L. & Larsson, P. (Red.). – conclude with some words we the police must collaborate with ding i staten. Av Politidistrikt). Institute for Policing (2018). Politireformer: Idealer. feel are relevant also in Norway: other actors in order to solve Stig O. Johannessen (Nord universitet). Research / University of Realiteter, retorikk og praksis. In place of this dream of total complex societal problems Dundee). References Oslo: Cappelen Damm 8. Politiarbeid på stedet – fra change, the simpler approach (Politireformer, p. 256-57). Caless, B. & Tong, S. (2015). Akademisk. idé til praksis. Av Jan Ole 13. Nærpolitireformen – hvorfor known as “piecemeal engine- Leading Policing in Europe: An Vanebo (PHS), Rune så stor skepsis i politiets egne ering” (Popper, 1945), a staged Norwegian titles of the chapters Empirical Study of Strategic Wathne, C. T. (2018). Målstyring Glomseth (PHS), Nils Moe rekker? Av Helge Renå (UiB). process of societal change, inno- in the book Politireformer Police Leadership. Bristol: i politiet. Teori og praksis. (Politiet) og Marit Stigen 14. Å takle endring: Hva frem- Oslo: Cappelen Damm vation and improvement, may be 1. Reformer i politiet. Av Paul Policing Press. (Politiet). mer og hemmer reformer i Akademisk. more realistic. This may be an Larsson og Vanja Lundgren 9. Styringsreformen i politiet organisasjoner generelt og Granér, R. & Kronkvist, O. important method to prevent the Sørli (PHS). og dens innvirkning på ser- politiet spesielt? Av Rudi (2014). Kontroll av og i politi- risks and problems which have 2. Tidenes politireform? Av viceoppdrag i England og Kirkhaug (Universitet i organisasjonen. I R. Granér, been underlined in this chapter. It Birgitte Ellefsen (PHS). Wales. Av Barry Loveday Tromsø) og Rune Glomseth H. I. Gundhus & P. Larsson may also be the best method the 3. Komparative reformtrender (University of Portsmouth). (PHS). (Red.), Innføring i politiviten­ police can use in order to avoid og norsk politireform – struk- 10. Konturene av en ny politi­ 15. Ledelse og reform av svensk skap (s. 53–78). Oslo: getting tangled up in the web of turelle trekk og kulturelle rolle: politiansattes erfarin- politi – fra sosial ingeniør- Cappelen Damm Akademisk. strategies and unrealistic political brudd. Av Tom Christensen ger med Nærpolitireformen. kunst til postpolitikk. Av Lomell, H. (2010). The Politcs of ambition. Maybe future police (UiO). Av Helene O. I. Gundhus Robert Andersson og ­ Numbers: Crime Statistics as reforms ought to focus less on 4. Politiet som reformerende (UiO/PHS), Niri Talberg Paula Wahlgren a Source of Knowledge and a organisational and structural organisasjon. Politireformer (AFI) og Christin Thea (Linnéuniversitetet). Tool of Governance. Shoham. i Sverige 1965–2015. Av Wathne (OsloMet). 16. Tillit i reformens tid. Bruk og matters and more on people, local I G. Shlomo, P. Knepper & M. Anders Ivarsson Westerberg misbruk av tillit i fortellingen communities and interdisciplina- 11. Evalueringen av den danske Kett (Red.), International (Södertörn högskola). om politiet. Av Marit Egge ry work. Rather than debating the politireformen: Hva ble re- Handbook of Criminology (s. (PHS). relative advantages of national 5. Fornærmet, men ikke retts- sultatene – og hvorfor fikk de 117–152). New York: Taylor og versus local structures, or specia- løs? Av Erik Nadheim (UiO). ingen betydning? Av Lars 17. Nærpolitiidealet under Francis Group. list functions versus community-­ 6. 22. juli-rapporten: Et egnet Holmberg (Københavns press? Av Helene O. I. oriented approaches, maybe styringsdokument for Universitet). Gundhus (UiO/PHS),

12 13 Dissemination

Police Research – from situations. This was the 22nd con- to take a closer look at the irrelevant to a part of ference, and it may have marked development of police research everyday life? the end of an era. All conferences and the results of academic up to and including this one have police research during the past At the time of writing this resear- had a topic, and this has been the 25 years. ch report, the PHS Research guide to the research presented. It is natural to take the resear- Department can look back on 25 However, the 2019 conference ch conference as a starting-point years’ work since it was establis- will be organised by the on-going and ask whether it has provided hed in 1993-94. Since 1997, the research project “New trends in an approximate “360 degree Department has had the main modern policing”2, which will coverage” of the field of policing. responsibility for arranging therefore decide on the themes to If we include the 2018 conferen- PHS’s annual research conferen- be presented. Could this be the ce, which had as its theme “ope- ces, spanning many different conference model of the future? rative police work”, all the three topics. The 2018 research confe- Since research at PHS is cele- main fields of policing – preventi- rence had the Norwegian title brating an anniversary, and on, investigation and operative Operativt politiabeid i hverdag og because we are possibly also at a police work – have now been krise, dealing with operational crossroads as far as the conferen- conference topics. However, a police work in daily life and crisis ce is concerned, it may be useful majority (12) of conferences have

2 Described in Research at the Norwegian Police University College 2017 (Police University College, 2018, pp. 7–14).

15 dealt with the police and the Police science is a new field police force. Looking back now, with police confidentiality during were articles in professional jour- yrkeskulturer og kunnskapsarbeid development of their role, first which includes contributions after 25 years, it is obvious that investigations and criminal case nals. In the whole period there i politiet (2009) by Helene I. and foremost seen from the from fields like criminology, there was a turning-point in the proceedings. Neither of these were 19 registered PhDs by staff Gundhus also belongs in this police’s own viewpoint. These sociology, psychology, political police science output around the authors was associated with PHS at PHS, and 17 MAs; 29 text books category, as does Trond Kyrre conferences have among other science, ethics and law. So far time of the millennium. when their works were pub- have been produced, as well as Simensen’s MA dissertation things dealt with topics like diffi- there is no generally accepted The police are essentially a lished. However, it may be a sign two academic monographs. about Politiets kriminalitets­ cult and challenging police work, Norwegian definition or descrip- government agency ruled by reg- that PHS was in the process of During the 13 years since 2005, a forebyggende arbeid – En studie av knowledge and method develop- tion of what ‘police science’ ulatory management. The first establishing itself as a real player total of 496 works by staff linked forventinger og praksis (2015). ment in the police, police officers comprises. It may therefore be edition of Auglend, Mæland and in police research, that several of to PHS have been registered. In While the above-mentioned as academics, as well as police useful to approach the problem Rødsandhaug’s Politirett was the above-mentioned authors addition, relevant police science works first and foremost relate to culture and diversity in the from the other angle. Instead of published in 1998. This was a later went on to become director work has been produced at other criminal investigation, the police. Four of the conferences asking what kind of academic forensic examination of the regu- or professor, either full or part- universities and university col- anthology Å forebygge vold i have looked at the police force as production belongs to police sci- latory framework which controls time at PHS. leges, of which we cannot give a folkemasser (2013) by Johannes a social actor, i.e. from an outside ence, we will look a bit more clo- the activities of the police. It was The turning point around the consolidated or representative Knutsson and Tamara D. perspective. In this context, sely at the content and extent of a quantum leap from the frag- millennium did of course not overview here.3 We are, on the Madensens relate to operative topics like democracy, trust, publications – both at PHS and mented, and to a large extent mean that there was immediate, other hand, absolutely able to take police work. human rights and the role of the beyond – which contributed new “stencil-based” material which comprehensive publication of a closer look at whether police PhD theses with primary sig- police in Norwegian society, have knowledge to the field of policing until then had been available on police science research. However, science publications have contrib- nificance for the field of criminal been central. A couple of the con- in the relevant period. the topic. Politirett has since in 2001, the publication Tidsskrift uted important and valuable investigation hardly existed ten ferences have dealt with types of Transforming a so-called become a standard work and has for strafferett published the article knowledge to everyday policing years ago. Since then there have crime and crime phenomena. “government agency school” into been published in two further “Etterforskningsbegrepet” by within the three large, main areas been several, three of them by Given the multi-faceted nature of a university college, and not least editions. The publication of Liv Tor-Geir Myhrer, and in 2003, of prevention, investigation and staff at PHS. The first was Trond police work there are of course establishing research activity in a Finstad’s Politiblikket in 2000 Asbjørn Rachlew’s “Norske poli- operative police work. Myklebust’s 2009 thesis Analysis topics which have not been cover- new field of research, is a form of was probably equally significant. tiavhør i et internasjonalt pers- In the field of prevention, it is of field investigative interviews of ed. However, in total the 22 con- community building. It often This, for the first time, provided a pektiv”. From 2005, PHS began natural to highlight Elisabeth children conducted by specially ferences have provided the audi- takes a generation, and is not a comprehensive criminological registering its academic produc- Myhre Lie’s textbook: I forkant: trained police investigators. It was ences with over 250 papers and project which can be usefully study of the police service, tion. 2005 saw a total of 20 pub- Kriminalitetsforebyggende followed a few years later by Ivar presentations on topics relevant evaluated after only a few years. described by the police them- lished works, four of them articles politiarbeid (2015), and Tore A. Fahsing’s The Making of an to the police. Which means that It is probably true that in the first selves. In 2001, Tor-Geir Myhrer in professional journals. By 2017, Bjørgo’s Forebygging av Expert Detective – Thinking and we have certainly had a close few years after it was established, also published the doctoral thesis the total number of publications kriminalitet (2015). The PhD Deciding in Criminal Investiga­ look at the most important pieces research in the field of policing Personvern og samfunnsforsvar, had increased to 68, of which 41 thesis For sikkerhets skyld: IKT, tions (2016), and Patrick Risan’s of the policing jigsaw. was regarded as irrelevant by the which first and foremost dealt 3 See Valland (2011); Bjørgo (2015); Runhovde & Skjevrak (2018).

16 17 Accommodating trauma in police field of investigation in the PHS • Pål Lagestad: «Fysisk styrke dissertations in the operative politiet: Kommentarutgave (2016). academic disciplines. However, interviews – An exploration of publications series “PHS eller bare prat»: Om kjønn, police field, among them Wictor Andres Lohne Lie’s study and that does not prevent the already rapport in investigative interviews Research”. In this context we fysisk trening og ordenstje­ Furøy’s MA in police science report on Politiets bruk av fysisk existing construction from being of traumatized victims (2017). Of should mention Johanne Ytri Dahl neste i politiet. “Orden i gata”: En studie av makt (2010) also belongs to this granted a certificate of use and the dissertations produced by and Heidi Mork Lomell’s evalua- • Kristin Hellesø-Knutsen: ordensforstyrrelser i Karl Johans­ group, as does Tor-Geir Myhrer’s being a tool to make pro- non-PHS academics we should tion of the DNA-reform Fra spor til Jakten på risiko: Vurderinger, gate 1998-2008; Hva er det og hva article in the journal Nordisk poli­ blem-solving in the police easier. mention Asbjørn Rachlew’s Just­ dom (2013), and of course the two følelser og valg hos patrulje­ gjøres med det? Et blikk på tiforskning “… dø som så det gjel- Maybe the current biggest chal- isfeil ved politiets etterforskning interim reports from the “Investi- rende politi. ordenspolitiets hverdag (2012). der”? (2015), about the legal lenge for police research and (2009), Runar Torgersen’s Ulovlig gation Project” Måling av effekti- • Otto Petterson: «Att bli polis»: In addition, a whole range of frame ­work for the individual’s police science is to ensure that beviserverv og bevisforbud i vitet i etterforskning by Johannes Från utbildningens förvänt­ textbooks, monographs and duty to act in dangerous police the relevant knowledge which we straffesaker (2009) and Gert Knutsson (2013) and Kvalitet i ningar til gatans norm. reports have been published. To operations. already have, or which will emer- Johan Kjelby’s Mellom rett og etterforskningen by Tor-Geir • Steinar Fredriksen: Ro, orden mention a few: Steinar Fredrik- If we take a collective look at ge through research, is used in plikt til straffeforfølgning (2013). Myhrer (2015). og frihet: En fremstilling av sen and Kai Spurkland’s Orden­ the works presented, there can practice. This presupposes that One of the first MA dissertations Operational work, i.e. police politiets adgang til å gripe inn sjuss (2014), Patrick Risan and be no doubt that here we have at Police Directorate (POD), the stemming from the PHS MA work related to peace, security i den personlige frihet ved Tom Hilding Skoglund’s Psykologi least an overview of Norwegian police districts and the special course in police science – Anders and emergency management, was utførelse av ordenstjeneste. i operativ tjeneste (2013), and (or Nordic) police science. The agencies are willing to spend Rasch-Olsen’s Informantbehan­ for a long time the field with the • Hild Rønning: Politi og Phelps, Larsen and Singh’s antho- anthology Innføring i politiviten­ resources - time and money - on: dling i politiet: Et nødvendig onde weakest police science producti- skjønn: En studie av politi­ logy on Kommunikasjon og kon­ skap av Larsson, Gundhus og • acquiring the relevant rese- (2011) – was also important for on. Here we have seen an almost betjenters skjønnsutøvelse i flikthåndtering i operativt politi­ Granér, which was published in arch publications; police investigation. explosive output during the past ordenstjeneste, sett i lys av arbeid (2017). The latest of these 2014, is further proof that that • giving relevant staff the time In addition, comprehensive ten years. During this period, rettslige rammer. is Steinar Fredriksen og Per this academic field is taking and opportunity to read and and important monographs have there have been no fewer than • Geir Heivoll: Lovens lange Håkon Sand’s comprehensive shape. Here we find many of the digest them; and been published in the field of eight PhD theses on opera­tive arm: En studie av politibetjen­ book on Juss for utøvere av topics and authors mentioned • setting aside time and oppor- criminal investigation. First we police work. Not surprisingly, ters rolle som rettshåndhevere begrenset politimyndighet (2018). above. In the same year, the open tunity to communicate rele- must definitely mention Ole seven of these have been produ- i den norske demokratiske At the sharper end of operati- access journal, Nordisk politifors­ vant knowledge, findings Thomas Bjerknes and Ivar A. ced by candidates attached to rettsstaten. onal police work we should men- kning was also established. and conclusions to the exe- Fahsings Etterforskning – prinsip­ PHS: The eighth thesis – Handle­ tion the books of Tor-Geir Myhrer, As a building project, police cutive service branches. per, metoder og praksis (2018), • Geir Aas: Politiinngrep i fami­ such as Som siste utvei: Rettslige science research will never be plikt, kommandomyndighet og If the Police are not willing to do and Ingvild Bruce and Geir Sunde liekonflikter: En studie av rammer for bruk av skytevåpen completed. There will always be lydighetsplikt i operativt politiar­ this, police science research will Hauglands Skjulte tvangsmidler ordenspolitiets arbeid med (2005), Bastet og bundet: Rettslige something remaining to be done beid – was produced by the for- never be a part of everyday life in (2018). There have also been familiekonflikter/familie­ rammer for bruk av håndjern and something else which can be mer Director at PHS, Ragnar L. the force! important contributions to the voldssaker i Oslo. Auglend. There have also been (2012), and Våpeninstruks for improved. The same goes for all

18 19 References Forskning 2013:2). Oslo: rer og kunnskapsarbeid i poli­ Larsson, P., Gundhus, H. I. & Forskning 2015: 1). Oslo: Rachlew, A. (2003). Norske poli- Aas, G. (2009). Politiinngrep i Politihøgskolen. tiet. Oslo: Unipub. Granér, R. (Red). (2014). Politihøgskolen. tiavhør i et internasjonalt per- familiekonflikter: En studie av Fahsing, I. A. (2016) The Making Heivoll, G. (2018). Lovens lange Innføring i politivitenskap. Myhrer, T.-G. (2016). spektiv. Tidsskrift for ordenspolitiets arbeid med of an Expert Detective – arm: En studie av politibetjen­ Oslo: Cappelen Damm Våpeninstruks for politiet: Strafferett, (4),3 400-439. familiekonflikter/familievolds­ Thinking and Deciding in ters rolle som rettshåndhevere i Akademisk. Kommentarutgave. Oslo: Rasch-Olsen, A. (2011). saker i Oslo. Oslo: Unipub. Criminal Investigations den norske demokratiske retts­ Lie, A. L. (2010). Politiets bruk av Universitetsforlaget. Informantbehandling i politiet: (Doktorgradsavhandling). staten. Oslo: Cappelen Damm Et nødvendig onde. Bergen: Auglend, R. L. & Mæland, H. J. fysisk makt (PHS-Forskning Myklebust, T. (2009). Analysis of Göteborgs universitet, akademiske. Fagbokforlaget. (2016). Politirett (3. utg.). 2010:2). Oslo: Politihøgskolen. field investigative interviews of Göteborg. Oslo: Gyldendal Akademisk. Hellesø-Knutsen, K. (2013). Lie, E. M. (2015). I forkant: children conducted by specially Risan, P. & Skoglund, T. H. Auglend, R. L. (2016). Finstad, L. (2000). Politiblikket. Jakten på risiko: Vurderinger, Kriminalitetsforebyggende poli­ trained police investigators (2013). Psykologi i operativ Handleplikt, kommando­ Oslo: Pax. følelser og valg hos patruljeren­ tiarbeid. Oslo: Gyldendal (Doktorgradsavhandling). tjeneste. Oslo: Gyldendal myndighet og lydighetsplikt i Fredriksen, S. & Spurkland, K. de politi (Doktorgradsav­ Akademisk. Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. Akademisk. handling). Universitetet i operativt politiarbeid. Oslo: (2014). Ordensjuss. Oslo: Myhrer, T.-G. (2001). Petterson, O. (2015). «Att bli Risan, P. (2017). Accommodating Stavanger, Stavanger. Gyldendal Akademisk. Gyldendal Akademisk. Etterforskningsbegrepet. polis»: Från utbildningens för­ trauma in police interviews: An Bjerknes, O. T. & Fahsing, I. A. Fredriksen, S. (2015). Ro, orden Kjelby, G. J. (2013). Mellom rett Tidsskrift for Strafferett, (1),1 väntningar till gatans norm. exploration of rapport in inves­ (2018). Etterforskning – prin­ og frihet: En fremstilling av og plikt til straffeforfølgning. 6-30. Stockholm: Norstedts Juridik. tigative interviews of trauma­ Oslo: Cappelen Damm tized victims sipper, metoder og praksis. politiets adgang til å gripe inn Myhrer, T.-G. (2001). Personvern Phelps, J. M., Larsen, N. M. L. & akademiske. (Doktorgradsavhandling). Bergen: Fagbokforlaget. i den personlige frihet ved utfø­ og samfunnsforsvar. Oslo: Singh, M. (Red). (2017). Universitetet i Bergen, Bergen. Bjørgo, T. (2015). Forebygging av relse av ordenstjeneste. Oslo: Knutsson, J. & Madensen, T. D. Cappelen Akademisk Forlag. Kommunikasjon og konflikt­ kriminalitet. Oslo: Gyldendal Juridisk. (Red). (2013). Å forebygge Runhovde, S. R. & Skjevrak, P. E. Myhrer, T.-G. (2005). Som siste håndtering i operativt politi­ Universitetsforlaget. Fredriksen, S. & Sand, P. H. vold i folkemasser (PHS- (2018) Kriminalitetsfore­ utvei: Rettslige rammer for arbeid. Oslo: (2018). Juss for utøvere av Forskning 2012:7). Oslo: bygging på norsk (PHS- Bjørgo, T. & Gjelsvik, I. M. bruk av skytevåpen. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. Politihøgskolen. Forskning 2018:3). Oslo: (2015). Forskning på forebyg­ begrenset politimyndighet. Politihøgskolen. [2018]. Universitetsforlaget. Politihøgskolen. ging av radikalisering og vol­ Oslo: Gyldendal Juridisk. Knutsson, J. (2013). Måling av Forskningen ved Myhrer, T.-G. (2012). Bastet og delig ekstremisme (PHS- Furøy, W. (2012 ). «Orden i gata» effektivitet i etterforskning Politihøgskolen 2017. Oslo: Rønning, H. (2017). Politi og bundet: Rettslige rammer for Forskning 2015:2). Oslo: – En studie av ordensforstyrrel­ (PHS Forskning 2013:3). Oslo: Politihøgskolen. Hentet fra skjønn: En studie av politi­ bruk av håndjern. Oslo: Politihøgskolen. ser i Karl Johansgate 1998- Politihøgskolen. https://www.phs.no/ betjenters skjønnsutøvelse i Universitetsforlaget. ordenstjeneste, sett i lys av Bruce, I. & Haugland, G. S. 2008; Hva er det og hva gjøres Lagestad, P. (2011). «Fysisk Documents/4_Forskning/ Myhrer, T.-G. (2015). «… dø som rettslige rammer (2018). Skjulte tvangsmidler med det? Et blikk på ordenspoli­ styrke eller bare prat»: Om Forskningsmeldingen%20 så det gjelder»? Nordisk politi­ (Doktorgradsavhandling). (2.utg.). Oslo: tiets hverdag (Masteroppgave). kjønn, fysisk trening og or­ 2017%20elektronisk.pdf forskning, 2(1), 34-74. Universitetet i Tromsø, Universitetsforlaget. Politihøgskolen, Oslo. denstjeneste i politiet Rachlew, A. (2009). Justisfeil ved Tromsø. Dahl, J. Y. & Lomell, H. M. Gundhus, H. I. (2009). For sik­ (Doktorgradsavhandling). Myhrer, T.-G. (2015). Kvalitet i politiets etterforskning. Oslo: Simensen, T. K. (2015). Politiets (2013). Fra spor til dom (PHS- kerhets skyld: IKT, yrkeskultu­ Norges Idrettshøyskole, Oslo. etterforskningen (PHS- Unipub. kriminalitetsforebyggende

20 21 arbeid: En studie av forventin­ the results of many studies are mented and verifiable. In additi- databases for finding literature cation of the words and expressi- study in the field. Systematic sear- ger og praksis never published, or that they are on, a search should have been on a given topic or academic ons that describe the relevant ches can also be the starting point (Masteroppgave). Oslo: published in a format which is done on all sources potentially field. Librarians are also familiar topics. Most bibliographic data- for thorough reviews of research, Politihøgskolen. difficult to understand or access, containing primary studies, sys- with the search language of the bases require the use of English which in turn will inform guideli- Torgersen, R. (2009). Ulovlig and therefore overlooked. tematic overviews and other various databases. Such language for search words, even if the nes, academic procedures or other beviserverv og bevisforbud i Another important reason why publications on the topic in varies from database to database, indexed articles may be written support documents in the field of straffesaker. [Oslo]: Calax/ many studies can be said to be question. It is not sufficient to and it is important to search in in other languages. It is therefore practice. UiO. wasted is that research is carried search Google or Google Scholar, the correct way in order to catch important to find the precise An inadequate search could Valland, T.D. (2011). Nordisk out on topics we already know since you would miss for example all the relevant hits. English expressions and concepts therefore have grave consequen- politiforskning 2004-2009 enough about. The classic exam- research behind a pay wall or in – something the academic would ces, something which professio- (PHS-Forskning 2011:3). ple from medical research is that other sources not crawled by Good searches happen in normally have good knowledge nal librarians take very seriously. Oslo: Politihøgskolen. even if studies as far back as 1944 Google. In order to catch all rele- collaboration with professionals of. It may also be useful to find Systematic searching is a specia- showed that front sleeping increa- vant research it is necessary to Even if the librarian has special synonyms, different spelling, etc. list subject for professional libra- Has anyone done any sed the risk of cot death, research search in bibliographical databa- competence in how to search, it is It may be advantageous for rians. Courses and conferences Research on that? A on the topic (and recommendati- ses that register articles in pro- vital that the academic or specia- the librarian to communicate on searching are arranged, and Systematic Literature ons for front sleeping) continued fessional journals and other prin- list is involved in the process. It is with the academic researchers many participate in national and Search may give you long into the 1980s. ted and digital publications. for example useful to limit the during the search, for example to international networks in order the Answer It is not known whether the Some researchers have had topic as far as possible. “All about understand whether the chosen to share experiences and develop situation is this bad in other aca- training in searching such data- interviews” is a poor starting-po- search words are too narrow or new methods. In some research Even the most eminent researcher demic fields, however the messa- bases, but most will still benefit int for a literature search – unless are giving too many irrelevant environments librarians join in may need help to identify all ge is still relevant: In order to from help from a librarian – both you actually do want “all” and hits. In such cases it will be as participants in the research relevant knowledge in his or her avoid research waste, all resear- with the search itself and with are motivated to trawl through a necessary to adjust the search by projects, and are in some cases field. This is where the librarian ch projects should at the outset identifying the sources to search vast number of references. “Scan­ choosing other search words also co-authors of the final comes in, as a potentially useful involve a thorough review of all in. For it is rarely enough to sear- dinavian research on the inter­ which increase the accuracy. report. Books have been written collaborator. previous research. ch in only one database. That is viewing of children from the past about the role of the research Many will be familiar with the because different databases 10 years” is more precise and will A specialist librarian librarian, and there are studies term “wasted research”. In a well- Systematic literature search index their content in different enable a more targeted search. Systematic searches are not only a which show that the participation known article published in The Such a review presupposes a sys- journals, so that in order to catch This reduces the number of hits tool to help avoid wasted resear- of librarians in research projects Lancet in 2009, the authors state tematic literature search. In all relevant studies it is necessary and makes the job of identifying ch, but also vital for giving the add value (Johannessen & Hidle, that as much as 85% of all health order for a search to be called to search in more than one place. relevant hits more manageable. researcher an overview of exis- 2016; Olsen, 2012). research is wasted (Chalmers & “systematic”, it must be carried Librarians have special compe- Another important contributi- ting knowledge and therefore the The PHS library is a specialist Glasziou). This may be because out methodically, be well docu- tence in identifying the relevant on from the academic is identifi- ability to position his or her own library for all students and staff

22 23 at PHS and in the rest of the References support. Cambridge, MA: police service. The librarians Chalmers, I. & Glasziou, P. Chandos. Further Development of have competence in literature (2009). Avoidable waste in Olsen, H. K. (2012). Research searching, and know which sour- the production and reporting group librarian – a coopera- Police Science and an Increase in the Share of ces are relevant when looking for of research evidence. The ting partner in research? research which is relevant to the Lancet, 374(9683), 86-9. LIBER Quarterly, 22(3), 190– Externally Funded Research activity of the police. The library Johannessen, H. T. D. & Hidle, 212. is happy to help and can also be K.-M. W. (2016). New roles for visited on www.phs.no. research librarians: Meeting the expectations for research

It is a feature of the PHS strategic and international research and Below we will take a closer look plan for 2017–20214 that a main development collaboration. We at what we have achieved in goal is for PHS to be a leading place great emphasis on the fra- these areas in 2018. centre for police research. We are mework conditions of our staff, working towards this goal and we are continually working Increasing the National through continuous development to increase and maintain the and International of our research portfolio, which proportion of academic staff with Research & Development now consists of a large number of research competence. The resear- Collaboration projects across the whole field of ch is organised through the Rese- police research. arch and Development Board, The researchers at PHS are stron- Opportunities for research and a range of research groups gly involved in national and are created through a strong with participants across all international projects and focus on increasing the share of departments have been establis- networks within police science externally funded research. Our hed. At PHS we also have qualify- – both as participants and prime professionalism is strengthened ing groups at all levels – senior movers. The professional and our opportunities improved lecturer qualifying, associate networks are established on both through continually focussing on professor qualifying, docent qua- institutional and personal levels, the further growth of national lifying, and professor qualifying. and they play an important part

4 Police University College [2016]. Strategi 2017-2021. Oslo: Police University College.

24 25 in the further development of The EAPL have three main aims: “stop and search”. The aim is to European Union Agency for Law tinuing collaboration has resul- da. These countries have trained research at the institution. Of the 1) the promotion of research in get an overview of available rese- Enforcement Training (CEPOL) ted in several academic articles field operators (investigative established networks and colla- psychology and law, 2) the pro- arch on police practice and the https://www.cepol.europa.eu/ and MA dissertations both at PSI interviewers) using the professio- boration partners, the following motion of the teaching of psycho- people who are subjected to stop This is an agency of the European and PHS. nal expertise offered by iIIRG. are the most important: logy and law, and 3) the promoti- and search, as well as academic Union of which PHS is an official iIIRG is also represented in the partner. CEPOL develops and on of academic interchange in exchangeParticipants from Nor- International Investigative steering group of the UN implements knowledge and trai- Cross-Border Crime Colloquium psychology and law. The organi- way are Randi Solhjell (PHS), Interviewing Research Group Anti-Torture Initiative and the http://www.cross-border-crime.net/ sation has members from the Helene O. I. Gundhus (UiO/PHS) ning for European law enforce- (iIIRG) Association for the Prevention of Cross-Border Crime Colloquium is whole of Europe, North America, and Gunnar Thomassen (PHS). ment officials in a range of techn- https://www.iiirg.org/ Torture which is led by Juan E. a group of European researchers Australia and New Zealand. The ical and crime areas, e.g. police iIIRG is an international network Mendez (former UN Special Rap- management, investigation met- in the field of transnational, orga- research field is applied psycho- European Police Research for practitioners and academics porteur on Torture and Other nised and economic crime who logy with a focus on perpetrators Institute Collaboration (EPIC) hodology, organised crime, in the field of investigative inter- Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading have been meeting since 1999. and victims of crime, prevention, EPIC is a consortium with part- cybercrime and economic crime. viewing. The network was esta- Treatment or Punishment). They arrange annual seminars discovery, sentencing, punish- ners in several countries: Police In collaboration with among oth- blished in 2007 by Trond Mykle- ers Europol and Eurojust, CEPOL where research in the field is ment and rehabilitation. The Academy of the Netherlands (the bust (PHS) and Gavin Oxburgh The International Police Executive presented and documented with organisation publishes the jour- Netherlands), Scottish Institute arranges a range of conferences (Newcastle University, England), Symposium (IPES) a report in book form. The focus nal Psychology, Crime & Law and for Policing Research & Univer- and academic seminars. It also and today has around 350 mem- IPES is the annual symposium for is on research covering Europe. arranges annual conferences in sity of Dundee (Scotland), Uni- publishes academic journals and bers from over 30 countries. the research journal Police, The Colloquium aims at building Europe. versity College Ghent (Belgium), other specialist publications. iIIRG arranges an annual confe- Practice and Research, which bridges in three respects: betwe- Cardiff University School of Soci- rence and publish the peer revie- publishes international research en Eastern and Western Europe, European Network Grant COST: al Sciences (Wales), Norwegian Work and Organisational wed journal Investigative Intervi­ in all academic police areas – between researchers/scholars Police Stops Police University College (PHS, Psychology at the Department of ewing: Research and Practice from police patrols to top mana- Psychology, University of Oslo and practitioners, and between https://www.cost.eu/actions/ Norway), Uppsala University (IIRP). Several institutions parti- gement. The annual symposium A17102/#tabs|Name:overview established and young research­ (Sweden), Police College of Fin- The research department at PHS cipate in a formalised collaborati- strengthens the interdisciplinary Police Stops is a 4-year (2018- ers. Paul Larsson from PHS has land (Finland), Linnaeus Univer- collaborates with the research on through iIIRG, including New- and cultural development of pro- 2021) European research participated in the seminars and sity (Sweden) and Manchester group Work and Organisational castle University and PHS. Many fessional police work by bringing network funded by European keeps in touch with the manage- Business School (England). The Psychology at the Department of other institutions use iIIRG for together researchers and practiti- Cooperation in Science and Techn­ ment. The plan is for the 2020 task of the consortium is to help Psychology (PSI) in the project professional development, e.g. oners. PHS is regularly represen- ology (COST) . The network con- seminar to be held in Norway. build bridges between policy and “The police as an organisation”. the International Criminal Court ted at the annual symposium. sists of 22 countries taking a clo- police practice on the one hand The project has been on-going in the Hague (ICC), the UN ser look at situations where the The European Association of and academic knowledge and since 2009, with the focus on development programme police stop people and possibly Psychology and Law (EAPL) research on the other. organisational psychological (UNDP) and the Kids Internet https://eapl.eu/ proceed with a search, so-called factors in police work. The con- Safety Alliance (KINSA) in Cana-

26 27 The Faculty of Law at the hop on criminal law at the colle- globalisation processes, and the stitutes an environment for in any of the Nordic countries. police research. One important University of Oslo ge department in Stavern. Senior various forms of punishment. research dissemination, exchan- The Network was established in aim of the conferences – besides PHS collaborates with several researcher Ingvild Bruce (IOR) is The research field lies in the ge of information and the buil- 2004 by Professor Pär-Anders strengthening research in the departments at the Faculty of participating in the PHS research intersection between law and ding of expertise across instituti- Granhag (University of Gothen- field – is to contribute to better Law: the Department of Crimino- group “Police in a digital world” social science. ons. The PHS researchers partici- burg / Professor II PHS). dissemination of the research to logy and Sociology of Law (IKRS), (Henvisning til Forskergruppe SERI is another central colla- pating in the consortium are practitioners and managers in the Department of Public Law (see p. 67). boration partner for PHS through Ingvild M. Gjelsvik (senior rese- The Nordic the field. The aim is for the confe- (IOR) and the Centre for Compu- “The punishment, penology the partnership in the research archer), Randi Solhjell (postdoc) Police Research Network rence to be a meeting place for ters and Law (SERI). and criminal law research group” project SIGNAL, which is led by and Tore Bjørgo (C-REX / Profes- https://www.umu.se/enheten-for-polisut- researchers and practitioners. IKRS is an important collaborati- at the Faculty of Law has mem- SERI. The collaboration involves, sor II PHS). bildning/forskning2/nordiska-polisfors- Police science is a rapidly develo- kningsnatverket/ on partner in police science bers from both IKRS, IOR and among other things, supervision ping academic field, and resear- The network stems from the through their staff who are condu- PHS. The research group is led by of senior researchers in the field ch-based knowledge is communi- The Nordic Network for Research police education units in the Nor- cting research on the police. Professor Johan Boucht of IOR of computer crime, and participa- on Psychology & Law (NNPL) cated through the network. The dic countries; it is an active Three of their professors are also and Professor Thomas Ugelvik of tion at and contributions to con- https://www.sv.uio.no/psi/english/resear- network is also open to students, network of police researchers directly connected to PHS: Profes- IKRS. Participants from PHS are ferences and workshops. ch/network/nnpl/ and information about new stu- with the aim of stimulating Nor- sor Emerita Liv Finstad is Profes- Professor Inger Marie Sunde, The network is a Nordic organi- dent work in the shape of MA sation for researchers and dic police research through regu- sor II at PHS and leader of the Associate Professor Morten Consortium for Research on dissertations is shared in the research stakeholders within the lar publications of newsletters professorship qualifying groups at Holmboe and senior researcher Terrorism and International Crime network newsletter. (around 10 per year) and by PHS; Professor Heidi Mork Lomell Jeanette W. Hegna. The research https://www.nupi.no/Om-NUPI/Prosjek- field of psychology and law. A ter-og-sentre/Konsorti- large part of the development of arranging a Nordic police resear- works with the externally funded group collaborates with local, Norwegian University of Life um-for-forskning-paa-terrorisme-og-in- investigative techniques is based ch conference every two years. project “Taking surveillance national and international insti- ternasjonal-kriminalitet Sciences (NMBU) on research in psychology and So far there is no separate secre- apart” as Professor II PHS; and tutions, among them PHS, and The consortium is a collaboration PHS is responsible for one of 11 law, from the causes of crime to tariat arranging conferences and Professor Helene O. I. Gundhus consists of researchers with a between the main Norwegian work packages linked to the EU criminal investigation, rehabili- running the network. The confe- works with the externally funded background in criminal law, cri- research institution in the field of Horizon 2020-funded project tation and defence mechanisms rences have grown from 10–12 project “New trends in modern minal proceedings, administrati- terrorism and international “Community-Based Policing and to prevention. The network pro- participants to the current paral- policing” as Professor II PHS. ve law, criminology, sociology of crime: PHS, the Norwegian Insti- Post Conflict Police Reform” vides regular professional con- lel sessions with over 100 partici- Many of the researchers at law, ethics and human rights. tute of International Affairs (ICT4COP). The project is co-or- tact between the actors in this pants from all the Nordic IOR are working on central issues Research is carried out on crimi- (NUPI), Centre for Research on dinated by the International field. Several researchers and countries (the majority from Nor- to do with crime and criminal nal law and criminal proceed- Extremism (C-REX) at the Uni- Environment and Development academics at PHS are active par- way and Sweden). The conferen- proceedings which are important ings, the legitimacy of punish- versity of Oslo, and the Norwegi- Studies Institute (NORAGRIC) at ticipants in the network, which ces cover research from a wide to PHS. In 2017, IOR and PHS ment, the everyday sociology of an Defence Research Establish- the Faculty of Landscape and has mailing lists about new variety of academic disciplines, jointly arranged a Nordic works- punishment, punishment and ment (FFI). The consortium con- Society at NMBU. The project is research and annual conferences but with the common theme of

28 29 based on 11 focus countries from dence and analysis. The target New Trends in Modern Policing p. 36) and “A Comparative study Research unit for Criminal, Legal Centre for Research on Extrem­ Latin America, Southeast Europe, group for the programme is The project leader for this of the Police Organisations in and Investigative Psychology ism: Right-wing extremism, hate Africa and South Asia, and focu- public sector staff in the Nordic network is Helene O. I. Gundhus Norway, Scotland & England”. (CLIP) crime and political violence ses on the themes of youth, gen- countries who work with investi- (UiO / Professor II, PHS). Other CLIP is a research group at the (C-REX) https://www.sv.uio.no/c-rex/ der, technology and police trai- gation of cybercrime. Police PHS project members are Profes- Recruitment, Education and Department of Psychology at the C-REX develops empirical and ning. PHS has the main responsi- superintendent Ulf Bergum is the sor Paul Larsson, Assistant Pro- Careers in the Police: A European University of Gothenburg which theoretical knowledge on the rea- bility for the police training PHS contact person for the MA fessor Johanne Yttri Dahl, senior Longitudinal Study (RECPOL) focuses on legal psychology. sons for and the consequences of working group. 15 different insti- collaboration programme. researcher Heidi Fischer Bjelland A research group at PHS leads Research into this field involves right-wing extremism and related tutions participate in the project. and senior researcher Annette the European research network using knowledge of psychology phenomena. PHS is a collabora- Ten of them are located in Euro- Police Experts Network (PEN) Vestby. As part of the network RECPOL, which examines recru- which is important in the judicial ting partner of C-REX, with the pe and five in Asia, Africa and https://www.nmbu.no/en/faculty/land- building Professor Nicholas Fyfe itment and career paths in the system and turning it into University of Oslo, the Norwegian Central America. sam/department/noragric/research/ (Director of the Scottish Institute police. With the use of question- practice. Legal psychology can clusters/chsd/projects-and-activities/ Center for Holocaust and Minority for Policing Research (SIPR)) will naires, police students in seven contribute to making police ict4cop Studies, the Norwegian Institute Norwegian University of Science be a guest researcher at PHS for a European countries (Norway, investigation more effective and PEN is a large international of International Affairs, the Peace and Technology (NTNU) at Gjøvik three-month period. Other colla- Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Scot- maintaining legal safeguards, as network with over 50 police Research Institute Oslo and the The police have established a borating partners are the Linna- land, Belgium and Catalonia) are well as ensuring that assessment experts, convened on a voluntary Norwegian Defence Research collaboration within investigati- eus University, the Swedish Nati- followed through three or four of evidence by the courts is more basis to advise the researchers on Establishment. In addition to on of cybercrime with the Center onal Council for Crime Preventi- phases - at the start of their trai- objective and fair. Most of us the EU-project “Community-Ba- these Norwegian partners, there for Cyber and Information on and the University of Oslo. ning, at the end of their training, want a judicial system which is sed Policing and Post-Conflict are also the following internatio- Security (CCIS) at NTNU in Gjø- and three and (possibly) six years modern, efficient and humane, Police Reform” (ICT4COP). The nal partners: Handa Centre for vik. This collaboration involves PHS, the School of Psychology at into their professional careers - and which maintains legal safe- aim of PEN is to combine the the Study of Terrorism and Politi- dedicated research projects, with Newcastle University & the in order to get a picture of how guards. Fulfilling these require- practical experience and cal Violence (CSTPV), St. Professor Inger Marie Sunde as Department of Psychology at UiO their education and practical job ments is no mean feat. One knowledge of the police with the Andrews University (Scotland); contact person. One concrete PHS has entered into a Memor- experience affect their attitudes, important piece of the jigsaw is academic knowledge of the rese- Institute of Security and Global result for PHS has been the andum of Understanding on col- values and views on police work having access to relevant high-le- archers. PEN members act as Affairs (ISGA), Leiden University development of an experien- laboration on teaching and rese- and society during the phases. vel research on legal psychology. advisors throughout the research (the Netherlands); and the Institu- ce-based MA programme on data arch with the two other instituti- Recently, police students in Hun- It is therefore positive that the process, and are responsible for te for Interdisciplinary Research security and cybercrime. NTNU ons. The three collaborating gary and Georgia have also joi- field of legal psychology is disseminating new knowledge on Conflict and Violence (IKG), are responsible for the general partners are contributing to each ned RECPOL. growing strongly internationally. back to their respective instituti- University of Bielefeld (Germany). modules comprising data others’ MA programme and colla- ons. PEN has members from many C-REX funds half a post-doctorate security, and PHS for modules borating on the projects “The parts of the world. Its administra- post at PHS on the policing of comprising the securing of evi- Police as an Organisation” (see tor is Tor Damkås at PHS. extremism and hate crime.

30 31 Young Nordic Innovation, and there has been Magnus Seierstad & Ingvild • 4 thematic work packages: knowledge of the subject area. Projects Funded by the Police Research Network an increase in the number of Magnæs Gjelsvik “WP 3 Technology Develop- The police experts assist with Norwegian Research Council https://www.jus.uio.no/ior/english/resear- externally funded projects. This ment”, “WP 4 Police Training advice on how to identify and ch/networks/nordic-police-research/ PHS is one of 10 organisations part of the report will throw and Education”, “WP 5 Youth evaluate “best practice”, and Building competence to retain The network’s aim is to gather from Norway, Germany, England, some light on the on-going rese- Issues”, “WP 6 Gender point out potential areas of competence / Fix the system and young researchers in the area of Poland and Ireland that make up arch projects which contribute to Issues”. improvement in the assembled achieve unique institutional goals police and policing, for annual the research consortium behind the development of police science • 4 geographical work packa- material. In collaboration with (FIKS) seminars with themes concerning ICT4COP. The project is fully fun- as a separate discipline, and to ges: “WP 7 East Africa” Bochum University in Germany, Tina Luther Handegård (Project issues of police or policing that are ded by the EU through Horizon strengthening the research wit- (Kenya, Somalia and South PHS will develop an e-based Leader), Brita Bjørkelo, Liv Finstad particularly relevant for Nordic 2020 and stretches over a 5-year hin the profession. Sudan), “WP 8 South Asia” teaching module in the field of (UiO / professor II, PHS), Nina Jon, countries, and/or issues that are period (starting in 2015). The projects are presented (Afghanistan and Pakistan), “Community-oriented policing” Kathrine Berg & Knut Evensen interesting for contrasting Nordic The main aim of the project is according to the source of fun- “WP 9 Central America” (COP) by June 2020. The target group of the FIKS-pro- practices with other countries’ to improve the safety of people ding, except for the PhD projects (Guatemala, Nicaragua and Jaishankar Ganapathy is a ject is staff with senior lectures- practices. We want to inspire living in post-conflict areas. How which are described in more El Salvador), “WP 10 South participant in WP 8. The group hip competence, their managers Nordic researchers to learn about can sustainable and trust-based detail in the chapter on the East Europe” (Bosnia and will study experiences of COP in and the R&D-committee. All aca- the Nordic similarities and relationships be developed bet- doctorate group (from p. ??). The Herzegovina, Kosovo and Afghanistan and Pakistan in demic staff with senior lecturer differences, which in turn may ween communities and the projects are further presented Serbia). order to see whether improved competence at PHS have the lead to improve the police? The project will also exa- alphabetically according to their communication and interaction opportunity to participate in the understanding of the policing in mine how information and WP 4 is led by PHS. One goal of title, below each subheading. between the police and the local qualifying rounds for promotion the home state of the participants. communication technology can this work package is to gather PHS staff are not listed under the be developed and leveraged to training material connected to community can contribute to to professorship. There are three unit they are part of. strengthen these relations. Community Policing from the improved security for the inhabi- qualifying rounds in the project, For complete references to the The project is organised into project’s 11 key countries, the tants through improved efficien- and in addition, PHS and the Research Projects in 2018 listed publications, see the chap- the following work packages: EU, the UN and other actors, and cy and accountability on the part University College of the External research funding is a ter “Reported Publications”,p.91). of the police. Norweg ­ian Correctional Service • 3 work packages with to make the material available to prerequisite for the continued (KRUS) have initiated qualifying responsibility for co-ordina- all the researchers on the project strengthening of police research rounds for promotion from senior tion and technical aspects: through a database established at PHS. In the past few years, the lecturer to associate professor. EU-funded Projects “WP1 Management and by PHS. college has therefore focused Main goals: Community based Policing and Coordination of the Project”, A reference group, PEN, has especially on submitting applica- • Increase the number of pro- Post Conflict Police Reform “WP 2 Community-Based also been established, with tions to the Norwegian Research fessors at PHS in general, (ICT4COP) Policing in Comparison”, approximately 45 international Council and the EU Framework and the number of female Tor Damkås, Jaishankar “WP 11 Dissemination and police experts who all have Programme for Research and professors in particular. A Ganapathy, Utilisation of Results”. practical experience from and

32 33 minimum of three female development which promote Computational Forensics for New trends in modern policing mas and questions arising from vention, intelligence and investi- professors in the course of the project’s strategic goal of Large-Scale Fraud Detection Johanne Yttri Dahl (Project Lea­ the use of new methods of poli- gation are visible in this area. three years. having at least three female (ArsForensica) der, Paul Larsson, Annette Vestby, cing, the new role of the police in • Long term: To strengthen professors. Katrin Franke (NTNU in Gjøvik) Heidi Fischer Bjelland, Helene O. I. society and the blurring of diffe- 2) Police methods: From police science as an academic • Increase the knowledge and (Prosject Leader), Jul Fredrik Gundhus (UiO / professor II, PHS), rences between proactive and concealed to dialogue-based discipline through perma- skills of managers in the field Kaltenborn & Inger Marie Sunde Liridona Gashi, Siv Rebekka Run­ reactive police methods. The police strategies nent gender balance in top of knowledge leadership. The project is funding a total of hovde & Pernille Erichsen Skjevrak focus of the Community Policing Paul Larsson academic positions and rese- Project period: seven research fellows among The aim of the project is to exa- Reform on professionalism, new The project looks at the work car- arch management. Gender 1 April 2015 – 1 April 2018. them Jul Fredrik Kaltenborn from mine the increasing intertwining working methods, knowled- ried out by the police and the Nor- equality contributes to rai- Publications and lectures in 2018: PHS. The project examines the of police methods used before a ge-driven processes and intelli- wegian Nature Inspectorate sing the quality of higher Bjørkelo, B. & Finstad, L. (2018). use of different types of artificial criminal offence takes place (pro- gence is examined by looking at (SNO) in the field of illegal wolf education and research. Bygge kompetanse for å behol­ intelligence in the analysis of big active policing), and measures ongoing projects. Based on care- hunting. It is based on case stud- Research-based knowledge de kompetanse: Fix the system data, with the goal of uncovering, taken by the police after the cri- fully selected cases, the project ies and interviews by local police will in turn contribute to the and achieve unique institutio­ preventing and investigating eco- minal offence has occurred will develop knowledge about investigators, the National unique responsibility PHS nal goals. Sluttrapport for nomic crime. Kaltenborn’s project (reactive policing). Traditionally, areas of policing where little Authority for Investigation and has to provide knowled- FIKS -prosjektet ved illuminates the legal aspects of crime prevention and investigati- research has been done, either Prosecution of Economic and ge-based leadership in the Politihøgskolen (PHS such use of big data. He has been on have been separate police internationally or in Norway. The Environmental Crime (Økokrim) Forskning 2018:6). Oslo: police. accepted on the PhD-programme methods. Today it is expected project will therefore contribute and people in SNO responsible for Politihøgskolen. Hentet fra Sub-goals: at the Law Faculty of the Univer- that the police are one step to new empirical knowledge and predators. How do you investigate http://hdl.handle. • Conduct research-based sity of Oslo, and is in addition ahead, working both proactively theory development, both impor- “hopeless cases”? By hopeless net/11250/2585202 mapping and analysis of contributing to a project managed and reactively on a variety of tant for the education of a highly cases we mean cases with few what promotes and prevents Villman, E. & Bjørkelo, B. by NTNU at Gjøvik (see a more criminal offences, such as econo- qualified police service. There leads, tip-offs of variable quality, (2018). Intern FOU analyse: opportunities for qualifying detailed description of Kalten- mic crime, labour market crime, are 6 sub-projects: interviews which do not work, Delrapport i FIKS prosjektet. to top positions in academia born’s PhD-project on p. ??). Pro- crime for profit and human traf- lack of remains and other techni- Oslo: Politihøgskolen. and research. fessor Inger Marie Sunde (PHS) is ficking. This requires the police 1) Trends in policing cal evidence. The public are often • Draw up local criteria for Bjørkelo, B. (2018, mars). FIX’ing his supervisor, and Assistant Pro- to have knowledge about crime cross-border crime for profit not very helpful in such cases experiences: On temporary promotion to professorship. fessor Maria Astrup Hjort (UiO) as it is being planned and carried Johanne Yttri Dahl because they feel the police and sustainable effects of the • Continue the work with the co-supervisor. out. In this context, intelligence, The goal of the project is to exa- should not be prioritising them. FIX -project. FIX project, groups qualifying for profes- The project is funded by the proactive investigation, crime The police are also divided in closing conference, mine how the police work to sorship, led by an external Norwegian Research Council’s Politihøgskolen, Oslo. analysis, surveillance and provo- combat cross-border crime for their view on the severity of such professor. Distribute and ICT and Digital Innovation initia- cation are of vital importance. profit, and how changes in the criminal activity. grant time for research and tive (IKTPLUSS). The project will explore dilem- relationship between crime pre- Publications and papers in 2018:

34 35 Larsson, P. (2018). On the hunt: 4) Facing Complexity: Police gence in police control of immi- Rønn, K. V. (2018). Gundhus, H. O. I. (2018). Smart ett. Politi, rett, samfunn forsker- Aspects of the use of commu- officers’ reasoning and response gration to the prevention of Introduction. I H. O. I. politiarbeid? Når skillene gruppe, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. nicational control in Norway. to human trafficking Gundhus, K.V. Rønn & N. R. mellom etterretning, youth crime – the project will Gundhus, H. I. (2018, juni). Sort­ I H. O. I. Gundhus, K.V. Rønn Heidi Fischer Bjelland Fyfe (Red.), Moral Issues in forebygg ­ing og etterforskning illuminate how the increased ing out welfare: crimmigration & N. R. Fyfe (Red.), Moral The project examines police Intelligence-led Policing (s. viskes ut. I A. Rønne & H. intertwining of police methods practices and abnormal justice in Issues in Intelligence-led efforts in the field of human traf- affects the knowledge platform, 1–22). London: Routledge. Stevnsborg (Red.), Ret Policing (s. 104–120). London: SMART: Om smart teknologi Norway. Law and Society Confer- ficking. Its purpose is to examine prioritisation and handling of the Gundhus, H. O., Larsson, P., Routledge. og regulering (s. 145–170). ence, Toronto. how the Norwegian police deal different target groups in police Sørli, V. L., Talberg, N. & København: Djøf Forlag. Gundhus, H. I. (2018, august). Larsson, P. (2018). Policing bik- with the global phenomenon of work. This will be examined in Wathne, C. T. (2018). Management by concerns: Intelli­ ers: Confrontation or dia- trafficking in human beings, and the light of the police reform’s Nærpolitiidealet under press. Gundhus, H. O. I. (2018). logue. Trends in Organized I V. L. Sørli & P. Larsson Negotiating risks and threats: gence led policing and risks. the challenges this constantly emphasis on specialisation, stan- Crime, 22(5). https://doi. (Red.), Politireformer: Idealer, Securing the border through EUROCRIM Conference 2018, changing field of crime poses for dardisation, digitisation, intelli- org/10.1007/s12117-018-9346-7 realiteter, retorikk og praksis the lens of intelligence. I H. O. Sarajevo. the police at a local level. This gence and new management (s. 341–365). Oslo: Cappelen I. Gundhus, K.V. Rønn & N. R. Larsson, P. (2018, august). On the PhD project is described in more Gundhus, H. I. (2018, oktober). structures. Some of the questions Damm Akademisk. Fyfe (Red.), Moral Issues in hunt: Investigating illegal hunting detail on p. 76-77. being asked are to what extent Reflexivity and theorizing: Con­ Gundhus, H., Talberg, N. & Intelligence-led Policing (s. by covert methods. EUROCRIM new framework conditions and ceptualizing the police role in Wathne, C. T. (2018). 221–245). London: Routledge. Conference 2018, Sarajevo. 5) Changing methods of policing: objectives – in particular the migration control. Boklansering Konturene av en ny politirol- Gundhus, H. I. (2018, februar). Police risk management and the police reform’s emphasis on av Criminal justice research in an le: Politiansattes erfaringer Politimetoder i endring. Faglunsj, 3) Organised or economic crime?: public goal-oriented management, med politireformen. I V. L. era of mass mobility, Universitetet The significance of police Det juridiske fakultet, Universite- Helene O. I. Gundhus (UiO / intelligence and specialisation – Sørli & P. Larsson (Red.), i Oslo, Oslo. organisation and competence tet i Oslo, Oslo. professor II, PHS) contribute to changing the role Politireformer: Idealer, realite­ Gundhus, H. I. (2018, oktober). Annette Vestby Gundhus, H. I. (2018, mars). The overriding purpose of the and identity of the police in the ter, retorikk og praksis (s. 199– Management by concerns: Intelli­ Sorting out welfare: Crimmigra­ What are the authorities’ insti- project is to examine how eradi- community. The project began in 222). Oslo: Cappelen Damm gence led policing and risks. Lund tion practices and abnormal jus­ tutional constructions of organi- cation of the divisions between 2017, and is based on document Akademisk. University, Lund. tice in Norway. Tranformative sed and economic crime, and the policing methods of preventi- analysis, interviews (individual Gundhus, H. O. I. (2018). Gundhus, H. I. (2018, november). how do these play a part in the on, intelligence and investigation and focus group), observations Reflexivity and theorizing: borders and the politics of mobili- POP og etterretning. Foredrag for choice of cases and methods? affects police risk management of and questionnaires, sent to all Conceptualizing the police ty in western liberal democraties, Politidirektoratets avdeling Fore- This PhD project is described in different target groups. Through professional police officers and role in migration control. I A. University of Leiden, Leiden. bygging og etterretning, Hol- more detail on p. 85. various cases – from empirical managers in the police districts Fili, S. Jahnsen & R. Powell Gundhus, H. I. (2018, mai). Poli­ menkollen Park hotell, Oslo. examination of police officers’ in the autumn of 2018. (Red.), Criminal justice re­ ti, rett og samfunn: Nytt kunn­ search in an era of mass mobil­ Gundhus, H. I. (2018, november). experience of the Community Publications and papers in 2018: skapsarbeid? Når etterretning, ity (s. 173–185). London: Police Reform, the use of intelli- Fyfe, N. R., Gundhus, H. O. I. & forebygging og etterforskning går i Politimetoder i endring. Presen-­ Routledge.

36 37 t ­asjon for Justisdepartementets Runhovde, S. R. (2018, novem- their view on the severity of them, Luca Tosoni, writes about A Definition of the and citizen’s loyalty. Paneldelta- Kriminalitetsforebyggende avdel­ ber). Cultural heritage crime: A such criminal activity. privacy protection in the field of Concept “Parallel Society” kelse, EUROCRIM Conference ing, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. study on policing, prevention and Papers in 2018: cybercrime. Tosoni is also on the Marit Egge & Randi Solhjell 2018, Sarajevo. security. ASC Conference, Atlanta. PhD programme at the Law The project is commissioned by Larsson, P. (2018, januar). Politi­ Egge, M. & Solhjell, R. (2018, Faculty. The project is funded by the Ministry of Justice and Public 6) Theft and trafficking of art: A arbeid opp mot illegal ulvejakt. september). Parallellsamfunn: En the Norwegian Research Coun- Security. Its purpose is to explore study on policing, prevention and Police action against Konferanse om rovvilt, beitedyr del av den norske virkeligheten? cil’s IKTPluss. different perceptions of what a security the illegal hunting of wolves og samfunn, Hamar. Foredrag på fagmøte i Justis- og “parallel society” is, and propose Siv Rebekka Runhovde Paul Larsson, Olve Krange (NINA) beredskapsdepartementet, Oslo. Larsson, P. (2018, mars). Jakten a definition which can be used as The study is about combatting art & Ketil Skogen (NINA) på jegerne: Politiet og SNO sin a starting-point when the topic is and cultural heritage crime in The project looks at the work Projects Funded by the Right-wing extremism in Norway: innsats med å kontrollere illegal discussed. The project report also Norway, France and Italy. It seeks carried out by the police and the Ministry of Justice and Trajectory, conspiracy theories ulvejakt. Vargsymposiet, refers to various descriptions of to uncover what characterises the Norwegian Nature Inspectorate Public Security and/or the and preventive strategies Vålådalen. the phenomenon in Scandinavia. control regime in this area, which (SNO) in the field of illegal wolf Norwegian National Police Tore Bjørgo (C-REX / professor II, Larsson, P. (2018, august). On the The project was finalised in 2018 public and private institutions hunting. It is based on case stud- Directorate PHS) (Project Leader, Ingvild hunt: Investigating illegal hunting with a publication in the series assist in these checks/controls, ies and interviews by local police In addition to the projects menti- Magnæs Gjelsvik (PHS /C-REX), by covert methods. EUROCRIM “PHS Research”. and to what extent the work is investigators, the National oned below, there are also two Birgitte P. Haanshus (C-REX/ Conference 2018, Sarajevo. Publications and papers in 2018: characterised by a proactive ver- Authority for Investigation and PhD projects wholly or partly PHS), Terje Emberland & Cora Larsson, P. (2018, september). sus a reactive approach. One of Prosecution of Economic and funded by the Ministry of Justice Egge, M. & Solhjell, R. (2018). Alexa Døving (The Norwegian Policing illegal hunting of wolves. the goals is to discuss how Norwe- Environmental Crime (Økokrim) and Public Security and/or the Parallellsamfunn: En del av Center for Studies of the Holocaust Nordisk politiforskningsseminar, den norske virkeligheten? gian authorities can take a more and people in SNO responsible Norwegian National Police Dire- and Religious Minorities/C-REX) Umeå. (PHS Forskning 2018: 2). preventive approach in this field. for predators – 14 so far. How do ctorate: One of the results of the terrorist Oslo: Politihøgskolen. Hentet This is a 2-year postdoc you investigate “hopeless • Heidi Fischer Bjelland: Polic­ attacks of 22 July 2011 was an Security in Internet Governance fra http://hdl.handle. assignment under the project cases”? By “hopeless cases” we ing human trafficking: A acknowledgement of the lack of and Networks: Analyzing the Law net/11250/2498197 “New trends in modern policing”. mean cases with few leads, tips mixed-methods study of the updated knowledge of right-wing (SIGNAL) Egge, M. & Solhjell, R. (2018, Preliminary findings from the of variable quality, interviews Norwegian Police’s fight extremism in Norway, and a reali- Inger Marie Sunde august). Parallellsamfunn: En del project were presented at two which do not work, lack of against trafficking in human sation that the phenomenon had av den norske virkeligheten? Fore- conferences in 2018: remains and other technical The project is led by Professor beings (POD & JD). changed significantly in the past Lee Bygrave from the Research drag for forskergruppe, Politi- Runhovde, S. R. (2018, august). evidence. The public are often • Steinar Vee Henriksen: How 10-15 years. It is no longer about Center for Computers and the høgskolen, Oslo. Cultural heritage crime: A study not very helpful in such cases do norwegian police train and racist youth gangs and skinhead Law (The Faculty of Law, Univer- Egge, M. & Solhjell, R. (2018, on policing, prevention and securi­ because they feel the police exercise coercive force? (JD). Nazi sympathisers, but mainly sity of Oslo). The project has august). Western discourses of ty. EUROCRIM Conference 2018, should not be prioritising them. about adults and environments. three Research Fellows. One of ‘Parallel societies’: State capacity Sarajevo. The police are also divided in They operate online and in social

38 39 media, and in some cases also in Publications and papers in 2018: Høyreekstremisme i Norge: teorier og forebyggingsstrategier Runhovde, S. R. & Skjevrak, P. E. and what prevents collaboration. far more organised structures Bjørgo, T. (Red.). (2018). Utviklingstrekk, konspirasjons­ – noen hovedfunn. Foredrag i Øst (2018). The project period is November than before. The preventive met- Høyreekstremisme i Norge: teorier og forebygg­ings­strategier. Politidistrikt, Sarpsborg. Kriminalitetsforebygging på 2018 – June 2021. norsk: En kunnskapsoversikt hods that had proved effective in Utviklingstrekk, konspira­ Lansering av PHS-­rapporten, Gjelsvik, I. M. (2018, desember). sjonsteorier og forebyggings­ (PHS Forskning 2018: 3). dealing with the racist youth Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Høyreekstremisme i Norge: Police Detectives on the TOR- strategier (PHS Forskning Oslo: Politihøgskolen. Hentet network: A Study on Tensions gangs in the 1990s and until the Gjelsvik, I. M. (2018, februar). Utviklingstrekk, konspirasjonsteo­ 2018: 4). Oslo: fra http://hdl.handle. Between Privacy and Crime mid-2000s are less relevant for Høyreekstremisme i Norge: rier og forebyggingsstrategier. Politihøgskolen. Hentet fra net/11250/2507671 Fighting today’s right-wing extremists. Utviklingstrekk og forebygging. Foredrag for politi og kommune i http://hdl.handle. Morten Holmboe (prosjektleder That is some of the background to Foredrag for kontaktforum i Øst Innlandet Politidistrikt, Hamar. net/11250/2568904 Norge) & Jeanette Westlund Hegna this project which was commissio- Politidistrikt, Lillestrøm. ned by the Department of Justice Bjørgo, T. (2018, januar). Fore­ Projects PHS is participating in this project Gjelsvik, I. M. (2018, mars). Den The status of knowledge i and Public Security. The project bygging av voldelig ekstremisme funded by Nordforsk about police investigation of the nordiske motstandsbevegelsen i n the crime prevention field report has been published in the og terrorisme. Foredrag på konfe- TOR-network (part of the Dark Norge: Utvikling og forebygging. Siv Rebekka Runhovde & Pernille series “PHS Research”, and con- ranse om forebygging av radika- Nordic Multiagency Approaches Web). The central issue in the Foredrag for politiet i Vest Politi- Erichsen Skjevrak sists of four sub-projects: lisering og voldelig ekstremisme. to Handling Extremism: Policies, research project is the tension distrikt, Bergen. • “Development and scope of Senter for risikostyring og sam- The project summarises Norwe- Perceptions and Practices? between privacy and other human right-wing extremism in funnssikkerhet, Universitetet i Gjelsvik, I. M. (2018, juni). Den gian research in the field of crime Tore Bjørgo (C-REX / professor II, rights on the one hand, and the Norway” Tore Bjørgo and Stavanger. nordiske motstandsbevegelsen i prevention in several different PHS) (Project Leader) & Randi consideration for effective investi- problem areas. The goal is to Ingvild M. Gjelsvik. Bjørgo, T. (2018, april). Høyreek­ Norge: Utvikling og forebygging. Solhjell (arbeidspakkeleder WP3) gation and prevention of criminal identify important challenges in • “The extreme right’s activi- stremisme: Hva er det og hvordan Foredrag for politiet i Vest Politi- This is a Nordic research project acts on the TOR-network on the crime prevention work and point ties on the Internet and in kommer det til uttrykk i Norge og distrikt, Førde. which examines the inter-agency other. The fundamental idea is to to areas where there is a lack of social media” Birgitte P. internasjonalt? & Forebygging av Gjelsvik, I. M. (2018, november). collaboration between schools, compare daily policing with the effort and/or knowledge, as well Haanshuus. voldelig ekstremisme og terroris­ Forebygging av radikalisering og health services, social services demands relating to securing evi- as illuminate research findings • “The significance of conspir- me. Foredrag på tverretatlig kon- voldelig ekstremisme. Politiets and the police in order to prevent dence and legal rights. on direct or indirect effects of acy theories within right- feranse i regi av RVTS, Værnes. rolle – fra teori til praksis. Fore- and manage violent extremism. The project is headed by Pro- wing extremism” Cora A. crime prevention work. The over- The project looks at how the fessor Wouter Stol (Open Univer- Bjørgo, T. (2018, september). Høy­ drag for studenter på masterstu- Døving and Terje Emberland. view is limited to Norwegian various agencies and establish- sity, the Netherlands). Additional reekstremisme i Norge. Lærerkurs i diet i politivitenskap, Politihøg- • “Prevention of right-wing research from 2000 until today. ments collaborate and exchange participants are Professor Tim regi av FN-sambandet, Oslo skolen, Oslo. extremism and hate crime: The project had a 6-month information and which institutio- Wilson (Northumbria University) Gjelsvik, I. M. (2018, november). Some perspectives and expe- Bjørgo, T., Gjelsvik, I. M., Haans- duration and was completed in nal and legal frameworks these and Professor Oliver Popov (Uni- Høyreekstremisme i Norge: riences of the police” Ingvild huus, B., Døving, A. C. & Ember- February 2018.. collaborations are based on. It versity of Stockholm). The proje- Utviklingstrekk, konspirasjons ­ M. Gjelsvik and Tore Bjørgo. land, T. (2018, oktober). Publications 2018: also examines what promotes ct provides funding to three PhD

40 41 candidates from Norway, Nether- they have of privacy and protec­ Lomell, H. M. (2018, juni). An Projects funded by the the end of the parliamentary Presentasjon av PHS-rapporten land and Sweden respectively. tion and their perceptions of onli- exploration of the conceptual bor­ Norwegian Police Security term). This provides a unique for ansatte ved PST, Oslo. The Norwegian part of the ne police surveillance. der between mass and targeted Service (PST) opportunity to carry out compa- Bjørgo, T. & Silkoset, E. (2018, project is headed by Professor The project will last for three surveillance. The 8th Biennial rative analysis. The central topics januar). Trusler og trusselhendel­ Morten Holmboe, and includes years from 1 May 2017. Surveillance Studies Conference, Threats and threatening discussed in the report include ser mot politikere: En spørreun­ the PhD candidate Jeanette W. Papers 2018: Aarhus Universitet, Aarhus. approaches to politicians: politicians’ exposure to various dersøkelse blant stortingsrepresen­ Hegna whose work looks into A survey of Norwegian parlia­ forms of unwanted events, the Flinterud, G. (2018. Juni). Push­ tanter og regjeringsmedlemmer. international legal frameworks of mentarians and cabinet ministers different factors determining ing borders in the Norwegian Offentlig lansering av PHS-rap- virtual jurisdiction in the investi- Tore Bjørgo (C-REX / professor II, who is exposed, the politicians’ online surveillance debate – a com­ porten, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. gation of the TOR-network (furt- PHS) & Emilie Silkoset (C-REX) understanding of who the perpe- munications perspective. The 8th Bjørgo, T. (2018, september). her described on p. 78). Jeanet- Senior politicians as a professio- trators of these incidents are, and Biennial Surveillance Studies Threats and threatening te’s supervisors are Professor nal group are susceptible not the consequences for both private Conference, Aarhus Universitet, approaches to politicians. Presen- Holmboe and Professor Johan only to harassment but also to lives and political activity. The Aarhus. tasjon for European Network for Boucht (IOR, UiO). serious threats and violence. PST project report was published in Public Figure Threat Assessment has the main responsibility for Norwegian in the series “PHS Agencies (ENPFTAA), Helsinki. Taking Surveillance Apart ensuring the safety of public offi- Research” in 2017, and in English Bjørgo, T. (2018, september). Heidi Mork Lomell (UiO/professor cials, and needs to have a syste- in 2018. Trusler mot politikere. Foredrag II, PHS) & Guro Flinterud matic mapping of the extent and Publications and papers 2018: for ansatte i Departementenes nature of the unwanted incidents Bjørgo, T. & Silkoset, E. (2018). The project will chart the legal sikkerhets- og serviceorganisa- experienced by Norwegian cabi- Threats and threatening ap­ frameworks that already exist sjon, Oslo. and those that are developing in net ministers and parliamentari- proaches to politicians: A sur­ vey of Norwegian parliamen­ Norway, Finland and the United ans. At the request of the Police tarians and cabinet ministers Kingdom relating to police intel- Security Service, PHS has for a (PHS Forskning 2018:5). ligence and investigation activity second time carried out a survey Projects funded by other among parliamentarians and Oslo: Politihøgskolen. Hentet external collaboration on the Internet. It will further fra http://hdl.handle. cabinet ministers on their experi- partners identify how the parties in the net/11250/2564720 debate about online surveillance ences of threats and threatening Bjørgo, T. & Silkoset, E. (2018, Experiences of policing among articulate and justify their positi- approaches. The first mapping januar). Trusler og trusselhendel­ ethnic minority youth in the ons. As a third avenue, the proje- study was carried out in 2013 (at ser mot politikere: En spørreun­ Nordic countries ct will study people’s online the end of the parliamentary dersøkelse blant stortingsrepresen­ Randi Solhjell & behaviour, the perceptions they term), and the survey was repea- tanter og regjeringsmedlemmer. Gunnar Thomassen have of risk, the expectations ted in the spring of 2017 (also at

42 43 The project is funded by the Sca- Criminology. https://doi. Tønsberg, as well as around 25 nal og Policy and Practice. been implemented? The question Publications 2018: ndinavian Research Council for org/10.1007/s10612-018-9408-9 interviews with police contacts. In https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pay043 what constitutes “gang crime” is Runhovde, S. R. (2018). Illegal Criminology and PHS, and is a Solhjell, R. (2018). Etnisk mino- December 2018, Filstad comple- Filstad, C. & Karp, T. (2018, 6. particularly pertinent, and what online trade in reptiles from collaboration between Denmark, ritetsungdommer og deres ted a report for the Agency for september). Politiet venter... is the connection of this pheno- Madagaskar. Geneva: Global Finland, Sweden and Norway. It erfaringer med politiet. Fokus, Public Management and eGovern- [Kronikk]. Politilederen. menon to youth crime? How do Initiative Against is a qualitative study about the (3), 11-13. ment based on the results. Filstad Hentet fra https://www.poli- we approach such a fragmented Transnational Organized Crime. Hentet fra ht t p://g lo - encounters and experiences and Karp have also presented tilederen.no/nyhe- field where young people commit Solhjell, R. (2018, desember). balinitiative.net/wp-content/ young people from ethnic mino- their findings from the evaluation ter/1928-politiet-venter crimes on their own, but at the Innafor eller utafor? Erfaringer uploads/2018/09/TGIATOC- rities have had with the police in at PHS. Three articles will be same time potentially have links fra minoritetsungdom (i Norden). Filstad, C. & Karp, T. (2018, 5. ReptileTrade-A4-Web.pdf the Nordic countries. The results Samarbeidsseminar Øst Politidis- published in 2018, and more will september). Enten må politiet to or membership of criminal of the study will be published in follow in 2019. få mer penger, eller så må networks? trikt, Lillestrøm. Mapping the efficacy of human four international journals in The project period is 2018–2020. ambisjonen og tempoet i re- The project period is 2018– intelligence gathering techniques 2018 and 2019. In addition the The project is funded by the formen senkes [Meninger]. 2019. The project is funded by a Evaluation, implementation and Pär Anders Granhag (Göteborgs results were communicated nati- Agency for Public Management Dagbladet. Hentet fra ht t p s:// consortium. outcomes of the Community www.dagbladet.no/kultur/ universitet / professor II, PHS) & onally in 2017. The project was and eGovernment. Police Reform enten-ma-politiet-fa-mer-pen- Marthe Lefsaker Sakrisvold completed in 2018. Publications 2018: Illegal online trade Cathrine Filstad (BI / Professor II, ger-eller-sa-ma-ambisjone- Today there is vast research on Borge, B. H., Filstad, C., Olsen, in reptiles from Madagascar Publications and papers 2018: PHS) (Project Leader), Trude H. ne-og-tempoet-i-refor- how to interview witnesses and T. H. & Skogmo, P. Ø. (2018). Siv Rebekka Runhovde Haller, M. B., Solhjell, R., Olsen School of Business and Eco­ men-senkes/70169891 suspects, and how to interview in Diverging assessments of This literature study discusses Saarikkomäki, E., Kolind, T., nomics at UiT, the Arctic Univer­ Karp, T., Filstad, C. & Glomseth, order to detect deception. Howe- learning organizations during illegal online trade in reptiles Hunt, G. & Wästerfors, D. sity of Norway), Elin A. Nilsen R. (2018). 27 Days of manage- reform implementation. The from Madagascar. The study was ver, research on how to most (2018). Minor harassments: (School of Business and Economics rial work in the police service. Learning Organization, 25(6), commissioned by “The Global effectively elicit human intelli- Ethnic minority youth in the at UiT) & Tom Karp (Kristiania Police Practice & Research. 399–409. https://doi.org/­10.1108/ gence (HUMINT) is almost Nordic countries and their https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2018. Initiative against Transnational University College) TLO-02-2018-0024 Organized Crime”, and is part of non-existent. The present project perceptions of the police. The project evaluates the imple- 1526682 Criminology & Criminal Filstad, C. & Karp, T. (2018). the project “Digital Danger” sets off to test the comparative mentation and outcomes of the Justice. https://doi.org/10.­ Ledelse, implementering, effek­ which address the increased use effectiveness of different Community Police Reform and The gang project 1177/1748895818­­800744 ter og resultater av nærpoliti­ of the Internet and social media HUMINT gathering techniques, practical police management. In reformen. Oslo: PHS. Hentet Randi Solhjell (Project Leader & with a particular focus on the Solhjell, R., Saarikkomäki, E., in the illegal trade of endangered 2018, two large surveys were fra http://hdl.handle. Pernille Erichsen Skjevrak Haller, M. B, Wästerfors, D. & animals and plants. so-called Scharff technique. A carried out among all police net/11250/2581487 Kolind, T. (2018). We are seen ”Youth crime” goes in waves. The project was carried out in further aim is to suggest a novel employees. There were approxi- as a threat: Police stops of Filstad, C., Karp, T. & Glomseth, What characterises youth crime? a 5-week period and was comple- set of measures to be used for mately eight weeks of full-time young ethnic minorities in the R. (2018). How police leaders What is our knowledge base, and ted in June 2018. assessing the efficacy of HUMINT field studies in Oslo, Tromsø and Nordic countries. Critical learn to lead. Policing: A jour­ which preventive measures have gathering techniques. The pro­

44 45 ject is funded by the FBI unit professional development as rences in the counter-interrogati- being written with policymakers kelo/Bye). Data collection (quali- have at their disposal in their High-Value Detainee Interro­ future teachers. on strategies adopted by small and police practitioners/experts tative/quantitative/field studies) work on preventing radicalisati- gation Group (HIG). The project also aims to groups of liars and truth-tellers. as a target group. The project has been completed. A collective on and violent extremism. It compare the experiences of Nor- The project draws on the existing examines how insights from summarising article as well as begins with a description of the wegian student teachers with alibi research, research on decep- general crime prevention may be part publications from the development and organisation of Projects funded by PHS those of similar student groups tion detection, the theory of used in the prevention of violent sub-projects are in the pipeline. the work of the police on preven- and collaboration partners in Australia, something which self-regulation and fundamental extremism, and is to a large The project is funded by PHS ting radicalisation and violent also was thematised in Morris’s principles of human memory. degree structured around the and UiB. extremism in the last few years. Ethics, doctoral thesis. The project is funded by the nine preventive mechanisms Publication and paper 2018: We then look at the proactive social media and teacher training Papers 2018: University of Gothenburg and the previously developed by Bjørgo Leirvik, M. S., Bjørkelo, B., work, where dialogue is frequ- Norwegian Police University Col- in works on prevention in general ently used as an initial response Brita Bjørkelo, Ingrid Helleve (UiB) Almås, A. G., Helleve, I. & Bjør- Abraham, S. & Ganapathy, J. lege (PHS). and terrorism in particular. The (2018). Profesjonelt politiar- in worrying cases. When a crime & Aslaug Grov Almås (Western kelo, B. (2018, mars). Becoming a project will be completed in beid ved bruk av «Stopp-og- has been committed, reactive Norway University of Applied teacher in the digital area. NERA Publication 2018: January 2019. sjekk»: Hva er det og hva kre- measures are taken and we dis- Scien­ces) 2018, Oslo. Mac Giolla, E., Ask, K., Granhag, ver det? Politiforum, 109(4), cuss in more detail the possible The project is the Norwegian part P. A. & Karlsson, A. (2018). Can 36 –37. Mangfold i utdanning og etat preventive effect these may of an international collaborative How to discriminate reality monitoring criteria distin- Brita Bjørkelo, Hege Høivik Bye Bjørkelo, B. & Bye, H. H. (2018, have. Finally we look at the programme initiated by Associa- between true and false alibis guish between true and false (UiB), Marit Egge, Jai Ganapathy, juni). Does it matter who blows the various grey zones and dilem- te Professor Brita Bjørkelo and Pär Anders Granhag (Göteborgs intentions? Journal of Applied Mariann Stærkebye Leirvik whistle? Diversity and Whistle­ mas faced by the police in con- Lecturer Zoe Morris of Monash universitet / professor II, PHS) & Memory in Research and Cogni­ (OsloMet). blowing in the Norwegian Police. nection with proactive and University (Melbourne, Austra- Marthe Lefsaker Sakrisvold tion, online publication. Paper presented at The 9th Nor- reactive methods against extre- lia). All members of the research Alibi is an understudied topic https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jar- The project examines diversity in dic Work Life Conference, Oslo. me groups and individuals, and group are previous members of within legal psychology. In this mac.­2018.08.002 education and the police service the considerations that have to the group ”Digital Learning project we focus on alibi discrimi- and consists of three sub-proje- Thinking several thoughts at be made in such cases. The chap- Communities”, which is based at nation – our ability to separate Lessons from crime prevention cts. Part 1 focuses on study once: Police work on preventing ter is part of an anthology on the the Department of Education, between truthful and fabricated in preventing extremism (PVE) environment and diversity radicalisation and violent prevention of radicalisation and Faculty of Psychology , UiB. The alibis. Furthermore, the meagre by police (Egge/Ganapathy), part 2 on extremism violent extremism in Norway. It main research questions concern research that exists has focused Tore Bjørgo (C-REX / professor II, ethnic diversity among unifor- Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik & Tore will be published by Gyldendal how student teachers experience on alibis provided by single suspe- PHS) med police officers (Leirvik), and Bjørgo (C-REX /professor II, PHS) Akademisk in 2019. the ethical aspects of Facebook cts, while ignoring the situation The project will result in a RAN part 3 looks at diversity, work This project will result in a book use, and how they manage the arising when examining two or Issue Paper for the Radicalisation environment and career develop- chapter setting out the role of use of private information more suspects. The project revol- Awareness Network’s police wor- ment among employees in the the police and the measures they through social networks in their ves around identifying the diffe- king group (RAN POL), which is Norwegian police force (Bjør-

46 47 Personality, stress effect, lation during stress: A Norwegian from the PHS library collection in ctorate, the University of Oslo ses the rise and fall of the Norwe- Assurance in Education (NOK- information gathering and police simulator training study. the spring of 2015. Work is cur- and PHS. gian Soldiers of Odin. The chapter UT)5. The first and third year of awareness in police operative Paper presented at the 44th rently being done to upload these Paper 2018: is a part of the book Vigilantism the police training course take simulator training Annual Conference for the Soci- to the academic portal KO:DE. Myklebust, T. (2018, juli). An against Migrants and Minorities place at one of three PHS campu- Asle M. Sandvik, Espen S. Gjeve­ ety for Police and Criminal Psy- empirical evaluation of the inves­ edited by Tore Bjørgo and ses. In the second year (B2) stad, Einar Aabrekk, Peter Øhman chology, Florida. The police as an organisation tigative process in the Norwegian Miroslav Mareš (Masaryk Univer- police students do a work place- & Per-Ludvik Kjendlie Trond Myklebust (Project Leader) Police. The international Investi- sity, Brno) that will be published ment either at a police station or This is a joint project with the Police leadership before and & Cato Bjørkli (UiO) gative Interviewing Research by Routledge summer 2019. a sheriff’s office. In B2 the -stu Department of Psychosocial Sci- now: A question of leadership, In collaboration with the work Group Annual Conference, Porto. dents get practical experience of attitude and culture? ence at the University of Bergen and organisational psychology Learning on the job: the work of a police officer, and and the Clinic for Physical Medi- Brita Bjørkelo (Project Leader) research group at the Depart- Sheep in wolf’s clothes? The Effects of work placement have a supervisor who is based cine and Rehabilitation at Vest- & Cathrine Filstad ment of Psychology (UiO), the taming of the Soldiers of Odin in Andreas Kotsadam (The Ragnar either at the police station or she- fold Hospital. The objective is to (BI / professor II, PHS) Research Department at PHS Norway Frisch Centre for Economic Resear­ riff’s office. increase knowledge about perso- The background to this project is initiated the project “The Police Tore Bjørgo (C-REX / professor II, ch) (Project Leader), Marie-Louise This project examines the nality and its significance with that PHS, post-22 July 2011, as an Organisation” (2016– PHS) & Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik Damen, Mette Løvgren (OsloMet) effects the work placement has regard to how stress is experien- began work with the objective of 2020). The project will seek to In many parts of the world & Stian Vatnedal (Ministry of on the students’ attitude and ced, the ability to gather informa- increasing knowledge-sharing illuminate the organisational and vigilante groups patrol the streets. Justice and Public Security) their learning outcomes. Do the tion and the formation of situati- between the different parts of the psychological factors that inhibit These groups often claim that the Students at PHS graduate as personality of the supervisor and onal awareness during police organisation. Part of this work and promote change in the police are either unable or unwil- police generalists. Previously, any other special characteristics operations. The effect of physical involves sharing and analysing police, mainly in the context of ling to do what is needed to provi- police training in Norway was of the individual placement unit fitness on mastering stress and previous assignments handed in the Community Police Reform. de security for native citizens provided in-house by the police affect student attitudes? In terms on perception and situational by participants on leadership The main goal of the project is to against alleged threats posed by service, but since 1992 it has of student effects we are parti- awareness will also be examined. courses at PHS. Academic Assis- provide new knowledge about criminal migrants, legitimising been in the form of a three-year cularly looking into their attitu- The project period is 2016–2020. tant, Benedikte Årseth (BI/PHS; change in police organisations their activities by saying they will university college course. The des and learning outcomes. This Paper 2018: MA in Management and Organi- and create a knowledge base for help the police in keeping the stre- course has been accredited with is done with the aid of question- Sandvik, A. M., Gjevestad, E. S., sational Psychology), has provi- the Norwegian police as an orga- ets safe. The group «Soldiers of a Bachelor’s Degree since 2004. naires. The attitudes that are Aabrekk, E., Øhman, P., Kjendlie, ded assistance, PhD researcher nisation. In 2017–2018 five MA Odin» is the fastest growing In 2017, for the third year run- being investigated are those to P. L., Hystad, S. W., Bartone, P. T., Emma Villman (University of students from the Department of movement of this kind. The book ning, students at PHS were the women as colleagues and superi- Hansen, A. L. & Johnsen, B. H. Helsinki) has obtained consent Psychology wrote their disserta- chapter «Sheep in wolf’s clothes? happiest in the country according ors and to diversity among the (2018, oktober). Physical fitness and scanned all the previous tions as part of this project. The taming of the Soldiers of Odin to the “Study Barometer” at the public. Such attitudes are of par- and psychological hardiness as leadership assignments which The project is funded by the in Norway» describes and discus- Norwegian Agency for Quality ticular interest in our society, predictors of autonomic self-regu­ were kept after being removed Norwegian National Police Dire- 5 Tønnesen, E., Lie, T. & Lindholm, A. (2018, 5 February). Her er studentene mest og minst fornøyde. Khrono. Taken from https://khrono.no.

48 49 since a better gender balance is Projects Funded by PHS Professor Liv Finstad drew up for Barland, B. & Thomassen, G. extent to which Merton’s theories Acknowledgement and both a political and a professio- the survey which the Police (2018, juni). Should the police on deviation can explain the use recognition – validity and nal goal for the profession, and Union conducted among its mem- carry guns? A survey of the police of muscle-building medicaments legitimacy in social Firearms project – part 2 because the demographic compo- bers in 2011. PHS wished to con- and the public. EPIC-konferansen, in modern-day body culture. The phenomenological research Tor -Geir Myhrer (Project Leader), sition of our communities is duct their 2017 survey through Portsmouth. main question is whether use of Egil Hove Olsvik Bjørn Barland, Gunnar changing with large numbers of the same channel and with the different medicaments can be In his PhD project, Olsvik wishes Thomassen, Jon Strype & Skjevrak, P. E. (2018, juni). Om migrants and refugees coming same respondent group. The understood as an attempt to live to contribute to a considerable Pernille Skjevrak bevæpning: Hva sier politiet, poli­ into Norway. These themes are survey was conducted in autumn up to society’s demand for a per- strengthening of the theoretical This two-part project examines tistudentene og hva sier publikum. important to the police on several 2017, and reveals police officers’ fect body. basis for Investigation Studies how the police force experienced Forskningskonferansen 2018, levels, not least because increa- attitudes and views on the subje- and Interview Theory, as requ- the temporary arming of the Nor- Politihøgskolen, Oslo. sed diversity in the police is ct of general arming today, and Digital Hour (DDT) ested by the Director of Public wegian police in the period from Skjevrak, P. E., Thomassen, G. & desirable, and because police also provides a basis for exami- Inger Marie Sunde Prosecutions. The project will November 2014 to February 2016. Barland, B. (2018, august). New officers are central actors in soci- ning the development of these facilitate nuances and specialisa- It also looks at the attitudes of the means of safety?: Electroshock Digital Hour is a series of semi- al and political life. This survey attitudes and views in the period tion within Investigative Studies. police and the public to the questi- weapons in the point of intersec­ nars for PHS staff, students and will provide PHS with valuable 2011–2017. The aim is to develop a pheno- on of whether Norwegian police tion of human rights and the need police colleagues. There are 3-4 information on how best to orga- The other survey was directed menologically-based methodo- should carry guns when on duty. of Public safety. EUROCRIM Con- seminars per semester. The aim is nise the practical part of the towards the general public and logy for Interview Theory, which The first part of the project, an ference 2018, Sarajevo. to highlight developments in digi- Bachelor course. involved an adapted version of in turn is indicative of the inter- evaluation of the temporary peri- tal communication technology, In order to examine the effe- the one described above. Skjevrak, P. E. (2018, mai). viewer’s methods and behaviour. od of arming, was commissioned social media, etc., and to create cts of work placement on the stu- Telephone interviews with a sele- Bevæpning? Politiperspektiver og The thesis concludes by formula- and funded by the Police Directo- awareness of opportunities and dents’ attitudes and judgement, cted, representative group of publikumsperspektiver. Presenta- ting a set of norms for a new con- rate. The second part of the proje- challenges in all areas of policing. they will be asked to complete 1000 people were carried out by sjon av resultater fra bevæp- cept for value-based interview ct is based internally in the The initiative is research-driven, the questionnaire at several diffe- Opinion. This part was also car- ningsprosjektet på forsknings­ practice, known as VAP. Husserl’s department, and funded by PHS. and run by the research group rent times. The current first-year ried out in autumn 2017. avdelingens fagmøte, Politihøg- (1859–1938) transcendental The project involves two “Police in a digital world” which students will be asked to fill in Analysis of the data from the skolen, Oslo. phenomenology is used in a con- questionnaires. One is aimed at has established a programme the questionnaire both before survey was begun in the late crete, police context in order to police personnel and the survey committee for Digital Hour. The and after the work placement. autumn 2017, and the main fin- provide better insight into the has been conducted through a Conformity through deviance aim is to contribute to the The project period is 2018– dings will be presented in a phenomena Investigation Studies technical collaboration with the Bjørn Barland development of professional poli- 2022 and funded by the Frisch report in the “PHS Research” and Interview Theory. The proje- Norwegian Police Union. The This project examines modern cing in the digitised society. Centre and PHS. series during the first quarter of ct also presents entirely new reason for this is that this questi- body culture and doping against 2019. knowledge based on the reading onnaire to a large extent is a the background of Robert K. Mer- of unpublished, hand-written recycling of the questions which Presentations2018: ton’s work, and looks at the

50 51 manuscripts stored in the Husserl • What does an investigation https://doi.org/10.1177/ learning’ is meaningful to those op ­­ment, and collaboration in tiforum.no/artikler/hvor- Archive in Leuven. New insights leader do? 1461355719793662 participating in the Staff and accordance with the reform. dan-politiledere-laerer-a-le- into Husserl’s theory of ethics are • How is the practical Lead ­ership Development Pro- 2. A knowledge-based police de/447715 also presented. So far this has knowledge of an investigati- Evaluation of the Staff and gramme will be examined more force – i.e. organisation and Filstad, C. & Karp, T. (2018, 6. been little known in Norway, on leader developed, and Leadership Development closely. The report on this work, work environments for september). Politiet venter... despite Husserl being regarded as how is it applied? Programme entitled Ville ikke vært det for uten, among other things experi- [Kronikk]. Politilederen. one of the most influential thin- • What is the significance of Linda Hoel, Bjørn Barland & will be published in spring 2019. ential learning in accordance Hentet fra https://www.poli- tilederen.no/nyheter/­1928- kers of the present time. the study programmes offe- Monica Lillevik Papers 2018: with the development of a red by PHS for investigation strong learning culture – in politiet-venter Following the terror attacks on Hoel, L. A. & Lillevik, M. (2018, leaders and their professio- practical work situations. Filstad, C. & Karp, T. (2018, 5. Investigation management Norway in 2011, incident mana- oktober). Ville ikke vært det foru­ nal development? 3. Police culture. What kind of september). Enten må politiet Terje Aaserud & gement work was put on the ten. Foredrag på samling for Jon -André Nilsen During the field studies, seven agenda and it was decided that police culture does the police få mer penger, eller så må stabssjefer, Gardermoen. ambisjonen og tempoet i re- investigation leaders in a “new” all police districts should take reform face, and how do we The project focuses on police Hoel, L. A. & Lillevik, M. (2018, formen senkes [Meninger]. police district were followed part in the PHS programme. The create a balance between investigation leadership (e-mana- oktober). Evaluering av stabs- og Dagbladet. Hentet fra ht t p s:// through a hermeneutic approach. Department for Continuing Edu- using the existing culture gement) in criminal cases seen in lederutviklingsprogrammet ved www.dagbladet.no/kultur/ Data have been collected through cation and Post-Graduate Studies and practice and the estab- the light of the interaction with PHS. Foredrag på samling for eks­ enten-ma-politiet-fa-mer-pen- interviews, observation, timeshe- at PHS was commissioned to lishment of new practices in prosecution management. The terne samvirkeaktører, Stavern. ger-eller-sa-ma-ambisjone- project aims to examine investi- ets and joint seminars to test peer map, assess and recommend a accordance with the commu- ne-og-tempoet-i-refor- gation leadership practice, focu- learning. new concept for incident mana- nity police reform. men-senkes/70169891 The project began in autumn Evaluation and implementation of sing on quality and development. gement training. The new Staff Publications 2018: Filstad, C., Karp, T. & Glomseth, 2015 and the field studies were the Community Police Reform In short, the project aims to look and Leadership Development Borge, B. H., Filstad, C., Olsen, R. (2018). How police leaders Cathrine Filstad (BI / professor II more closely at what investigati- carried out in 2016. The material Programme was developed and T. H. & Skogmo, P. Ø. (2018). learn to lead. Policing: A jour­ PHS) (Project Leader), Trude H. on leaders actually do, the gene- was analysed and processed in established in 2014–2015. Diverging assessments of nal og Policy and Practice. Olsen (UiT), Elin A. Nilsen (UiT) & ral terms and conditions of their 2017. This project is an evaluation of learning organizations during https://doi.org/10.1093/police/pay043 Publication 2018: Tom Karp (Høyskolen Kristiania) reform implementation. The work, and what being the leader the new programme, and the Karp, T., Filstad, C. & Glomseth, Nilsen, J. A., Aaserud, T. & 6 Learning Organization, 25(6), of a police investigation really report from the first evaluation is The main focus areas of this rese- R. (2018). 27 Days of Filstad, C. (2018). Learning 399–409. https://doi. org/­ involves. Key questions in the published in the “PHS Research” arch project are: Managerial work in the police how to lead police investiga- 10.1108/TLO-02-2018-0024 study are: series in both Norwegian and 1. Leadership (both change service. Police Practice & tions. International Journal of English. In 2018, the extent to management in general and Filstad, C. (2018). Hvordan poli- Research. https://doi.org/10.10 • What is an investigation Police Science & Management, which the concept ‘experiential specifically implementation tiledere lærer å lede. 80/15614263.2018.1526682 ­leader? 20(3), 185–195. of the Community Police Politiforum, 109(9), 40-41. Hentet fra https://www.poli 6 Hoel, L. & Barland, B. (2017). Store endringer kommer på kattepoter: Evaluering av Stabs- og lederutviklingsprogrammet ved Reform), learning and devel­ Politihøgskolen (PHS Research 2017:2): Oslo: Police University College.

52 53 Field Training officers’ attitudes pose of police (higher) education. From hidden violence to policy in ”Gender policing” and “crime der expression, use of public space lies in the hetero-normative stru- on tutoring police students The article about this study will practice: focus on the growth of policing”: a queer-theoretical and trust in the police. cture of our society. Linda Hoel be published in European Journal refuges in the 1970s and 1980s, analysis of LGBTQI persons’ By using an approach based on and its significance for current experience of hate crime This study examines the role of of Policing Studies in 2019. the queer theories of Michel Fou- The extent to which exposure to understanding of domestic the Norwegian field training Henning Kaiser Klatran cault, Judith Butler and Steven information before an exercise violence officers (FTO) as they see it, and Preventive measures aimed This study examines the experi- Seidman, the project attempts to affected the students’ use of Solgunn Eidheim what they regard as important to at vulnerable young people ences of LGBTQI (lesbian, gay, show how hate crime towards force in the execution of the teach police students attending Tina Handegård & The study examines negotiations bisexual, transgender, queer and LGBTQI people cannot be under- exercise. in-field training. In Norway FTOs Charlotte Ryen Berg which took place between intersex) persons have with hate stood purely as a breach of law. Nils Morten Larsen, Joshua M. crime. Hate crime is defined as Phelps & Alf Børre Kanten are lower rank police officers, The project, which deals with women’s refuges and the authori- On the contrary, it is argued that criminal acts committed against (Bjørknes Høyskole) many of them newly graduated preventive police work in ties during the 1970s and 1980s. hate crime against this group is an people because of their actual or This study examined whether from The Norwegian Police Uni- inter-disciplinary and inter-agen- The negotiations were conducted expression of “gender policing”, presumed ethnicity, religion, exposure to certain types of versity College (NPCU/PHS). The cy collaboration, is in its closing on many levels, and highlight the i.e. enforcement of hetero-norma- sexual orientation or functional information can affect the FTOs interviewed in this study, phase. An academic article based dilemmas that arise when the tive expectations of gender, and ability. The study is based on 15 behaviour of police students in a talked about police work as a on the data will be published in same organisation both creates how these sanctions act as a way in-depth interviews with LGBTQI training situation (procedure for bodily practice, and subsequently 2019. A chapter in an academic policy and provides practical of disciplining expressions of body people who believe they have holding down/not holding the teaching and learning were anthology with the title Barn og services. and gender. It is a paradox that been exposed to various crimi- down). Before the exercise the body-oriented. The analysis unge i midten was published by The examination of the nego- the police, who are themselves nal, hate-motivated acts. students were asked to read one shows that reflection upon poli- Gyldendal Akademiske in Febru- tiations has two parts: one focu- bearers of hetero-normative The in-depth interviews exa- of three texts which described cing in-field is ‘inward-looking’. ary 2018. ses on negotiations between refu- values, have the task of “crime ges and welfare authorities, the mine to what extent the infor- policing” which also involves san- methods for handling an aggres- The study situates this focus as an Publication 2018: example of the FTOs’ ‘identity other deals with negotiations mants perceived the criminal acts ctioning “gender policing” in sive person. The students were Handegård, T. B. & Berg, C. R. work’ as resistance to the instituti- between the refuges, the police they believe they have been expo- cases where a possible violation of also exposed to various degrees (2018). Politiets forebyggende and political authorities and the sed to as hate crime. The project the Criminal Code have occurred. of stress. The project was onal requirements related to hig- innsats i tverrfaglig og tverre- aim of bringing about prosecuti- also looks at whether or not the Even if it is the job of the police to completed in 2018. her education. The coming article tatlig samarbeid. I B. ons. The project will also exami- informants chose to report the about the study discusses how the Johannessen & T. Skotheim combat crime and provide Publication 2018: incident to the police, and what purpose of in-field training and (Red.), Barn og unge i midten: ne the significance these types of security in the community, an Larsen, N. M., Phelps, J. M. & the purpose of higher police edu- Tverrfaglig og tverretatlig ar­ negotiations have had on our explanation they give for their exaggerated belief in the police’s Kanten, A. B. (2018). I hvilken cation entail an ‘identity tension’ beid i barn og unges oppvekst understanding of victims of vio- choices. An important part of the ability to combat crime against grad eksponering av informa­ which may result in a salient pro- (s. 279-308). Oslo: Gyldendal lence and how we handle study deals with the kind of con- LGBTQI people risks overs- sjon i forkant av en øvelse på­ blem regarding a common and Akademisk. domestic violence today. sequences their experiences have hadowing the fact that the true virket studentenes maktbruk i holistic understanding of the pur- on their feelings of security, gen- cause of this kind of hate crime øvelsesgjennomføringen.

54 55 Hentet fra http://hdl.handle. bust’s work on this project is Capturing data on and mapping Control of capital Papers 2018: Flaatten, S. (2018, august). More net/11250/2563530 funded by PHS. adapted interviews (previously Sverre Flaatten Flaatten, S. (2018, april). Borger­ than just desert? White collar ’judicial examination’) Presentations 2018: The economic crisis in Europe lig skyld og begrenset ansvar: crime and EU after the economic crises. Neoliberalism and crimi- Implementing the Nordic Myklebust, T. (2018, februar). Trond Myklebust has resulted in new EU regula- Bedragerier og aksjeloven. Regu- nal law, Universitetet i Bergen, Barnehus Model: Characteristics Utdanning av politiavhørere i de This annual survey of police tory and control measures, lering og kontroll av kapital, Bergen. and Local Adaptions nordiske landene. NOVA og Justis- practice in connection with speci- known as the Financial Regulati- Institutt for offentlig rett, Univer- Trond Myklebust og beredskapsdepartementets ally adapted interviews of chil- on (FR). The EU Financial Regu- sitetet i Oslo, Oslo. Flaatten, S. (2018, august). Polic­ ing Capital: The decriminalization The Research Department, fagseminar om barnehus, Oslo. dren in cases where there is sus- lation is a hybrid regulatory and Flaatten, S. (2018, mai). Kontroll control system which also inclu- of business failure and the Norwe­ represented by Trond Myklebust, Myklebust, T. (2018, juli). The picion of violence and/or sexual av kapital: Et nytt prosjekt. des criminal justice measures. gian securities law of 1910. Inter- is participating in a Network of Nordic Barnahus-Model. The abuse has been carried out since Norske rettshistorikerdager, Uni- The EU is attempting to establish national workshop on the history Nordic researchers examining international Investigative Inter- the scheme of extrajudicial inter- versitetet i Oslo, Oslo. views of children began in 1994. a secure and reliable framework of commercial law - approaches the Nordic model of using “chil- viewing Research Group Annual Flaatten, S. (2018, juni). Decrimi­ The data provide a quantitative for the finance sector through and methodological challenges, dren’s houses” in cases where Conference, Porto. nalizing creative destruction: overview of the judicial examina- control and transparency – a Universitetet i Bergen, Bergen. violence and/or abuse against Business scandals and the securi­ children - and also against men- tion)/the adapted interviews framework which in turn will Flaatten, S. (2018, august). Øko­ Charting values ties laws of the late 19th century: which have been carried out, and contribute to economic growth. nomisk kriminalitet: Sure rogne­ tally-impaired adults - are suspe- in different types of policing The case of Norway. Business and is used in a series of analyses, The Financial Regulation could bær og strafferettens strategiske cted. Contributors from all the the Law, Universität Bayreuth, Jens Erik Paulsen reports and academic articles. potentially have a strong impact utgangspunkt. Gjesteforelesning Nordic countries have written an Bayreuth. anthology which forms part of This project charts values that During the past few years, the on the work on economic crime. Økokrim, Oslo. Flaatten, S. (2018, juni). Maske­ NOVA’s research programme on are important in the various Childrens Houses, the Police The project ”Control of capital” ballet: Når selskaper brukes til violence, funded by the Ministry types of police work. The study is Directorate and the Research examines the consequences of lovbrudd. Gjesteforelesning of Justice and Public Security. first and foremost based on inter- Department at PHS have been this regulation on the control of Økokrim, Oslo. The anthology gathers research views with nine experienced collecting data. In order to co-or- economic crime in society. from all the Nordic countries on police officers, whose main areas dinate the data capture, a wor- the ‘children’s house’ model, and of work are police patrols, crime king group led by the Police Dire- illustrates how these houses prevention and investigation ctorate was set up in 2017 to contribute to the children, who (three from each area). The aim develop a consistent set of statis- have been exposed to violence of the project is to use these tics covering all the work of the and abuse, being cared for in a insights to improve police educa- Childrens Houses. The work on better way. It also discusses tion at all levels, both Bachelor mapping the Norwegian adapted issues around the potential and beyond. interviews under the auspices of PHS is continuing. prob ­lems of the model. Mykle- Foto: Kai Spurkland

56 57 Criminology in a nutshell NTNU in Gjøvik articles, book chapters and theology, the history of ideas and collections linked to the key rese- Data from this project have Paul Larsson Inger Marie Sunde monographs. It also gives infor- political and literary science. The arch question– the last one in also been used in the anthology “Kriminologien i et nøtteskall” is a The police have established a mation on the PHS library ser- aim of the work on the project is December 2014. This has made it Politireformer: Idealer, realiteter, book project which will be publis- collaboration with the Center for vice, which can help those who to contribute to new knowledge possible to build up a database on retorikk og praksis (Sørli & Lars- hed by Gyldendal during 2019. Cyber and Information Security are interested in studying these on the historical premises for the the relationship between the son) published in 2018. The book will provide basic (CCIS) at the Norwegian Univer- publications to obtain them. The emergence of various public insti- police and the public over time, knowledge on perspectives and sity of Science and Technology column has been running since tutions in the Nordic countries which is especially interesting The police as theories in criminology, update (NTNU) in Gjøvik on the investi- April 2018. after 1815. because it coincides with consi- a learning organisation classical theories, and contribute gation of cybercrime. The colla- Publication 2018: Heivoll and Flaatten publis- derable changes within the police Linda Hoel & Bjørn Barland to bringing this academic field boration involves separate rese- Sunde, I. M. (2018, 13. mai). hed the book Rettslige overgangs­ organisation. The survey was Studien bygger på data fra en into the 21st century. arch projects, with Professor Formidling etter skreddersøm, former in 2017. The project will designed in a way that made it evaluering av Stabs- og lederutvi- Sunde as contact person. There is la oss gå i dialog! Politiforum. finish with an anthology in 2019. possible to make comparisons klingsprogrammet ved PHS7. I Value-based also an experience-based Mas- Hentet fra https://www.politi- This will be the end-product of with the citizen surveys carried dette prosjektet ser man nærme- methodology in policing ter’s degree programme on data forum.no/artikler/formid- work which was begun in 2016. out by the police and the surveys re på hvordan ledere på ulike Jens Erik Paulsen security and cybercrime. The ling-etter-skreddersom-la-oss- on attitudes to the police in the nivåer (politimester, stabssjef og ga-i-dialog/437289 The objective of this study is to target group for the programme The police and the public European Social Survey 2010. operasjonsleder) forstår begrepet develop an appropriate methodo- is public sector employees in the Marit Egge, Jon Strype & One of the topics dealt with is ‘erfaringslæring’, og diskuterer logy for value-based policing. Nordic countries who work with Freedom of information and Gunnar Thomassen the general public’s attitude to funnene i lys av Dewey’s teori om The method has been tried out the investigation of cybercrime. speech in the Nordic countries The project began with a dual combating terrorism. This was erfaringslæring. Videre vil studi- and developed in the Occupatio- Sverre Flaatten & Geir Heivoll purpose. First it aimed to exami- measured at three different points en kunne si noe om erfaringslæ- of time (2012, 2014 and 2017). nal Ethics study programme at News from PHS Research Flaatten and Heivoll’s work is ne how people’s attitudes ringens betingelser i politiet som Data from the project “Bevæpning PHS in Oslo. Inger Marie Sunde part of the project “Offentlighet towards the police were affected organisasjon. by the police efforts in connecti- eller ikke bevæpning: Et forsk­ Paulsen previously participa- “News from PHS Research” is a og ytringsfrihet i Norden”, which Artikkel med arbeidstittelen on with the acts of terrorism in nings ­basert grunnlag i avgjørel- ted in the project at two interna- regular column in Politiforum, is a collaboration between the «A lesson to learn? A study of how 2011; and second to take a closer sen om bevæpning av norsk poli- tional network workshops in the members’ journal of the Nor- Faculties of Law Humanities The- various police leaders understand look at the very concept of trust. ti”, which examined whether or 2015 and 2016. wegian Police Federation. Its aim ology at the University of Oslo, the concept of ‘learning from Beginning in 2011, data have not Norwegian police should be Papers 2018: is to reach out to the police ser- the National Library and the experiences» er under arbeid. been collected through a total of permanently armed - specifically Paulsen, J. E. (2018, april). Val­ vice with regular information National Archives of Norway and five questionnaires. There have the part of the project that invol- ues -Based methodology in polic­ about new research publications an associated Nordic research also been two more limited data ved the public - have been used. ing. Presentasjon på konferansen from PHS. The column comments network. The researchers repre- Applied methods in ethics, on doctoral theses and other peer sent many different academic disciplines, such as history, law, 7 Hoel, L. & Barland, B. (2017). Store endringer kommer på kattepoter: Evaluering av Stabs- og lederutviklingsprogrammet ved NTNU, Trondheim. reviewed material such as Politihøgskolen (PHS Forskning 2017: 2). Oslo: Politihøgskolen.

58 59 The role and work are Senior Research Fellow Nina naire which was previously used 1920, when continuing educati- Participants in this project are affects the health of individual of the police in a digital world Sunde and Professor Inger Marie by Moralfoundations.org under on became available in Schwen- current and retired staff from officers. The concept ‘good health’ Inger Marie Sunde Sunde. The book is due to be the leadership of Professor Jonat- sens gate to council-employed PHS and the police. The project is many-faceted. The degree of The role and work of the police in published in the first half of 2019. han Haidt (New York University). constables. The courses lasted period is 2018–2021. ‘good health’ in this project will be a digital world – “digital poli- The questionnaire has been three months and took 24 con- examined by looking at the fol- cing” – is a priority area for PHS Police students: Student translated into Norwegian and is stables at a time. Today there are Professional development lowing factors: fitness, maximum and includes work in the fields of satisfaction and learning currently being tested. The first around 2000 police undergra- through socialising and strength, body composition, blood research, education and develop- outcomes pilot study has been carried out, duates, and around 3000 police experiences pressure, sleep quality, diet and ment. The research deals with Jon Strype and work is under way to review officers receive continuing edu- Linda Hoel & Erik Christensen quality of life. Mental strength topics in the possible conflict This project examines how police the tool and the design of the cation every year. (Nord universitet) will also be charted. Increased zone between on the one hand students perceive their own study actual study. The study is being The aim of the project is to The theme of the project is “How knowledge in this field will be the expectation of a reasonable situation. Data for the project are carried out (as far as Paulsen is consolidate, develop and commu- do the police students experience advantageous to police education, degree of efficiency in preventive provided by the student barome- concerned) as an extension of the nicate knowledge about police in-field training? A study with a and will contribute to our under- and investigative police methods, ter of the Norwegian Agency for project “Charting the moral chal- education in the past, present and special focus on students’ experi- standing of how to reduce the and on the other the requirement Quality Assurance in Education lenges of police students during future. The purpose is partly to ences with the role of the tutor possible increased strain of shift to uphold the rule of law and (NOKUT) for the period 2014– the work placement year”. increase the understanding of police officer”. work for each individual. recognise fundamental rights. 2018. Results from the project A follow-up study of the year what police education means for Work is currently under way The project period is 2017–2021. The interdisciplinary research will be published as articles in group that returned from B2 (in the police and for society, and on an article with the working group “The police in a digital journals and as a report in the August 2018) was carried out in partly to reinforce the shared title “It became so easy: Police Reforms in the police world” was established to sti- series PHS Research. 2018. This led to adjustments of identity of colleagues as police students’ experiences of develop- Paul Larsson & mulate research in this field. The project period is 2018–2020. some of the wording in the educators. The project is meant to ment under the wing and prote- Vanja Lundgren Sørli Members of the group are from questionnaire. stimulate research and develop- ction of the tutor”. This project has resulted in an PHS, the Faculty of Law and the The moral ment projects that will help to anthology about police reform. Faculty of Social Sciences at the perception of police students Police education – illuminate this field. The goal is to The effect of physical fitness, The book contains contributions th University of Oslo, and the NTNU Jens Erik Paulsen & Jon Strype 100 anniversary in 2020 develop short podcasts/videos on sleep, diet and quality of life on covering reforms in Norway, in Gjøvik. The research group is The purpose of this project is to Vanja L. Sørli (Project Leader), the development of the education, police shift work Scotland, England, Denmark and about to complete the anthology study whether – and if so, how – Randi L. N. Olsen, Evy M. as well as a book of stories where Espen Gjevestad (prosjektleder) & Sweden. Various aspects of Det digitale er et hurtigtog – Poli­ the moral attitudes of police stu- Frantzen, Marit Egge & Hjørdis the history of police education is Asle Makoto Sandvik reform are discussed: historical, documented through pictures, tiet i et digitalisert samfunn, dents change during the course Birgitte Ellefsen The aim of the project is to increa- reforms in other public agencies, anecdotes, interviews and thema- which discusses various aspects of their work placement year The project marks the centenary se knowledge of how working and the more organisational tic chapters. The book will have a of the work of the police in the (B2). For this purpose we have of state police education in Nor- rotating shifts on police patrol areas of the on-going police light of digitisation. The editors got permission to use a question- way. A lot has happened since broad scope.

60 61 reform in Norway. Several PHS and in many academic study pro- Story telling in the Police at PHS has contributed academic recordings, course literature and staff members have contributed grammes in Norway. The study Bjørn Barland input to, and an international observations of leadership in chapters to the anthology. provides a unique opportunity The project is an ethnographic overview of, ongoing research, as practice. Publikation 2018: for comparative analysis, and analysis of how storytelling con- well as input on interviewing and 24 students were enrolled in Sørli, V. L. & Larsson, P. (Red.) several articles have already tributes to how the police percei- the training of interviewers. autumn 2018. They met for a two- (2018). Politireformer: Idealer, been published. An anthology ve the carrying of firearms. The There is a desire for PHS to con- day gathering at PHS in Oslo realiteter, retorikk og praksis. edited by Tore Bjørgo with contri- project examines the degree to tinue its academic contributions before commencing the actual Oslo: Cappelen Damm butors from many European which storytelling is important to the project through its role in online course. Core groups of four Akademisk. countries is expected to be in the police in terms of creating the iIIRG steering group. people who were to co-operate published in 2019/20. consensus in difficult political Paper 2018: during the course were established at the gathering. One Recruitment, education and a cases. The project aims at fin- Myklebust, T. & Oxburgh, G. of the three work requirements career in the police: A European Shutting down the open drugs ding out which stories form the (2018, november). How can scene in Bergen: Police action which has to be fulfilled before comparative and longitudinal basis for the majority of police audio -visual recording help pre­ the students can take the exam is study (RECPOL) Evy Frantzen officers having changed their vent torture, undue compulsion to observe leadership in practice. Tore Bjørgo (C-REX / professor II The study is based on fieldwork minds on firearms since 2011 and false confessions. Experien- The students wrote a note on PHS), Marie-Louise Damen, Gunn­ with police patrols in Bergen in – from being against to being for ce-sharing Conference, Paris. ar Thomassen & Pål Winnæss connection with the closing of carrying arms. what they had observed, and how they could understand and Using questionnaires, this study Nygårdsparken and the subsequ- The course “An analyse the observations based on follows police students through ent relocation of the drugs scene Universal Standards for Non- introduction to police leadership” the theory linked to the module. three phases: when they start there. The main focus has been Coercive Interviewing and Ragnhild Holm & Emma Villman The note was then handed to the their course, when they graduate, on studying the working methods Procedural Safeguards (ph.d. -student ved Universitetet i participants in the core group and three and (possibly) six years and the ethical perspective of the Trond Myklebust Helsinki) before an obligatory Skype- into their professional career. police officers’ communication In 2016, the former UN special Holm and Villman have meeting. In this way, theory and This enables us to understand with and treatment of severely rapporteur on torture, Juan E. developed the course “An intro- practice were linked and how the police students’ attitu- addicted drug users, but also Mendez, presented his report to duction to police leadership”, discussed. des, values and views in terms of more generally of “down and the General Assembly. This led to which is worth 10 ECTS credits, the profession are shaped by outs”. the initiation of a process to and which was completed for the their studies and their encoun- Paper 2018: develop a universal set of stan- first time in autumn 2018. The ters with working life. The study Frantzen, E. (2018, oktober). dards for interviewing methods, course involves a variety of stu- is being carried out in several Hunting drug users with a new with the emphasis on human dent activity in the form of comp- European countries with diffe- gaze of the police. Foredrag for rights. Through the iIIRG-net- letion of papers linked to video rent systems of police training, Akademie der Polizei, Hamburg. work, the Research Department

63 Increasing and Retaining the Proportion of Academic Staff with Research Competence

Research is currently being car- committee. The Research Depart- out in the various educational ried out in all academic depart- ment is responsible for the Mas- departments at PHS. All staff in ments at PHS. Senior lecturers ters programmes at PHS, thus permanent teaching positions on the undergraduate and securing the link between Masters are entitled to time for R&D post-graduate programmes have degrees and research. every three years, and are obli- 25% of their time allocated to A strategic goal for PHS is to ged to complete research and research, but may apply to the improve the framework conditi- development work every five R&D comm­ittee to increase this ons for academic staff. Facilitation years. Since 2012, staff in Senior percentage. University college through the FIKS-project (see Lecturer posts have been entit- lecturers with no research time p.??) and qualifying groups (see led to 25% R&D. may apply to the committee for p.??) constitute a part of this. In The R&D committee at PHS time to undertake R&D projects, 2017–2018 a separate Research allocates resources for one acade- or to complete a PhD. Management Programme was mic year at a time. In 2018 it allo- The Police University College carried out, which included a cated resources corresponding to also has its own Research Depart- focus on framework conditions. nine man-years. The majority of ment, where staff have a larger funds were allocated to senior proportion of time allocated to The R&D committee lecturer qualifying and PhD pro- research and are therefore not Both research and development jects. It is a declared goal for PHS entitled to apply to the R&D work shall at all times be carried to increase the proportion of staff

65 with senior lecturer competence, Luther Handegård, Associate ing police reform in Norway that • Contribute to research aro- arch field. The methodological Marie Sunde and vice-chairs are and a number of university colle- Professor Steinar Fredriksen, established expert knowledge on und the development of the perspective is multi-disciplinary postdoctoral researcher Guro ge lecturers have been granted Senior Lecturer Hugo Hansen, reforms is not being taken up. role and societal work of the and ranges from phenomenologi- Flinterud and Senior Research R&D resources in order to attain Associate Professor and Research They further show that the police in the context of police cal philosophy to practical poli- Fellow Nina Sunde higher qualifications. Fellow Kristina Kepinska Jakob- knowledge base of the develop- reform(s). cing, emphasising e.g. the theore- The police operate in an ever In the winter of 2018, the sen, Associate Professor Vanja ment of the police is not questio- • Contribute to research aro- tical, psychological and ethical more complex and changing R&D committee granted funding Lundgren Sørli, Head of Depart- ned. This means that important und police legitimacy, exe- dimensions in police examinati- world. Technological develop- to 10 PhD projects. Five staff ment Per-Ludvik Kjendlie, Head questions around the reformed cution of power and trust in on methods. The purpose of the ment affects the safety of our members qualifying to become of Department Haavard M. Rek- role and tasks of the police are the context of police research is to further develop society, the extent and geograp- Senior Lecturers were also gran- sten and Vice Principal Tor Tanke not asked, discussed or resear- reform(s). theory and practice related to hical reach of criminality, and ted R&D resources. In addition, Holmm, who heads the commit- ched. How are the role and tasks • Establish collaboration with investigation strategies, intervi- police tools and methods. The the R&D committee granted tee. Senior Advisor Bodil Stabell of the police changing? How does external research environ- ew methods, decision-making, police must therefore “continuo- resources to 12 different research Haug is the committee secretary. the police as a controlling and ments that carry out research psychological factors, treatment usly develop their ways of wor- projects. The period also witnes- preventive organisation develop? in fields linked to our own. of informants, quality dimensi- king and be prepared and equip- sed a wide range of themes both How is the role of the police in Publication 2018: ons, standardisation and profes- ped to meet the unexpected” in the PhD and research projects; Research groups protecting society’s democratic Sørli, V. L. & Larsson, P. (Red.). sionalisation, work ethic, miscar- (Strategy 2017–2021)8. The however what they all in their processes and emergency prepa- (2018). Politireformer: riage of justice and human rights, focus of this research group is on various ways have in common is The research groups at PHS were redness affected? How are trust Idealer, realiteter, retorikk og among others. the production of knowledge that they are directed at the established in 2016, and are now in and the legitimacy of the praksis. Oslo: Cappelen Dam The group’s members repre- which can contribute to a good police and policing. well under way. One of the obje- police affected? These are all akademisk. sent two locations (Stavern and development of the police at a In the academic year 2018– ctives of the groups is to strengt- important questions that need to Oslo), and thus link the Bachelor time when both basic values and 2019 the R&D committee also hen the academic environment at be answered. The research group Police examination methods studies with the Continuing Edu- human rights, national juris- granted funding to one newly PHS across the various depart- Police Reform asks and carries The group is led by Police Superin­ cation programme on investigati- diction and legal safeguards are established research group, in ments and locations. Many of the out research on questions about tendent Ivar Fahsing on. The group also has external challenged by global sensor and addition to the eight that were groups are now working on con- the development, design, imple- This research group focuses in collaborating partners, including communications systems, artifi- already established (more on crete projects. mentation and consequences of particular on basic research on the Faculty of Law and the Nor- cial intelligence and an omnipre- these below). All the research police reforms, which are not police investigation methods in wegian Centre for Human Rights sent Internet. groups are presented on the PHS Police Reform asked or researched in other aca- order to establish increased (both at University of Oslo). This is an interdisciplinary website. Group led by Associate Professor demic arenas. transparency, clarity and met- research group which looks at all In 2018 the R&D committee Vanja Lundgren Sørli The objectives of the research hodological development in a The police in a digital world aspects of policing in society. The consisted of Professor Paul Lars- It is clear from the terms of refe- group Police Reform are that is somewhat closed and new rese- The group is led by Professor members are from PHS, the Uni- son, Associate Professor Tina rence which regulate the on-go- shall: 8 Police University College [2016]. Strategi 2017-2021. Oslo: Police University College.

66 67 versity of Oslo (the Faculties of society and the blurring of the bute to the development of the- is vital for the development of This an interdisciplinary resear- • National Defence University, Law and Social Sciences), and distinction between proactive ory by discussing empirically organisational leadership and ch group focusing on operational Washington D.C., USA. the NTNU/Gjøvik. Many of the and reactive police methods have based knowledge. The goal is knowledge production. Further policing in the area of public • Physical Medicine and Rehabi- researchers also participate in not been given the attention they re-conceptualisation and theore- development of the usage poten- order and emergency prepared- litation Clinic, Kysthospitalet, international research projects. deserve in the field of police tical innovation. The research tial of these data registers is an ness. Areas of research include Stavern (Vestfold Hospital). investigation. There is therefore group will invite external partici- extension of the methodical pio- stress, stress mastery, perception, • Regional centre for Research Changing police methods a need for a new conceptual and pants – both researchers, acade- neering work in police science, situational awareness and under- and Education in Forensic The group is led by researcher theoretical framework in order to mic police staff and practitioners which some projects at PHS have standing, tactics, decision-ma- Psychiatry and Psychology, Siv Rebekka Runhovde gain a better understanding of – to discuss empirical findings in already initiated. king, simulation in training, Bergen • Bjørknes University College, The role of the police is changing. this shift in police work. the light of this. This group is a meeting place arrest techniques, sport, physical Oslo. Traditionally, crime prevention Questions which will be dis- for researchers and practitioners fitness and health, as well as • London School of Economics and investigation have been cussed in the research group are: Police registers (PolReg) who use police registers as data requirements and capacity analy- and Political Science, London, separate areas. Today it is expec- • How is the blurring of the Group led by Associate Professor sources in their work, and resear- sis of operative personnel. England. ted that the police are on top of distinction between preven- Johanne Yttri Dahl chers from different institutions. One long-term aim is that the things and work both proactively tion, intelligence and investi- The purpose of the research The group includes members group will help to create a strong Police law and society and reactively on many different gation empirically manifes- group, PolReg, is to (further) from PHS, the Central Bureau of research environment for operati- The group is led by Associate Pro­ types of crime. This requires the ted in police practice? develop the potential for using Statistics, the University of Oslo, onal police work which may con- fessor Sverre Flaatten police to have knowledge about • How can hybrid forms of data from the police’s own regis- Oslo Metropolitan University, the tribute to developing PHS into a The aim of this research group is public disorder and potential police strategy be under- ters for research purposes. Norwegian Institute of Public leading, interdisciplinary research to reinforce and develop research crime which is being planned stood, and what distinguis- The are several police regis- Health, Oslo Police District and institution in fields directly rela- at PHS at the intersection of the and is being committed. In this hes them from the more tra- ters, such as STRASAK, BL, the Police Directorate. ted to operational policing. police, the law, society and his- connection, intelligence, proacti- ditional types of policing? eDNA, PO, Indicia, AFIS and The research group facilitates At the end of 2018 the group tory. The research is focused on ve investigation and crime analy- • What are the implications of AGENT, which contain data interdisciplinary and inter-agen- had a total of 16 members. The the police and the work of the ses become greatly important. a possible shift, both on a representing an exciting and cy collaboration in a field which majority are from PHS, but there police, and on the role of the Technological development and practical level and in relation relatively little used source for will contribute to knowledge and are also external members from police in society as one of the the digitisation of society also to legal questions? researchers. Data from these knowledge development relevant other organisations. The group’s pillars of a democratic, consti- pose fresh challenges for the It is the aim of the research group registers can contribute to to the police, police science and external collaborating partners tutional state. In addition to police. to examine the practical and nor- opening so-called “black boxes”, criminal policy. are: regular meetings, the research Dilemmas and questions mative consequences of the shift i.e. areas where systematised • The Operational Psychology group convenes seminars, works- which arise in connection with in police work, as well as any knowledge is missing, and thus Operational policing Research Group at the Faculty hops and lectures. the use of new methods of poli- dilemmas and questions which contribute to gaining important The group is led by Associate Pro­ of Psychology, University of The group is responsible for cing, the new role of the police in arise. The ambition is to contri- insight into police practice which fessor Asle M. Sandvik Bergen. arranging the annual lecture

68 69 series “The Oslo Lecture in Poli- dent level and is not linked to a PULS seeks to become a meeting ch-based elucidation of students or Positions and Research Mana- Liv Finstad, Senior Advisor Kath- cing and Society”. In December particular research project. The place for researchers and practiti- and teaching activities at PHS is gement (BALANSE). Alongside rine Berg, Associate Professor 2018, Professor Tom Tyler of Yale areas of research comprise all oners who use police educational extremely relevant for the this, three “professorship quali- Nina Jon, Police Inspector Gisle University gave a lecture on poli- parts of the public sector and research as a knowledge base in development of the quality of fying groups” (one of the measu- Skoglund (until spring 2017) and cing and procedural justice. The include studies of national and their work. The research group police education and thus also for res outlined in the application) Director of Studies Knut Evensen group also arranges an annual international policing. also has the potential to become the police force, the legal authori- were established in the autumn (from autumn 2017). Professor internal seminar. The topic of the The group conducts research an important network and ties and society in general. of 2014. Annick Prieur of the University of 2018 seminar was “Etteretnings- and development on the police as knowledge centre for police edu- During the period 2015–2018, Aalborg was also a resource per- doktrinen” (the Intelligence a profession, its organisation and cators who work with pedagogi- the PHS bid for the Norwegian son in the project. Haavard M. Doctrine). In 2019 the theme will how this is managed. The aim is cal qualifying frameworks in Qualifying groups Research Council-supported pro- Reksten, Head of the Research be integrity, freedom of speech to increase knowledge about their teaching. ject “Building competence to Department was responsible for and whistleblowing in the police. factors affecting the actual work The courses at PHS are unique retain competence/Fix the sys- the project. The steering commit- of the police, from their educati- and specific to police work. PHS The projects tem and achieve unique instituti- tee was formally headed by the Organisation and management on programmes and to police has a selected student group, and “FIKS” and “FIKS ferdig?” onal goals” (FIKS) was accepted Principal of PHS and in practice Group led by Associate Professor officers as employees and leaders. there may be a need for specific PHS is working to increase the by BALANSE. The purpose of the lead by the Vice Principal. Linda Hoel and Professor Brita This includes knowledge about educational measures and proportion of academic staff with project was to improve the gen- In addition to the qualifying Bjørkelo police leadership in practice, teaching methods. Systematic senior lecturer competence, der balance in top positions (e.g. groups, the FIKS project included The research group consists of diversity, learning, career paths, research on police education and including increasing the number at professor level) and to introdu- arenas for knowledge sharing,

cultural understanding, professi- police students is necessary in of professors/senior lecturers in ce measuresSiden våren 2013directed har PHS hatt et særlig fokus på kjønnsbalanse i toppstillingerat i forskn-indi- allocation of R&D time, pre- researchers, staff qualifying as ing, ved blant annet søknader til NFRs program Kjønnsbalanse i faglige toppstillinger og forsknings ledelse (BALANSE). Parallelt med søknader om støtte ble det opprettet tre «pro- KOMPETANSE BEHOLDE Å FOR KOMPETANSE BYGGE FINSTAD LIV OG BJØRKELO BRITA fessorkvalifiseringsgrupper». Kjønnsfordelingen blant førstestillingsansatte ved PHS følger mønsteret innenfor UH-sektoren med relativt jevn kjønnsfordeling på PhD. og førsteamanu- ensisnivå og skjevheter på professornivå. I tillegg varierer andelen ansatte i førstestilling onal practice, development of order to meet both internal and general, and the number of fema- vidual researchers,mye ved PHS. manage- liminary and senior lecturers, Master and PhD I perioden 2015–2018 hadde PHS det NFR-støttede Balanseprosjektet «B for å beholde kompetanse/Fix the system and achieve unique institutional goals Formålet var å øke kjønnsbalansen i toppstillinger i forskning (professor). Aktivitetene om fattet kvalifiseringsgrupper, arenaer for kunnskapsdeling, fordeling av FoU-tid, før- og fullvurdering, kartlegging av forskningssystemet, utvikling av lokale kriterier for opprykk til professor, lederutviklingsprogram og kurs (f.eks. akademisk skriving og forskningsledelse). Brita Bjørkelo og Liv Finstad strategic competence and trans- external demands and expectati- le professors/senior lecturers in ment development at PHS,ygge kompetanse final evaluati- students at PHS, as well as indivi- I løpet av FIKS-prosjektet mistet PHS fire professorer (oppsigelse og/eller» (FIKS). Bygge pensjon), hvorav to kvinner. I samme periode fikk PHS tre nye profes- sorer (to kvinner og en mann). Det er derfor fortsatt en skjevforde- kompetanse for ling totalt, noe det jobbes videre med i nye Balanse-prosjekter. fer of this competence to new ons of research-based teaching, particular. PHS is a small univer- and knowledgeBrita Bjørkelo erdevelop professor og leder av forskergruppen - beholde kompetanse ons, mapping dual researchers from other, col- organisa ledet tidligere sjon FIKS-prosjektet.og ledelse ved Politihøgskolen. Liv Finstad er professor Hun initierte emer- og å ita ved Universi tetet i Oslo og deltar i Politihøgskolens arbeid «Fix the system and achi for å fremme kjønnsbalanse og forskningskvalitet. unique institutional goals contexts. This knowledge will i.e. teaching which is based on sity college, and the appointment ment in the policePolitihøgskolen gene- eve of the research, laborating institutions. Slemdalsveien 5 Postboks 2109, Vika 0125 Oslo Tlf: 23 19 99 00 » This is an interdisciplinary provide concrete contributions to “what research has shown leads of new staff and the number of rally. www.phs.no development of group. The members have both how the police can carry out their to good learning”. Research-based staff leaving greatly affect the In 2017–2018 the local criteria for practical and academic backgro- work in society, both nationally teaching presupposes that police gender balance. Since the spring FIKS project group promotion to pro- PHS Forskning 2018: 6 unds from the police, in psycho- and internationally. educators know who the police of 2013, PHS has been working consisted of Associate fessorship, mana- logy, sociology, political science, students are and how they learn with a strong focus on gender Professor Tina Luther PHS Forskning 2018: 6 gement develop- education, criminology, professi- Police education, learning – not only to enable them to solve balance in top research jobs, for Handegård (Leader), ment programmes onal practice, practical knowled- environment and students (PULS) problems, but also to live up to the example by applying to the Nor- Associate Professor Brita Bjør- and courses in for ge and economics. The research Group led by Associate Professor intention of lifelong learning as wegian Research Council pro- kelo, Professor Emerita Univer- example academic writing and group operates on an indepen- Marie -Louise Damen professional practitioners. Resear- gramme Gender Balance in Seni- sity of Oslo and Professor II PHS research management. The pro-

70 71 ject was completed with a confe- ments from academia this also gian Defence University College ties, and help with writing appli- Research. The understanding of on to this is that there is greater rence with national and interna- often includes co-writing and (FHS) was invited to participate cations for promotion to profes- and focus on the process of quali- focus on the “here and now” and tional participants. publication in languages other in the collaboration between sorship when the time is right. In fying for top academic positions the immediate future, and not on The results from the than Norwegian, for example KRUS and PHS on qualifying; addition to the group meetings, probably vary from department long-term research planning FIKS-project showed that during police-related journals in and in autumn 2018 four new one or two joint seminars are to department. As an institution, which implies “deeper thinking” the period in question, four pro- English. The main initiatives of professorship qualifying groups arranged every year. PHS must live up to the role of about the type of research which fessors have either applied for FIKS ferdig? were (1) to establish were established. 20 associate knowledge producer for depart- is important to PHS and the share and got other professorships or qualifying groups (including professors from PHS, nine from Results ments and directorates that want individual researchers should have retired. Two of these were writing courses) as a permanent FHS and three from KRUS parti- The goal of a general increase in and expect the work of resear- have in this. This problem is a women. Even if PHS during the offer to staff at senior lecturer cipate in these qualifying groups. the number of professors at PHS chers at PHS to include various clear challenge to the leadership: same period acquired three new level, and (2) to strengthen and Each of the groups had a has been reached, however the police initiatives. However, eva- How can we facilitate an environ- professors (two women and one support the local infrastructure group meeting during autumn goal of increasing the number of luations do not in themselves ment where researchers think man) there is still an overall gen- for research management. 2018, and the participants have women professors by a minimum contribute to pedagogical qualifi- creatively long-term about R&D der imbalance. Because PHS in the past few had the opportunity to participa- of three has not been achieved. cation. A review of the pre-as- work? These above-mentioned At the end of the FIKS-project, years has had three professorship te in a joint “Guided retreat” As already mentioned, PHS is a sessments (autumn 2016/spring structural and cultural conditi- an application was made for fun- qualifying groups and one docent supervised by Professor Annick small institution where minor 2017) appears to indicate that ons have to a large degree cha- ding from the Norwegian Resear- qualifying group which have also Prieur. The purpose of the groups changes can have big consequen- PHS-researchers conduct R&D racterised “daily life” at PHS, and ch Council programme “Varig been open to KRUS staff, the col- is to provide academic support ces for better and for worse, and projects and publish in ways that that is precisely why it is so virkning” (meaning ‘lasting effe- laboration with FIKS ferdig? was and motivation to the partici- the number of professors has are not necessarily conducive to important to work on internal ct’). Funding was granted for the extended to include the Norwegi- pants in their qualifying round, varied during the project period. promotion to professorships. structure, culture and leadership period May 2018 – October 2018, an Defence University College and to apply for promotion “at It has been harder than expe- There has also been an extensive at PHS. All these changes take and the project FIKS ferdig? was (FHS). Four new professorship the right time”. The aim is for the cted to increase the number of production of textbooks at PHS, time. At the same time, there are established. The project was qualifying groups and one docent groups to be an arena for develo- female professors. One of the something which is not normally many improvements at PHS due based on initiatives aimed at qua- group were established. ping an academic profile, and reasons for this is limited time for taken into consideration in the to FIKS. The project has contribu- lifying for professorship. Attain- clarifying how the research acti- research – many in the target qualifying framework. However, ted valuable knowledge about ment of professor competence vity is relevant to PHS/KRUS/ group have only 25% research there is clearly a demand for new underlying structures and cultu- requires publications, experience The Professorship Qualifying FHS and the police and correctio- time. But we also have to look for textbooks; they are absolutely ral processes which promote and of peer reviews, academic Groups nal services. Participants in the explanations in the distinctive essential to PHS and therefore prevent the proportion of profes- groups, increased collaboration, Led by Professor Emerita (Univer­ groups are given advice and institutional character of PHS. prioritised over peer-reviewed sors and docents at PHS. During joint applications and experien- sity of Oslo) and Professor II (PHS) support on research and publica- PHS comes under the Ministry of articles. Several of the Associate the period there has been an ces of larger research projects. Liv Finstad tion activity, organisation and Justice and Public Security, and Professors also lacked clear rese- increase in the number of women According to general require- In the spring of 2018, the Norwe- prioritisation of their own activi- not the Ministry of Education and arch plans. An obvious conclusi- applying for R&D funding, even

72 73 if the proportion of female appli- research and research manage- committee has been set up at PHS women at PHS as well as on recru- ning opened a senior lecturer hod, theory, writing process and cants is still considerably lower ment has progressed from with particular responsibility for itment policy. There also appears seminar at PHS in September by other challenges linked to the than that of men. The R&D attracting relatively little interest ensuring that the action plan for to be a need to strengthen the talking about the senior lecturer work towards a doctorate. In committee also appears to docu- from the line management to the work on diversity, including a quality and relevance of police and docent route, and he has addition to internal and mutual ment its assessments more syste- being in demand and greatly gender balance in senior acade- research, including by examining provided individual supervision peer work, the group also invites matically than previously. In valued. There is far greater mic posts, is followed up. PHS has and integrating gender perspecti- on the strategy for a promotion senior researchers to contribute addition, PHS is about to esta- knowledge and wider understan- also submitted a new application ves in R&D projects at PHS. application to one of the partici- with their expertise, e.g. in con- blish more systematic and ding of the importance of resear- to the Norwegian Research Coun- pants. There was no specific nection with final seminars for goal-oriented qualifying rounds ch to PHS by line management cil’s BALANSE-programme for seminar for the docent group in those in the final writing phase of both for the institution in general now , and they appear to be support to a project - FIKS MER - The Docent Group autumn 2018. their PhD work. and for the target groups in parti- genuinely engaged and inte- which deals with several of the Participants from PHS: Jai PhD group had four meetings Led by dosent Harald Jarning cular, and have entered into a rested – something which is abso- areas we need more knowledge of Ganapathy, Anders Lohne Lie in 2018, all of them in Oslo. A (University of Oslo) collaboration with KRUS and lutely vital in order to achieve the and more time to work on A detai- and Hugo Hansen. brief look at the 2018 meetings: PHS has for a number of years FHS, an exciting collaboration goal of a lasting gender balance led content analysis will have to Participants from KRUS: Bir- final reading of Heidi Fischer run a docent qualifying group in which in the long term may also in senior academic positions. be carried out in order to better gitte Storvik and Tore Rokkan.. Bjelland’s thesis (with Sverre co-operation with KRUS. Its lea- include research groups. PHS will continue the work in understand “why we were unable Flaatten as final reader/oppo- der since 2017 is Harald Jarning. Since autumn 2017 nine rese- order to achieve the goals of to do it”. This is of particular nent); guidance on searches for From autumn 2018, the Norwegi- arch groups have been establis- increasing the proportion of pro- importance at a small university The PhD Group and and handling of literature in an Defence College is also taking hed at PHS. This has happened fessors and docents and a lasting college where individual circum- their Doctoral Projects research work (by Camilla Pelle- part in this collaboration. In 2018 independently of FIKS and gender balance in senior acade- stances can make a big difference; grini Meling); the replication there were three participants Led by Associate Professor FIKS-ferdig, but is an important mic positions. A separate report an example of this is that the acti- crisis and pre-registration of pro- from PHS and two from KRUS. Jon Strype undertaking for the development for the FIKS project has been pro- vity level with regard to profes- jects (by Marthe Sakrisvold); and The seminars particularly All staff working on doctoral the- of research activity at PHS. In duced, which will form the basis sorship qualification is strongly information about the R&D concentrate on working with ses at PHS are members of this terms of a lasting gender balance of this work. The topic “Research affected by the number of candi- committee (by Tor Tanke Holm). examples of draft applications group – a total of 19 individuals it is particularly positive that five Management” will be followed up dates on parental leave. However, Defended theses in 2018: and the documentation required. at the end of 2018. The objective of the groups are currently led by and developed, and an e-lear- individual circumstances are also Thomas Dillern: Natural Science: It is useful for applicants who are of the PhD group is to offer a lear- young, female associate profes- ning-based introduction module about individual researchers A Human Practice - Expanding qualifying via the senior lecturer ning environment which will sors. As an arena for pedagogical to research management will be “responding to” or “living up to” the horizon of established prac­ and docent route to familiarise stimulate and support work on qualification , the research developed. The qualifying groups implicit expectations from the tice. Nord Universitet, 15. mai themselves with such examples the doctoral dissertations. This is groups have a potential which are continuing, and the research authorities and their own mana- 2018. Hentet fra: ht t p s:// of documentation and applicati- done through text seminars and will grow in importance. The groups will constitute a new gement. More knowledge is www.nord.no/no/aktuelt/ ons. In 2018 the group held a discussions about relevant topics greatest bonus for PHS is that arena for the work. A diversity needed on the early careers of kalender/Sider/Disputas- seminar at PHS in February. Jar- such as the thesis statement, met- Thomas-Dillern.aspx

74 75 Hjørdis Birgitte Ellefsen: Importance: software which will need to The project is funded by PHS, dren living with abuse and negle- racterised by constitutional, Politiens politikk og politik­ 1. LDF research is important due be thoroughly tested. the Department of Justice and ct. The study aims to shed light democratic and liberal principles. kens politi: Norske politirefor­ to the increasing use of Public Security and the Police on the important aspects of the The project examines a selection mer i perioden 1682-1866. encryption and cloud techno- Facing Complexity: Police Directorate. Bjelland defended work of the police, and the aim is of police reforms, starting with Universitetet i Bergen, 7. logies. This means that tradi- officers’ reasoning and response her thesis in January 2019. to further define and develop this the establishment of the First desember 2018. tional forensic techniques are to human trafficking Publication 2018: practice. Office of the Chief of Police in Hentet fra: https://www.uib. PhD candidate Heidi Fischer Bjel­ Paper 2018: Denmark-Norway in 1682 and no/nye-doktorgra- no longer fit-for-purpose. This Bjelland, H. F. (2018). land. Institute of Sociology and finishing with the reform of 1866 der/122305/politi-og-politikk work seeks to explore the Conceptions of success: Edvardsen, O. (2018, september). forensic deployment of LDF. Social Geography, Faculty of Soci­ Understandings of successful Vold mot barn, og hvordan barne­ when the police was established al Sciences, University of Oslo. as a specialised institution to 2. Existing discussions centre policing of human trafficking. hagelærere kan møte barn i slike PhD projects at PHS maintain order and security and on the forensic soundness of The project examines the work of Policing: A Journal of Policy situasjoner. Foredrag på Avdeling The projects are presented alpha- and Practice. https://doi. to prevent and investigate crime. LDF techniques. In parti- the police in the field of human for lærerutdanning, Barnehage- betically according to the resear- org/10.1093/police/pay073 The research question is “What cular, it is difficult to align trafficking. The aim of the project lærerutdanningen, Nord univer- ch fellow surname. Unless other- characterised the earliest forma- LDF with the «ACPO Good is to examine how the Norwegian sitetet, Bodø. wise stated, the projects are fun- tive development of the police in Practice Guide for Digital police deal with the global Encounters with children who live ded by PHS. Norway, and what was the relati- Evidence» and the «G8 Pro- phenomenon of human traf- with domestic violence. Police The politics of police and the onship between the police and posed Principles For The ficking and what challenges this experience of handling public police of politics: Norwegian Creation and Evaluation of LDF ever-changing area of crime pose disorder – a phenomenological police reforms 1682-1866 politics?”. The question is exami- Testbed Software (CELTS) Procedures Relating To Digi- for local police organisation. study PhD Candidate Hjørdis Birgitte ned by means of text analysis Ph.d. candidate Ulf Bergum. Can­ tal Evidence». This research Using analysis of interview, and PhD candidate Oddbjørg Edvard­ Ellefsen. Institute of Archaeology, from extensive source material terbury Christ Church University, seeks to provide a clear ans- internal police investigation and sen. PhD programme in Professio­ History, Culture and Religion (laws and regulations, parliamen- Canterbury, England wer to how LDF can be per- prosecution data, the study looks nal Practice Studies, Nord Uni­ (AHKR), the Faculty of Humaniti­ tary proceedings, newspapers, Research questions: formed in a forensically at practices linked to identificati- versity. es, University of Bergen. public investigations and political • Is there a method of evaluat- sound manner in line with on, investigation and prosecution The project examines police This project deals with the police and academic publications). ing the effect of LDF tools on law enforcement guidelines. results in reported cases of practice in encounters with chil- and politics. The historical condi- The thesis was submitted for system RAM? 3. Discussions around forensic human trafficking. In addition, dren who are exposed to tions which led to modern poli- assessment in July 2018 and • Is it possible to recreate the soundness of the techniques, the study examines inter-agency domestic violence. The study has cing are studied by analysing how defended by Ellefsen on 7 state of RAM prior to a LDF complexity and sophistication and multi-disciplinary collabora- a particular focus on what the police was debated and refor- December 2018. examination? of the LDF tools themselves tion in the area of human traf- officers experience in the course med between 1682–1866. This Publications and papers 2018: • Is there a method to compare make the area particularly ficking and the potential co-ordi- of their work – both in terms of was a period when the state chan- Ellefsen, H. B. (2018). Politiens the performance of LDF tools rich in terms of further rese- nation difficulties that may arise the challenges they face and ged from an absolutist autocracy politikk og politikkens politi: in terms of accuracy and arch. The research will also as a result of such collaboration. what has been helpful for chil- to a constitutional monarchy cha- Norske politireformer i memory footprint? result in a substantial piece of

76 77 ­perioden 1682-1866 This ph.d. project explores the main research question is how the Limitless criminal correction As a result of this, the authorities theories on prisoner treatment, (Doktoravhandling). Hentet role of the police and local rules on jurisdiction affect police facilities? On prisoner treatment, decided to change the prison inter-agency and inter-professio- fra http://bora.uib.no/hand- policing / community oriented investigations of criminal acts cross-professional collaboration drugs policy, and in the period nal collaboration and user parti- le/1956/18744 policing in relation to preventing committed on anonymous and the participation of 2007–2013, 13 drug counselling cipation. incarcerated substance users in Ellefsen, H. B. (2018). Tidenes violent extremism. Historically, networks and whether the traditi- units were established in Norwe- Publication 2018: politireform? I V. L. Sørli & P. Norwegian drug counselling units states have to a large degree onal understanding in internatio- gian prisons. Here substance abu- Helgesen, J. H. I. (2019 / Pub. Larsson (Red.), Politireformer: Senior Research Fellow Janne H. I. reacted to terrorism and violent nal law of sovereignty and terri- sers are offered treatment and online 29. november 2018). Idealer, realiteter, retorikk og extremism with «hard power» tory can be maintained during Helgesen. Department of Crimino­ rehabilitation to give them skills Drug counselling behind the praksis (s. 37–55). Oslo: responses such as intelligence, investigation on the TOR-network logy and Sociology of Law, the and better ability to cope, which prison wall: staff responses to Cappelen Damm Akademisk. surveillance, punitive measures when the police do not have con- Faculty of Law, University of Oslo. again will provide greater auto- collaborative challenges. Ellefsen, H. B. (2018, april). Nær­ and militarized interventions. crete knowledge of a website’s The PhD project investigates how nomy, agency and control of their Nordic Journal of Criminology, politireformen i et historisk per­ This project sheds light on the location. the new drugs and crime policy is lives. The aim of the drug coun- 20(1), 54–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.201 spektiv. Stor-Elvdalseminaret, more «soft» policing methods An important aim of this being implemented in Norwegian selling units is to change the way 8.1550244 Lokalsamfunnsforeningen, aiming at building trust and doctoral project is, by using sour- prisons. In the past 20 year an imprisoned drug abusers were Stor-Elvdal. increasing the cooperation ces of law theory, to analyse and increasing number of rehabilitati- previously treated; new forms of Ellefsen, H. B. (2018, oktober). between citizens and the police. identify the rules of international on measures have been introdu- organising and collaboration are Terrorists and Targets Voldsmonopolet i et historisk per­ The project is funded by PHS and law enforcement for virtual juris- ced for substance users in Euro- important instruments to this Senior Research Fellow Cato Hem­ spektiv. Debattmøte, Norsk krimi- NUPI. diction and the right of the police pean prisons. The measures are end. This is thought to affect the mingby. University of Stavanger nalistforening, Oslo. to conduct investigations on ano- explained by the need to do work of prison officers, social wor- The project is a study of target selection by terrorists and the Ellefsen, H. B. (2018, november). Police Detectives on the TOR- nymous networks. something about the increase in kers and staff in specialised health factors that influence the decisi- Politiutdanningens historie. Med- network: A Study of Tensions Paper 2018: substance abuse and health pro- services, as well the prisoners’ Between Privacy and Crime experience and the effect of their on-making of such actors in their lemsmøte, Norsk politihistorisk Hegna, J. W. (2018, desember). blems among prisoners and to Fighting prison sentence. choice of physical targets in an selskap – NPHS, Oslo. Etterforskning på internett og deal with the crime dimension, at Senior Research Fellow Jeanette The aim of the project is to gain operational context. virtuell jurisdiksjon. the same time as demonstrating Westlund Hegna. The Faculty of care. Substance users in Norwegi- further knowledge which can be The study consists of three Legitimacy and Trust: Police– Foredrag på seminar i Nedre law, University of Oslo. an prisons have over the past few used to create better correlation main parts. The first part pre- Community Relations in Romerike Tingrett. The topic for this doctoral thesis is decades been given increased between ideals and reality in sents a theoretical and methodi- Preventing Violent Extremism virtual jurisdiction on anonymous rights to welfare services, howe- drugs and crime policy. The fin- cal model as an approach to the Ph.d. candidate Ingvild Magnæs networks. Hegna examines the ver despite this it was established dings from interviews and obser- research question. Based on this Gjelsvik. Department of Political international legal frameworks in the early 2000s that they neith- vations are discussed in the light approach, the second part provi- Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, for virtual jurisdiction in investi- er got the help they needed nor of political discourse on crime des an analysis of Anders University of Oslo. gations on the TOR-network. The that to which they were entitled. policy, organisational theory, Behring Breivik and the attacks of 22 July with particular emp-

78 79 hasis on the planning phase and police forces in other countries. focuses especially on how to set An analysis of technological Myhre Lie. The Department of Cri­ model of the dialogue police’ his decisions related to the actual The research question is “How do up and conduct interviews in a neutrality as a starting point for minology and Sociology of Law, the create a new framework for the targets. Finally, in the third part, Norwegian police train and exer- way that considers police and the administration of criminal Faculty of Law, University of Oslo. role of the police and the relati- there is an analysis of the target cise coercive force?”. The project judicial requirements as well as justice The topic for the study is dia- onship of the police and the preferences of militant Islamists will consist of three main parts. the mental state of the intervie- Senior Research Fellow Jul Fredrik logue as a method in the crime public. The guidelines for the operating in Western Europe. Part one will chart the extent of wee. The data material compri- Kaltenborn. Department of Public prevention work of the police. police empowerment conversati- The project is funded by the police use of physical force and ses: (1) video recordings of 20 and International Law, the Faculty Two models are examined close- on emphasise mutual dialogue as Ministry of Municipal Services coercive measures; part two will injured parties, (2) interviews of Law, University of Oslo ly: ‘the police empowerment con- an important element of the and will be completed in 2019. deal with police use of firearms; with the 18 investigators who The starting point that legislation versation’ and ‘the dialogue police role. This mutuality also and the concluding part will be a conducted the interviews, and shall be technologically neutral is model of the dialogue police’. covers the dialogue model of the How do Norwegian police train comparative study of the basic (3) interviews with the 20 inju- underscored by the introduction Both models have dialogue as a dialogue police. The new ideal is and exercise coercive force? firearms training in Norway and red parties. of laws governing crime and cri- main strategy of crime preventi- that crime prevention is no lon- Senior Research Fellow Steinar Vee New Zealand. This is part of a larger project minal procedure. The project on. ‘The police empowerment ger the preserve of the police Henriksen. PhD programme on The project is funded by the examining the effects of the legal analyses what is meant by regu- conversation’ is a structured form alone, but is a result of a negotia- risk management and public secu­ Ministry of Justice and Public process on the mental health of lations being technologically of conversation which is used by tion between the police and the rity, Faculty of Social Sciences, Security. the youth of Utøya, and is a colla- neutral, and the advantages and police when talking to young public, both about the nature of University of Stavanger. Paper 2018: boration between the Norwegian disadvantages of regulating cri- people under 18 who have the problem and about the right The overall goal of this research Henriksen, S. V. (2018, april). Centre for Violence and Trauma- minal justice in this way. committed a crime. “The dia- solution. This dialogue creates a project is to develop new and rele- Politiets konflikthåndtering. tic Stress Studies (NKVTS), PHS The project is funded by the logue police” is a special group common project between the vant knowledge about how the Seminar for Høyesterett, Oslo. and the Department of Crimino- Research Council of Norway and organised under the Section for police and the public. The aim of Norwegian police exercise coerci- logy and Sociology of law, Uni- is part of a larger research project Organised Crime in Oslo Police the project is to study how the ve force in general and the use of Interviewing the traumatised versity of Oslo. The project will led by the NTNU at Gjøvik. District. The mandate of the dia- police’s understanding of their firearms in particular. A further Senior Research Fellow Kristina be completed in spring 2019. Papers given in 2018: logue police is to prevent violen- role and professional identity is Publication 2018: ce and vandalism in connection affected by this new police role, goal is that this knowledge will Kepinska Jakobsen. The Depart- Kaltenborn, J. F. (2018, august). with demonstrations, and at the and how the public experience contribute to raising the level of ment of Criminology and Socio- Jakobsen, K. K., Stridbeck, U. & Teknologinøytralitet som mål i same time protect freedom of the desire on the part of the competence in operative policing logy of Law, the Faculty of Law, Langballe, Å. (2018). straffeprosesslovgivningen. Det Objektivitet i avhør: Avhør av speech. The idea is to prevent police for cooperation through programmes, and to a more University of Oslo. 14. nordiske prosessretts­møtet, fornærmede i straffesaker i violent demonstrations through dialogue. restrained use of coercive measu- The purpose of the project is to Tromsø. Norge. Tidsskrift for straffe­ res through relevant training. obtain knowledge which may dialogue and cooperation with The thesis will be written in rett, 18(2), 74–101. https://doi. those organising them. lead to a better understanding of org/10.18261/issn.0809-9537-2018- Dialogue in the police English in order to facilitate the ‘The police empowerment police procedures when intervi- 02-02 as a preventive method sharing of this information with conversation’ and ‘the dialogue ewing traumatised individuals. It Senior Research Fellow Elisabeth

80 81 Knowledge in a crisis: On the incident-led police work and how The aim of the project is to con- The core and outer limit of police comparative analysis of similar Military assistance to the police: formation of police command is this used? tribute to the literature on alibis. monopoly – privatisation and the countries; and (4) assessment of a study of legal framework centres and the application of The project will be completed More specifically, the aim is two- use of limited police authority opportunities for Norway in the conditions for military assistance knowledge in incident-led police in spring 2019 in the form of a pronged. First, based on a cogni- Senior Research Fellow Per Håkon future. The project will attempt to the police, with a special focus work (working title) on issues relating to the monograph. tive perspective on deception Sand. PhD programme in Law, the to clarify the content in the inter- conditions for such assistance Senior Research Fellow Jenny Papers given in 2018: detection, the aim is to further Faculty of Law, University of nal statutory provisions applying Maria Lundgaard. The Depart­ Lundgaard, J. M. (2018, januar). our understanding of the strate- Bergen. to police monopoly and limited Senior Research Fellow Kai Spurk­ land. Faculty of Law, University of ment of Criminology and Sociolo­ Fragments of presence: doing gies used by suspects providing The authority of the police, the police authority, and explain the Oslo. gy of Law, the Faculty of Law, Uni­ ethnography in the control rooms honest or deceptive alibis corrob- unified police force and the framework for various types of versity of Oslo. of the police. Being There: orated by witnesses. Second, the police-educated profession are civilian policing. It will also con- The project looks at the legal The project examines the Ethnography and the Study of aim is to take advantage of this today being challenged by priva- duct surveys of the extent and framework conditions for opera- formation of knowledge and Policing [konferanse], University knowledge and work on strategic te actors outside the police and type of civil policing and limited tional assistance by the Norwegi- decision-making processes at of Liverpool, Liverpool. interviewing methods that might civilian personnel with only limi- police authority in Norway. The an armed forces to the police. police command centres. The improve veracity judgements in a research will clarify whether the Such assistance to the police has Lundgaard, J. M. (2018, juni). ted police authority. To put it methodical basis for the study is case-by-case basis. policing activities are organised at times been controversial, both Hver dag, og når som helst: bluntly, the police monopoly is in ethnography and data from in accordance with the regulati- in legal and political terms - from Politiets operasjonssentral og Papers given in 2018: the process of being eroded at the fieldwork at several Norwegian ons, and shed light on the extent the 19th century peasants’ revolt beredskapsdiskursen. PHS’ Lefsaker, M., Mac Giolla, E., edges by private actors and hollo- and Scottish command centres, of resources available in the dif- via the Menstad conflict, other forskningskonferanse, Oslo. Luke, T. J. & Granhag, P. A. wed out by personnel who have ferent areas. The project will looking at the role and mandate (2018, juni). Honest and deceptive been granted only limited police inter-war industrial conflicts, and Lundgaard, J. M. (2018, septem- then undertake comparative ana- of the centres both in day-to-day alibi statements: The effect of weak authority. the Alta conflict in 1979–1981, to ber). Police control room practices lyses of similar countries, which operational police work and as vs. memory-enhancing interview The overall research question the debate on the role of the mili- in a time of preparedness. EURO- will be included in an overall part of police contingency techniques. Annual Conference of is whether the resources availa- tary in the aftermath of 22 July CRIM Conference 2018, Sarajevo. assessment of opportunities and systems. The most important the European Association of Psy- ble to the various disciplines of 2011 and other recent terror atta- appropriate future solutions in questions raised in the project chology and Law, Turku. police monopoly are used in an cks. There is little direct regulati- include what shapes and Honest and deceptive alibi appropriate manner. The project Norway. Regulations will be revi- on in Norwegian law on this Lefsaker, M., Mac Giolla, E., preconditions the interpretations, witnesses: The strategies they deals with this question in four ewed and discussed using doctri- topic. One provision in the Con- Luke, T. J. & Granhag, P. A. decisions and assessments made use and the consistency of their sub-sections: (1) rules and nal legal methodology, and sur- stitution (Article 101 third secti- stories (2018, juli). Examining the use of by the centres? What roles do practice in the areas of police veys will be conducted using on) and a relatively new regulati- weak vs. memory-enhancing inter­ technology and different Ph.d. candidate Marthe Lefsaker monopoly and private policing; quantitative methods. Finally, on in Article 27a of the Police Act view techniques with honest and relationships play in the work of Sakrisvold. Department of (2) rules and practice in the area assessments pertaining to legal provide direct regulation of this deceptive alibi witnesses. The the centres? What kind of Psychology, University of of limited police authority; (3) policy will be undertaken issue. In addition there is a regu- iIIRG 11th Annual Conference knowledge is produced in Gothenburg. lation (‘the Assistance Instructi- 2018, Porto.

82 83 on’) which provides further Mentality and decision-making ch within this scholarly tradition within a criminal investigation participatory observation, intervi- Becoming a police officer: Class, details on certain aspects of such processes in police operations has over many years been aimed enable mitigation of errors and ews and document analysis. The culture, identity (working title) assistance. Many issues either Senior Research Fellow Kristin at the development of procedu- protection of the rule of law? data collection takes place in sele- Senior Research Fellow Pål remain unregulated or are poorly Stenshol. Department of Psychoso­ res, tools and technologies. The cted special units, police districts Winnæss. The Department of regulated in the above-mentio- cial Science, Faculty of Psychology, digital forensic detectives’ (DFD) Organised or economic crime? and public agencies outside the Criminology and Sociology of Law, ned provisions. The thesis will University of Bergen. role has not been devoted signifi- The significance of police police service. the Faculty of Law, University of organisation and competence Oslo. therefore attempt to chart the The project looks at potential cant attention from researchers. The project is funded by the The project seeks to find answers other regulations, principles and connections between mentality This project will build on social Senior Research Fellow Annette Research Council of Norway to what it is that shapes police considerations that come to and decisions made in police ope- science, decision-making psycho- Vestby. The Department of Crimi­ Publications and papers in 2018: students, and how they shape determine the degree to which rational situations. The project logy, and digital forensic science. nology and Sociology of Law, the Vestby, A. (2018). Policy-making themselves on their journey the military may assist the police. has three parts: The first exami- The project will seek to advance Faculty of Law, University of Oslo. without politics: Overstating The thesis deals with four main the theoretical understanding on towards a professional career in nes mentality of police students What do the supervisory author­ objectivity in intelligence-led research questions: how digital evidence is construc- the police. The project examines in operational situations. The ities’ institutional configurations policing. I H. O. I. Gundhus, • What are the police tasks that ted, and how the human and what types of student choose a second part looks at connections of organised and economic K. V. Rønn & N. R. Fyfe (Red.), can be executed with assis- non-human entities influence the Moral issues in intelligence-led police education, and their iden- between ways of thinking and crime look like, and how do tance from the armed forces? end result. Key subjects in this policing (s. 265–282). London: tity management during their decisions in operational work. these affect the choice of cases • In what situations can the respect will be how objectivity Routledge. studies at PHS, both in practical The plan for the last part of the and procedures? police request help from the and reliability is understood police work and in their spare study is to use findings from Empirically and analytically the Vestby, A. & Vestby, J. (2018, armed forces? among the DFDs in Norway. time – in other words among the parts one and two to test a plan boundaries between economic august). Machine learning and the • What kind of assistance can Based on this knowledge, the students themselves, between for mental training in the group and organised crime are not crys- police: Asking the right questions. the armed forces provide to project aims at describing the students and teachers, in inte- in question. tal clear. This project explores EUROCRIM Conference 2018, the police? normative challenges with trans- raction with practicing police police operations in areas with Sarajevo. • How should this assistance be parency concerning the objecti- officers and in other social scena- elements of both these crime cate- Vestby, A. & Vestby, J. (2018, carried out? The digital forensic detectives vity of the DFD and the reliability rios that the students are part of. role in construction of digital gories. How do the supervisory juni). Machine learning and the of the digital evidence at stake. Presentation in 2018: The thesis will first and foremost evidence authorities’ understanding of the police: Asking the right questions. This will form a new basis for analyse the current legal situati- problem affect the strategies and Young Nordic Police Research Winnæss, P. & Damen, M.-L. Senior Research Fellow Nina further discussions and research, on, but will also touch on the poli- methods that are chosen? Are Network Seminar, Oslo. (2018, august). Learning to Sunde. The Department of Crimi­ empirical as well as normative. tical aspects of such assistance. there any signs of change in the become a police: Understanding nology and Sociology of Law, the The research question is: To The project is funded by Oslo relationship between police ope- learning and job preferences of Faculty of Law, University of Oslo. what degree may an understan- Police District and PHS. rations that take place before and Norwegian police students in a Digital forensics is a branch wit- ding of the DFDs role in how the after a crime has been commit- comparative perspective. EURO- hin forensic science. The resear- digital evidence is constructed ted? Data is collected through CRIM Conference 2018, Sarajevo.

85 The senior lecturer group The Senior Lecturer Group work in the Senior Lecturer connections between theory Led by Senior Lecturer Tore Rok­ held three meetings in 2018: two Group. Several of the partici- and practice. kan, University College of the one-day meetings in March and pants are working on one or more • Karsten O.F. Ingvaldsen: The Norwegian Correctional Service July and a two-day meeting in research and/or development educational basis for the (KRUS) September. At the September projects in addition to the work teaching of sociology. meeting, the Deputy Director at on their academic profile and The Senior Lecturer Group is an • Maya Brenna Nielsen: Digital PHS, Tor Tanke Holm, and Dean potential promotion application. arena for academic staff at PHS learning resources. Kjersti Hove (KRUS) talked about Group participants and their and KRUS wishing to be promoted • Maren Ingjerd Skjelbredalen prioritisation of R&D and about projects: to senior lecturer. The group mot- (on leave). the qualification rounds at the • Kjersti Eckblad: From practi­ ivates and supports academic staff two institutions. Harald Jarning cal pedagogy to pedagogy in • Vidar Skogvoll (KRUS): Work in their research and development (Department of Educational practice. on an academic profile work and their aim of applying for Research, University of Oslo) also document. promotion to senior lecturer. The • Ragnhild Holm:Interneta -b ­ talked about changes in the seni- • Per Christian Granheim aim of the group is also to be a sed solutions. or lecturer qualifying rounds and (KRUS): The prison officer, resource in the development of • Anne Kathrine Hagen: about the Underdal Committee’s qualification route and their academic profile document Supervision and assessment. proposal to change the qualifica- profession. and applications to senior lectu- • Ole Ragnar Norheim Jens- tion criteria. In addition to mee- reships, and a forum for sharing sen: What characterises the tings in the Senior Lecturer experiences of such processes. motivation for physical exer­ Group, some of the group’s parti- The group meets 3–4 times a year cise and activity levels of Nor­ cipants took part in a “guided for lectures, introductions and wegian police students? retreat” (a writing course) with discussions on relevant topics Annick Prieur, under the auspices • Turid Lund Lydersen Lund: linked to the promotion process of the FIKS-ferdig? project. Arena for critical reflection? and senior lecturer competence. Prior to the autumn of 2018 • Charlotte Ryen Berg: Participants are also expected to the group was led by Associate Knowledge-based police work present their own completed and Professor Linda Hoel (PHS). in the new police organisation. developing work. The intention is Senior Lecturer Tore assumed for the group members to be • Cecilie Torvik: Evaluation of the leadership in August 2018. resources for each other, and the the extended assignment on The list of the participants and group leader to provide individual operational service in the their projects below does not give feedback and supervision betwe- work placement year: How to an exhaustive overview of their en the meetings. create meaningful

86 87 Being a clear and active communicator of knowledge in academia and the police/judiciary, and an active participant in social debate

In the PHS strategy for 2017– communication at PHS has been sed fields, and to demonstrate its 20219 there is still a focus on done in CRIStin, which is a competence both to society in knowledge communication in common research information general and the judicial sector in academia and the police/judicia- system for the health sector, the particular. Academic staff there- ry. The importance of being an research institute sector and the fore have a particular responsibi- active participant in social debate higher education sector in Nor- lity to participate in the public is also emphasised. Registrations way. One of the most important debate and to contribute input in CRIStin (Current Research objectives of CRIStin is to gather that can lead to better decisions Information System In Norway) the registration and reporting of and assessments. provide information about publi- research activity within the three Table 1 below shows a small cations and papers produced by sectors in a common system. increase in the registered number PHS staff in 2018. The chapters of lectures given in academic, “Reported Publications” and Academic and police-related and popular scien- “Reported Conference Contribu- professional lectures ce circles in 2018. As in previous tions and Academic Presentati- years there is reason to believe ons” give a detailed overview. PHS aims to be an active and that the number of lectures given Since 2011, registration of all clear leader and communicator in is considerably higher than what types of publications and the social debate in its speciali- is registered in CRIStin. The

9 Police University College [2016]. Strategi 2017-2021. Oslo: Police University College.

88 89 main focus at PHS is still to regis- Figures for media contributi- tered different types of media Academic and profes­ publications in 2018 were a little long time. It is therefore difficult ter as comprehensively as possi- ons in previous years are contributions in CRIStin018, and sional publications lower than in 2017. However, it is to say whether any increases or ble all written, credit-bearing incomplete, and have been gathe- the registered number has almost important to remember that reductions from year to year are work; however there is also a red in different ways (for further doubled since 2017. Table 2 shows the number of work completed in one calendar genuine. Only by looking at the strong wish that oral presentati- details, see previous editions of reported written works in 2018 year is not necessarily published development over a longer period ons also be registered in CRIStin Research at the Norwegian Police by the type of publication repor- in the same year since the actual can we form a correct picture of in order to illustrate the diversity University College). Again in ted in CRIStin. The number of publishing process can take a the level of “production” at PHS. of activities at the college. 2018, some staff members regis-

TABLE 2. ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS PER YEAR, PHS 2010–2018.

TABLE 1. NUMBER OF CONFERENCE PAPERS, POSTERS AND MEDIA CONTRIBUTIONS PER YEAR FROM PHS (2010–2018). Type of publications 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Academic monographs 1 2 1 2 1 2 8 3 3 Type of activity 201010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Academic chapters 7 12 16 7 10 17 17 20 21

Articles in professional journals 15 16 26 15 28 21 32 41 18 Academic lectures 3 56 65 68 33 29 49 39 46 Anthologies - - - - 2 4 6 4 2

Textbooks/academic literature – 4 1 7 3 2 3 4 5 Academic/popular – 48 46 41 66 6511 64 92 85 Professional/popular science science lectures articles in books, journals and 14 7 9 12 12 13 21 15 1913 encyclopedias

Opinion pieces, editorials etc. – 8 9 13 22 17 17 9 18 Posters 3 5 – 7 3 1 - 1 1 Total reports in CRIStin14 13 3 10 7 6 6 4 11 15 PHS Research15 7 4 7 3 4 4 - 516 6 400 142 153 Media contributions – 89412 - - 12 23 (estimate) (CRIStin) (estimate) Doctoral theses 1 2 2 1 2 0 2 4 2

Master dissertations 1 1 2 1 4 2 3 1 1

Total number of works 59 59 83 68 88 88 114 112 102

13 Including «Short communications» 10 Large number of unrecorded entries due to inadequate reporting routines. 14 Number of reports written by PHS staff. 11 54 registered in CRIStin + 11 other reports. 15 In the series PHS Research, reports may also be written by non-PHS staff. 12 1 = review in article/interview. 16 4 unique publications and 1 report in both English and Norwegian versions.

90 91 The greatest change from 2017 to Publication points arch and Research Policy at Aar- in 2018. It does mean, however, with the points divided between back to 2013 to find a lower num- 2018 is a halving of the number hus University, commissioned by that publication points before and the three credit-bearing publicati- ber. The number of publication of published academic articles. It Publication points are calculated Universities Norway (UHR) in after 2015 are not completely on types in CRIStin. As shown in points in 2018 was also considera- is difficult to say what has caused based on the type of publication 2013. In 2014, the evaluation was comparable. Table 2, the number of academic bly lower than in 2016 and 2017. this fall; however in a relatively and the level of the publication followed up by UHR Publishing In Table 3 we present the total articles is roughly halved in relati- small research environment it channel. An academic mono- who drew up a new system of number of publication points, on to 2017, and we have to go may partly be explained by indi- graph – that is to say a book with calculating publication points at viduals who normally publish institutional level. This has been one author – provides five points TABLE 3. TOTAL PUBLICATION POINTS DISTRIBUTED ACCORDING TO PUBLICATION TYPE, PHS (2011-2018).. many articles during a year if it is published by a “level 1 in force since 2015. The calculati- having published fewer than nor- publisher”, but eight points if it is on criteria for joint publication Publication points 2011 2012 2013 2014 20151* 2016 2017 2018 mal in 2018 - or they have left. At published by a “level 2 publis- were also changed from the start PHS such variations manifest her”. The number of monographs of the reporting year 2015. The themselves very clearly. The published by an institution will new calculation method is inten- Monograph 10 5 13 5 10 39,2 12,07 15 number of opinion pieces have therefore give good results in ded to be more academically doubled from 2017 to 2018, a terms of the number of publicati- neutral and to further facilitate Anthology article with/ISBN 4,15 10,7 4,55 5,52 11 11,3 14,06 13,9 sign that staff at PHS have active- on points awarded to the insti- academic publishing across insti- ly taken part in the social debate. tution. An article in a journal tutions and countries. The insti- In 2018, six reports in the written by a single author and tutions are still required to share Journal article with/ISSN 12,58 18,33 9,70 15,62 19 24,8 39,26 15,32 series PHS Research were publis- published in a “level 1 journal” publication points where several hed. The reports were in the main gives one point, while an article institutions are linked to a publi- Total number of publication 26,73 34,03 27,25 26,14 40 75,3 65,39 43,22 linked to the completion of proje- in a “level 2 journal” gives as cation, but the new calculation points cts. The number of reports will much as three points. Where method helps to reward collabora- vary from year to year, but it is still there are several authors, the tion by giving all collaborating * New model for calculating publication points from 2015 the case that we would like our number of points are shared bet- partners more publication points staff primarily to publish in the ween them. for their contributions than they The number and academic level As shown in Table 2, we have the to 2018 was mainly due to fewer journal Nordisk politiforsk­ning (or The change in how publication did with the old model (up to and of published monographs are the same number of monographs at articles in professional journals. other credit-bearing publishing points are calculated was introdu- including 2014); international two single factors that most level 1 in 2017 and 2018. The fall channels) whenever possible. The ced after an evaluation of Norwe- collaboration provides more strongly affect publication points. in publication points from 2017 reporting series PHS Research gian publishing indicators17 by the points than national collaborati- does not provide publication Danish Centre for Studies in Rese- on. PHS benefitted from this also points.

17 Aagaard, K. (2014). Evaluering af den norske publiceringsindikator. Aarhus: Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University.

92 93 Open access to tiations have been conducted assessment was voted down by research18 based on the following principles: the Norwegian parliament. • Open access to articles with In order to meet the growing It is the aim of the Government corresponding authors from demand for payment of an article that there should be open access Norway at the time of publi- processing charge (APC), PHS Reported publications to all publicly funded Norwegian cation. established a publication fund in academic articles by 2024. The • Open access shall not increa- 2017 in order to be able to main objective is to move from se the total cost of the agree- support publication in peer- having to pay to read articles ments. reviewed open access journals in through subscription to having • Complete transparency on the Directory of Open Access to pay to publish articles with licencing terms, costs and Journals (DOAJ). The fund did open access. business models. not grant any support in 2018 Unit (the Directorate for ICT • Permanent access to contents since none of the applications and Joint Services in Higher Edu- published in subscription received met the criteria set by Academic monographs Sørli, V. L. & Larsson, P. (Red.) Ask, K. & Fahsing, I. A. (2018). cation and Research) negotiates journals the college. Heivoll, G. (2018). Lovens lange (2018). Politireformer: Idealer, Investigative decision mak- and administrates agreements on • Movement towards agree- arm?: En studie av politibetjen­ realiteter, retorikk og praksis. ing. I A. Griffiths & R. Milne behalf of 44 Norwegian research ments where costs are linked ters rolle som rettshåndhevere. Oslo: Cappelen Damm (Red.), The Psychology of crim­ institutions (universities, univer- to the volume of publishing Oslo: Cappelen Damm Akademisk. inal investigation: From theory sity colleges, research institutes at Norwegian institutions. Akademisk. to practice (s. 52–73). London: and health trusts). Since the “Plan S” – a declaration from the Holmboe, M. & Myhrer, T.-G. Routledge. Government national goals and European Research Council Chapters (in academic (2018). Vandel: Om politiattes­ anthologies) Bjørgo, T. & Silke, A. (2018). guidelines in 2017, Unit has nego- (ERC) on 4 September 2018 – ter og vurdering av skikkethet. Andresen, A. H. & Jon, N. Root Causes of Terrorism. I A. tiated with, among others, Elsevi- states that all results of research Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. (2018). Responding to needs Silke (Red.), Routledge er, concerning an agreement to funded by national and European Larsson, P. (2018). Organisert of higher analytical compe- Handbook on Terrorism and secure open access to articles research councils must be publis- kriminalitet. Oslo: Pax Forlag. tence in the police: Master Counterterrorism (s. 57–66). published by Norwegian resear- hed in journals or via open access programmes at the London: Routledge. chers. At the time of writing, the platforms from 1 January 2020. Norwegian Police University Bjørkelo, B. (2018). Leading and Academic anthologies parties have not reached a new “Plan S” has been met with a College. I C. Rogers & B. managing interaction under agreement. great deal of scepticism in many Fyfe, N. R., Gundhus, H. I. & Frevel (Red.), Higher educa­ risk in the police: What may In order for the transition to research environments. The Rønn, K. V (Red.). (2018). tion and police: An be some of the underlying Moral issues in intelligence-led open access to succeed, the nego- demand for a Norwegian impact International view (s. 181– conditions for learning from policing. London: Routledge. 196). Cham: Springer. experience?. I G.-E. Torgersen 18 Information taken from https://www.openaccess.no/ and https://khrono.no/

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Hva er Gimse rat og kontraproduktiv strate- Digitalisering og endring ut- Book review blem-miljoene-bestar-nesten-uteluk- Ytringsfrihet, monstre og vel- sjokkert over? Glåmdalen. gi. Miljøkrim : tidsskrift for kende-av-voksne/1251264 fordrer lederrollen og lederes Flaatten, S. (2018). Jørn mente påminnelser. miljøkriminalitet, 21(2), 19– mulighet til å opptre med Sørli, V. L. & Larsson, P. (2018, Jacobsen: Hagerup og den Filstad, C. & Karp, T. (2018, 5. Politiforum. Hentet fra https:// 22. Hentet fra http://hdl.handle. klokskap. Dagens Perspektiv. 5. desember). strafferettslege ansvarslæra. september ). Enten må politiet www.politiforum.no/artikler/ytringsfri- net/11250/2581556 Hentet fra https://www.dagensper- Nærpolitireformen tvinger het-monstre-og-velmente-paminnel- Tidsskrift for strafferett, 18(1), få mer penger, eller så må spektiv.no/2018/klokskap-og-leder- fram endring av politiets idea- Solhjell, R. (2018). Etnisk mino- ser/429737 61-68. ambisjonen og tempoet i re- skap ler. Politiforum. Hentet fra ritetsungdommer og deres formen senkes [Meninger]. Skarpenes, N. & Sjøvold, H. S. Glomseth, R. (2018, 16. august). https://www.politiforum.no/artikler/ erfaringer med politiet. Fokus, Dagbladet. Hentet fra https://www. (2018, 11. januar). En ny poli- naerpolitireformen-tvinger-fram- Doctoral theses Er ledere født sånn eller blitt (3), 11-13. dagbladet.no/kultur/enten-ma-politi- tihøgskole bør bygges i Oslo. endringer­-i-politiets-idealer/452791 Dillern, T. (2018). Natural sånn? Dagens Perspektiv. et-fa-mer-penger-eller-sa-ma-ambi- Aftenposten. Hentet fra https:// Science: A Human Practice - sjonene-og-tempoet-i-reformen-sen- Hentet fra https://www.dagensper- www.aftenposten.no/meninger/de- Expanding the horizon of es­ Encyclopedia entries kes/70169891 spektiv.no/2018/er-ledere-fodt-sann- batt/i/WLq62G/En-ny-politihoyskole- Reader contribution tablished practice Solhjell, R. (2018). Denis eller-blitt-sann bor-bygges-i-Oslo--Nina-Skarpenes- Barland, B. (2018). Fortellinger Filstad, C. & Karp, T. (2018, 6. (Doktoravhandling). Nord Mukwege. I Store norske leksi­ Glomseth, R. (2018, 26. septem- og-Hans-Sverre-Sjovold om doping og kroppskultur. september). Politiet venter... Universitet, Bodø.

100 101 Ellefsen, H. B. (2018). Politiens Bjørkelo, B. & Finstad, L. (2018). Politihøgskolen. Hentet fra http:// metodenes prediktive validitet POLITI? SOM EGNET SKOGLUND HILDING TOM politikk og politikkens politi. Bygge kompetanse for å behol­ hdl.handle.net/11250/2492749 ved PHS sin egnethetsvurde­

Norske politireformer i perio­ de kompetanse: Fix the system Larsen, N. M., Phelps, J. M. & ring (PHS Forskning 2018:1). Tom Hilding Skoglund

Politihøgskolen den 1682-1866 and achieve unique institutio­ Oslo: Politihøgskolen.Slemdalsveien 5 Egnet som Kanten, A. B. (2018). I hvilken Postboks 5027, Majorstuen 0301 Oslo Tlf: 23 19 99 00 www.phs.no POLITI (Doktoravhandling). nal goals. Sluttrapport for grad eksponering av informa­ Hentet fra http://hdl.handle. ? Universitetet i Bergen, FIKS -prosjektet ved sjon i forkant av en øvelse på­ net/11250/2501364 Bergen. Politihøgskolen (PHS virket studentenes maktbruk i Villman, E. & Bjørkelo, B. Forskning 2018:6). Oslo: øvelsesgjennomføringen. Oslo: (2018). Intern FOU analyse: Politihøgskolen. Hentet fra http:// Politihøgskolen. Hentet fra http:// Delrapport i FIKSPHS Forskning 2018:prosjektet 1 . Seleksjonsmetodenes Master dissertation NORSK PÅ prediktiveKRIMINALITETSFOREBYGGING SKJEVRAK ERICHSEN PERNILLE og RUNHOVDE validitetREBEKKA SIV ved hdl.handle.net/11250/2585202 Hva kjennetegner kriminalitets­ hdl.handle.net/11250/2563530 forebyggende arbeid i Norge? PHS sin egnethetsvurdering Oslo: Politihøgskolen. Denne rapporten presenterer norsk forskningslitteratur om forebygging Dulsrud, A. (2018). Passnekt av kriminalitet, men også forebygg ing av adferd og risikofaktorer der Egge, M. & Solhjell, R. (2018). kriminalitet på sikt er ett av flere ­ PHS Forskning 2018: 1 mulige utfall. Rapporten løfter fram Nordsletten, C. (2018). Hvordan hvilke strategier og metoder som etter passloven «Om politiets anvendes i det forebyggende arbei SIV REBEKKA RUNHOVDE og det på tvers av en rekke kriminali Parallellsamfunn: En del av tetsområder, sentrale utfordringer ­ PERNILLE ERICHSEN SKJEVRAK på feltet samt hva forskningen sier ­ adgang til å nekte pass utstedt kan bruk av teknologi i under­ når det gjelder direkte og indirekte Kriminalitetsforebygging effekter av kriminalitets ende arbeid. Rapporten identi­ forebygg­ den norske virkeligheten? fiserer dessuten kunnskapsunder på norsk visningen ha betydning for skudd på feltet ved å synliggjøre etter passloven § 5 tredje ledd områder hvor forsk ­ nali tets forebygg ning på krimi­ – En kunnskapsoversikt (PHS Forskning 2018:2). begrenset. ende innsats er bokstav b» (Masteroppgave). politistudenters læringsproses­ Oslo: Politihøgskolen. Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. ser. Oslo: OsloMet. Hentet fra Hentet fra http://hdl.handle. http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2501940 Politihøgskolen Slemdalsveien 5 Postboks 5027, Majorstuen TORE BJØRGO (RED.) 0301 Oslo net/11250/2498197 Tlf: 23 19 99 00 Høyre www.phs.no i Norgeekstremisme

PHS Forskning 2018: 3 Utviklingstrekk, konspirasjonsteorier og Norge i Høyreekstremisme (RED.) BJØRGO TORE Runhovde, S. R. (2018). Illegal Kapittelbidrag: forebyggingsstrategier • Tore Bjørgo • Cora Alexa Døving • Terje Emberland • Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik • Birgitte P. Haanshuus Reports Filstad, C. & Karp, T. (2018). TORE BJØRGO (RED.) En av erkjennelsene etter terror- Høyreekstremisme online trade in reptiles from handlingene 22. juli 2011 var at det

manglet oppdatert kunnskap om Rapporten består av fire del høyreekstremisme i Norge, og at prosjekter: i Norge Ledelse, implementering, fenomenet hadde endret seg bety - Bjørgo, T. (2018). • UtviklingPHS Forskning og utbredelse 2018: 3av Tore Bjørgo Utviklingstrekk, konspirasjonsteorier og delig de siste 10-15 årene. Det er professor og leder Kapittelbidrag: høyreekstremisme i Norge for Senter for ekstremismefors dreier seg ikke lenger om rasistiske - • Tore Bjørgo • Cora Alexa Døvingforebyggingsstrategier • Terje Emberland Madagaskar. Geneva: Global (Tore Bjørgo og kning (C-REX) ved Universitetet i ungdomsgjenger og nazistiske • Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik • Birgitte P. Haanshuus - skinheads, men i hovedsak om Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik) Oslo. Han har også bistilling som effekt ­er og resultater av nær­ voksne personer og miljøer. De • Fra gata til data? Ytre høyres professor ved Politihøgskolen, Høyreekstremisme i Norge: og har ledet dette prosjektet. opererer på internett og sosiale aktivisme på internett og medier, men også i noen tilfeller i sosiale medier Cora Alexa Døving er forsker 1 ved

Initiative Against langt mer organiserte strukturer (Birgitte P. Haanshuus) Senter for studier av Holocaust enn tidligere. De forebygg • Konspirasjonsteorier i det ytter og livssynsminoriteter politireformen. Oslo: metodene som viste seg effektive liggående høyreland-skapet i (HL-senteret). Utviklingstrekk, konspira­ ings- overfor de rasistiske ungdomsmil Norge - Terje Emberland Transnational Organized jøene på 1990- (Cora Alexa Døving og ved Senter for studier er seniorforsker av midten av 2000-tallet, tallet og har fram mindre til - Terje Emberland) Holocaust og livssynsminoriteter relevans overfor dagens høyre • Politiets virkemidler og rolle i (HL-senteret). Hentet fra http:// ekstremister. Dette er noe av bak Politihøgskolen. forebygging av høyre Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik er forsker sjonsteorier og forebyggings­ - grunnen for denne forsknings ekstremisme - og ph.d.-stipendiat ved - Hentet fra http://globalinitia- rapporten. (Ingvild Magnæs Gjelsvik og Politihøgskolen og Norsk Crime. - Tore Bjørgo) Utenrikspolitisk Institutt (NUPI).

hdl.handle.net/11250/2581487 Hun er også tilknyttet C-REX. strategier (PHS Forskning Birgitte P. Haanshuus er Politihøgskolen tive.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/­ ­09/ ph.d.-stipendiat ved Senter for Slemdalsveien 5 Postboks 5027, Majorstuen studier av Holocaust og 0301 Oslo livssynsminori Tlf: 23 19 99 00 teter. Hun har www.phs.no tidlig ere vært vitenskapelig 2018:4). Oslo: Politihøg­ Larsen, N. M. (2018). Tiltak for å TGIATOC-ReptileTrade-A4-Web.pdf assistent ved C-REX og PHS Forskning 2018: 44 Politihøgskolen.

skolen. Hentet fra http://hdl.handle. C-REX - Senter for ekstremismeforskning bedre interaksjonen i basis­ Runhovde, S. R. & Skjevrak, P. E. net/11250/2568904 gruppene blant førsteårsstu­ (2018). PHS Forskning 2018: 4 Bjørgo, T. & Silkoset, E. (2018). denter ved Politihøgskolen. Kriminalitetsforebygging på Threats and threatening ap­ Oslo: Politihøgskolen. norsk: En kunnskapsoversikt proaches to politicians: A sur­ Hentet frahttp://hdl.handle.net/­ 11250/2490388 (PHS Forskning 2018:3). vey of Norwegian parliamen­ Oslo: Politihøgskolen. tarians and cabinet ministers Larsen, N. M. & Nygaard, T. Hentet fra http://hdl.handle. (PHS Forskning 2018:5). (2018). Videoopptak: Et peda­ net/11250/2507671 Oslo: Politihøgskolen. gogisk verktøy i undervisnings­ Skoglund, T. H. (2018). Egnet Hentet fra http://hdl.handle. sammenheng. Oslo: net/11250/2564720 som politi?: Seleksjons­

102 103 Reported conference contributions, academic presentations and media contributions

Almås, A. G., Helleve, I. & Presentasjon på Epic FIX -project. Presentasjon på Bjørko, B. (2018, mars). Conference, Portsmouth, FIX-konferanse, Becoming a teacher in the digi­ England. Politihøgskolen, Oslo. tal area. Presentasjon på Berg, K. (2018, mai). På vei til å Bjørkelo, B. (2018, mars). NERA 2018, Universitetet i bli professor eller dosent? Between the legalist and the Oslo, Oslo. Presentasjon på informasjons- Dirty Harry: Ethical dilemmas Barland, B. (2018, februar). møte, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. as experienced by Senior Fortellinger om doping, kropp Bjørkelo, B. (2018, februar). Investigating Officers under og rus. Presentasjon på fagkon- Leading and managing inter­ further and continuing educa­ feranse for steroideprosjektet, action under risk in the police: tion. Presentasjon på NERA Gaustad sykehus, Oslo. What may be some of the un­ 2018, Universitetet i Oslo, Barland, B. (2018, februar). derlying conditions for learn­ Oslo. Doping, insulin og ungdom. ing from experience? Bjørkelo, B. (2018, oktober). Presentasjon på Balansemøte, Presentasjon på forsknings- Varsling. Presentasjon på PF Gardermoen. og forfatterseminar, seniormøte, Polyteknisk Barland, B. & Thomassen, G. Forsvarets høgskole, Oslo. forening, Oslo. (2018, juni). Should the police Bjørkelo, B. (2018, mars). FIX’ing Bjørkelo, B. & Bye, H. H. (2018, carry guns? A survey of the experiences: On temporary juni). Does it matter who blows

Foto: Eileeen S. Berglie police and the public. and sustainable effects of the the whistle? Diversity and

105 Whistleblowing in the Presentasjon på avdeling for Advokatforeningen og Flaatten, S. (2018, august). Ganapathy, J. (2018, mars). Glomseth, R. (2018, mars). Norwegian Police. Presentasjon lærerutdanning, Riksadvokaten, Oslo. Økonomisk kriminalitet: Sure Fenomenforståelse av æresrela­ Forskningsprosjekt om ledelse i på The 9th Nordic Work Life Barnehagelærerutdanningen, Flaatten, S. (2018, april). rognebær og strafferettens tert vold. Presentasjon for politiet. Foredrag for politiet i Conference, Oslo. Nord universitet, Bodø. Borgerlig skyld og begrenset strategiske utgangspunkt. etterforskningsledere, Hedmark, Hamar. Bjørkelo, B. & Eriksen, B. (2018, Egge, M. & Solhjell, R. (2018, ansvar: Bedragerier og aksjelo­ Presentasjon på ledersamling Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Glomseth, R. (2018, mars). juni). Whistleblowing and september). Parallellsamfunn: ven. Regulering og kontroll av for Økokrim, Oslo. Ganapathy, J. (2018, april). Politikultur. Presentasjon på workplace bullying: The role of En del av den norske virkelig­ kapital: rettshistoriske gråso­ Flaatten, S. (2018, august). Den Kulturforståelse, mangfold og møte for ledergruppen i leaders, as seen from psycholo­ heten? Presentasjon på fagmø- ner. Presentasjon for humane strafferettspleien. interkulturell forståelse. Vestoppland politidistrikt, gy and law. Presentasjon på te i Justis- og beredskapsde- Forskergruppen «Rett, sam- Presentasjon på forsvarer- Presentasjon for vaktledere, Gran kommune, Hadeland. The 11th International partementet, Oslo. funn og historisk endring», gruppens høstseminar, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Glomseth, R. (2018, august). Conference on Workplace Ellefsen, H. B. (2018, april). Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. Sundvollen. Ganapathy, J. (2018, august). Politiledelse, kultur og hold­ Bullying and Harassment, Nærpolitireformen i et histo­ Flaatten, S. (2018, mai). Kontroll Flaatten, S. (2018, august). More Cultural Communication and ninger. Presentasjon på Bordeaux, Frankrike. risk perspektiv. Presentasjon av kapital: Et nytt prosjekt. than just desert? White collar Awareness. Presentasjon på Politijuristenes ledersamling, Dahl, J. Y. (2018, februar). på Stor-Elvdalseminaret, Stor- Presentasjon på Norske crime and EU after the eco­ International Public Health, Oslo. Kamelonisering – en utfors­ Elvdal. Rettshistorikerdager, Oslo. nomic crises. Presentasjon på OsloMet, Oslo. Glomseth, R. (2018, oktober). kning av politispaning. Ellefsen, H. B. (2018, septem- Flaatten, S. (2018, mai). Neoliberalism and the Ganapathy, J. (2018, september). Nordisk master i ledelse. Presentasjon på ber). Voldsmonopolet i et histo­ Straffeutmåling og høyesterett. Criminal Law, Bergen. Multicultural Understanding Presentasjon på lederkongres- Vinterseminaret for sosiolog- risk perspektiv. Presentasjon Presentasjon på statsadvokat- Flaatten, S. (2018, august). and Diversity. Presentasjon på sen for Politiets Fellesforbund, foreningen, Lillehammer. på debattmøte i Den norske møte, Oslo. Policing Capital: The decrimi­ United Nations Police Cadre Oslo. Dahl, J. Y. (2018, juni). kriminalistforening, Flaatten, S. (2018, juni). nalization of business failure (UNPO), PHS Stavern. Glomseth, R. (2018, november). Chamelonizing – exploring Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. Maskeballet: Når selskaper and the Norwegian securities Ganapathy, J. (2018, oktober). Ledelseskulturen i norsk politi­ police conducted physcial sur­ Ellefsen, H. B. (2018, novem- brukes til lovbrudd. law of 1910. Presentasjon på Multicultural Understanding, et i et tiårsperspektiv, 2008- veillance. Presentasjon på ber). Politiutdanningens histo­ Presentasjon på seminar for International workshop on Awareness and Humility. 2018. Presentasjon på Neon- konferansen Surveillance rie. Presentasjon på med- Økokrim, Oslo. the history of commercial law, Presentasjon på The Scope of dagene, Høgskolen i Society, Aarhus, Danmark. Bergen. lemsmøte i Norsk Flaatten, S. (2018, juni). Global Public Health, Innlandet, Lillehammer. Dahl, J. Y. (2018, september). Politihistorisk Selskap, Decriminalizing creative de­ Flinterud, G. (2018, juni). Politihøgskolen, Stavern. Glomseth, R. (2018, desember). The physical surveillance gaze. Politihøgskolen, Oslo. struction. Business scandals Pushing borders in the Ganapathy, J. (2018, desember). Ledelse i og av endring. Presentasjon på EUROCRIM Flaatten, S. (2018, april). and the securities laws of the Norwegian online surveillance Snakk tillit. Presentasjon for Presentasjon for Hamar bispe- 2018, Sarajevo, Bosnia. Utviklingen av kriminalitet og late 19th century: the case of debate – a communications bachelor tredje år, dømme, Hamar. Edvardsen, O. (2018, septem- straffenivået de siste 50 årene. Norway. Presentasjon på perspective. Presentasjon på Politihøgskolen, Oslo. The 8th Biennial Surveillance Glomseth, R. & Vanebo, J. O. ber). Vold mot barn, og hvor­ Norsk kriminalpolitikk – hvor Buisness and the Law, (2018, september). Innovation Studies Conference, Aarhus dan barnehagelærere kan møte står vi og hvor skal vi? Universität Bayreuth, in the police sector: Presentation University, Aarhus, Danmark. barn i slike situasjoner. Foredrag for Bayreuth, Tyskland. of research project and new

106 107 education model. Presentasjon valg – og hvordan møte dette. Hoel, L. A. & Lillevik, M. (2018, Holmboe, M. (2018, august). til å søke å avverge alvorlige Larsen, N. M. (2018, juni). på EIPA-workshop, Barcelona, Presentasjon på beredskaps- oktober). Ville ikke vært det Orden, etterforskning og sank­ straffbare handlinger? Kommunikasjon og konflikt­ Spania. rådet i Drammen Kommune, foruten. Presentasjon på sam- sjonering i skolen. Presentasjon på fagdag, håndtering for Mattilsynet. Hegna, J. W. (2018, desember). Drammen. ling for stabssjefer, Presentasjon på det årlige Krisesenteret i Salten, Bodø. Presentasjon på kurs for an- Gardermoen. Etterforskning på internett og Hemmingby, C. (2018, septem- kurset i utdanningsrett, Jahnsen, S. Ø. (2018, mai). satte i Mattilsynet, virtuelle jurisdiksjon. ber). Terrorberedskap og sik­ Hoel, L. A. & Lillevik, M. (2018, Juristenes utdanningssenter, Ganging up against organised Politihøgskolen, Kongsvinger. Presentasjon på seminar i ring av et bymiljø. oktober). Evaluering av stabs- Drammen. crime, motorcycle gangs and Larsen, N. M. (2018, juli). Nedre Romerrike Tingrett, Presentasjon på konferanse i og lederutviklingsprogrammet Holmboe, M. (2018, september). problematic youth groups. Kommunikasjon og konflikt­ Lillestrøm. Stavanger kommune, ved Politihøgskolen. Tale eller tie: Om avvergings­ Presentasjon på Plural håndtering i vekterarbeid. Heivoll, G. (2018, august). Stavanger. Presentasjon på for eksterne plikt og varslingsplikt. Policing, Politihøgskolen, Presentasjon på kurs for vek- Forberedt kommentar til Hemmingby, C. (2018, oktober). samvirkeaktører, Presentasjon på fagdag, Oslo. terinstruktører, Oslo. Politihøgskolen, Stavern. Torbjörn Nilsson (2018): Hva gjør vi når vi ikke kan Krisesenteret i Sarpsborg, Jon, N. I. (2018, september). Larsen, N. M. & Phelps, J. (2018, Torgslaget 1829: Myter och sikre alt? Refleksjoner rundt Holm, T. T. (2018, mai). Skjeberg. Gutter og slåssing. september). Kommunikasjon minnen om ett norsk-svenskt trusselaktør, målvalg og mot­ Velkommen. Presentasjon på Holmboe, M. (2018, oktober). Presentasjon på SLT- og konflikthåndtering i møte drama. Presentasjon på bo- tiltak. Presentasjon på informasjonsmøte, Tale eller tie: Om avvergings­ konferansen, Drammen. med publikum. Presentasjon klansering, Universitetet i Sikringskonferansen 2018, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. plikt og varslingsplikt i juridisk Kaltenborn, J. F. W. (2018, au- på kontorsamling for NAV- Oslo, Oslo. Oslo. Holmboe, M. (2018, februar). lys. Presentasjon på med- gust). Teknologinøytralitet ansatte, Bodø. Heivoll, G. (2018, november). Hemmingby, C. & Bjørgo, T. Ytringsfrihet i monstrenes tid. lemsmøte for Norsk selskap som mål i straffeprosesslovgiv­ Larsson, P. (2018, januar). Politibetjenters rolle som retts­ (2018, januar). Breivik and the Presentasjon på Straffekaffe, for kirkerett, Oslo. ningen. Presentasjon på det Politiarbeid opp mot illegal håndhevere i den norske demo­ 22 July case in Norway. Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. Holmboe, M. (2018, november). 14. nordiske prosessretts­ ulvejakt. Presentasjon på kon- kratiske rettsstaten. Presentasjon på Edinburgh Holmboe, M. (2018, februar). Tale eller tie – om plikt til å møtet, Tromsø. feranse om rovvilt, beitedyr Presentasjon på konferansen I University Napier, Edinburgh, Ungdomsstraff for voksne? Om avverge alvorlige lovbrudd. Karlsen, P. A., Brekken, O. & og samfunn, Hamar. politi- og påtalerettens gren- Skottland. ungdomsstraff i saker der lov­ Presentasjon på det årlige seland, Universitetet i Bergen, Myklebust T. (2018, mars). Larsson, P. (2018, mars). Jakten Henriksen, S. V. (2018, april). bryteren er over 18 år når kurset i utdanningsrett, Kriminalteknikerne kommer. på jegerne: Politiet og SNO sin Bergen. Politiets konflikthåndtering. straffen gjennomføres. Juristenes utdanningssenter, Presentasjon på innsats med å kontrollere ille­ Hemmingby, C. (2018, juni). Presentasjon på seminar for Presentasjon på konferanse Drammen. Krimfestivalen, Oslo. gal ulvejakt. Presentasjon på Terroristers målvalg: høyesterett, Oslo. om ungdomsstraff, Kriminal­ Holmboe, M. (2018, november). Kolflaath, E. & Sunde, N. (2018, Vargsymposiet, Vålådalen, Utviklingstrekk, utfordringer Hoel, L. A. & Bjørkelo, B. (2018, omsorgens høgskole og ut- Orden, etterforskning og sank­ november). Hypoteser (teori Sverige. og respons. Presentasjon på november). Kan det være godt danningssenter, Lillestrøm. sjonering i skolen. og bruk). Presentasjon på Larsson, P. (2018, august). On Politihøgskolens forsknings- politiarbeid? Presentasjon på Holmboe, M. (2018, mai). Tale Presentasjon på opplærings- Politihøgskolens instruktørut- the hunt: Investigating illegal konferanse, Oslo. fagseminar for ansatte invol- eller tie: Om avvergingsplikt og lovutvalgets møte, Os. danning i etterforskning, hunting by covert methods. Hemmingby, C. (2018, juni). vert i behandling av publi­ varslingsplikt. Presentasjon på Holmboe, M. (2018, desember). Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Presentasjon på EUROCRIM Terrorisme: Utviklingstrekk kumsklager, fagdag, Krisesenteret i Salten, Tale eller tie: Når har vi plikt 2018, Sarajevo, Bosnia. innen modus operandi og mål­ Politidirektoratet, Oslo. Bodø,

108 Larssson, P. (2018, september). tivitenskap, Politihøgskolen, for politikontakter, forebyg- Myklebust, T. (2018, januar). Presentasjon på seminaret Myklebust, T. (2018, juli). An Policing illegal hunting of Oslo. gende avdeling og SARA- Perspektiver på etterforskning: Experiences in Training empirical evaluation of the wolves. Presentasjon på Lie, E. M. (2018, august). kontakter, Politihuset i Innføring i psykologi og taktisk Senior Investigating Officers, investigative process in the Nordisk politiforskningssemi- Forebyggende som politiets Lillestrøm, Lillestrøm. etterforskning. Presentasjon Newcastle, England. Norwegian Police. nar, Umeå, Sverige. primærstrategi. Presentasjon Lundgaard, J. M. (2018, januar). på bachelor i politi B3, Myklebust, T. (2018, april). The Presentasjon på The iIIRG Lefsaker, M., Mac Giolla, E., på fagsamling for politikon- Fragments of presence: Doing Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Norwegian Master system and 11th Annual Conference Luke, T. J. & Granhag, P. A. takter, forebyggende avdeling etnography in the control Myklebust, T. (2018, februar). the profession based master in 2018, Porto, Portugal. (2018, juni). Honest and de­ og SARA-kontakter (vold i rooms of the police. Utdanning av politiavhørere i Investigation at the Norwegian Myklebust, T. (2018, juli). ceptive alibi statements: The nære relasjoner), Presentasjon på konferansen de nordiske land. Presentasjon Police University. Presentasjon Investigative Interviews: effect of weak vs. memory-en­ Strandhotellet Fevik, Fevik. Being There: Ethnography på seminar om den Nordiske på workshop Implementation Implementation of Knowledge hancing interview techniques. Lie, E. M. (2018, oktober). and the Study of Policing, Barnehusmodellen, Justis- og of Investigative Master at VU into practice. Presentasjon på Presentasjon på Annual Bekymringssamtalen, å få University of Liverpool, beredskapsdepartementet R5, University of Amsterdam, The iIIRG 11th Annual Conference of the European endring til å virke oppnåelig. Liverpool, England. Oslo. Amsterdam, Nederland. Conference 2018, Porto, Association of Psychology and Presentasjon på kurs i bekym- Lundgaard, J. M. (2018, juni). Myklebust, T. (2018, mars). Myklebust, T. (2018, mai). Portugal. Law 2018, Turku, Finland. ringssamtalen, Politihuset i Hver dag, og når som helst: Investigative Interviewing in Training of Investigative Myklebust, T. (2018, juli). The Lefsaker, M., Mac Giolla, E., Sandvika, Sandvika. Politiets operasjonssentral og Europe. Presentasjon på inter- Interviewers of children. organisation of the Norwegian Luke, T. J. & Granhag, P. A. Lie, E. M. (2018, november). beredskapsdiskursen. nasjonal uke, Politihøgskolen, Presentasjon på Skype semi- Police. Presentasjon på semi- (2018, juli). Examining the use Hvordan forstå voldsutøveren. Presentasjon på Politihøg­ Oslo. nar, Politihøgskolen og Social nar, Centre for Critical & of weak vs. memory-enhancing Forebygging av vold i nære skolens forskningskonferanse, Myklebust, T. (2018, mars). Work Scotland. Major Incident Pschology, interview techniques with hon­ relasjoner. Presentasjon for Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Training of Investigators and Myklebust, T. (2018, mai). Politihøgskolen, Oslo. est and deceptive alibi witness­ Telemark fylkeskommune, Lundgaard, J. M. (2018, septem- Senior Investigating Officers in Etterforskningsfaget sett fra et Myklebust, T. (2018, juli). es. Presentasjon på The iIIRG Skien. ber). Police control room prac­ Norway. Presentasjon på in- masterperspektiv: Mer enn en Structured investigative inter­ 11th Annual Conference tices in a time of preparedness. ternasjonal uke, studieplan og krav fra NOKUT. view -models from a Norwegian 2018, Porto, Portugal. Lie, E. M. (2018, november). Kriminalitetsforebygging sett Presentasjon på EUROCRIM Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Presentasjon på perspective. Presentasjon på Lie, E. M. (2018, februar). fra Politihøgskolen. Conference 2018, Sarajevo, Myklebust, T. (2018, mars). Etterforskningsseksjonen ved seminar, Centre for Critical & Etterforskningsledelse og fore­ Presentasjon på samling for Bosnia. Decision making processes EVU, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Major Incident Psychology, byggende polititjeneste. politidistriktsledere for krimi- Myklebust, T. (2018, januar). 22th of July 2011 in Norway. Myklebust, T. (2018, juli). Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Presentasjon på studiet i nalitetsforebygging, Å forske på sine egne: Presentasjon på utvekslings- Investigative Interviews of chil­ Myklebust, T. (2018, august). Etterforskningsledelse Gardermoen. Forskningsmetoder med program med det tyske politi- dren – The Nordic Model. Politiet som organisasjon. Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Lie, E. M. (2018, november). politikollegaer som kilde: et, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Presentasjon på The iIIRG Presentasjon på Master i ar- Lie, E. M. (2018, august). Bekymringssamtalen, å få Styrke, Svakhet, Mulighet og Myklebust, T. (2018, april). 11th Annual Conference beids- og organisasjonspsyko- Kriminalitetsforebygging, endring til å virke oppnåelig. Trussel. Presentasjon på Senior Investigating Officers 2018, Porto, Portugal. logi, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. trygghet og kommunikasjon. Presentasjon på fagsamling Master i politivitenskap, (SIO) training in Norway. Presentasjon på Master i poli- Politihøgskolen, Oslo.

110 111 Myklebust, T. (2018, august). model of specialist training for International Police Students, American Society of conference on violent extrem- become a police. Måling og Evaluering i politiet. Investigating Officers at the Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Criminology Conference, ism: Theory and Practice, Understanding learning and Presentasjon på Master i ar- Norwegian Police University Paulsen, J. E. (2018, mars). Atlanta, GA, USA. Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. job preferences of Norwegian beids- og organisasjonspsyko- College. Skype seminar, What do the police really do? Sandvik, A. M., Gjevestad, E. S., Solhjell, R. & Egge, M. (2018, police students in a compara­ logi, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. Politihøgskolen og Social Presentasjon på Ethics for Aabrekk, E., Øhman, P., september). Western discours­ tive perspective. Presentasjon Myklebust, T. (2018, september). Work Scotland. International Police Students, Kjendlie, P-L., Hystad, S. W., es of ‘Parallel societies’: på EUROCRIM Conference Politiperspektiv på ledelse. Myklebust, T., Nilsen, J. A. & Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Bartone, P. T., Hansen, A. L. & Immigration, citizenship and 2018, Sarajevo, Bosnia. Presentasjon på Leadership in Aaserud, T. (2018, april). Paulsen, J. E. (2018, april). Johnsen, B. H. (2018, okto- social cohesion. Presentasjon Action: Avsluttende kurs for HYDRA compared to other SIO Values -Based Methodology in ber). Physical fitness and psy­ på EUROCRIM Conference Poster Bachelor i management, training models: From Table- Policing. Presentasjon på kon- chological hardiness as predic­ 2018, Sarajevo, Bosnia. Skjevrak, P. E., Thomassen, G. & Handelshøyskolen BI, Oslo. Top to Virtual Reality. feransen Applied methods in tors of autonomic self-regula­ Sørli, V. L. (2018, august). Barland, B. (2018, septem- Myklebust, T. (2018, september). Presentasjon på seminaret Ethics, NTNU, Trondheim. tion during stress: A Norwegian Reformforskning fra Politi­ ber). New means of safety? Experiences in training of police simulator training study. Evalueringsforskning i politiet. Paulsen, J. E. (2018, november). høgskolen. Presentasjon på Electroshock weapons in the Presentasjon for Master i ar- Senior Investigating Officers, Presentasjon på Society for DIFIs forskningsseminar, Oslo. point of intersection of human Newcastle, England. Research ethics and basic ethi­ Police & Criminal Psychology beids- og organisasjonspsyko- cal theories. Gjesteforelesning, Sørli, V. L. (2018, november). rights and the need of Public logi, Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. Myklebust, T. & Oxburg, G. E. 44th Annual Conference, safety. EUROCRIM Universitetet i Oslo, Oslo. Sarasota, FL, USA. Nærpolitireformen i reformteo­ Myklebust, T. (2018, desember). (2018, november). How can retisk perspektiv. Presentasjon Conference 2018, Sarajevo, audio -visual recording help Paulsen, J. E. (2018, desember). Skjevrak, P. E. (2018, mai). Bosnia. Vulnerable and intimidated Sokratisk sirkel. Presentasjon på NEON-konferansen 2018, witnesses. Presentasjon på prevent torture, undue com­ Bevæpning? Politiperspektiver Lillehammer. pulsion and false confessions. på Nordisk møte om etikk og og publikumsperspektiver. NORWEGIAN POLICE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Bachelor i Forensic Pernille Erichsen Skjevrak w Bjørn Barland w Tor-Geir Myhrer profesjonalitet i kriminalom- Vestby, A. & Vestby, J. (2018, w Jon Strype Psychology, Newcastle Presentasjon på konferansen Presentasjon på w Gunnar Thomassen sorgen, Kriminalomsorgens juni). Machine learning and New MEANS University, Newcastle, Audio-visual recording of Forskningsavdelingens fag- of SAFETY høgskole og utdanningssen- the police: Asking the right Electroshock weapons in the point? of intersection investigative interrogations in møte, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. England. of human rights, and the need of public safety criminal proceedings, Paris, ter, Lillestrøm. questions. Presentasjon på Skjevrak, P. E. (2018, juni). Om Young Nordic Police Research Myklebust, T. (2018, desember). Frankrike. Runhovde, S. R. (2018, august). Public (N= 1000) Achieving Best Evidence from bevæpning: Hva sier politiet, Network Seminar, Oslo. Cultural heritage crime: A Police (N= 4810) Myklebust, T. & politistudentene og hva sier Yes vulnerable victims and wit­ No study on policing, prevention Vestby, A. & Vestby, J. (2018, Public, Oslo Have not decided nesses in a police perspective. Snortheimsmoen, A. (2018, publikum. Presentasjon på and security. Presentasjon på august). Machine learning and Police, Oslo Presentasjon på Master in februar). Decision making Politihøgskolens forsknings- 02 04 EUROCRIM Conference 2018, the police: Asking the right 06 08 0 100 processes 22th of July 2011. konferanse, Politihøgskolen, • THE NORWEGIAN POLICE ARE ROUTINELY UNARMED IN DUTY, and Forensic Psychology, the ongoing debate on whether Norway should have an routinely Sarajevo, Bosnia. questions. Presentasjon på armed police forces or (special) units is affected by different views • While police are far more positive than the public to firearms, on «everyday hazards», such as the general decrease in reported the opposite is the case when it comes to electroshock weap Presentasjon på Internasjonal Oslo. ons in Norway. However, Oslo constitutes an exception here. crime, severity in cases related to mental illness and domestic vio - Newcastle University, citizens of Oslo are clearly more negative than the police also lence, as well as terror threats. The EUROCRIM Conference 2018, - regarding electroshock weapons.

uke, Politihøgskolen, Oslo. Runhovde, S. R. (2018, novem- • The Norwegian Police University College collected data on attitudes • Newcastle, England. Solhjell, R. (2018, november). towards armament among police personnel and the public in 2017. THE CONTRAST between the police and the public in attitudes Sarajevo, Bosnia. The data shows what can be seen as a on this issue, particularly in Oslo, lic and the police in attitudes towards bothcontrast firearms between and electro the pub it might influence the interaction betweenleads to the questions public and about the how ber). Cultural heritage crime: - shock weapon. police. What are the consequences of new means of safety in a

Paulsen, J. E. (2018, mars). Understanding hate crime: A - Norwegian context? Experiences with stun guns in the UK shows

Myklebust, T. & Huseby, I. • THE BIGGEST DIFFERENCE that mentally ill and minority groups are more likely to be zapped. A study on policing, prevention way. Oslo has a more diverse is population, found in and Oslo, has also the suffered capital a of(Loveday Nor 2018) Winnæss, P. & Damen, M-L. - It has also been shown an increase in incidents Procedural Justice. conceptual introduction. terrorist attack on 22nd of July 2011. involving children. (2018, mai). The Norwegian • Norway will initiate a PILOT PROJECT WITH ELECTROSHOCK WEAPONS and security. Presentasjon på (2018, august). Learning to Q: “Should the police always carry firearms on duty”? in selected police districts in 2019 • General Public Presentasjon på Ethics for Presentasjon på Nordic : 46 % yes, 49 % no, 5 % undecided indicate that Tasers are mainly used. In forSweden, self-defense, a similar pilot project

• Police: 80 % yes, 15 % no, 5 % undecided digheten 2018 a , b) and in a Norwegian context where youth(Polismyn crime -is • Oslo Public: 35 % yes, 62 % no, 3 % undecided highly in focus, one can question if troubled youth, vulnerable groups

• Police: 87 % yes, 9 % no, 4 % undecided and ethnic minorities are more likely to be exposed. Given the

potential negative effects a thorough evaluation of the coming

project is therefore essential.

Loveday, B. (2018) Recent developments in police governance and current issues surrounding police service delivery in England and Wales. European Journal of policing Studies, 5(4), 72-89 Polismyndigheten (2018a) ”Sa anvander polisen elchockvapen”. Stockholm: Polismyndigheten - https://polisen.se/Aktuellt/Nyheter/Gemensam-2018/Februari/Sa-anvander-polisen-elchockvapen/ Polismyndigheten (2018b) ”Elschockvapen – polisens arbete”. Stockholm: Polismyndigheten - https://polisen.se/om-polisen/polisens-arbete/elchockvapen/

112 Media contributions Holmboe, M. (Ekspertuttalelse). Hemmingby, C. (Intervjuobjekt). Jon, N. I. (Programdeltaker). Sunde, I. M. (Ekspertuttalelse). Egge, M. & Solhjell, R. (2018, 13. juni). Straffedømt (2018, 19. juni). Slik har ter- (2018, 20. august). Ekko: (2018, 28. desember). (Intervjuobjekt). (2018, 12. for å true med søksmål. rorister siktet seg inn mot Hvorfor møter gutter for å Datakrimforsker: Norge man- gler et politi som forebygge Rett24.no. Hentet fra http://rett24. myke mål. Forskning.no. Hentet slåss? NRK P2. Hentet fra https:// juli). Har vi parallellsamfunn nettkriminalitet. Stavanger no/articles/straffedomt-for-a-true- fra https://forskning.no/juridis- radio.nrk.no/podkast/ekko_-_et_aktu- i Norge? Forskning.no. Hentet Aftenblad. Hentet fra https://www. ke-fag-kriminalitet/2018/06/ elt_samfunnsprogram/nrkno-podd- fra https://forskning.no/politihogsko- med-soksmal aftenbladet.no/lokalt/i/ddWVXq/ len-politi-partner/har-vi-parallellsam- slik-har-terrorister-endret-sine-mal kast-20062-141237-20082018113600 Holmboe, M. (Programdeltaker). Datakrimforsker-Norge-mangler-et- funn-i-norge/1207433 politi-som-forebygger-nettkriminalitet (2018, 7. juni). Strafferabatt Jon, N. I. (Intervjuobjekt). Larsson, P. (Intervjuobjekt). Holmboe, M. (Intervjuobjekt). oppfølgning [Nyhetslunsj]. (2018, 22. februar). Er du i (2018, 01. juni). Korleis jakte Sørli, V. L. & Larsson, P. (2018, (2018, 20. mars). Foreldrene NRK Radio. Hentet fra https://radio. bråk med meg, er du i bråk på jegerane? (Feltrapport er 22. november). Feilslått re- dømt for sønnens (2) tragiske nrk.no/serie/nyhetslunsj/ med hele gjengen: Hvem er Forskerforums faste reporta- form – Ny bok om politire­ dødsfall – slipper straff. NRK. NPUB33011318/07-06-2018#t=3m54s ungdomsgjengene på Tøyen. sje fra forskningsmiljøer). formen. Glåmdalen. Hentet fra no. Hentet fra https://www.nrk.no/ Vårt Oslo.no. Hentet fra https:// Forskerforum. https:// www.glomdalen.no/politi/ Holmboe, M. (Intervjuobjekt). hordaland/foreldrene-domt-for-son- www.vartoslo.no/er-du-i-brak-med- forskning/kriminalitet/feilslatt-politire- Lie, E. M. (Intervjuobjekt). nens-_2_-tragiske-dodsfall-_-slipper- (2018, 15. oktober). – Dette er meg-er-du-i-brak-med-hele-gjengen- form/s/5-19-549194 straff-1.13971309 en stor endring. Rett24.no. hvem-er-ungdomsgjengene-pa-toyen/ (2018, 10. januar). Fra opp- Hentet fra https://rett24.no/articles/- rørsk til ordentlig. On! Sørli, V. L. & Larsson, P. Holmboe, M. (Programdeltaker). Jon, N. I. (Intervjuobjekt). dette-er-en-stor-endring Magasin for Oslo Nye Teater. (Reportasjedeltakere). (2018, (2018, 3. april). Få politifolk (2018, 05. mai). Stovner-prest 4. desember). Holmboe, M. (Intervjuobjekt). Lie, E. M. (Intervjuobjekt). dømt for vold [Nyhetslunsj]. mener hovedgrunnen til ung- Nærpolitireformen har gjort (2018, 23. november). – (2018, 26. november). NRK Radio. Hentet fra https://radio. domsvolden blir oversett: – politiet fjerne fra folket enn før nrk.no/serie/nyhetslunsj/ Politiattester som skal verne Ungdom og vold. NRK P1. Det er en stor skam. NRK [Reportasje på Dagsrevyen]. NPUB33006618/03-04-2018 barn er ikke sikre nok Østlandssendingen. Hentet fra Lie, E. M. (Programdeltaker). NRK Dagsrevyen. Hentet fra htt- [Nyheter]. P4.no. Hentet fra htt- Holmboe, M. (Intervjuobjekt). https://www.nrk.no/ostlandssendin- (2018, 20. november). ps://tv.nrk.no/serie/dagsrevy- ps://www.p4.no/nyheter/-politiattes- gen/stovner-prest-mener-hovedgrun- (2018, 21. april). Vil endre Voldsbølger blant ungdom. en/201812/NNFA19120418/avspiller ter-som-skal-verne-barn-er-ikke-sik- nen-til-ungdomsvolden-blir-oversett_- loven for å få fart på sakene. re-nok/artikkel/752781/ _-det-er-en-stor-skam-1.14032530 NRK Nyhetsmorgen. Hentet fra Budstikka. Hentet fra https://www. https://radio.nrk.no/serie/nyhetsmor- Holmboe, M. (Ekspertuttalelse). budstikka.no/krim/politireformen/ Jon, N. I. (Programdeltaker). gen/NPUB32023118/20-11- kriminalitet-og-rettsvesen/vil-endre- (2018, 26. desember). – Hvis (2018, 31. mai). 2018#t=1h2m36.04s loven-for-a-fa-fart-pa-sake- dette er ekte, har vi drevet en Ungdomskriminalitet før og Skjevrak, P. E. (Intervjuobjekt). ne/s/5-55-653447 mann til drap. Stavanger nå. NRK Østlandssendingen. (2018, 23. oktober). Ikke Holmboe, M. (Intervjuobjekt). Aftenblad. Hentet fra https://www. Hentet fra https://radio.nrk.no/serie/ snakk for mye om kriminelle aftenbladet.no/lokalt/i/ka9nm6/-- distriktsprogram-oestlandssendin- ungdomsgjenger. Forskning. (2018, 2. mai). Ungdomsstraff Hvis-dette-er-ekte_-har-vi-drevet-en- gen/DKOA01009118/07-05- no. Hentet fra https://forskning.no/ og saksbehandlingstid. NRK mann-til-drap 2018#t=1h49m53.52s partner-barn-og-ungdom-kriminalitet/ Dagsrevyen. ikke-snakk-for-mye-­om-kriminelle- ungdomsgjenger/1251723

114 115 List of abbreviations (in alphabetical order)

AFI = Arbeidsforsknings­ CEPOL = European Union CRIStin = Current Research instituttet, OsloMet, Oslo. Agency for Law Enforcement Information System In (Frem til 30.01.2018: HiOA). Training, Budapest, Ungarn. Norway. [Registreringssystem AOP = Arbeids- og organisa- (Frem til 30.06.2016: The for forskningpublikasjoner og sjonspsykologisk prosjekt European Police College). -formidling]. [prosjekt]. CLIP = Research unit for CSTPV = Handa Center for the APC = Article Processing Criminal, Legal and Study of Terrorism and Poli­ Charge. Publiseringsavgift et Investigative Psychology tical Violence, University of St. tidsskrift krever for kostnader [forskningsgruppe]. Andrews, Fife, Skottland. knyttet til redaksjonelt arbeid. COP = Community-oriented Difi = Direktoratet for forvalt- B2 = Det andre året på PHS’ policing [arbeidsmetode/-til- ning og IKT Bachelorstudium, hvor stu- nærming]. DDT = Den Digitale Timen. dentene er ute i praksisåret. C-REX = Senter for ekstremis- Forskningsdrevet tiltak for å Brå = Brottsförebyggande rådet, meforskning: bidra til politifaglig utvikling Sverige. Høyreekstremisme, hatkrimi- i det digitaliserte samfunnet. nalitet og politisk vold (Center CCIS = Center for Cyber and EAPL = The European Associ­ for Research on Extremism), ation of Psychology and Law. Information Security (Senter Det samfunnsvitenskapelige for cyber- og informasjonssik- fakultet, UiO. e-ledelse = etterforskningsled­ kerhet), NTNU i Gjøvik. else/-leder.

116 117 EPIC = European Police system and achieve unique IKRS = Institutt for kriminologi MSTU = Murmansk State NPM = New Public Management. PFI = Pedagogisk forsknings­ Research Institute institutional goals). [Prosjekt]. og rettssosiologi, Det juridiske Technical University, Fellesbetegnelse for en rekke institutt, UiO. Collaboration. FoU = Forskning og utvikling. fakultet, UiO. Murmansk, Russland. prinsipper og metoder for PHS = Politihøgskolen (The ERC = European Research IKT = informasjons- og kommu- NArFU = Northern (Arctic) organiseringen og styringen Norwegian Police University HIG = High-Value Detainee av offentlig virksomhet, som Council (Det europeiske Interrogation Group – a FBI nikasjonsteknologi. Federal University, College), Oslo/Stavern/Bodø/ forskningsråd). Arkhangelsk, Russland. har utgangspunkt i marked- Kongsvinger. unit. iIIRG = International stenkning. NPM forbindes Eurojust = The European HiOA = Høgskolen i Oslo og Investigative Interviewing NFR = Norges forskningsråd / særlig med den nyliberalistis- POD = Politidirektoratet. Union’s Judicial Cooperation Akershus; fra 31.01.2018 Research Group. Forskningsrådet. ke politiske orienteringen som PRIO = Peace Research Institute Unit, Haag, Nederland. OsloMet. [Forskningsnettverk]. NINA = Norsk institutt for Ronald Reagan og Margaret Oslo (Institutt for fredsfors- Europol = The European Union HL-senteret = Senter for studier IOR = Institutt for offentlig rett, naturforskning, Trondheim Thatcher var eksponenter for. kning), Oslo. Agency for Law Enforcement av Holocaust og livssynsmino- Det juridiske fakultet, UiO. (hovedkontor). NSD = Norsk senter for PSI = Psykologisk institutt, Det Cooperation (Den europeiske riteter (Center for Studies of IPES = The International Police NMBU = Norges miljø- og biovi- forskningsdata, Bergen. samfunnsvitenskapelige fa- unions byrå for politisamar- Holocaust and Religious Executive Symposium. tenskapelige universitet, Ås. NSfK = Nordisk Samarbeidsråd kultet, UiO. beid innen kriminaletterret- Minorities), Oslo. [Nettverk]. ning), Haag, Nederland. NNPL = The Nordic Network for for Kriminologi PST = Politiets sikkerhetstjen­ HUMINT = human intelligence. JD = Justis- og beredskapsde- Research on Psychology & (Scandinavian Research este. EU H2020 = The European HVL = Høgskulen på Vestlandet, partementet. (Frem til 2012: Law. [Nettverk]. Council for Criminology). RECPOL = Recruitment, Union’s Horizon 2020 research Justis- politidepartementet). and innovation programme. Bergen. NORAGRIC = Institutt for inter- NTNU = Norges teknisk-natur- Education and Careers in the ICC = International Criminal KINSA = The Kids Internet nasjonale miljø- og utviklings- vitenskapelige universitet Police: A European EVU = Etter- og videreutdan- Safety Alliance, Mississauga, studier, Fakultet for lnadskap (Norwegian University of Longitudinal Study. ning. Court (Den internasjonale straffedomstolen), Haag, Canada. og samfunn, NMBU, Ås. Science and Technology). Har [Prosjekt]. FAFO = Fagbevegelsens Nederland. KO:DE = Fagportal/fagforvalt- *NordForsk = Organisasjon campuser i Trondheim, Gjøvik SAMRISK = Program for sam- forskningsorganisasjon, Oslo. og Ålesund. ICT4COP = «Community-Based ningssystem for politiet. under Nordisk ministerråd funnssikkerhet. FFI = Forsvarets forskningsin- Policing and Post Conflict KRUS = Kriminalomsorgens som finansierer og tilrette­ NUPI = Norsk utenrikspolitisk Forskningsprogram underlagt stitutt (The Norwegian Police Reform». [Prosjekt]. høgskole og utdanningssenter, legger for nordisk samarbeid institutt (Norwegian Institute NFR og finansiert av Defense Research innen forskning og of International Affairs), Oslo. Justisdepartementet, IKG = Institut für interdiszipli- Oslo. Establishment), Lillestrøm/ forskningsinfrastruktur. OPD = Oslo Politidistrikt Kunnskapsdepartementet, Horten. näre Konflikt- und MOU = Memorandum of Holder til i Oslo. Samferdselsdepartementet og Gewaltforschung (Institute Understanding (Omforent OsloMet = OsloMet – storbyuni- Forsvarsdepartementet. FHS = Forsvarets høgskole (The for Interdisciplinary Research memorandum) [Samarbeids­ NOVA = Norsk institutt for versitetet (Oslo Metropolitan Norwegian Defence. on Conflict and Violence), avtale, avtale som gjenspeiler forskning om oppvekst, vel- University). (Frem til SERI = Senter for rettsinforma- University College (NDUC)). Universität Bielefeld, en felles forståelse; ikke nød- ferd og aldring 30.01.2018: HiOA). tikk, Institutt for privatrett, FIKS = Bygge kompetanse for å Bielefeld, Tyskland. vendigvis bindende]. (Velferdsforskningsinstituttet Det juridiske fakultet, UiO. NOVA), OsloMet, Oslo. PEN = Police Experts Network. beholde kompetanse (Fix the [Nettverk]. SIGNAL = Security in Internet

119 Governance and Networks: SNO = Statens naturoppsyn. Er UiB = Universitetet i Bergen. Analyzing the Law. en del av Miljødirektoratet og UiO = Universitetet i Oslo. Forskningsprosjekt underlagt miljøforvaltningens operative Institutt for privatrett, Det feltorgan. UiS = Universitetet i Stavanger. juridiske fakultet, UiO. TOR = The Onion Router. [Et UNDP = The United Nations SIPR = Scottish Institute for informasjonssystem beregnet Development Programme Policing Research, School of på å muliggjøre elektronisk (FNs utviklingsprogram). Social Sciences (Geography), anonymitet; del av det «the UNIS = University Center in University of Dundee, dark web»]. Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Dundee, Skottland. UiT = Universitet i Tromsø (The Norge. [Samarbeidskonsortium mel- Arctic University of Norway). Unit = Direktoratet for IKT og lom politiet i Skottland og 14 fellestjenester for høyere ut- skotske universiteter]. UI = University of Iceland, Island. danning og forskning.

120 121 Research at the Norwegian Police University College

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