DOCSLIB.ORG

ANNUAL REPORT 2 014 COPY LAYOUT PRINT PHOTOS the Norwegian Newmarketing AS PJ-Trykk, Oslo Lars A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ANNUAL REPORT 2 014 COPY LAYOUT PRINT PHOTOS the Norwegian Newmarketing AS PJ-Trykk, Oslo Lars A ANNUAL REPORT 2 014 COPY LAYOUT PRINT PHOTOS The Norwegian Newmarketing AS PJ-trykk, Oslo Lars A. Lien Bureau for the Marte Garmann Investigation of Ruben Skarsvåg Police Affairs Anders Nordmeland Getty Images Politiforum iStock Photo Politihøgskolen A police officer should view control and investigation of his activities as a natural part of his professional engagement. CONTENTS FOREWORD Foreword 3 access by the accused. In its work on able for the first time to meet all of the the case, the Bureau has been criticised first-year students at the Police University 10 years since the Bureau was established 4 by lawyers and the media for imposing College. The Bureau held lectures for such radical measures. It has been students in Stavern, Oslo, Kongsvinger Approval of Overtime 10 pointed out that the Bureau uses “police and Bodø. In our view, it is important that methods”. The Bureau is an investigation police employees from the basic course Custody/Incidents involving Persons in Police Custody 11 agency, not a supervisory body. It is the onwards are aware of society’s need for Police Methodology and Methodological Development 14 responsibility of the Bureau to investigate control of the police’s use of its powers. and, when there are grounds for so doing, A police officer should view control Notification of Complaints 15 to prosecute employees of the police and investigation of his/her activities and prosecuting authority. In questions as a natural part of his/her professional “The police do not answer my enquiries” 16 regarding law enforcement, we act within engagement. the framework of the legislation adopted Misuse of Police Records 17 by the politicians and under the control The Bureau wishes to commemorate of the courts. Corruption constitutes a its tenth anniversary with a seminar in Assistance to the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT) 18 threat to the fundamental principles of our May 2015 drawing attention to a topic society. A suspicion found to be supported that has occupied a central place in Prevention of Torture 20 by evidence must be taken seriously, and many cases dealt with throughout the Investigation of Cases involving Shooting by Police 22 the facts of the case must be clarified period: the police’s use of police custody by means of an objective and effective and treatment of detainees by the Case Processing at Two Levels 26 investigation. It is difficult to envisage that, police. The purpose of the seminar is to in its investigations, the Bureau should bring experience to the fore within the Statistics for 2014 28 refrain from using methods provided by framework of learning and improvement. law. This would entail that the Bureau’s The Bureau has invited speakers to the Decisions to Prosecute in 2014 32 n this annual report, the Bureau has cases were not investigated as effectively seminar from the European Committee chosen to give some thought to the as other criminal cases. No-one would find for the Prevention of Torture (CPT), the Court Cases in 2014 36 I fact that ten years have passed since that acceptable. Norwegian Bar Association and the superior Emergency Turn-outs in 2014 38 our establishment on 1 January 2005. We public prosecution authority among other review some of the major lessons learned In 2014, the demands placed by this institutions. International Cooperation in 2014 39 during this period. We also provide some corruption case on our investigation statistics for the whole period. resources had an adverse effect on the Jan Egil Presthus, Director of the Norwegian Administrative Assessments in 2014 40 execution of our remaining responsibilities. Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs In 2014, the Bureau applied a considerable The processing of other cases demanding The Bureau’s Organisation and Staffing 44 part of its resources to investigating investigative resources has been somewhat information provided by a convicted delayed. The statistics for 2014 must be Jan Egil Presthus, The Bureau’s Management Group 45 criminal alleging that a police officer had viewed in this light. Director of the Norwegian Bureau for the Persons on Assignment 45 acted corruptly. During the initial phase Investigation of Police Affairs of the investigation, the police officer was An important task for the Bureau is to 241 651 Brief Notes on some Bureau Employees 46 remanded in custody and held in isolation. contribute to police training by means During the investigation, certain documents of lectures and other dissemination of Articles from Previous Annual Reports 47 have been classified and excepted from information. In spring 2014, the Bureau was Trykksak 4 Director of the Norwegian Bureau 5 for the Investigation of Police Affairs Annual Report 2014 COMPLAINTS RECEIVED 1500 1200 900 600 300 10 YEARS SINCE 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 THE BUREAU WAS NUMBER OF DECISIONS TO PROSECUTE ESTABLISHED 120 100 80 CASE PROCESSING, ORGANISATION of regard both for clarification of the case processing on two levels and reasoned AND EFFICIENCY and for the parties to the case. Partly as a decisions. This has also been raised in the 60 Like its predecessor, SEFO, the Bureau result of evaluation of the Bureau during Bureau’s dialogue with the Ministry and has been criticised for the proportion the 10-year period (NOU 2009:12), the the Director of Public Prosecutions. Out of unprosecuted cases. Each year, the number of posts has been increased. The of regard for quality requirements and 40 On 1 January 2015, it Bureau has considered approximately Bureau currently has a permanent staff of confidence in the work of the Bureau, it 1200 complaints, but the proportion of 36 persons, and has in addition 11 persons has been agreed that the Bureau’s work 20 was ten years since the complaints resulting in penalties is low, engaged on assignment. In accordance routines should not be simplified. establishment of the Bureau. between 3% and 8%. It is particularly the with stipulations, the Bureau has a two-level 0 large proportion of unprosecuted cases organisation. In 2014, the Bureau considered a number 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 This provides an opportunity rather than the individual cases themselves of cases that can be viewed as particularly that has been used as a basis for criticising All cases are dealt with on two levels, labour-intensive. In view of this and the to sum up experience from the Bureau’s decisions. During the ten by the investigation divisions and by failure of the Bureau over time to meet our own activities and the years, few individual decisions have been the Director. The Bureau has developed its targets, the Director of the Bureau subjected to broad debate. Comparisons routines involving thorough documentation considers that a certain strengthening of AVERAGE CASE PROCESSING TIME IN CASES DECIDED agencies that the Bureau is that the Bureau has made with the other of assessment of evidence and legal the core staff may be called for. 300 responsible for investigating. Nordic countries’ units with partially the assessments in recommendations and same mandate, show considerable decisions. In all cases prosecuted, a Within the framework of the current rules, similarity in the proportion of cases resulting reasoned prosecution decision is provided the Bureau has attached importance to 250 in penalties. in writing. Of course, the organisation and transparency with regard to cases and the requirements regarding reasoned work. The Bureau currently publishes brief 200 During certain periods, the Bureau’s case decisions, etc. have an effect on the speed summaries of all decisions on its website. processing time has been excessive both in with which cases can be dealt with. Among Decisions in cases of general interest are 150 relation to stated targets and in relation to others, local trade unions have advocated published in their entirety in anonymised what has been regarded as desirable out relaxation of the requirements regarding form. 100 50 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 6 Director of the Norwegian Bureau THE BUREAU’S CASES WHERE POLICE EMPLOYEES IN ADDITION TO OTHER 7 for the Investigation of Police Affairs PENALTIES, OR AS THE SOLE PENALTY, HAVE BEEN DEPRIVED OF THEIR Annual Report POSITIONS (SEE SECTION 29 OF THE PENAL CODE (2005–2014)). 2014 1. Forged diploma from the Norwegian Police University College (section 182 11. Sexually offensive behaviour (sections 201b, 124, 325 (1), etc. of the Penal of the Penal Code) (2005) Newly graduated from the Norwegian Police Code)(2008) Police Chief Inspector – man (37) – 45 days suspended University College – man (25) – 45 days suspended sentence sentence 2. Serious breaches of confidentiality (sections 121 and 325 (5) of the 12. Theft of drugs, etc.(sections 162, 127, 256, 204a. of the Penal Code) (2009) Penal Code) (2006) Police Chief Inspector – man (37) – 30 days Police Chief Inspector – man (41) – 6 months unconditional sentence suspended sentence 13. Repeated breaches of duty of confidentiality vis-à-vis media (section 121 of 3. Theft of passport, etc. (section 258, etc., section 47 of the Immigration Act) the Penal Code) (2009) Police Chief Inspector – man (56) – 90 days (60 days (2006) Police Chief Inspector – man (52) – 2 years unconditional sentence suspended sentence) 4. Embezzlement, etc. (sections 121, 255, 325 (5), etc. of the Penal Code) 14. Threats, witness tampering, etc. (sections 132a, 227, 325 (5) of the Penal (2006)* Police officer – woman (28) – fine NOK 10 000 Code) (2010) Police officer – man (31) – 90 days suspended sentence Cases and case areas 5. Drug abuse, etc. (sections 121, 258 of the Act relating to medicinal products, 15. Gross corruption, etc. (section 276b of the Penal Code) (2010) Police etc.) (2008) Police Chief Inspector – man (49) – 2 years unconditional Chief Inspector – man (52) – 1 year and 6 months unconditional sentence sentence (Norwegian Supreme Court Reports for 2011, page 477.) 6.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Research at the Norwegian Police University College
    Research at the Norwegian Police University College Slemdalsveien 5 Postboks 2109, Vika 0125 Oslo Tlf: 23 19 99 00 [email protected] www.phs.no 2018 © Politihøgskolen, Oslo 2019 Translation: Kirsti Spaven Layout: Eileen Schreiner Berglie Print: Staples Research at the Norwegian Police University College 2018 2016 and 2017 were reco- funded by the EU. In addition, active groups. One of the aims of rd years for the Norwegian there were twelve projects fun- these groups is to strengthen the Police University College ded by other external sources, academic environment at the (PHS) in terms of the and ten projects funded by PHS college across the various depart- number of publications with a collaborating partner. ments and locations. The groups and publication points These numbers show an increase are working on topics covering achieved. In 2018, however, the in the number of projects with different professional challenges number of published articles in external funding. for the police: organisation and professional journals was halved, This year’s introductory article management, education and trai- and the number of publication “Research into police reform and ning, and research methods. STRATEGI 2017-2021 points subsequently reduced. On the elephants in the room” uses as Relevant research and know- the other hand there was a doub- its starting point the book Politire- ledge development is vital for the ling in the number of monographs former: Idealer, realiteter, reto- Norwegian police and the judicia- from 2017 to 2018, so colleagues rikk og praksis (concerning the ry. This is of particular importan- have been actively participating ideals, the reality, the rhetoric and ce during the current times of 2017 was the first year in the new strategic period 2017-2021.
    [Show full text]
  • MULTICONSULT ASA Initial Public Offering of up to 10,600,000 Shares
    MULTICONSULT ASA Initial public offering of up to 10,600,000 Shares with an indicative price range of NOK 75 to NOK 78 per Share Listing of the Company's Shares on Oslo Børs This Prospectus (the "Prospectus") has been prepared by Multiconsult ASA, a public limited liability company incorporated under the laws of Norway (the "Company" and together with its subsidiaries and affiliated companies "Multiconsult" or the "Group"), solely for use in connection with (i) the initial public offering of up to 10,600,000 shares of the Company (the "Offering") and (ii) the related listing of the Company's shares (the "Shares") on Oslo Børs (the "Listing"). The Shares included in the Offering (the "Offer Shares") are offered by Stiftelsen Multiconsult (the "Lead Selling Shareholder"), a financial foundation organised under the laws of Norway and certain other shareholders as listed and described in Section 11 "The selling shareholders" (collectively, the "Selling Shareholders"). The Company will not receive any of the proceeds from the Offer Shares sold by the Selling Shareholders. The Offering consists of: (i) a private placement to (a) investors in Norway, (b) institutional investors outside Norway and the United States of America (the "U.S." or the "United States"), subject to applicable exemptions from applicable prospectus requirements, and (c) "qualified institutional buyers" ("QIBs") in the United States as defined in, and in reliance on, Rule 144A ("Rule 144A") under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "U.S. Securities Act") (the "Institutional Offering"), and (ii) a retail offering to the public in Norway (the "Retail Offering").
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2 015 COPY LAYOUT PHOTOS the Norwegian Bureau Newmarketing AS Lars A
    ANNUAL REPORT 2 015 COPY LAYOUT PHOTOS The Norwegian Bureau Newmarketing AS Lars A. Lien for the Investigation of Tore Letvik, Juristkontakt Police Affairs PRINT Politiforum PJ-trykk, Oslo iStock Photo Police Inspectorate of Kosova Thomas Haugersveen, Politiforum CONTENTS Foreword 3 The 10th Anniversary of the Bureau 4 Police Ethics 6 Investigation of Police Shootings 8 Accidental Shootings 10 Misuse of Police Records 12 Dealing with Requests for Assistance 14 International Cooperation in 2015 16 Necessary for or Considerably Facilitating Performance of Duty 18 New Provisions concerning Offences Committed in the course of Official Duty 20 Statistics 2015 22 Decisions to Prosecute 2015 26 Court Cases 2015 32 Emergency Turn-outs 2015 34 Administrative Assessments 2015 36 The Bureau’s Organisation and Staffing 38 Who Works at the Bureau – The Director of the Bureau 40 241 651 Who Works at the Bureau? – The Investigation Divisions 42 Trykksak Articles from Previous Annual Reports 46 Both the police and society at large undergo continual change. It is important for the Bureau to maintain a level of professionalism that enables assignments to be dealt with thoroughly and efficiently and as independently as possible. FOREWORD n several of its annual reports, the days, but the average processing time in Bureau has drawn attention to ques- 2015 was 204 days. The increase from 2014 I tions concerning deprivation of to 2015 was expected, and was brought liberty and the use of police custody. This about by the need to delay investigations was also a major topic when the Bureau and other processing in a number of commemorated 10 years of operation in cases owing to work on the above case May 2015.
    [Show full text]
  • Prospectus Registration Document
    Prospectus Registration document DOF ASA (a public limited liability company organized under the laws of the Kingdom of Norway) Business Registration number 935 349 230. Listing on Oslo Børs Manager 26 November 2010 This Registration Document does not constitute an offer to buy, subscribe or sell the securities described herein. This Registration Document combined with relevant Securities Document serve as a listing Prospectus as required by applicable laws and no securities are being offered or sold pursuant to this Prospectus. IMPORTANT NOTICE This Registration Document (the “Registration Document”) has been prepared by DOF ASA (“DOF” or the “Company”) for use in connection with the listing of Company’s bonds.on Oslo Børs (the “Listing”) The Registration Document combined with the relevant Securities Note constitute the Prospectus (the “Prospectus”). For the definitions of terms used throughout this Registration Document, see Section 12 “Definitions and Glossary”. This Registration Document has been prepared to comply with chapter 7 of the Norwegian Securities Trading Act of 29 June 2007 No. 75 (Nw: Verdipapirhandelloven) (“Norwegian Securities Trading Act”) and related secondary legislation including the Prospectus Directive (EC Commission Regulation EC/809/2004).The Financial Supervisory Authority of Norway (Nw: Finanstilsynet) (“NFSA”) has reviewed and approved this Registration Document in accordance with Section 7-7 and 7-8 of the Norwegian Securities Trading Act. The Registration Document has been prepared in the English language only. The information contained herein is as of the date of this Registration Document and subject to change, completion or amendment without notice. In accordance with Section 7-15 of the Norwegian Securities Trading Act, any new factor, significant error or inaccuracy that might have an effect on the assessment of the Bond Issue contemplated hereby and emerges between the time of publication of the Registration Document and the Listing, will be included in a supplement to the Registration Document.
    [Show full text]
  • Lillestrøm Sentralarrest Besøksrapport 2015
    Sivilombudsmannens forebyggingsenhet mot tortur og umenneskelig behandling ved frihetsberøvelse BESØKSRAPPORT Lillestrøm sentralarrest 2. februar 2015 Innhold 1 Om Sivilombudsmannens forebyggingsmandat .............................................................................. 2 2 Sammendrag ................................................................................................................................... 2 3 Generell informasjon om arrester i Romerike politidistrikt ............................................................ 4 4 Gjennomføring av besøket .............................................................................................................. 5 5 Funn og anbefalinger ....................................................................................................................... 5 5.1 Generelt ............................................................................................................................... 5 5.2 Hendelser og tvangsbruk ..................................................................................................... 6 5.2.1 Alvorlige hendelser .......................................................................................................... 6 5.2.2 Bruk av tvangsmidler ....................................................................................................... 7 5.2.3 Visitasjon ......................................................................................................................... 7 5.2.4 Dublering ........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Administrative and Statistical Areas English Version – SOSI Standard 4.0
    Administrative and statistical areas English version – SOSI standard 4.0 Administrative and statistical areas Norwegian Mapping Authority [email protected] Norwegian Mapping Authority June 2009 Page 1 of 191 Administrative and statistical areas English version – SOSI standard 4.0 1 Applications schema ......................................................................................................................7 1.1 Administrative units subclassification ....................................................................................7 1.1 Description ...................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.1 CityDistrict ................................................................................................................ 14 1.1.2 CityDistrictBoundary ................................................................................................ 14 1.1.3 SubArea ................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.4 BasicDistrictUnit ....................................................................................................... 15 1.1.5 SchoolDistrict ........................................................................................................... 16 1.1.6 <<DataType>> SchoolDistrictId ............................................................................... 17 1.1.7 SchoolDistrictBoundary ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Norwegian Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs
    ANNUAL REPORT CONTENT TEXT Foreword 3 Norwegian Bureau for the Investigation of Police Affairs LAYOUT Driving through red lights during emergency turn-outs 4 Newmarketing AS PRINT X-IDE Visit by a delegation from Georgia 6 COVER PHOTO Gorm Kallestad, NTB scanpix Experiential learning in the police 8 IMAGES Ole Berg-rusten / NTB scanpix Gorm Kallestad / NTB scanpix Berit Roald / NTB scanpix User survey 9 Ateliér Klingwall Lars A. Lien From random checks to full control 10 Statistics 2018 12 Police weapon management 16 Administrative assessments 2018 18 Emergency turn-outs 2018 22 Court cases 2018 24 Decisions to prosecute 2018 28 The Bureau’s organisation and staffing 32 Articles from previous annual reports 35 FOREWORD judges) ruled that the case was to be retried Supreme Court stated that, when assessing before other judges. The court was unanimous the seriousness of an act of corruption, regard in finding the former senior police officer guilty. must be paid to the category of public official The court’s order that the case be retried has concerned, and that police officers are in a been appealed to the Supreme Court. class of their own: “They exercise extensive authority on behalf of the public, and it is The case has been followed closely by the essential that they enjoy general public trust. media, which have given detailed attention to Corrupt acts committed by police officers the various aspects of the case, providing a undermine confidence in the legal system, and running commentary on the presentation of such crimes represent a threat to important evidence, including the testimonies of both principles fundamental to our society, not the defendant and the witnesses.
    [Show full text]
  • Detention of Asylum Seekers Detention of Asylum Seekers Analysis of Norway’S International Obligations, Domestic Law and Practice
    Analysis of Norway’s international obligations, domestic law and practice Detention of Asylum Seekers Detention of Asylum Seekers Analysis of Norway’s international obligations, domestic law and practice © NOAS 2014 Norsk Organisasjon for Asylsøkere www.noas.no [email protected] Published with funds from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Table of contents FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................................................5 ABBREVIATIONS ..............................................................................................................................................6 1 INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................7 1.1 Summary of main findings and recommendations ..............................................................................7 1.2 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 The scope and structure of the study .................................................................................................. 15 1.4 Methodology .........................................................................................................................................17 1.5 Definition of terms .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • SCHENGEN EVALUATION PHS Forskning 2020: 1
    STEIN ULRICH - MARTIN NØKLEBERG - HELENE O. I. GUNDHUS SCHENGEN EVALUATION SchengenNemporiatur evaluation simusa is qui a mechanism omnimendi for STEIN ULRICH - MARTIN NØKLEBERG - HELENE O. I. GUNDHUS assessingquiae pa the verrorro compliance molupta with tusapisti Schengen rulesomnienis and regulations et litiunt byestet all participatingommolor countries.eperatio etThis eos report as cuscite provides mporit a brief SCHENGEN EVALUATION introductionut autet ad to maximil the origin et andquostisitas framework of ateSchengen aut hillese evaluation. diataquias Since dolori the first – AN EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCE mechanismcomnis molleceseque was set upaut inharci 1998 aut all Schengenipis dolorrum countries quatas have remporibusbeen evaluated THE EXAMPLE OF NORWAY moreaut than ium once.doluptur audam etur ma Thecomnihit study looks fuga. at Itatur, Schengen ommolup evaluation tati- as istan hita educational ex eum voluptur experience. secupta The -aim wastion to analysecullabo. if evaluationXimolla quaectatur, has improved theeiumenet quality of erro service, mi,.Ihicias raised sequis the level et of professionalismoptatin velestem and libusant improved ullaborae educa - tionalvolendae activities consequ in the idempor police ehenisor border guardmaximusdant service of parit,a Schengen ide solorio state. min- Thecipi study tisciatur uses sin Norway cust adas euman example quo andtoribus argues qui that aut Schengen arcipid istotateevaluation es has hadsamenda a very positiveapid moloria effect spicien on how imu -the policesant in quiandic
    [Show full text]
  • TRACKING the TRAFFICKER? -A Qualitative Study of the Investigation of Trafficking in Human
    TRACKING THE TRAFFICKER? -A Qualitative Study of the Investigation of Trafficking in Human Beings in Norway. Lone Charlotte Pettersen MASTER I POLITIVITENSKAP / MASTER IN POLICE SCIENCE 2012-2015 ABSTRACT Title: The investigation of human trafficking in Norway Student: Lone Charlotte Pettersen Supervisor: Dr Maren Eline Kleiven Supervisor at the Norwegian Police University College: Dr Bjørn Barland Submitted: June 2015 Trafficking in human beings (THB) is a vast global problem where the cynic eXploitation of fellow human beings is limited only by the eXploiter’s creativity and cruelty. This paper looks upon the phenomena of THB from a law enforcement perspective, thus defining and problematizing it as a crime against humanity and a crime against international and national laws. Consequently, understanding the compleXity of the crime enables the investigator and prosecutor to better conduct criminal investigations to uncover, prevent and prosecute the crime of THB. Norway is a recipient country, and to some eXtent also a transit country, which means that the victims of THB in Norway are mostly from foreign countries. However, the numbers on THB are not reliable when it comes to describing the reality of victims that have yet to be identified by Norwegian authorities. Thus, the majority of THB-cases reported, investigated and receiving convictions, are THB for sexual exploitation. Trafficking for other types of exploitation is widely under-reported. At the same time, research on the field of trafficking in Norway has focused mainly on seXual eXploitation. However, this paper does not distinguish between the different types of exploitation. Rather, it focuses on how the police investigate the phenomena in order to be able to prosecute the traffickers.
    [Show full text]
  • Tysnes Fitjar Austevoll Kvinnherad Stord Etne Sveio Bømlo
    ENGLISH 2016 Tysnes fitjar austevoll kvinnherad stord etne Sveio bømlo www.visitsunnhordland.no Krokeide Bergen JONDAL J OS O Osøyro N Fusa D A L S T U N N E L E Halhjem N Hufthamar FOLG EFO Storebø NN Sundal TU NN Varaldsøy EL AUSTEVOLL EN en d r o Husavik Lunde j Våge Gjermundshamn f Reksteren r Fonnabu e Hatlestrand g Årsnes Odda n Stolmen Bekkjarvik Uggdal a d r Årbakka a Løfallstrand Ølve H TYSNES FOLGEFONNA ODDA Sandvikvåg Rosendal NASJONALPARK Fitjar Brandasund Møsevatnet Uskedalen Dimmelsvik FITJAR Hodnanes Jektavik Herøysund KVINNHERAD Husnes Huglo Fjæra Rubbestadneset Sunde STORD Ranavik Svortland Valen Sørstokken n de BØMLO or Sagvåg Leirvik Utåker fj ra k Matre Åkra Å Halsnøy Røldal Finnås Fjelberg Sydnes Mosterhamn Valevåg Skånevik Etnefjella Utbjoa ETNE Bjoa Etne Førde Sauda Espevær Langevåg Buavåg Vikebygd Ølen SVEIO Haukås Sandeid Sveio Knapphus Haugesund/Stavanger FROM ONARHEIM WITH VIEW AT THE KVINNHERAD MOUNTAINS -MAGNE OVE KLEPPE 3 understanding Content Content the guide 04 Sunnhordland – from the ocean to the glacier Travel tips 8 – 12 Tips for the best adventures and activities in 06 Folgefonna – the southernmost glacier in Norway Sunnhordland. 08 Round trips by car What to do 14 – 29 Sunnhordland offers soft and hard outdoor 13 Transport adventures. During summer you find a lot of cultural events and festivals. 14 Hiking Presentation of the 8 areas 30 – 79 The Sunnhordland region consists of eight 18 Cycling municipalities. Each municipality is presented 22 Boating and fishing with contact information to the tourist information, map over the municipality, activities, sights and 25 Paddling marinas.
    [Show full text]
  • Incarceration, Recidivism, and Employment
    WORKING PAPER · NO. 2019-23 Incarceration, Recidivism, and Employment Manudeep Bhuller, Gordon B. Dahl, Katrine V. Løken, Magne Mogstad FEBRUARY 2019 1126 E. 59th St, Chicago, IL 60637 Main: 773.702.5599 bfi.uchicago.edu Incarceration, Recidivism, and Employment Manudeep Bhuller∗ Gordon B. Dahl† Katrine V. Løken‡ Magne Mogstad§ February 11, 2019 Abstract: Understanding whether, and in what situations, time spent in prison is crimino- genic or preventive has proven challenging due to data availability and correlated unobservables. This paper overcomes these challenges in the context of Norway’s criminal justice system, offering new insights into how incarceration affects subsequent crime and employment. We construct a panel dataset containing the criminal behavior and labor market outcomes of the entire population, and exploit the random assignment of criminal cases to judges who differ systematically in their stringency in sentencing defendants to prison. Using judge stringency as an instrumental variable, we find that imprisonment discourages further criminal behavior, and that the reduction extends beyond incapacitation. Incarceration decreases the probability an individual will reoffend within 5 years by 29 percentage points, and reduces the number of offenses over this same period by 11 criminal charges. In comparison, OLS shows positive associations between incarceration and subsequent criminal behavior. This sharp contrast suggests the high rates of recidivism among ex-convicts is due to selection, and not a consequence of the experience of being in prison. Exploring factors that may explain the preventive effect of incarceration, we find the decline in crime is driven by individuals who were not working prior to incarceration. Among these individuals, imprisonment increases participation in programs directed at improving employability and reducing recidivism, and ultimately, raises employment and earnings while discouraging further criminal behavior.
    [Show full text]