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Industrial Exhaust Fans As Source of Power INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST FANS AS SOURCE of POWER

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Industrial Exhaust Fans As Source of Power INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST FANS AS SOURCE of POWER Industrial Exhaust Fans As Source Of Power INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST FANS AS SOURCE OF POWER 1ARCHIT PATNAIK, 2S.M.ALI KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India Abstract: The energy demand of the world has become unbridled in the past years and is augmenting by leaps and bounds. With increase in energy demand, the conventional sources of energy (fossil fuels, nuclear) are encumbered with monumental pressure and hence, the unremitting use of it, leads to dearth of fossil fuels. This has provoked an extensive research into the area of non-conventional energy sources like hydro, wind, thermal energy, etc. Out of these, the wind energy is being discussed in this paper. Wind energy has a lot of potential and advantages but its utilization is restricted due to its irregularity, geographical conditions and its availability. Our primary goal is to suggest an idea that can surmount these conundrums and utilize the wind energy to its maximum extent. This paper deals with the wind energy that can be derived from the wasted wind energy from industrial exhaust fans. The wind force from an exhaust fan can drive a small windmill and the energy generated from it will be stored in energy storage unit. The dc power stored in the battery will be converted into ac through inverter and then will be supplied to load and hence, can be utilized to meet the growing energy demand. Keywords: Wind power, Exhaust fan, Wind turbine, Electrical storage I. INTRODUCTION Local winds: These winds are caused by unequal heating and cooling of ground and The rapid depletion of natural resources and fossil ocean/lake surfaces during day and night. fuels have led to the development of alternative Planetary winds (Global winds): These sources of energy. The conventional sources of winds are engendered by daily rotation of energy are non-renewable, cause pollution, not earth around its polar axis and unequal sufficient to meet the growing energy demand. Due to temperature between polar regions and these reasons, it is imperative that we must start equatorial regions. exploring and developing methods to utilize the non- conventional energy sources to reduce too much of III. WIND POWER dependence on conventional sources. One of the most arresting form of non-conventional Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a energy is wind energy. But due to some of its useful form of energy, such as using: wind turbines to limitations, the wind energy cannot be utilized fully make electrical power, windmills for mechanical to produce electricity. This limitation can be power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage, surmounted with idea of using the wind from exhaust or sails to propel ships. fan of big industries as a source of power. Advantages of wind energy: It is renewable source of energy. II. WIND FORMATION It emits no greenhouse gases and hence non- polluting. Wind is the movement of air across the surface of the It uses very little land Earth, affected by areas of high pressure and of low Fuel transportation are not required in wind pressure. The surface of the Earth is heated unevenly energy conversion system. by the Sun, depending on factors such as the angle of Disadvantages of wind energy: incidence of the sun's rays at the surface (which Owing to its irregularity, the wind energy differs with latitude and time of day) and whether the needs storage. land is open or covered with vegetation. Also, large Availability of energy is fluctuating in bodies of water, such as the oceans, heat up and cool nature. down slower than the land. The heat energy absorbed Wind energy conversion is noisy in at the Earth's surface is transferred to the air directly operation. above it and, as warmer air is less dense than cooler air, it rises above the cool air to form areas of high Low energy density pressure and thus pressure differentials. The rotation Maintenance is required. of the Earth drags the atmosphere around with it Wind turbines design, manufacture and causing turbulence. These effects combine to cause a installation have proved to be most complex constantly varying pattern of winds across the surface due to several variables and extreme of the Earth. stresses. Its implementation is limited due to Sources of wind are discussed below [1]: geographical locations. Proceedings of 6th IACEECE-2013, 29th September 2013, Chennai, India. ISBN: 978-93-82702-31-3 35 Industrial Exhaust Fans As Source Of Power IV. ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION process. Then inverter will convert the stored dc FROM WIND ENERGY HISTORY energy into ac. This ac energy can be supplied to the load and grid. In July 1887, a Scottish academic, Professor James This mechanism beget several advantages: Blyth, built a cloth-sailed wind turbine in the garden Wasted wind force from the exhaust fan can of his holiday cottage in Marykirk and used the be utilized to generated electrical power. electricity it produced to charge accumulators which It will surmount the present day problems of he used to power the lights in his cottage. His wind energy conversion, that is, it can experiments culminated in a UK patent in 1891. In provide a constant source of wind and the the winter of 1887/8 US inventor Charles F. Brush wind fluctuations can be surmounted. produced electricity using a wind powered generator It will not be affected by geographical which powered his home and laboratory until about locations and hence can be implemented in 1900. In the 1890s, the Danish scientist and inventor many big industries. Poul la Cour constructed wind turbines to generate It will be plentiful, renewable and eco- electricity, which was used to produce hydrogen and friendly source of energy. Oxygen by electrolysis and a mixture of the two The stored energy can be used when main gases was stored for use as a fuel. La Cour was the supply is cut off. Hence, can be used as a first to discover that fast rotating wind turbines with emergency unit. fewer rotor blades were the most efficient in generating electricity and in 1904 he founded the Society of Wind Electricians [2]. By the mid-1920s, 1 to 3-kilowatt wind generators developed by companies such as Parris-Dunn and Jacobs Wind-electric found widespread use in the rural areas of the mid western Great Plains of the US but by the 1940s the demand for more power and the coming of the electrical grid throughout those areas made these small generators obsolete. During the 1920s the first vertical axis wind turbine was built by Frenchman George Darrieus and in 1931 a 100 kW precursor to the modern horizontal wind generator was used in Yalta, in the USSR. In 1956 Johannes Juul, a former student of la Cour, built a 200 kW, three-bladed turbine at Gedser in Denmark, which influenced the design af many later turbines. In 1975 the United States Department of Energy funded a project to develop utility-scale wind turbines. The NASA wind turbines project built thirteen experimental turbines which paved the way for much of the technology used today. Since then, turbines have increased greatly in size with the Enercon E-126 capable of delivering up to 7 MW. Wind turbine production has expanded to many countries and wind power is expected to grow worldwide in the twenty-first century. V. WORKING PRINCIPLE The exhaust fan in big industries can play a seminal role in producing electrical energy which can surmount the energy demand to certain extent. The wind force from the exhaust fan can be directed Fig 1.Flow chart of the process of using exhaust fan as a source towards a small windmill in front of it. The wind of power Wind energy thrust from the exhaust fan can drive wind turbine and these wind turbines produce electricity which can Wind energy is the kinetic energy of air in motion, be stored in storage unit. also called wind. Total wind energy flowing through The storage unit may vary according to the an imaginary area A during the time t is[2]: production of electricity from the wind turbines. Preferably ultra capacitors can be used to store monumental amount of energy produced in the ………………………(1) Proceedings of 6th IACEECE-2013, 29th September 2013, Chennai, India. ISBN: 978-93-82702-31-3 36 Industrial Exhaust Fans As Source Of Power where ρ is the air density; v is the wind speed; Avt is operating in. Once we incorporate various the volume of air passing through A (which is engineering requirements of a wind turbine - strength considered perpendicular to the direction of the and durability in particular – the real world limit is wind); Avtρ is therefore the mass m passing per unit well below the Betz Limit with values of 0.35-0.45 time. Note that ½ ρv2 is the kinetic energy of the common even in the best designed wind turbines. moving air per unit volume. Hence, the power equation becomes Power is energy per unit time, so the wind power Power generated =0.5×A×ρ× Cp× v3 incident on A (e.g. equal to the rotor area of a wind ……………………………………… (4) turbine) is: Typical modern wind turbines have diameters of 40 to 90 metres (130 to 300 ft) and are rated between 500 kW and 2 MW. These values are being tabulated ………………………………………………...... (2) below and the power that can be generated using the Wind power in an open air stream is thus proportional wind from the exhaust fan (taking the exhaust fan to the third power of the wind speed; the available specification of sinter plant 2) is calculated.
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