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Wind Energy for Future Wind Energy For Future Presented by: Email id: 1)[email protected] V.ARAVIND 2) [email protected] C.VENKATESHWARAN Mobile no: 1).7401128404 Department Of Mechanical Engineering 2).9942203321 Velammal Engineering College Chennai. It doesn’t matter how many resources you have……. If you don’t know how to use them…they will never be enough…….!!! the RE sources started to appear in the Abstract agenda and hence the wind energy gained significant interest. As a result of extensive Towards the end of 20th and beginning of studies on this topic, wind energy has the 21st centuries, interest has risen in new recently been applied in various industries, and renewable energy(RE) sources and it started to compete with other energy especially windenergy for electricity resources. In this paper, wind energy is generation. The scientists and researchers reviewed and opened for further discussion. attempted to accelerate solutions for Wind energy history, wind-power windenergy generation design parameters. meteorology, the energy–climate relations, Our life is directly related to energy and its wind-turbine technology, wind economy, consumption, and the issues of energy wind–hybrid applications and the current research are extremely important and highly status of installed wind energy capacity all sensitive. over the world reviewed critically with further enhancements and new research trend direction suggestions. In a short time, wind energy is welcomed by society, industry and politics as a clean, practical, economical and environmentally friendly alternative. After the 1973 oil crisis, Keywords: on the environment are generally less problematic than those from other power Wind farm, wind mill, offshore sources. As of 2011, 83 countries around the world are using wind power on a commercial windfarms, microgenerators basis. As of 2010 wind energy production was over 2.5% of worldwide power, growing at more Wind Energy than 25% per annum. The monetary cost per unit of energy produced is similar to the cost for new Wind power is the conversion of wind coal and natural gas installations. Although wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as power is a popular form of energy generation, using: wind turbines to make electricity, the construction of wind farms is not universally windmills for mechanical power, windpumps for welcomed due to aesthetics. water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships. Although very consistent from year to year, wind power has significant variation over shorter timescales. The intermittency of wind seldom creates problems when used to supply up to 20% of total electricity demand, but as the proportion increases, a need to upgrade the grid, and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production can occur. Power management techniques such as having excess capacity storage, dispatchable backing supplies (usually natural gas), storage such as pumped-storage hydroelectricity, exporting and importing power to neighboring areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can greatly mitigate these problems.[5] A large wind farm may consist of several hundred individual wind turbines which are connected to the electric power transmission Ways to use Wind Energy network. Offshore wind farms can harness more frequent and powerful winds than are available Mechanical Power to land-based installations and have less visual Sailboats and sailing ships have been impact on the landscape but construction costs using wind power for thousands of years, and are considerably higher. Small onshore wind architects have used wind-driven natural facilities are used to provide electricity to ventilation in buildings since similarly ancient isolated locations and utility companies times. The use of wind to provide mechanical increasingly buy back surplus electricity power came somewhat later in antiquity. The produced by small domestic wind turbines. wind wheel of the Greek engineer Heron of Wind power, as an alternative to fossil Alexandria in the 1st century AD is the earliest fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, known instance of using a wind-driven wheel to clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions power a machine. during operation and uses little land. Any effects Marykirk and used the electricity it produced to charge accumulators which he used to power the lights in his cottage. His experiments culminated in a UK patent in 1891. In the winter of 1887/8 US inventor Charles F. Brush produced electricity using a wind powered generator which powered his home and laboratory until about 1900. In the 1890s, the Danish scientist and inventor Poul la Cour constructed wind turbines to generate electricity, which was used to produce hydrogen and Oxygen by electrolysis and a mixture of the two gases was stored for use as a fuel. La Cour was the first to discover that fast rotating wind turbines with fewer rotor The first practical windmills were in use blades were the most efficient in generating in Iran at least by the 9th century and possibly as electricity and in 1904 he founded the Society of early as the 7th century. The use of windmills Wind Electricians. became widespread use across the Middle East and Central Asia, and later spread to China and India. By 1000 AD, windmills were used to pump seawater for salt-making in China and Sicily. Windmills were used extensively in Northwestern Europe to grind flour from the 1180s, and wind pumps were used to drain land for agriculture and for building. Early immigrants to the New World brought the technology with them from Europe. In the US, the development of the "water-pumping windmill" was the major factor in allowing the farming and ranching of vast areas otherwise devoid of readily accessible water. Wind pumps contributed to the expansion of rail transport systems throughout the world, By the mid-1920s, 1 to 3-kilowatt wind by pumping water from water wells for steam generators developed by companies such as locomotives. The multi-bladed wind turbine atop Parris-Dunn and Jacobs Wind-electric found a lattice tower made of wood or steel was, for widespread use in the rural areas of the many years, a fixture of the landscape midwestern Great Plains of the US but by the throughout rural America. 1940s the demand for more power and the coming of the electrical grid throughout those Electrical power areas made these small generators obsolete. In July 1887, a Scottish academic, During the 1920s the first vertical axis Professor James Blyth, built a cloth-sailed wind wind turbine was built by Frenchman George turbine in the garden of his holiday cottage in Darrieus and in 1931 a 100 kW precursor to the modern horizontal wind generator was used in Yalta, in the USSR. In 1956 Johannes Juul, a former student of la Cour, built a 200 kW, three- bladed turbine at Gedser in Denmark, which influenced the design of many later turbines. In 1975 the United States Department of Energy funded a project to develop utility-scale Wind Farm: wind turbines. The NASA wind turbines project A wind farm is a group of wind turbines built thirteen experimental turbines which paved in the same location used for production of the way for much of the technology used today. electricity. A large wind farm may consist of Since then, turbines have increased greatly in several hundred individual wind turbines, and size with the Enercon E-126 capable of cover an extended area of hundreds of square delivering up to 7 MW. Wind turbine production miles, but the land between the turbines may be has expanded to many countries and wind power used for agricultural or other purposes. A wind is expected to grow worldwide in the twenty- farm may also be located offshore. first century. Distribution of Wind Speed: Almost all large wind turbines have the same design — a horizontal axis wind turbine The strength of wind varies, and an having an upwind rotor with three blades, average value for a given location does not alone attached to a nacelle on top of a tall tubular indicate the amount of energy a wind turbine tower. In a wind farm, individual turbines are could produce there. To assess the frequency of interconnected with a medium voltage (often wind speeds at a particular location, a 34.5 kV), power collection system and probability distribution function is often fit to communications network. At a substation, this the observed data. Different locations will have medium-voltage electric current is increased in different wind speed distributions. The Weibull voltage with a transformer for connection to the model closely mirrors the actual distribution of high voltage electric power transmission system. hourly wind speeds at many locations. The Weibull factor is often close to 2 and therefore a Feeding into grid Rayleigh distribution can be used as a less Induction generators, often used for wind accurate, but simpler model. power, require reactive power for excitation so substations used in wind-power collection with the total available generation capacity. systems include substantial capacitor banks for There is no generally accepted maximum level power factor correction. Different types of wind of wind penetration. The limit for a particular turbine generators behave differently during grid will depend on the existing generating transmission grid disturbances, so extensive plants, pricing mechanisms, capacity for storage modelling of the dynamic electromechanical or demand management and other factors. An characteristics of a new wind farm is required by interconnected electricity grid will already transmission system operators to ensure include reserve generating and transmission predictable stable behaviour during system faults capacity to allow for equipment failures. This (see: Low voltage ride through). In particular, reserve capacity can also serve to compensate induction generators cannot support the system for the varying power generation produced by voltage during faults, unlike steam or hydro wind plants.
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