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Kepulauan Filipina Menjadi Koloni Spanyol Selama Abad Ke 16; Belakang: Kemudian Diserahkan Kepada AS Pada 1898 Akibat Perang Spanyol-Amerika

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Kepulauan Filipina Menjadi Koloni Spanyol Selama Abad Ke 16; Belakang: Kemudian Diserahkan Kepada AS Pada 1898 Akibat Perang Spanyol-Amerika Perkenalan Filipina Latar Kepulauan Filipina menjadi koloni spanyol selama abad ke 16; Belakang: kemudian diserahkan kepada AS pada 1898 akibat Perang Spanyol-Amerika. Pada 1935 Filipina menjadi persemakmuran dengan pemerintahan sendiri. Manuel QUEZON merupakan Presiden terpilih dan ditugasi mempersiapkan negara akan kemerdekaan setelah transisi selam 10 tahun. Pada 1942, Filipina jatuh ke kekuasaan Jepang saat PDII, dan pasukan AS dan Filipina berjuang bersama saat 1944-45 untuk merebut kembali kekuasaan. Pada 4 Juli 1946 Filipina memperoleh kembali kemerdekaan mereka. Pemerintahan selam 20 tahun oleh Ferdinand MARCOS berakhir di 1986, pemberontak populer memaksa dia ke pengungsian dan menunjuk Corazon AQUINO sebagai presiden. Masa kepresidenannya terganggu oleh beberapa percobaan kudeta, yang mencegah kembalinya stabilitas politik dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Fidel RAMOS adalah presiden terpilih pada 1992 dan pemerintahannya ditandai stabilitas dan kemajuan yang pesat dalam reformasi ekonomi. Pada 1992, AS menutup basis militernya yang terakhir di Filipina. Joseph ESTRADA merupakan presiden terpilih pada 1998, namun digantikan oleh wakil presidennya, Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO, pada Januari 2001 setelah pengadilan impeachment atas tuduhan korupsi diikuti demonstrasi yang meluas menuntut penurunannya. MACAPAGAL-ARROYO dipilih untuk masa dinas enam tahun pada Mei 2004. pemerintahan Filipina mengalami ancaman dari gerakan komunis bersenjata dan dari separatis Muslim di Selatan. Geografi Filipina Lokasi: Asia bagian Tenggara, nusantara antaraLaut Fillipina dan Laut Cina Selatan, timur Vietnam Koordinat 13 00 U, 122 00 T Geografi: Referensi Asia Tenggara Peta: Wilayah: total: 300,000 km² Daratan: 298,170 km² perairan: 1,830 km² Perbatasan 0 km darat: Garis pantai: 36,289 km Klaim Wilayah laut: poligon tak beraturan terbentang ke atas sampai maritim: 100 nm dari garis pantai sesuai perjanjian tahun 1898; sejak akhir 1980an juga telah mengklaim wilayah berbentuk poligonal di Laut Cina Selatan sampai luas 285 nm zona ekonomi eksklusif: 200 nm continental shelf: sampai kedalaman eksploitasi Iklim: Kelautan tropis; monsoon timur laut (November sampai April); monsoon barat daya (Mei sampai Oktober) Bentuk Sebagian besar peguningan dengan dataran rendah dekat pantai daratan: yang sempit sampai luas Tinggi Titik terendah: Laut Filipina 0 m ekstrim di titik tertinggi: Gunung Apo 2,954 m atas garis laut: Sumber daya Kayu, minyak tanah, nikel, kobalt, perak, emas, garam, alam: tembaga Penggunaan Lahan pertanian: 19% tanah: panen permanen: 16.67% lain: 64.33% (2005) Tanah 15,500 km² (2003) teririgasi: Bencana Sabuk topan terbuka, biasanya dipengaruhi 15 dan diserang alam: oleh lima sampai enam badai siklonis per tahun; longsor; gunung berapi aktif; gempa yang merusak; tsunami Isu Penggundulan hutan yang tak terkontrol khususnya di wilayah lingkungan lereng air; erosi tanah; polusi udara dan air di pusat kota; terbaru: degradasi karang; polusi yang meningkat akibat rawa bakau pantai yang penting bagi lahan pembiakan ikan Perjanjian pendukung: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change- Lingkungan Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Internasional: Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling ditandatangani, tapi tidak disahkan: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Catatan- Kepulauan Filipina terdiri dari 7.107 pulau; yang kebanyakan geografi: terletak di wilayah laut utama Asia Tenggara: Laut Cina Selatan, Laut Filipina, Laut Sulu, Laut Celebes, dan Selat Luzon Penduduk Filipina Populasi: 89,468,677 (July 2006 ) Struktur usia: 0-14 tahun: 35% (laki-laki 15,961,365/perempuan 15,340,065) 15-64 tahun: 61% (laki-laki 27,173,919/perempuan 27,362,736) 65 tahun dan lebih: 4.1% (laki-laki 1,576,089/perempuan 2,054,503) (2006 ) Usia rata- total: 22.5 tahun rata: laki-laki: 22 tahun perempuan: 23 tahun (2006 ) Tingkat 1.8% (2006 ) pertumbuhan populasi : Tingkat 24.89 kelahirans/1,000 populasi (2006 ) kelahiran: Tingkat 5.41 kematians/1,000 populasi (2006 ) kematian: Tingkat -1.48 migran/1,000 populasi (2006 ) migrasi netto: Perbandingan saat kelahiran: 1.05 laki-laki/perempuan jenis kelamin: under 15 tahun: 1.04 laki-laki/perempuan 15-64 tahun: 0.99 laki-laki/perempuan 65 tahun da lebih: 0.77 laki-laki/perempuan total populasi: 1 laki-laki/perempuan (2006 ) Tingkat hidup total: 22.81 kematian/1,000 kelahiran bayi: laki-laki: 25.59 kematian/1,000 kelahiran perempuan: 19.89 kematian/1,000 kelahiran (2006 ) Harapan total populasi: 70.21 tahun hidup saat laki-laki: 67.32 tahun lahir: perempuan: 73.24 tahun (2006 ) Tingkat total 3.11 anal lahir/perempuan (2006 ) kesuburan: HIV/AIDS – Kurang dari 0.1% (2003 ) tingkat kelaziman orang dewasa: HIV/AIDS – 9,000 (2003 ) orang hidup dengan HIV/AIDS: HIV/AIDS - Kurang dari 500 (2003 ) kematian: Penyakit Tingkat risiko: tinggi menular penykit menular lewat makanan atau air: bacterial diarrhea, utama: hepatitis A, dan demam typhoid vectorborne diseases: demam berdarah dan malaria berisiko tinggi di beberapa wilayah Penyakit akibat kontak dengan buinatang: rabies (2005) Nasionalitas: noun: Filipino(s) adjective: Philippine Suku bangsa: Tagalog 28.1%, Cebuano 13.1%, Ilocano 9%, Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%, Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%, Bikol 6%, Waray 3.4%, other 25.3% (2000 census) Agama: Roman Catholic 80.9%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, Muslim 5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census) Bahasa: Dua bahasa resmi - Filipino (berdasarkan Tagalog) dan Inggris; delapan dialek utama - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano, Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, dan Pangasinan Melek huruf: definisi: usia 15 and over can read and write total populasi: 92.6% laki-laki: 92.5% perempuan: 92.7% (2002) Pemerintah Filipina Nama negara: Bentuk panjang konvensional: Republik Filipina bentuk pendek konvensional: Filipina bentuk panjang Lokal: Republika ng Pilipinas bentuk pendek lokal: Pilipinas Bentuk republik pemerintahan: Ibukota: nama: Manila koordinat geografis: 14 35 U, 121 00 T perbedaan waktu: UTC+8 (13 lebih dulu dari waktu Washington, DC saat Standard Time) Pembagian 79 provinsi and 117 kota chartered administratif: provinsi: Abra, Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Aklan, Albay, Antique, Apayao, Aurora, Basilan, Bataan, Batanes, Batangas, Biliran, Benguet, Bohol, Bukidnon, Bulacan, Cagayan, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Camiguin, Capiz, Catanduanes, Cavite, Cebu, Compostela, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Oriental, Eastern Samar, Guimaras, Ifugao, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Iloilo, Isabela, Kalinga, Laguna, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, La Union, Leyte, Maguindanao, Marinduque, Masbate, Mindoro Occidental, Mindoro Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Oriental, Mountain Province, Negros Occidental, Negros Oriental, North Cotabato, Northern Samar, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, Palawan, Pampanga, Pangasinan, Quezon, Quirino, Rizal, Romblon, Samar, Sarangani, Siquijor, Sorsogon, South Cotabato, Southern Leyte, Sultan Kudarat, Sulu, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Tarlac, Tawi-Tawi, Zambales, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay kota chartered: Alaminos, Angeles, Antipolo, Bacolod, Bago, Baguio, Bais, Balanga, Batangas, Bayawan, Bislig, Butuan, Cabanatuan, Cadiz, Cagayan de Oro, Calamba, Calapan, Calbayog, Candon, Canlaon, Cauayan, Cavite, Cebu, Cotabato, Dagupan, Danao, Dapitan, Davao, Digos, Dipolog, Dumaguete, Escalante, Gapan, General Santos, Gingoog, Himamaylan, Iligan, Iloilo, Isabela, Iriga, Kabankalan, Kalookan, Kidapawan, Koronadal, La Carlota, Laoag, Lapu- Lapu, Las Pinas, Legazpi, Ligao, Lipa, Lucena, Maasin, Makati, Malabon, Malaybalay, Malolos, Mandaluyong, Mandaue, Manila, Marawi, Markina, Masbate, Muntinlupa, Munoz, Naga, Olongapo, Ormoc, Oroquieta, Ozamis, Pagadian, Palayan, Panabo, Paranaque, Pasay, Pasig, Passi, Puerto Princesa, Quezon, Roxas, Sagay, Samal, San Carlos (in Negros Occidental), San Carlos (in Pangasinan), San Fernando (in La Union), San Fernando (in Pampanga), San Jose, San Jose del Monte, San Pablo, Santa Rosa, Santiago, Silay, Sipalay, Sorsogon, Surigao, Tabaco, Tacloban, Tacurong, Tagaytay, Tagbilaran, Taguig, Tagum, Talisay (in Cebu), Talisay (in Negros Oriental), Tanauan, Tangub, Tanjay, Tarlac, Toledo, Tuguegarao, Trece Martires, Urdaneta, Valencia, Valenzuela, Victorias, Vigan, Zamboanga Kemerdekaan: 12 Juni 1898 (dari Spanyol) Hari libur Hari Kemerdekaan, 12 Juni (1898); note - 12 Juni 1898 adalah nasional: tanggal proklamasi kemerdekaan dari Spanyol; 4 Juli 1946 adalah tanggal hari kemerdekaan dari AS Undang- 2 Februari 1987, efektif 11 Februari 1987 undang: Sistem legal: Berdasarkan hukum Spanyol dan Anglo-American; menerima jurisdiksi wajib ICJ, dengan reservasi Batas usia 18 tahun; universal memilih: Cabang Kepala negara: Presiden Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO eksekutif: (sejak 20 Januari 2001); note – presiden adalah kepala negara dan kepala pemerintahan Kepala pemerintahan: Presiden Gloria MACAPAGAL- ARROYO (sejak 20 Januari 2001); note - presiden adalah kepala negara dan kepala pemerintahan kabinet: kabinet dipilih oleh presiden dengan persetujuan Komisi Penunjukan pemilihan: presiden dan wakil presiden (Manuel "Noli" DE CASTRO) terpilih pada kartu pemilihan yang berbeda berdasarkan suara terbanyak untuk masa tugas enam tahun; pemilihan terakhir diadakan 10 Mei 2004 (berikutnya diadakan Mei 2010) hasil pemilihan: Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO elected presiden terpilih; persentase suara-
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