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Study for the Harmonization of Vehicle Overload Control in the East African Community

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Study for the Harmonization of Vehicle Overload Control in the East African Community The East African Trade and Transport Facilitation Project (EATTFP) Study for the Harmonization of Vehicle Overload Control in the East African Community Final Report September 2011 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY PADECO Co., Ltd. AFD JR 11-007 Study for the Harmonization of Vehicle Overload Control in the East African Community Final Report Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... ES-1 Chapter 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Background of the Study ......................................................................................1-2 1.3 Objective of the Study ..........................................................................................1-2 1.4 Study Area............................................................................................................1-3 1.5 Chronology of the Study .......................................................................................1-3 1.6 Structure and Contents of the Report.....................................................................1-4 1.7 Achievements .......................................................................................................1-5 Chapter 2 Existing Laws and Regulations.....................................................................2-1 2.1 Country-by-Country Review.................................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Burundi .........................................................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Kenya ............................................................................................................2-1 2.1.3 Rwanda .........................................................................................................2-5 2.1.4 Tanzania ........................................................................................................2-6 2.1.5 Uganda ..........................................................................................................2-8 2.2 Cross-Country Comparison and Analysis ..............................................................2-9 2.2.1 Maximum Permissible Axle Load Limits and Gross Vehicle/Combination Mass/Weight ..................................................................................................2-9 2.2.2 Other Issues ................................................................................................. 2-11 2.3 Toward Harmonization within the EAC and with SADC and COMESA ............. 2-15 Chapter 3 The EAC Regional Trunk Road Network and Its Maintenance ..................3-1 3.1 Existing Conditions and Status of Roads and Bridges Comprising the Regional Trunk Road Network ............................................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Road Authorities in the Region ......................................................................3-1 3.1.2 Provision and Development of Roads and Bridges .........................................3-1 3.1.3 Maintenance and Management of Roads and Bridges .....................................3-2 3.1.4 Outline of the Regional Trunk Road Network in the EAC Region ..................3-3 3.2 Maintenance Cost ............................................................................................... 3-14 3.2.1 Expenditures for Road Development and Maintenance................................. 3-14 3.2.2 Unit Costs of Road Maintenance Works ....................................................... 3-14 3.3 Design Standards Adopted by EAC Partner States............................................... 3-15 3.3.1 Pavement Design (Design for Asphalt Concrete Pavement Structure) ........... 3-15 3.3.2 Bridge Design (Live Loads Assumed in the Design Standards) ..................... 3-18 Chapter 4 Existing Charges/Fees/Fines and Strategy for Harmonized Charging ........4-1 4.1 Country-by-Country Review.................................................................................4-1 4.1.1 Burundi .........................................................................................................4-1 4.1.2 Kenya ............................................................................................................4-4 4.1.3 Rwanda .........................................................................................................4-8 i Study for the Harmonization of Vehicle Overload Control in the East African Community Final Report 4.1.4 Tanzania ...................................................................................................... 4-10 4.1.5 Uganda ........................................................................................................ 4-12 4.2 Cross-Country Comparison ................................................................................ 4-15 4.2.1 Road Fund Revenue and Revenue Sources ................................................... 4-15 4.2.2 Current System to Collect Overload Charges ............................................... 4-17 4.3 Funding Needs ................................................................................................... 4-18 4.3.1 Methodologies and Assumptions .................................................................. 4-18 4.3.2 Estimation by Country ................................................................................. 4-23 4.3.3 Effect of Differences in Power for Axle Loads in Highway Damage Estimation ................................................................................................... 4-26 4.4 Responsibility for Overloading ........................................................................... 4-28 4.4.1 Assumptions for Overloaded Traffic ............................................................ 4-29 4.4.2 Maintenance Cost Estimation ....................................................................... 4-31 4.5 Charges for Overloading ..................................................................................... 4-32 4.5.1 Proposed Principles for Overloading Charges .............................................. 4-32 4.5.2 Estimation of the Level of Overloading Charges .......................................... 4-35 Chapter 5 Axle Load and Gross Vehicle Mass Limits ...................................................5-1 5.1 Existing Maximum Load Limits in EAC/COMESA/SADC Countries and the Rest of the World ..................................................................................................5-1 5.1.1 Load Limits Agreed at the Tripartite EAC/COMESA/SADC Meeting, 2008 ..............................................................................................................5-1 5.1.2 Country-Specific Regulations on Axle Load Limits in Countries Other Than Those Listed Above ..............................................................................5-2 5.2 Verification of Axle Load Limits ..........................................................................5-5 5.2.1 Background ...................................................................................................5-5 5.2.2 Results...........................................................................................................5-7 5.2.3 Summary .......................................................................................................5-9 5.3 Verification of Maximum Permissible Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) Limits as Agreed by the 2008 Tripartite Meeting ............................................................... 5-10 5.3.1 Verification by Safety Factor to be Employed in Bridge Structure Design .... 5-10 5.3.2 Recommended GVM Limits Suited to Regional Characteristics ................... 5-14 5.4 Introduction of a Bridge Formula ........................................................................ 5-16 Chapter 6 Accommodation of Vehicle Technology Development ..................................6-1 6.1 Vehicle Configurations/Combination Types ..........................................................6-1 6.2 Super-Single or Wide-Based Tyres ........................................................................6-2 6.3 Liftable Axles .......................................................................................................6-6 6.3.1 Definition ......................................................................................................6-6 6.3.2 Truck or Truck Tractor Application ................................................................6-6 6.3.3 Trailer or Semi-Trailer Application ................................................................6-6 6.3.4 Examples of Liftable Axles ............................................................................6-6 6.3.5 Other Remarks on Liftable Axles ...................................................................6-9 6.3.6 Recommendations .........................................................................................6-9 6.4 Front Tandem Axle Unit of Drawbar Trailers ...................................................... 6-10 6.5 Interlink or B-doubles Configuration .................................................................. 6-12 ii Study for the Harmonization of Vehicle Overload Control in the East African Community Final Report 6.6 Self-Regulation .................................................................................................
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