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Irina MIKHAYLOVA Thinking in Schemes. a Strategy of The Irina MIKHAYLOVA Thinking in Schemes. A Strategy of the Champions Moscow 2012 Y,UK794 EEK 75.581 M69 Reviewers: Professors MM Bogen and E.G. Kiseleva Mikhaylova I. V. Thinking in Schemes. A Strategy of the Champions. - M., RSUSS "SOYUZ", 2012, 272p. Te chnical editor: A. Elkov Translated fromthe Russian edition by V. Kotlovyi In this book Irina Mikhaylova, PhD-International Grandmaster, Coach of the Highest Qualification-studies a most important direction in the development of strategic mastery: the method of "Thinking in Schemes". The method has been applied by World Chess Champions with a great success. The book presents analyses of about 500 examples from their practice, positions for unsupervised work and practical recommendations. Undoubtedly, this book will beof help to those who want to perfect their play practice as well as coaching work. Mikhaylova Irina V. A Textbook Thinking in Schemes. A Strategy of the Champions Passed for printing 11.04.2012. Format60x90/16. TypefaceNewtonC. Press sheets 17,00. Published by RSUSS "SOYUZ" © Mikhaylova Irina, 2012 FOREWORD Many people in their youth en­ thusiastically read chess books. Through their books the authors frequently become somebody's first chess teachers. Reflection on the read material helps to develop chess views and abilities. The formation of my style was influenced to a great extent by A. Alekhine's book "My Selected Games". In many of his games reigned logic. Alexander Alekhine was looking not for certain moves, but sought to perceive the depth of chess, the logic of events on the board, and only then to find the best continuations with regard to the chosen plan of game. The book offered to you, dear reader, it seems to me, is interesting , origi­ nal and useful . It may help you to develop your own style of play. The subject "thinking in schemes" receives such a detailed and comprehensive treat­ ment, possibly, for the first time in chess literature. Such a way of thinking was used by many known chess players in their games with a great success. In my view, you can develop your chess mastery by studying well-selected examples from the creative work of the world's best chess players. The prob­ lem method of exposition favours better learning and understanding of the material. Undoubtedly, this book will be of help to those who want to perfect their play practice as well as coaching work. I would like to wish the author success in her further creative work! Vasily Smyslov, the 7111 World Chess Champion «There is a generally accepted division of chess players into those who calculate variations and those who think in schemes by laying stress on the strategic elements of chess play.» G. Kasparov, the 13th World Chess Champion THINKING IN SCHEMES As the German Grandmaster pointed out that the most wide­ R. Te ichmann -"one of the fin - spread mistake in the games against est positional chess players" in the strong chess players is in trying to wo rds of J.-R. Capablanca-once outplay them in tactical complica­ remarked, "Chess is 99 percent tac­ tions: grandmasters calculate varia­ tics". By now, there have been pub­ tions with lightning speed. But for­ lished many textbooks and problem mulation of strategic tasks may lead books in which there are hundreds, to success, because the hardest thing even thousands of examples serving even forthe strongest chess players is for the development of combina­ planning, locating the most favour­ tional vision and variations calcula­ able placement of pieces for attack tion skills. At the same time, there is as well as fordefence. an almost total lack of the chess lit­ erature showing a sufficientnumber Grandmaster A. A Kotov rec­ of examples forthe development of ollects: "Once, during the J"d Mos­ positional insight. But strategy, even cow International To urnament held if it occupies only one percent, is a in 1936, several chess masters were kind of "nucleus" surrounded with analysing the ending of a game. Th ey "electrons" of variations; and if this could not find any solution, but there nucleus is missing, the "matter" of was more than enough of arguing. chess play breaks up. Suddenly, into the tiny room where Planning is one of the most im­ theywere analysing the game walked portant and the hardest elements of Capablanca, who loved to stroll about chess mastery. Grandmaster A.A. while waiting/or his turn tomove. On Kotov, when speaking about the learning the cause of the dispute, the tactics of playing in time-trouble, imp osing Cuban suddenly scattered Thinking in Schemes 5 the pieces all over the board and then Let's hand the wordover to M.M. showed what kind of arrangement the Botvinnik: «At this moment we both active side should try to achieve. It is became thoughtfal. Whatshoul d we not a slip of the tongue: Don Jose had do, really? If one moves the black literally scattered the pieces without king, then Whitewill seize the square making any moves, but simply placed f6, ifthe knight moves-the white king the pieces to their proper positions. breaksthrough thesquareg6... -Paul And then all became clear at once: Petrovich-I remarked timidly-there the scheme was ready and a win could is a drawn position: when the white be easily achieved ... Later on, I have king is on the square f7, and the pawn seen such a way of thinking in the play on g5, one will play We5- f5 and, af­ of contemporary outstanding endgame ter g5-g6, give check with the knight masters, Rohr and Smyslov ". on e5, and there will be a draw... But how to achieve that? The experienced Here is yet another example, master of endgame study Keres imme­ from the book''A nalytical and Criti­ diately put the idea in to shape: 81... cal Works" by M.M. Botvinnik: '� .. tllc6 82. Wg 6tlle7! 83. Wf 7tllc684. in 1969, the Beverwijk tournament. g5 (or 84. e7tlle7 85. We7Wf4 86. The game Portisch-Botvinnik had 1Le6a2 ) 84 ...Wf5 85. g6 tlle5! been adjourned in a position difficult fo r the Ex -champion of the Wo rld. 1. L. PORTISCH - M. BOTVINNIK, Ke res was help ing Botvinnik to ana­ 1969 lyse the adjournedgame. In the course Griinfeld Defence of analysis, there was determined the 1. d4 tllf6 2. c4 g6 3. tllc3 d5 critical position 4. tllf3 §i.g7 5. l}j!b3 c6 6. cd tlld5 7. e4 tllb6 8. 1Le3 0-0 9. lldl §i.g4 10. 1Le2 'tJJJ/c7 11. 0-0 tll8d7 12. h3 1Lf313.§i.f3 Wh8 14. a4 tllc8 15. g3 e6 16. d5 lle8 17. de fe 18. §i.g4 tllm 19. 1Lc5 l}j!f7 20. lld3 tllb6 21. §Lm §Lm 22. a5 tlld7 23. 'tJJJ/b7 tlle5 24. 'tJJJ/t7 tllt725. f4 h5 26. §i.f3 lled8 27.llfdl e5 28.lld7 Wg7 29. fe lld7 30. lld7 lle8 31. Wg2 1Lc5 32. llc7 Ires 33. llc6 1Ld4 34. b4 lle7 35. tlld5 llb7 36. llc7 llc7 37. tllc7 Wf6 38. tlld5 We6 39. tllf4 Wf6 40. tlld5 We6 41. tllf4 6 Irina Mikhaylova Wf6 42. !Ji.di li:ld6 43. Wf3 gS We were laughing fo r about ten min­ 44. li:le2!1i.b2 4S. We3�eS46. !ii.c2 utes: the solution turned out to be so li:lc 4 47. Wd3 li:ld6 48. li:lc3 !ii.a3 simple and elegant. In fa ct, upon re­ 49. bS !Ji.b4 SO. b6 a6 Sl. li:ldS sumption of the game there happ ened !Ji.as S2. We2 li:lb7 S3. !Ji.d3 li:lcS nothing unexpected». The game S4. We3 !ii.el SS. g4 hg S6. hg !Ji.as was finished in a draw and Botvin­ S7. !ii.c2 !ii.el S8. Wf3Ji.as S9. !ii.a4 nik with Geller shared the first two <tid6 60 . .lte8 li:lb7 61. We3 !ii.el places, while Po rtisch and Keres 62. !Ji.t7 li:lc S 63. Wf3 Ji.as 64.!Ji.g8 were behind by half a point. li:\b7 6S. We2 li:lcS 66. �e3 !ii.el Evidently, the right solution was 67. Wf3!1i.aS 68. !ii.t7li:lb7 69. li:le3 found because Botvinnik had dis­ !ii.b6 70. li:lc4 <tlc 7 71. li:lb6 <tlb6 covered a drawn game scheme. Af­ 72. eS li:ld8 73. .lta2 li:lc6 74. <tle4 ter that, the analysis immediately li:le7 7S. e6 WcS 76. WeS aS went in the right direction. With the 77.<tlf6<tld 678. WgS �eS 79.!Ji.b3 other, purely combinational, way of a4 80. !ii.a2 a3 81. .ltb3 (diagram M thinking, quite possibly, the solution 1) 81...li:lc6 82. Wg6 li:le7 83. <tlg7 would never be found or would be li:lc6 84. gS <tlfS 8S. <ti h6 li:le7 found with a major expenditure of 86. !ii.a2 <ties 87. Wg7 �rs 88. wt7 time and effort. li:\g6 [Y2:Y2] WHAT IS «THINKING IN SCHEMES»? The results of a great number of thinking chess players have received studies on psychopedagogical prob­ less attention in spite of the factthat lems oflearning and improvement of "the level of chess player's mastery chess mastery are known (V.A. Ala­ depends essentially on his strate­ tortsev, 1975, 1988; N. G. Alekseev, gic thinking". Besides, the need for 1990; B.M. Blumenfeld, 1947, creating this book has been as well 1948; M.I. Dvoretsky, 1997; AN. dictated by the impossibility to ap­ Kostyev, 1984; A.A. Kotov, 1970; ply the strategic thinking of Artifi­ N. V.Krogius, 1968, 1976; E.N.
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