I Make This Pledge to You Alone, the Castle Walls Protect Our Back That I Shall Serve Your Royal Throne
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A Combinatorial Game Theoretic Analysis of Chess Endgames
A COMBINATORIAL GAME THEORETIC ANALYSIS OF CHESS ENDGAMES QINGYUN WU, FRANK YU,¨ MICHAEL LANDRY 1. Abstract In this paper, we attempt to analyze Chess endgames using combinatorial game theory. This is a challenge, because much of combinatorial game theory applies only to games under normal play, in which players move according to a set of rules that define the game, and the last player to move wins. A game of Chess ends either in a draw (as in the game above) or when one of the players achieves checkmate. As such, the game of chess does not immediately lend itself to this type of analysis. However, we found that when we redefined certain aspects of chess, there were useful applications of the theory. (Note: We assume the reader has a knowledge of the rules of Chess prior to reading. Also, we will associate Left with white and Right with black). We first look at positions of chess involving only pawns and no kings. We treat these as combinatorial games under normal play, but with the modification that creating a passed pawn is also a win; the assumption is that promoting a pawn will ultimately lead to checkmate. Just using pawns, we have found chess positions that are equal to the games 0, 1, 2, ?, ", #, and Tiny 1. Next, we bring kings onto the chessboard and construct positions that act as game sums of the numbers and infinitesimals we found. The point is that these carefully constructed positions are games of chess played according to the rules of chess that act like sums of combinatorial games under normal play. -
Complete Chess Strategy 3: Play on the Wings Online
OQBWY (Read now) Complete Chess Strategy 3: Play on the Wings Online [OQBWY.ebook] Complete Chess Strategy 3: Play on the Wings Pdf Free Ludek Pachman DOC | *audiobook | ebooks | Download PDF | ePub Download Now Free Download Here Download eBook #1395883 in Books The House of Staunton, Inc. 2012-07-31Original language:EnglishPDF # 1 8.50 x .41 x 5.50l, .52 #File Name: 4871874923180 pagesAuthor: Ludek PachmanPages: 180 PagesPublication Years: 2012 | File size: 60.Mb Ludek Pachman : Complete Chess Strategy 3: Play on the Wings before purchasing it in order to gage whether or not it would be worth my time, and all praised Complete Chess Strategy 3: Play on the Wings: Good books on the indeterminate stage of chess between openings and endings are rare. Ambitious players wanting a practical guide to the middle game will find that Ludek Pachman's great trilogy, which is completed with this volume, stands in a class of its own. In each of these books the need for understanding is emphasized: there are too many variations for any memory to store. The player must understand the basic principles involved and the typical positions or maneuvers that can arise. Ludek Pachman's examples will augment his experience and should facilitate finer judgments as to the types of position to aim for, how to plan for them and in the allocation of priorities. But games also need to be viewed as an entity, and for this reason the author has concentrated on teaching by means of whole games. Ludek Pachman, the West German and former Czechoslovak Grandmaster, has taken part in international chess since 1945. -
Background Information on Nevada Nuclear Tests
P I REVADA TEST ORMN~ATIM , 410492 Nevada Test Site # . Memury, N~*a -, . ... , ,., . .’ I ,. ..: BACKGROUND INFORMATIM . :., “ .. l“” on b NEVADA NUCLEAR TESTS ,— — — t A mmmry of previouskmlmsed information provid~ answers to questions concemtig the need for and value of nuclear tests, x8t u9e of the continental test site, on-site opem- tions and controls, public safety, and some phases of organi=tion and progti~ I BEST COPY AVAILABLE . -’0 . ..:,. \ -,. U.-;: .-j t , :. Prepared by .- OFFICE TEST INFORMATION -,-.. OF & 1235 South Xain Street “1 ;.*”*.,“’. Las Vegas, Nevada ~+;”’’j,’.:;;, Revised to July 15, 1957 .-. ,: 1“ .—7 —--— --------- ---- ;—;..,_-: ,- .— ● . , I \ f FOREWORD A large volume of official information has been is- sued concerning Nevada nuclear testing since Nevada Test Site was activated in Januw- 1951. The itio~ation tie public has been contained in official publications and reports of the Atomic Ener~ Commissim, the Department of Defense, the Federal Civil Defense Administration, other Federal organizations, and the joint Nevada Test Organization. ● Prior to the Spring 1952 series, the Test Organiza- tion received many requests from newsmen, from public officials, and from representatives of Federal agencies for a compilation of officially-approved basic inform- ationto be used M a source book. As a result the first compilation of Background Information was issued during the 1952 series. In order to meet similar requests, the information sumnary has been brought up-to-date for each subsequent Nevada Series, incorporating data released officially in the interim period. The present Background Information is such a compi- lation. It does not attempt to be all-inclusive. Many supplementary details are available elsewhere, for in- stance in the 1957 revision of *’AtomicTests in Nevada,w the various semiannual reports of the AEC to Congress, and the Government publication “The Effects of Atac Weapons.n Such publications are usually available in public libraries. -
Of Kings and Pawns
OF KINGS AND PAWNS CHESS STRATEGY IN THE ENDGAME ERIC SCHILLER Universal Publishers Boca Raton • 2006 Of Kings and Pawns: Chess Strategy in the Endgame Copyright © 2006 Eric Schiller All rights reserved. Universal Publishers Boca Raton , Florida USA • 2006 ISBN: 1-58112-909-2 (paperback) ISBN: 1-58112-910-6 (ebook) Universal-Publishers.com Preface Endgames with just kings and pawns look simple but they are actually among the most complicated endgames to learn. This book contains 26 endgame positions in a unique format that gives you not only the starting position, but also a critical position you should use as a target. Your workout consists of looking at the starting position and seeing if you can figure out how you can reach the indicated target position. Although this hint makes solving the problems easier, there is still plenty of work for you to do. The positions have been chosen for their instructional value, and often combined many different themes. You’ll find examples of the horse race, the opposition, zugzwang, stalemate and the importance of escorting the pawn with the king marching in front, among others. When you start out in chess, king and pawn endings are not very important because usually there is a great material imbalance at the end of the game so one side is winning easily. However, as you advance through chess you’ll find that these endgame positions play a great role in determining the outcome of the game. It is critically important that you understand when a single pawn advantage or positional advantage will lead to a win and when it will merely wind up drawn with best play. -
Chess Horizons
FREE ENTRY FOR GMs & IMs 78th New England Open September 1 – 3, 2018 Location: Crowne Plaza Boston - Newton 20 USCF 320 Washington St. Grand Prix 3‐day and 2‐day options available! Newton, MA 02458 Points Prizes: $4,000 b/120 paid entries, 75% guaranteed Championship $650 – 300 – 250, top U2400 $225, top U2200 $225 U2000 $400 – 200 – 150 U1800 $400 – 200 – 150 U1600 $300 – 150 – 100, top U1400 $150, top U1200 $150 Time Control: 40/100, SD/30 d10 (2‐day rounds 1‐3 are G/45 d5) Sections: Championship Section (rated 1800+) – 3‐day only – FIDE Rated U2000 Section – 3‐day or 2‐day U1800 Section – 3‐day or 2‐day U1600 Section – 3‐day or 2‐day Round Times: 3‐day section – Saturday 11 AM & 5 PM, Sunday 11 AM & 5 PM, Monday 10 AM & 3: 5 PM 2‐day section – Sunday 1 : 0 AM, 1: 0 PM, : 0 PM, & 5 PM; Monday 10 AM & 3: 5 PM :00 :30 :00 :30 :30 4 Byes: Limit 2 byes, rounds 1‐5 in1 0 Championship Section, rounds 1‐6 in0 3 0 :30 U2000:30 to U16004 sections. Players must commit to byes in rounds 4‐6 before round 2. Entry Fee: Byes in rounds 4-6 are irrevocable. 3‐day section ‐ $75 online by 11:59 PM on 8/3 , $85 onsite 2‐day section ‐ $74 online by 11:59 PM on 8/3 , $85 onsite 0 Onsite Registration: 3‐day – Saturday 9/ from 8:0 30 to 9:30 AM; 2‐day – Sunday 9/ from 8:30 to 9:30 AM Other Information: 1 2 ‐ There is no 2‐day schedule for the Championship Section. -
UIL Text 111212
UIL Chess Puzzle Solvin g— Fall/Winter District 2016-2017 —Grades 4 and 5 IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS: [Test-administrators, please read text in this box aloud.] This is the UIL Chess Puzzle Solving Fall/Winter District Test for grades four and five. There are 20 questions on this test. You have 30 minutes to complete it. All questions are multiple choice. Use the answer sheet to mark your answers. Multiple choice answers pur - posely do not indicate check, checkmate, or e.p. symbols. You will be awarded one point for each correct answer. No deductions will be made for incorrect answers on this test. Finishing early is not rewarded, even to break ties. So use all of your time. Some of the questions may be hard, but all of the puzzles are interesting! Good luck and have fun! If you don’t already know chess notation, reading and referring to the section below on this page will help you. How to read and answer questions on this test Piece Names Each chessman can • To answer the questions on this test, you’ll also be represented need to know how to read chess moves. It’s by a symbol, except for the pawn. simple to do. (Figurine Notation) K King Q • Every square on the board has an “address” Queen R made up of a letter and a number. Rook B Bishop N Knight Pawn a-h (We write the file it’s on.) • To make them easy to read, the questions on this test use the figurine piece symbols on the right, above. -
Modern Chess Strategy (Dover Chess) Online
95yde [Read and download] Modern Chess Strategy (Dover Chess) Online [95yde.ebook] Modern Chess Strategy (Dover Chess) Pdf Free Ludek Pachman ebooks | Download PDF | *ePub | DOC | audiobook Download Now Free Download Here Download eBook #928638 in eBooks 2012-04-26 2012-03-29File Name: B008TVFCIC | File size: 31.Mb Ludek Pachman : Modern Chess Strategy (Dover Chess) before purchasing it in order to gage whether or not it would be worth my time, and all praised Modern Chess Strategy (Dover Chess): 0 of 0 people found the following review helpful. great book! Gave me a lot of insight about ...By Customergreat book! Gave me a lot of insight about how to maximize the utility of each piece throughout the game.4 of 6 people found the following review helpful. Clear, Concise Strategic InstructionBy R. TobiasThis is one of the classics of chess middlegame instruction. Covering more or less the same ground as Nimzovich's more famous 'My System', it is a condensation of the original three volume work. The most important principles are all here, however. Pachman was a very strong GM in his heyday, and he covers many vital topics with authority. Concise and clearly written essays are followed by superbly annotated games from many of the greats of the early and mid-twentieth century like Nimzovich, Alekhine, Smyslov and Botvinnik. Concepts like play in the center and on the wings, pawn structures, and how to play with the various pieces are are covered. The chapter on how to use your rooks is considered by some strong players to be so good that it alone is worth the price of the book. -
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002
Description of document: Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Case Log October 2000 - April 2002 Requested date: 2002 Release date: 2003 Posted date: 08-February-2021 Source of document: Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC 20505 Fax: 703-613-3007 Filing a FOIA Records Request Online The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is a First Amendment free speech web site and is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. 1 O ct 2000_30 April 2002 Creation Date Requester Last Name Case Subject 36802.28679 STRANEY TECHNOLOGICAL GROWTH OF INDIA; HONG KONG; CHINA AND WTO 36802.2992 CRAWFORD EIGHT DIFFERENT REQUESTS FOR REPORTS REGARDING CIA EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS 36802.43927 MONTAN EDWARD GRADY PARTIN 36802.44378 TAVAKOLI-NOURI STEPHEN FLACK GUNTHER 36810.54721 BISHOP SCIENCE OF IDENTITY FOUNDATION 36810.55028 KHEMANEY TI LEAF PRODUCTIONS, LTD. -
Life Cycle Patterns of Cognitive Performance Over the Long
Life cycle patterns of cognitive performance over the long run Anthony Strittmattera,1 , Uwe Sundeb,1,2, and Dainis Zegnersc,1 aCenter for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST)/Ecole´ nationale de la statistique et de l’administration economique´ Paris (ENSAE), Institut Polytechnique Paris, 91764 Palaiseau Cedex, France; bEconomics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ Munchen,¨ 80539 Munchen,¨ Germany; and cRotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands Edited by Robert Moffit, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Jose A. Scheinkman September 21, 2020 (received for review April 8, 2020) Little is known about how the age pattern in individual perfor- demanding tasks, however, and are limited in terms of compara- mance in cognitively demanding tasks changed over the past bility, technological work environment, labor market institutions, century. The main difficulty for measuring such life cycle per- and demand factors, which all exhibit variation over time and formance patterns and their dynamics over time is related to across skill groups (1, 19). Investigations that account for changes the construction of a reliable measure that is comparable across in skill demand have found evidence for a peak in performance individuals and over time and not affected by changes in technol- potential around ages of 35 to 44 y (20) but are limited to short ogy or other environmental factors. This study presents evidence observation periods that prevent an analysis of the dynamics for the dynamics of life cycle patterns of cognitive performance of the age–performance profile over time and across cohorts. over the past 125 y based on an analysis of data from profes- An additional problem is related to measuring productivity or sional chess tournaments. -
Livros De Xadrez
LIVROS DE XADREZ No. TÍTULO Autor Editora 1 100 Endgames You Must Know Jesus de la Villa New In Chess 2 Ajedrez - La Lucha por la Iniciativa Orestes Aldama Zambrano Paidotribo 3 Alexander Alekhine Alexander Kotov R.H.M. Press 4 Alexander Alekhine´s Best Games Alexander Alekhine Batsford Chess 5 Analysing the Endgame John Speelman Batsford Chess 6 Art of Chess Combination Znosko-Borovsky Dover 7 Attack and Defence M.Dvoretsky & A.Yusupov Batsford Chess 8 Attack and Defence in Modern Chess Tactics Ludek Pachman RPK 9 Attacking Technique Colin Crouch Batsford Chess 10 Better Chess for Average Players Tim Harding Dover 11 Bishop v/s Knight: The Veredict Steve Mayer Ice 12 Bobby Fischer My 60 Memorable Games Bobby Fischer Faber & Faber Limited 13 Bobby Fischer Rediscovered Andrew Soltis Batsford 14 Bobby Fischer: His Aproach to Chess Elie Agur Cadogan 15 Botvinnik - One Hundred Selected Games M.Botvinnik Dover 16 Building Up Your Chess Lev Alburt Circ 17 Capablanca Edward Winter McFarland 18 Chess Endgame Quis Larry Evans Cardoza Publishing 19 Chess Endings Yuri Averbach Everyman Chess 20 Chess Exam and Training Guide Igor Khmelnitsky I am Coach Press 21 Chess Middlegames Yuri Averbach Cadogan Chess 22 Chess Praxis Aron Nimzowitsch Hays Publishing 23 Chess Praxis Aron Nimzowitsch Hays Publishing 24 Chess Self-Improvement Zenon Franco Gambit 25 Chess Strategy for the Tournament Player Alburt & Palatnik Circ 26 Creative Chess Amatzia Avni Cadogan Chess 27 Creative Chess Opening Preparation Viacheslav Eingorn Gambit 28 Endgame Magic J.Beasley -
Illinois Chess Bulletin Volume 28, Issue 2 March April 2005
Illinois Chess Bulletin Volume 28, Issue 2 March April 2005 Illinois Youth Shine at Nationals I NSIDE T HIS I S S U E 7 Ill youth shine at Nationals 24 2005 IHSA Championship Boris Spassky makes appearance 26 out west AboutAdvertisement the Illinois Chess Bulletin and the Illinois Chess Association 2005 Illinois Amateur Championships Lincolnwood, IL (immediately north of Chicago) 5-round Swiss, March 19-20, 2005 $4,000 Projected Prizes (b/125), $2,000 minimum Guaranteed. 5-SS , 40/90 SD/30. Sat : 9:30, 2, 6:30. Sun : 12, 4:30. Location: Purple Hotel, 4500 W. Touhy Ave. (1 mile east of I-94), Lincolnwood, IL 60712. Prizes: $4,000 based on 125 paid entries (special EF counts as ½ entry). In 6 sections – you face only those in your section. Class A (1800-1999): $400, $300, $200, $100 Class B (1600-1799): $400, $300, $200, $100 Class C (1400-1599): $300, $200, $100, $50 Class D (1200-1399): $300, $200, $100, $50 Class E/F (1199 and below): $200, $100, $50, $50 Unrated: $150, $100, $50 Registration: Reg. ends 9am SHARP! Entries after 9am must take 1st round ½ bye. EF: Adults - $60 mailed by 3/1/05; Juniors (18-20) $55 mailed by 3/1/05; All $70 onsite. Special EF: Scholastic Players under the age of 18 receive a free 1 year membership to the ICA or a $14 discount off of the Junior Early EF (if they are already ICA members) either mailed entry or onsite. All: USCF membership required. ICA membership required for IL players. -
Efficiency of the Application of Some Exercises of Tactical Combinations
International Journal of Sport, Exercise and Health Research 2019; 3(2): 49-53 Research Article Efficiency of The Application of Some Exercises of Tactical IJSEHR 2019; 3(2): 49-53 © 2019, All rights reserved Combinations to Improve Student's Calculation Capacity in www.sportscienceresearch.com Received: 15-10-2019 Chess Classes at HCMC University of Technology and Accepted: 04-12-2019 Education Nguyen Duc Thanh1 1 Center for Physical and Defense Education, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam Abstract Background: Through the research process, the topic has selected a number of tactical coordination exercises, then applied them to chess classes at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education (UTE). Methodsː 66 male students in their 20s are divided into 2 groups of experiments (34 students) and control (32 students) all participating in the chess experiment program. Resultsː After the time of applying tactical coordination exercises, the results of tests performed by the experimental groups and control groups both increased, but the experimental group’s growth was more superior than control group’s (Means of of all 6 tests were significant difference with P <0.05). It shows that the rationality and effectiveness of the tactics coordination exercises selected to be included in the chess curriculum to improve the calculating capacity for students after a period of 4 months of experiment. Keywords: Calculations, Chess, Coordination, Exercises, Tactics. 1. INTRODUCTION Chess is an intellectual sport that hides extremely fascinating mysteries, so it attracts up to 600 million people worldwide to play every day [6, 10].