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The Global Eradication of Smallpox and the Work of Frank Fenner
In Focus The global eradication of smallpox and the work of Frank Fenner CR Robert George and William Rawlinson Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology Prince of Wales Hospital Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia Email: [email protected] The 1950s and 1960s represented a golden era in scientific poxvirus research. Multiple obituaries document his life, achieve- – discovery when many believed science would solve the ments, and his death in November 20102 10. world’s greatest problems. It was the era when colour tele- A DNA virus called variola (Orthopoxvirus, Poxviridae) causes vision was introduced and the role of DNA described, space smallpox. Case fatality rates varied depending on the infection type, programmes, the introduction of vaccines for polio, measles reaching up to 30% in the historically most common form variola and mumps, and the structures of proteins began to be major11. Smallpox has influenced the course of history and deci- described. Many discoveries were controversial, but there mated populations. For example, historians have debated whether was a strong belief science was taking the world forward and up to one-third of the Aztec population was decimated by smallpox reducing medical problems rapidly. The Intensified Small- in 1520 after Hernando Cortes accidently introduced the virus thus pox Eradication Program (ISEP) won united support from facilitating the European conquest of South America12. Elsewhere, both the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the native Virginian inhabitants were depopulated to one-third of their United States of America (USA). The initiative was passed by former number in 1689, and numerous North American tribes were only a small margin (two votes) and came on the back of affected13. -
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MJA Centenary — History of Australian Medicine A history of health and medical research in Australia Timothy Dyke ealth and medical research has signifi cantly con- BVSc, PhD, MBA Summary Executive Director, tributed to improvements in human health and Health and medical research has played an important Strategic Policy Group H wellbeing throughout the world, and Australia has role in improving the life of Australians since before Warwick P Anderson played its part. As a result of this research, Australians have the 20th century, with many Australian researchers PhD benefi ted by remaining healthier for longer through better contributing to important advances both locally and Chief Executive Officer internationally. treatments and improved health care, and from contribu- National Health and Medical tions to national wealth through the development of in- The establishment of the National Health and Medical Research Council, Research Council (NHMRC) to support research and Canberra, ACT. novative industries. Despite the signifi cant role of research to work to achieve the benefi ts of research for the timothy.dyke@ in Australia, there have been few specifi c compilations on community was signifi cant. nhmrc.gov.au the Australian history of health and medical research. This The NHMRC has also provided guidance in research and article is a brief overview of Australian health and medical health ethics. doi: 10.5694/mja14.00347 research, with the role of the National Health and Medical Australian research has broadened to include basic Research Council (NHMRC) as a main focus. biomedical science, clinical medicine and science, public health and health services. The early years In October 2002, the NHMRC adopted Indigenous health research as a strategic priority. -
JABBED PRESS KIT V15 (With Photos)
Press Kit 1 x 90 Minute Science Documentary Writer, Director, Producer: Sonya Pemberton Executive Producers: Michael Cordell, Nick Murray & Sonya Pemberton Press Kit 1 x 90 Minute Science Documentary Writer, Director, Producer: Sonya Pemberton Executive Producers: Michael Cordell, Nick Murray & Sonya Pemberton Website: http://www.sbs.com.au/shows/jabbed Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/jabbedtv Twitter: #JabbedSBS Twitter account: @JabbedTV CONTENTS Synopsis I. one line II. one paragraph III. one page Media release Publicity Quotes The Families The Experts Key crew Director’s statement Production information Contacts ©2013 Genepool Productions Pty Ltd ABN 17153091019 www.genepoolproductions.com ©2013 Genepool Productions Pty Ltd Jabbed Love, fear and vaccines. PRESS KIT 1 SYNOPSIS: one line Jabbed Love, fear and vaccines. To vaccinate, or not? What would you do to protect the ones you love? SYNOPSIS: one paragraph Jabbed Love, fear and vaccines. Diseases that were largely eradicated forty years ago are returning. Across the world children are getting sick and dying from preventable conditions because nervous parents are skipping their children’s shots. And it’s not just kids: adults, too, are being hard hit. Yet the stories of vaccine reactions are frightening, with rare cases of people being damaged, even killed, by vaccines. How do we decide whether to vaccinate or not, and what are the real risks? Jabbed, made by 2012 Emmy Award-winning Australian documentary filmmaker Sonya Pemberton, travels the globe to look at the real science behind vaccinations, tracks real epidemics, and investigates the real cost of opting out. Talking with vaccine-makers, alternative healers, psychologists, anthropologists, and parents, the film posing the potent question: what would you do to protect the ones you love? Two years in the making Jabbed will confound your expectations, whatever your position on the most important and divisive public health question of the decade. -
Official Committee Hansard
COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Official Committee Hansard JOINT STANDING COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, DEFENCE AND TRADE TRADE SUBCOMMITTEE Reference: Australia’s trade and investment relations with Central Europe TUESDAY, 18 FEBRUARY 2003 CANBERRA BY AUTHORITY OF THE PARLIAMENT INTERNET The Proof and Official Hansard transcripts of Senate committee hearings, some House of Representatives committee hearings and some joint com- mittee hearings are available on the Internet. Some House of Representa- tives committees and some joint committees make available only Official Hansard transcripts. The Internet address is: http://www.aph.gov.au/hansard To search the parliamentary database, go to: http://search.aph.gov.au JOINT COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, DEFENCE AND TRADE Trade Subcommittee Tuesday, 18 February 2003 Members: Senator Ferguson (Chair), Mr Brereton (Deputy Chair), Senators Bartlett, Bolkus, Cook, Eggleston, Chris Evans, Harradine, Hutchins, Johnston, Sandy Macdonald, O’Brien, Payne and Stott Despoja and Mr Baird, Mr Baldwin, Mr Beazley, Mr Bevis, Mr Brereton, Mr Byrne, Mr Edwards, Mr Laurie Ferguson, Mrs Gash, Mr Hawker, Mr Jull, Mr Lindsay, Mrs Moylan, Mr Nairn, Mr Price, Mr Prosser, Mr Scott, Mr Snowdon, Mr Somlyay and Mr Cameron Thomson Subcommittee members: Mr Baird (Chair), Senator Cook (Deputy Chair), Senators Eggleston, Ferguson (ex officio) and O’Brien and Mr Brereton (ex officio), Mr Hawker, Mr Jull, Mrs Moylan, Mr Nairn, Mr Prosser, Mr Scott, Mr Somlyay and Mr Cameron Thompson Senators and members in attendance: Senator O’Brien -
Confronting the Experts
Confronting the experts Brian Martin, editor Published in 1996 by State University of New York Press, Albany This is the August 1995 typescript with minor changes in the text, a different format and page numbering (112 instead of 210 pages) and omission of the index. Contents 1. Introduction: experts and establishments 1 Brian Martin 2. Sewerage treatment and the engineering establishment 8 Sharon Beder 3. Fluoridation: breaking the silence barrier 26 Mark Diesendorf 4. Terrorism: the struggle against closure 45 Edward S. Herman 5. “What price intellectual honesty?” asks a neurobiologist 58 Harold Hillman 6. The Guido Riccio controversy in art history 78 Michael Mallory and Gordon Moran 7. Confronting the nuclear power structure in India 93 Dhirendra Sharma 8. Conclusion: learning from struggle 105 Brian Martin Contributors 110 1 Introduction: experts and establishments Brian Martin Published in Brian Martin (editor), Confronting the Experts (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1996), pp. 1-12 Today’s complex society is increasingly The most prominent and regular pronuclear dependent on experts — civil engineers, contributor was Sir Ernest Titterton, Professor surgeons, taxation lawyers, computer of Nuclear Physics at the Australian National programmers, economists, and many others. University, whose involvement with and These experts are usually defined by their advocacy of nuclear technology dated from the credentials and their solidarity with main- 1940s. As a local, high-status authority, Sir stream professional bodies. Those who oppose Ernest could easily get his articles and letters them often do not have the same credibility, published. Other prominent pronuclear although they may have the same levels of contributors were Sir Philip Baxter, former knowledge and experience. -
The Secret History of Australia's Nuclear Ambitions
Jim Walsh SURPRISE DOWN UNDER: THE SECRET HISTORY OF AUSTRALIAS NUCLEAR AMBITIONS by Jim Walsh Jim Walsh is a visiting scholar at the Center for Global Security Research at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. He is also a Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science program at MIT, where he is completing a dissertation analyzing comparative nuclear decisionmaking in Australia, the Middle East, and Europe. ustralia is widely considered tactical nuclear weapons. In 1961, of state behavior and the kinds of Ato be a world leader in ef- Australia proposed a secret agree- policies that are most likely to retard forts to halt and reverse the ment for the transfer of British the spread of nuclear weapons? 1 spread of nuclear weapons. The nuclear weapons, and, throughout This article attempts to answer Australian government created the the 1960s, Australia took actions in- some of these questions by examin- Canberra Commission, which called tended to keep its nuclear options ing two phases in Australian nuclear for the progressive abolition of open. It was not until 1973, when history: 1) the attempted procure- nuclear weapons. It led the fight at Australia ratified the NPT, that the ment phase (1956-1963); and 2) the the U.N. General Assembly to save country finally renounced the acqui- indigenous capability phase (1964- the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty sition of nuclear weapons. 1972). The historical reconstruction (CTBT), and the year before, played Over the course of four decades, of these events is made possible, in a major role in efforts to extend the Australia has gone from a country part, by newly released materials Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of that once sought nuclear weapons to from the Australian National Archive Nuclear Weapons (NPT) indefi- one that now supports their abolition. -
Fourteen Studies in Qorporate Crime Or Corporate Harm. STAINS on a WHITE COLLAR Mmmmik Ikim
Chris Masters Fourteen studies in qorporate crime or corporate harm. STAINS ON A WHITE COLLAR mmmmik IKiM [Fmj^iBBou UiB^BB^ to Edited by Peter Grabosky and Adam Sutton Foreword by Chris Masters THE FEDERATION PRESS Published in Sydney by The Federation Press 101A Johnston Street Annandale. NSW. 2038 In association with Bow Press Pty Ltd 208 Victoria Road Drummoyne. NSW. 2047 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Stains on a white collar: fourteen studies in corporate crime or corporate harm. Bibliography. ISBN 1 86287 009 8. 1. Commercial crimes — Australia — Case studies. 2. Corporations — Australia — Corrupt practices — Case studies. 3. White collar crimes — Australia — Case studies. I. Grabosky, Peter N. (Peter Nils), 1945- . II. Sutton, Adam Crosbie. 364.1'68'0994 Copyright ® this collection The Australian Institute of Criminology This publication is copyright. Other than for the purposes of and subject to the conditions prescribed under the Copyright Act, no part of it may in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, microcopying, photocopying, recording or otherwise) be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted without prior written permission. Enquiries should be addressed to the publishers. Cover designed by Hand Graphics Text designed by Steven Dunbar Typeset in 10 pt Century Old Style by Midland Typesetters, Maryborough Printed in Australia by Griffin Press Production by Vantage Graphics, Sydney CONTENTS FOREWORD ix CHRIS MASTERS INTRODUCTION xi 1 THE BOTTOM OF THE HARBOUR TAX EVASION -
Raising the Bar Sydney 2018 Warwick Holmes – to Infinity and Beyond
Raising the Bar Sydney 2018 Warwick Holmes – To infinity and beyond Welcome to the podcast series of "Raising the Bar Sydney." Raising the bar in 2018 saw 20 University of Sydney academics take their research out of the lecture theatre and into bars across Sydney, all on one night. In this podcast, you'll hear Warrick Holmes' talk, "To Infinity and beyond." Enjoy the talk. [ Applause ] Okay, ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much indeed for coming this evening to the University of Sydney's "Raising The Bar." The theme of my talk tonight is titled, and I've just forgotten what it is, "To Infinity and Beyond." That's right. Okay. So, tonight I'm going to be presenting to you some themes about space engineering and space science. And the relevance to Australia. And I'm going tp put this in the format of giving you some antidotes about space engineering and some of the history of engineering in Australia. Before I start, I just want to check that you've all got the right drinks, because this a bar. I understand there's some interesting space cocktails here tonight. So, I tonight have a Bailey's Comet with me, you see, Bailey's Comet. There's Pink Galactic Garbo Blasters I believe courtesy of Douglas Adams. And did you know that there was a crater on the moon called beer crater, which I just feel is appropriate somehow for tonight. So, because we're in a bar, I think the general theme I have, I'm going to ask you some questions first of all and then half an hour later you're going to ask me questions, okay. -
Scientists' Houses in Canberra 1950–1970
EXPERIMENTS IN MODERN LIVING SCIENTISTS’ HOUSES IN CANBERRA 1950–1970 EXPERIMENTS IN MODERN LIVING SCIENTISTS’ HOUSES IN CANBERRA 1950–1970 MILTON CAMERON Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Cameron, Milton. Title: Experiments in modern living : scientists’ houses in Canberra, 1950 - 1970 / Milton Cameron. ISBN: 9781921862694 (pbk.) 9781921862700 (ebook) Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. Subjects: Scientists--Homes and haunts--Australian Capital Territority--Canberra. Architecture, Modern Architecture--Australian Capital Territority--Canberra. Canberra (A.C.T.)--Buildings, structures, etc Dewey Number: 720.99471 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Sarah Evans. Front cover photograph of Fenner House by Ben Wrigley, 2012. Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2012 ANU E Press; revised August 2012 Contents Acknowledgments . vii Illustrations . xi Abbreviations . xv Introduction: Domestic Voyeurism . 1 1. Age of the Masters: Establishing a scientific and intellectual community in Canberra, 1946–1968 . 7 2 . Paradigm Shift: Boyd and the Fenner House . 43 3 . Promoting the New Paradigm: Seidler and the Zwar House . 77 4 . Form Follows Formula: Grounds, Boyd and the Philip House . 101 5 . Where Science Meets Art: Bischoff and the Gascoigne House . 131 6 . The Origins of Form: Grounds, Bischoff and the Frankel House . 161 Afterword: Before and After Science . -
Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany
Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany Individual Fates and Global Impact Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze princeton university press princeton and oxford Copyright 2009 © by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siegmund-Schultze, R. (Reinhard) Mathematicians fleeing from Nazi Germany: individual fates and global impact / Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-12593-0 (cloth) — ISBN 978-0-691-14041-4 (pbk.) 1. Mathematicians—Germany—History—20th century. 2. Mathematicians— United States—History—20th century. 3. Mathematicians—Germany—Biography. 4. Mathematicians—United States—Biography. 5. World War, 1939–1945— Refuges—Germany. 6. Germany—Emigration and immigration—History—1933–1945. 7. Germans—United States—History—20th century. 8. Immigrants—United States—History—20th century. 9. Mathematics—Germany—History—20th century. 10. Mathematics—United States—History—20th century. I. Title. QA27.G4S53 2008 510.09'04—dc22 2008048855 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Sabon Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ press.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 10 987654321 Contents List of Figures and Tables xiii Preface xvii Chapter 1 The Terms “German-Speaking Mathematician,” “Forced,” and“Voluntary Emigration” 1 Chapter 2 The Notion of “Mathematician” Plus Quantitative Figures on Persecution 13 Chapter 3 Early Emigration 30 3.1. The Push-Factor 32 3.2. The Pull-Factor 36 3.D. -
Golden Yearbook
Golden Yearbook Golden Yearbook Stories from graduates of the 1930s to the 1960s Foreword from the Vice-Chancellor and Principal ���������������������������������������������������������5 Message from the Chancellor ��������������������������������7 — Timeline of significant events at the University of Sydney �������������������������������������8 — The 1930s The Great Depression ������������������������������������������ 13 Graduates of the 1930s ���������������������������������������� 14 — The 1940s Australia at war ��������������������������������������������������� 21 Graduates of the 1940s ����������������������������������������22 — The 1950s Populate or perish ���������������������������������������������� 47 Graduates of the 1950s ����������������������������������������48 — The 1960s Activism and protest ������������������������������������������155 Graduates of the 1960s ���������������������������������������156 — What will tomorrow bring? ��������������������������������� 247 The University of Sydney today ���������������������������248 — Index ����������������������������������������������������������������250 Glossary ����������������������������������������������������������� 252 Produced by Marketing and Communications, the University of Sydney, December 2016. Disclaimer: The content of this publication includes edited versions of original contributions by University of Sydney alumni and relevant associated content produced by the University. The views and opinions expressed are those of the alumni contributors and do -
Math 126 Lecture 4. Basic Facts in Representation Theory
Math 126 Lecture 4. Basic facts in representation theory. Notice. Definition of a representation of a group. The theory of group representations is the creation of Frobenius: Georg Frobenius lived from 1849 to 1917 Frobenius combined results from the theory of algebraic equations, geometry, and number theory, which led him to the study of abstract groups, the representation theory of groups and the character theory of groups. Find out more at: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/ Mathematicians/Frobenius.html Matrix form of a representation. Equivalence of two representations. Invariant subspaces. Irreducible representations. One dimensional representations. Representations of cyclic groups. Direct sums. Tensor product. Unitary representations. Averaging over the group. Maschke’s theorem. Heinrich Maschke 1853 - 1908 Schur’s lemma. Issai Schur Biography of Schur. Issai Schur Born: 10 Jan 1875 in Mogilyov, Mogilyov province, Russian Empire (now Belarus) Died: 10 Jan 1941 in Tel Aviv, Palestine (now Israel) Although Issai Schur was born in Mogilyov on the Dnieper, he spoke German without a trace of an accent, and nobody even guessed that it was not his first language. He went to Latvia at the age of 13 and there he attended the Gymnasium in Libau, now called Liepaja. In 1894 Schur entered the University of Berlin to read mathematics and physics. Frobenius was one of his teachers and he was to greatly influence Schur and later to direct his doctoral studies. Frobenius and Burnside had been the two main founders of the theory of representations of groups as groups of matrices. This theory proved a very powerful tool in the study of groups and Schur was to learn the foundations of this subject from Frobenius.