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Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
General Index
General Index Italicized page numbers indicate figures and tables. Color plates are in- cussed; full listings of authors’ works as cited in this volume may be dicated as “pl.” Color plates 1– 40 are in part 1 and plates 41–80 are found in the bibliographical index. in part 2. Authors are listed only when their ideas or works are dis- Aa, Pieter van der (1659–1733), 1338 of military cartography, 971 934 –39; Genoa, 864 –65; Low Coun- Aa River, pl.61, 1523 of nautical charts, 1069, 1424 tries, 1257 Aachen, 1241 printing’s impact on, 607–8 of Dutch hamlets, 1264 Abate, Agostino, 857–58, 864 –65 role of sources in, 66 –67 ecclesiastical subdivisions in, 1090, 1091 Abbeys. See also Cartularies; Monasteries of Russian maps, 1873 of forests, 50 maps: property, 50–51; water system, 43 standards of, 7 German maps in context of, 1224, 1225 plans: juridical uses of, pl.61, 1523–24, studies of, 505–8, 1258 n.53 map consciousness in, 636, 661–62 1525; Wildmore Fen (in psalter), 43– 44 of surveys, 505–8, 708, 1435–36 maps in: cadastral (See Cadastral maps); Abbreviations, 1897, 1899 of town models, 489 central Italy, 909–15; characteristics of, Abreu, Lisuarte de, 1019 Acequia Imperial de Aragón, 507 874 –75, 880 –82; coloring of, 1499, Abruzzi River, 547, 570 Acerra, 951 1588; East-Central Europe, 1806, 1808; Absolutism, 831, 833, 835–36 Ackerman, James S., 427 n.2 England, 50 –51, 1595, 1599, 1603, See also Sovereigns and monarchs Aconcio, Jacopo (d. 1566), 1611 1615, 1629, 1720; France, 1497–1500, Abstraction Acosta, José de (1539–1600), 1235 1501; humanism linked to, 909–10; in- in bird’s-eye views, 688 Acquaviva, Andrea Matteo (d. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Vorráðstefna
Vorráðstefna Ágrip erinda og veggspjalda Haldin í Öskju, Náttúrufræðahúsi Háskóla Íslands 28.apríl 2009 Dagskrá Vorráðstefnu JFÍ 28.apríl 2009 08:30-09:00 Skráning Fundarstjóri Þorsteinn Sæmundsson 09:00-09:05 Setning Andri Stefánsson 09:05-09:25 10+ ár samfelldra GPS mælinga á Íslandi – hvað höfum við lært? Halldór Geirsson 09:25-09:45 Fluid geochemistry and surface alteration associated with rhyolitic rocks, Torfajökull Iceland Júlía Katrín Björke 09:45-10:05 Sulfur chemistry in natural hydrothermal waters, Iceland Andri Stefánsson 10:05-10:25 Rekbeltastökk og Njörður, megineldstöð á Reykjaneshrygg. Ármann Höskuldsson Kaffi Fundarstjóri Andri Stefánsson 10:50-11:10 Orravatnsrústir á Hofsafrétt Þorsteinn Sæmundsson 11:10-11:30 Skaftárhlaup: Athugun á jökulhlaupi frá Vestari Skaftárkatli Bergur Einarsson 11:30-11:50 Jarðhiti á Grænlandi og rannsóknir á Diskóeyju Árni Hjartarson 11:50-12:10 Hvers vegna gýs Askja aðeins súrri kviku og basalti? Olgeir Sigmarsson 12:10-14:00 Aðalfundur Jarðfræðafélags Íslands og hádegismatur í Öskju Fundarstjóri Sóley Unnur Einarsdóttir 14:00-14:20 Stöðugar samsætur: Áhrif sjávarættaðrar fæðu á 14C aldursgreiningar íslenskra beina. Árný E. Sveinbjörnsdóttir 14:20-14:40 Hver eru tengsl efnahvarfaveðrunar og loftslags Eydís Salóme Eiríksdóttir 14:40-15:00 CarbFix – binding kolefnis í basalti: Efnafræði bergs og vatns á niðurrennslissvæðinu í Þrengslum, Hellisheiði. Helgi Arnar Alfreðsson 15:00-15:20 Stefnuhneigð jarðskjálftabylgna í skorpu og möttli Íslands Ingi Þorleifur Bjarnason 15:30 Pósterseta í Öskju Erindi 10+ ár samfelldra GPS mælinga á Íslandi – hvað höfum við lært? 1 Halldór Geirsson, Þóra Árnadóttir, Sigrún Hreinsdóttir, Judicael Decriem, Sabrina Metzger, Peter LaFemina, Rick Bennett, Sigurjón Jónsson, Austin Holland, Erik Sturkell, Thierry Villemin, Freysteinn Sigmundsson, Páll Einarsson og Þorgils Ingvarsson. -
To Here from Eternity: the Story of the Bovedy, Crumlin and Leighlinbridge Meteorites
TO HERE FROM ETERNITY The story of the Bovedy, Crumlin and Leighlinbridge meteorites Mike Simms, Ulster Museum Friday 25th April 1969 9.25 p.m. A fireball streaks across the night sky Friday 25th April 1969 9.25 p.m. A fireball streaks across the night sky It takes less than a minute to cross the UK! …and barely 15 seconds to cross Northern Ireland A small rock smashes a roof near Lisburn A bigger one lands in a field near Garvagh. These are meteorites - the first found in Ireland since 1902, and the last for another 30 years. Where else have they fallen in Ireland? Only 8 meteorite falls in 230 years! The Bovedy, Crumlin and Leighlinbridge meteorites all fell in the 20th Century Bovedy meteorite all are L3 Ordinary Chondrite Type L Ordinary Chondrites Crumlin meteorite (these are slices) L5 Ordinary Chondrite Leighlinbridge meteorite L6 Ordinary Chondrite Types of meteorites and their abundance (%) Stony Meteorites Falls Finds Ordinary Chondrites 76.9% 50.9% Carbonaceous Chondrites 3.7% Other chondrite types 1.7% Achondrites 7.7% Ungrouped 4.3% Irons 4.2% 20.8% Stony-irons 1.3% …which is why they are called Ordinary Chondrites. Types of Ordinary Chondrite (each comes from its own parent planet) Type H (High in iron) Mooresfort 1810 Limerick 1813 Killeter 1844 Dundrum 1865 Crumlin 1902 Bovedy 1969 Leighlinbridge 1999 Type L (Low in iron) In the beginning, >4568 million years ago… Star formation triggered by a supernova Al26 Fe60 The Sun forms. Planets accrete and melt. Planetismal accretion Melting (due to Al26 and Fe60) Differentiation Pallasite meteorites (planet mantle) Iron meteorites (planet core) Achondrite meteorites (planet crust) Pallasite meteorites (planet mantle) But none of these are chondrite meteorites… Iron meteorites (planet core) Achondrite meteorites (planet crust) How and when did the chondrules form? Sprucefield slice Splashes from the collision of molten planetismals. -
Misiones Espaciales Misiones Que Año Nación Lanzador Síntesis De La Misión Recorrido Lo Visitaron
Una vez finalizada la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética se enfrentaron ideológica y políticamente. El campo de batalla de los dos bloques fue llamado Guerra fría. Las dos super potencias se embarcaron en una carrera por la conquista del espacio en un despliegue de poderío científico, militar y tecnológico. En un comienzo los mayores éxitos fueron de la URSS pero fue EE UU el que logró llevar seres humanos a la Luna. Luego de ese suceso, pasaron varios años hasta que otros países lograron el sueño de llegar a nuestro satélite. LMiUNsiones espacAiales En la actual carrera espacial ingresan nuevos proyectos financiados de manera privada. Las misiones que tuvieron éxito en llegar a la Luna se pueden dividir en: las que sobrevolaron, las que orbitaron, las que descendieron con robots y las que lograron llevar humanos Sobrevuelos/Orbitadores: Luna | Ranger | Zond| Lunar Orbiter | Explorer | Clementine | Lunar prospector | Smart | Kaguya Selene|Chang`e| Chandrayaan| Lunar reconnaissance|Grail| Ladee Landers y Rovers: Luna 9| Surveyour|Luna13|Luna 16/20/24| Luna 17|Lunakhod|Yutu Misiones tripuladas: Apollo 8/10/11/12/14/15/16/17 Fuente: http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/programmissions/missions/ Planetario de Buenos AiresPlanetario de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires Galileo Galilei - Av. Sarmiento y B. Roldán - Tel. 4772-9265 / 4771-6629 - e-mail: [email protected] 1/6 Misiones espaciales Misiones que año Nación Lanzador Síntesis de la misión Recorrido lo visitaron Objetivo: Impactar Sobrevoló la Luna. Luego ingresó en órbita al Sol R-7 Logros : Fue el primer vehículo en escapar de la gravedad Enero Unión terrestre. -
Saksmappe Del 2
1 SAKSDOKUMENT TIL REGULERINGSMØTET 6. og 7. NOVEMBER 2019 DEL 2 Fiskeridirektoratet 2 3 REGULERINGSMØTET 6. OG 7. NOVEMBER 2019 SAKSLISTE Sak 8/2019 Regulering av fisket etter torsk nord for 62° N i 2020 Sak 9/2019 Regulering av fisket etter hyse nord for 62° N i 2020 Sak 10/2019 Regulering av fisket etter sei nord for 62° N i 2020 Sak 11/2019 Regulering av fisket etter blåkveite nord for 62° N i 2020 Sak 12/2019 Regulering av fisket etter uer i 2020 a) Nasjonalt b) I Irmingerhavet Sak 13/2019 Regulering av fisket etter rognkjeks i 2020 Sak 14/2019 Regulering av fisket etter sei sør for 62 N° i 2020 Sak 15/2019 Regulering av fisket etter torsk sør for 62°N i Nordsjøen og Skagerrak i 2020 Sak 16/2019 Regulering av fisket etter a) bunnfisk ved Grønland i 2020 b) torsk i NAFO-området i 2020 Sak 17/2019 Regulering av dyphavsarter i internasjonale farvann i 2020 4 Sak 18/2019 Regulering av fisket etter vassild i 2020 Sak 19/2019 Regulering av fisket etter reker i 2020 a) Ved Grønland b) I Nordsjøen og Skagerrak c) Nord for 62°N d) I NAFO-området 3M Sak 20/2019 Regulering av fisket etter leppefisk i 2020 Sak 21/2019 Regulering av fisket etter makrellstørje i 2020 Sak 22/2019 Regulering av fisket etter norsk vårgytende sild i 2020 Sak 23/2019 Regulering av fisket etter makrell i 2020 Sak 24/2019 Regulering av fisket etter sild i Nordsjøen og Skagerrak i 2020 Sak 25/2019 Regulering av fisket etter hestmakrell i 2020 Sak 26/2019 Orientering om fisket etter brisling i 2019/2020 Sak 27/2019 Regulering av fisket etter kolmule i 2020 Sak 28/2019 -
Dsc Pub Edited
1968 93) few craters, much like the mare sites, Surveyor 7 although the general area was rougher. About Nation: U.S. (43) 21 hours after landing, ground controllers Objective(s): lunar soft-landing fired a pyrotechnic charge to drop the alpha- Spacecraft: Surveyor-G scattering instrument on the lunar surface. Spacecraft Mass: 1,040.1 kg When the instrument failed to move, con- Mission Design and Management: NASA JPL trollers used the robot arm to force it down. Launch Vehicle: Atlas-Centaur (AC-15 / Atlas The scoop on the arm was used numerous 3C no. 5903C / Centaur D-1A) times for picking up soil, digging trenches, Launch Date and Time: 7 January 1968 / and conducting at least sixteen surface- 06:30:00 UT bearing tests. Apart from taking 21,274 pho- Launch Site: ETR / launch complex 36A tographs (many of them in stereo), Surveyor Scientific Instruments: 7 also served as a target for Earth-based 1) imaging system lasers (of 1-watt power) to accurately 2) alpha-scattering instrument measure the distance between Earth and the 3) surface sampler Moon. Although it was successfully reacti- 4) footpad magnet vated after the lunar night, Surveyor 7 Results: Since Surveyors 1, 3, 5, and 6 success- finally shut down on 21 February 1968. In fully fulfilled requirements in support of total, the five successful Surveyors returned Apollo, NASA opted to use the last remaining more than 87,000 photos of the lunar surface Surveyor for a purely scientific mission out- and demonstrated the feasibility of soft- side of exploring a potential landing site for landing a spacecraft on the lunar surface. -
Apollo Over the Moon: a View from Orbit (Nasa Sp-362)
chl APOLLO OVER THE MOON: A VIEW FROM ORBIT (NASA SP-362) Chapter 1 - Introduction Harold Masursky, Farouk El-Baz, Frederick J. Doyle, and Leon J. Kosofsky [For a high resolution picture- click here] Objectives [1] Photography of the lunar surface was considered an important goal of the Apollo program by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The important objectives of Apollo photography were (1) to gather data pertaining to the topography and specific landmarks along the approach paths to the early Apollo landing sites; (2) to obtain high-resolution photographs of the landing sites and surrounding areas to plan lunar surface exploration, and to provide a basis for extrapolating the concentrated observations at the landing sites to nearby areas; and (3) to obtain photographs suitable for regional studies of the lunar geologic environment and the processes that act upon it. Through study of the photographs and all other arrays of information gathered by the Apollo and earlier lunar programs, we may develop an understanding of the evolution of the lunar crust. In this introductory chapter we describe how the Apollo photographic systems were selected and used; how the photographic mission plans were formulated and conducted; how part of the great mass of data is being analyzed and published; and, finally, we describe some of the scientific results. Historically most lunar atlases have used photointerpretive techniques to discuss the possible origins of the Moon's crust and its surface features. The ideas presented in this volume also rely on photointerpretation. However, many ideas are substantiated or expanded by information obtained from the huge arrays of supporting data gathered by Earth-based and orbital sensors, from experiments deployed on the lunar surface, and from studies made of the returned samples. -
Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: a Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 | Asifa
dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 1 Deep Space Chronicle Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology ofDeep Space and Planetary Probes, 1958–2000 |Asif A.Siddiqi National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA SP-2002-4524 A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 Asif A. Siddiqi NASA SP-2002-4524 Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 dsc_cover (Converted)-1 8/6/02 10:33 AM Page 2 Cover photo: A montage of planetary images taken by Mariner 10, the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2, all managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. Included (from top to bottom) are images of Mercury, Venus, Earth (and Moon), Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The inner planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth and its Moon, and Mars) and the outer planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) are roughly to scale to each other. NASA SP-2002-4524 Deep Space Chronicle A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000 ASIF A. SIDDIQI Monographs in Aerospace History Number 24 June 2002 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of External Relations NASA History Office Washington, DC 20546-0001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siddiqi, Asif A., 1966 Deep space chronicle: a chronology of deep space and planetary probes, 1958-2000 / by Asif A. Siddiqi. p.cm. – (Monographs in aerospace history; no. 24) (NASA SP; 2002-4524) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Space flight—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Series. III. NASA SP; 4524 TL 790.S53 2002 629.4’1’0904—dc21 2001044012 Table of Contents Foreword by Roger D. -
Meteorite Collections: Sample List
Meteorite Collections: Sample List Institute of Meteoritics Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of New Mexico October 01, 2021 Institute of Meteoritics Meteorite Collection The IOM meteorite collection includes samples from approximately 600 different meteorites, representative of most meteorite types. The last printed copy of the collection's Catalog was published in 1990. We will no longer publish a printed catalog, but instead have produced this web-based Online Catalog, which presents the current catalog in searchable and downloadable forms. The database will be updated periodically. The date on the front page of this version of the catalog is the date that it was downloaded from the worldwide web. The catalog website is: Although we have made every effort to avoid inaccuracies, the database may still contain errors. Please contact the collection's Curator, Dr. Rhian Jones, ([email protected]) if you have any questions or comments. Cover photos: Top left: Thin section photomicrograph of the martian shergottite, Zagami (crossed nicols). Brightly colored crystals are pyroxene; black material is maskelynite (a form of plagioclase feldspar that has been rendered amorphous by high shock pressures). Photo is 1.5 mm across. (Photo by R. Jones.) Top right: The Pasamonte, New Mexico, eucrite (basalt). This individual stone is covered with shiny black fusion crust that formed as the stone fell through the earth's atmosphere. Photo is 8 cm across. (Photo by K. Nicols.) Bottom left: The Dora, New Mexico, pallasite. Orange crystals of olivine are set in a matrix of iron, nickel metal. Photo is 10 cm across. (Photo by K. -
Meteorite Auction at the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show, 2006
http://www.nyrockman.com/tucson-auction-2006.htm METEORITE AUCTION AT THE TUCSON GEM AND MINERAL SHOW, 2006 Founded by prominent collector Allan Lang in 1971, the R.A. Langheinrich Meteorite Collection is one of the foremost private collections in the world. Comprising hundreds of witnessed falls; unique historic documented meteorites — many with original museum numbers and specimen cards; large irons with unusual character; and lunar and planetary material, the collection is internationally recognized as an important reference and research resource. Many specimens were acquired by the collection through institutional trades with the world's major museums. Much of of the Langheinrich Meteorite Collection is viewable online in the R.A. Langheinrich Museum of Meteorites, and private viewings can be arranged by appointment. Occasionally, specimens from the collection are made available for sale to private collectors and institutions. The specimens shown below will be offered at auction on Saturday, February 4th, 2006 during the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show. CLICK ON IMAGES TO ENLARGE LOT 1R 24 WITNESSED FALL ALLENDE Large complete fusion-crusted individual 1,667 grams Stone, CV3.2 Fell Chihuahua, Mexico February 8, 1969 LOT 2 OT 24 WITNESSED FALL - MARTIAN METEORITE NAKHLA With Humboldt University Label 6.0 grams Stone, achondrite, nakhlite Fell Alexandria, Egypt June 28, 1911 LOT 3 WINONA 10.35 gram fragment Stone, winonaite (WIN) Found Coconino County, AZ, USA 1928 http://www.nyrockman.com/tucson-auction-2006.htm (1 z 10) [2008-05-26 18:19:13]