Strategic Action Plan for the Sustainable Development of the Prespa Park

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STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRESPA PARK

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Aghios Germanos, Prespa January 2005 STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRESPA PARK

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Aghios Germanos, Prespa, January 2005 This publication was funded by the Society for the Protection of Prespa and WWF Greece

Bibliographical reference: Society for the Protection of Prespa (SPP), WWF-Greece, Protection and Preservation of Natural Environment in Albania (ƒƒ¡∂∞), Macedonian Alliance for Prespa (ª∞ƒ) (2005). Strategic Action Plan for the Sustainable Development of the Prespa Park, Executive Summary, Aghios Germanos, pp.76. Cover Photo: SPP archive/Giorgos Catsadorakis Editing: Daphne Mantziou, Miltos Gletsos (SPP) Design: Dimitris Biniaris (ALPHABET S.A.) Press & Prepress: ALPHABET S.A.

ii The study on which the Strategic Action Plan was based was funded by the Bilateral Development Coop- eration and Assistance Programme - Ministry of Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works of Greece.

HELLENIC MINISTRY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, PHYSICAL PLANNING AND PUBLIC WORKS

Scientific Coordinator: Ms. Myrsini Malakou Working Groups:

Albania Dr. Spase Shumka, biologist - PPNEA (National Coordinator) † Prof. Dr. Leke Gjiknuri, biologist - PPNEA, Tirana University Dr. Aleko Miho, biologist - Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tirana University Prof. Dr. Romeo Eftimi, hydrogeologist - Faculty of Geology, Tirana University Prof. Dr. Arqile Berxholi, geographer - Geographic Study Centre, Albanian Academy of Sciences Dr. Wolfgang Fremuth, biologist - Frankfurt Zoological Society Ms. Nina Theodhosi, spatial planner - Institute of Urban Planning, Tirana

Greece Ms. Myrsini Malakou, biologist - SPP Managing Director (National Coordinator) Dr. Panagiota Maragou, biologist - WWF Greece Dr. Vivi Roumeliotou, international environmental lawyer - SPP Mr. Alekos Kotsampopoulos, economist Dr. Vaggelis Nikolaidis, economist - University of Crete Dr. Aris Sapounakis, architect-urban planner - University of Thessaly Mr. Apostolis Karalis, MSc Regional Development Ms. Vassiliki Gamagari, engineer- spatial planning and regional development Ms. Klio Syrmakessi, engineer-spatial planning and regional development

FYR of Macedonia Prof. Dr. Branko Micevski, biologist - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Skopje University (National Coordinator) Mr. Pene Penev, spatial planner Mr. Vasil Anastasovski, geographer - Ministry of Environment Dr. Martin Schneider-Jacoby, protected area management expert Prof. Dr. Dragan Kolchakovski, geographer - Institute of Geography, Faculty of Sciences, Skopje University Prof. Dr. Radoslav Rizovski, biologist - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Skopje University Dr. Svetozar Petkovski - Natural History Museum Prof. Ljupcho Grupche, biologist - Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Skopje University

iii iv Abbreviations

BR Biosphere Reserve

CBD Convention on Biological Diversity

CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna

DPSIR Driving force – Pressure – State – Impact – Response

(Environmental Pressure Indices Model)

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

ESEPI European System of Environmental Pressure Indices

GEF Global Environment Facility

GIS Geographical Information System

MAP Macedonian Alliance for Prespa – NGO

NGO Non Governmental Organisation

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

PNF Prespa National Forest in Greece

PNP Prespa National Park in Albania

PP Prespa Park

PPNEA Protection and Preservation of the Natural Environment of Albania – NGO

SAC Special Area of Conservation

SAP Strategic Action Plan

SPA Special Protection Area

SPP Society for the Protection of Prespa – NGO

TBPAC Transboundary Protected Area Cooperation

WFD Water Framework Directive

WWF World Wide Fund for Nature – NGO

v vi Table of Contents

FOREWORD 1 CHAPTER A. INTRODUCTION 3 A.1 AIM OF THE STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRESPA PARK 3 A.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESPA PARK CATCHMENT AREA 3 A.3 PLACING THE PRESPA PARK IN THE WIDER REGION 3 A.4 DESIGNATED AREAS AND EXISTING MANAGEMENT REGIMES 3 CHAPTER B. OUTLINE AND ANALYSIS OF THE STUDY AREA 7 B.1 ABIOTIC ENVIRONMENT 7 B.1.1 Geomorphology 7 B.1.2 Geology 7 B.1.3 Climate 7 B.1.4 Hydrology, Water Quality, and Hydrogeology 7 B.1.5 Soils 8 B.2 BIOTIC ENVIRONMENT 8 B.2.1 The Vegetation and Flora 8 B.2.2 The Fauna 8 B.2.3 Important Areas for the Fauna and the Rare Species of Flora 9 B.3 ANTHROPOGENIC ENVIRONMENT 11 B.3.1 The Primary Sector 11 B.3.2 The Secondary Sector 11 B.3.3 The Tertiary Sector 12 B.4 SOCIAL PARAMETERS AND TRENDS 12 CHAPTER C. COMPLETE APPRAISAL AND EVALUATION OF THE AREA AND SYNTHESIS OF ALL RECORDS 13 C.1 ANALYSIS OF THE BASIC STRATEGIC AND POLITICAL KEYSTONES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE PRESPA PARK 13 C.1.1 Basic Assumptions 13 C.1.2 What is the Prespa Park and What is its Exact Aim 14 C.1.3 What are the Objectives of the Prespa Park 14 C.1.4 Difficulties Impeding Transboundary Cooperation in Prespa 15 C.1.5 Policy Keystones for the Development and Protection of the Prespa Park 15 C.1.6 Fundamental Management Issues that Relate to All Three Countries and Require Coordination on a Catchment Basin Level 16 C.2 IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC INDICATORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 24 C.2.1 Introduction 24 C.2.2 Policy Fields 24 C.2.3 Environmental Indicators 26 C.2.4 Socio-economic Policy Fields and Proposed Indicators 29 C.3 PROPOSALS FOR FORMALISING THE TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE PRESPA PARK 30 C.3.1 Introduction 30 C.3.2 Cooperation in the Context of International Organisations and Treaty Regimes 30 C.3.3 Proposals for the Development of TBPAC in Prespa 32 CHAPTER D. PROPOSALS FOR SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES PER SECTOR 39

vii viii Foreword

The Strategic Action Plan for the Sustainable circumstances and be subject to review to ad- Development of the Prespa Park (SAP) is the dress new needs. first building block of trilateral cooperation within the framework of the transboundary The SAP is structured as follows: protected area. The Prespa Park was established by the Declaration of the Prime Minis- Chapter A presents the aim and objectives of ters of Greece, Albania and the FYR of Mace- the SAP, a description of the Prespa Park donia on 2 February 2000, aiming at the catchment area and its placing in the wider preservation of the extraordinary natural and region, as well as a brief overview of the ex- cultural values of the region, as well as the isting designated protected areas and man- promotion of peace, friendship and coopera- agement regimes. tion between the three peoples. Chapter B gives an outline and analysis of the The SAP study was funded with bilateral de- study area. More specifically, sub-chapter B.1 velopment assistance funds from the Greek describes the abiotic environment and refers Ministry of Environment, Physical Planning to the geomorphology, the geology, the cli- and Public Works, and was prepared from mate, the hydrology, water quality and hy- January 2001 until May 2002 under the re- drogeology, and the soils of the study area. sponsibility of the Society for the Protection Sub-chapter B.2 presents the biotic environ- of Prespa (SPP), with the collaboration of ment and refers to the vegetation and flora, WWF Greece, the NGO Protection and Preser- the fauna, and the important areas for the vation of Natural Environment in Albania fauna and the rare species of flora. Sub-chap- (PPNEA) and the NGO Macedonian Alliance ter B.3 investigates the anthropogenic envi- for Prespa (MAP). This is the first joint proj- ronment and the productive sectors with ref- ect of the three neighbouring countries and erence to the primary, secondary and tertiary forms a product of close collaboration of the sectors. Sub-chapter B.4 presents the social Non-Governmental Organisations actively parameters and trends in the Prespa area. In participating in the Prespa Park and of sever- the executive summary of the SAP, only a al independent experts. brief overview of chapter B is provided; full description and analysis of the study area is Following its completion, the SAP underwent available in the full text of the study. an extensive consultation process in the three countries with the participation of competent Chapter C gives a complete appraisal and central, local and regional authorities and a evaluation of the area and a synthesis of all variety of other stakeholders. The present Ex- records. Sub-chapter C.1 presents an analysis ecutive Summary accommodates all major of the basic strategic and political keystones concerns that were raised during that process for the development and protection of the and was finally endorsed by the Prespa Park Prespa Park. This section describes the basic Coordination Committee in May 2004. That assumptions for the area, the exact aim and does not imply that the text and content of objectives of the Prespa Park, as well as the the Strategic Action Plan for the Sustainable difficulties impeding transboundary cooper- Development of the Prespa Park is to be ation in the area. In addition, it identifies the viewed as rigid and unalterable; it is rather a policy keystones for the development and dynamic agreement on basic policy guidelines protection of the Prespa Park and the funda- that could with time be adapted to changing mental management issues that relate to all 1 countries and require coordination on a catchment basin level. Sub-chapter C.2 puts forward specific indicators for the environmental protection and sustainable development of the region. This section identifies both environmental and socio-economic policy fields and proposes relevant indicators for measuring impacts on the former. Sub-chapter C.3 presents proposals for formalising the transboundary cooperation in the framework of the Prespa Park. This section considers the issue of cooperation in the context of international organisations and treaty regimes, presents the main international instruments binding one or more of the three countries and discusses possible designations for the Prespa Park. It also lays down proposals for the future development of transboundary cooperation in Prespa.

Finally, Chapter D presents proposals for specific programmes and management measures per sector for the reinforcement of transboundary cooperation and for each one of the three countries. Brief technical datasheets of the measures included therein are available from the Secretariat of the Prespa Park Coordination Committee.

2 Chapter A. Introduction

A.1 Aim of the Strategic the valley of Billisht separates Prespa and Kor- Action Plan for the Sustainable cha in Albania. To the north and northwest Prespa is adjacent to the catchment basin of Development of the Prespa Park Ohrid Lake, while to the far north and north- The aim of the present Strategic Action Plan is: east Prespa is adjacent to the area of Demir ñ to facilitate the provision of information and Hisar in the FYR of Macedonia. its exchange among stakeholders; In Albania, the Macro Prespa area belongs to ñ to outline the Prespa Park objectives in order the Korcha District and the nine villages in this to facilitate future discussions; as well as part belong to the Liqenas Commune. The Mi- ñ to describe in the clearest possible way the cro Prespa area belongs to the Devoll District institutional, economic, management initia- and the three villages of this area belong to the tives and procedures that should be taken in Proger Commune. Both Communes belong to order to enable the accomplishment of these the Korcha Prefecture and communicate with objectives. the city of Korcha through the Zvezda pass, with the city of Billisht through the national A.2 Description of the road which leads to Greece, and to the north Prespa Park Catchment Area with the city of Resen (FYR of Macedonia) through the Gorica/ Stenje border crossing. The total Prespa area, combining the drainage The Greek part of the catchment basin, with basins and the lakes, is 251,910ha. Micro Pres- its 13 villages, falls under the jurisdiction of the pa Lake (total surface approx. 4,740ha) belongs Municipality of Prespa. The area communicates mainly to Greece (4,350ha), while a smaller part with the cities of Florina and Kastoria through (approx. 400ha) belongs to Albania. Macro Pres- mountain passes, with particularly difficult ac- pa, with total surface approx. 25,940ha, is di- cess, especially during the winter months. vided between the three states (Albania, Greece and the FYR of Macedonia), with the largest In the FYR of Macedonia, the so-called Pres- part belonging to the FYR of Macedonia. The pa Valley has an urban centre called Resen lakes Micro and Macro Prespa are situated at ap- and 43 small and large villages and settle- proximately 850 metres above sea level (m asl) ments. The area communicates with the city amidst mountains rising to over 2,000m asl. The of Bitola and the Ohrid region via moun- highest peak in the region is located on the tainous passes. Pelister Mountain (2,601m). There are four is- lands in the lakes, Aghios Achillios and Vidro- A.4 Designated Areas and nissi at the Greek part of Micro Prespa, and Mali Existing Management Regimes Grad and Golem Grad in Macro Prespa in Alba- nia and the FYR of Macedonia respectively. Macro and Micro Prespa Lakes and their catchment basin are regulated and protected under a series of national, Community and A.3 Placing the Prespa Park international legal instruments. In Albania in the Wider Region and Greece, the whole Prespa catchment is The Prespa area forms an enclosed basin con- covered by a single protected area in the trolled by passes cutting through high moun- form of National Park (or National Forest in tains. To the east, Prespa is adjacent to the val- the case of Greece). In the FYR of Macedonia, ley of Pelagonia, which begins in the FYR of on the other hand, the Prespa catchment is Macedonia and ends up southerly to the areas much larger and includes at least three sepa- of Florina and Kastoria, in Greece. To the west, rate protected areas.

3 More specifically, the Prespa area is protected as through:

In Albania ñ The institutional framework of the Prespa National Park (PNP), with a total surface of 27,750ha, established in 1999. The General Directorate for Forests and Pastures, which is responsible for the administration of the protected areas, has approved a Management Plan for the Protection and Conservation of the PNP. It should also be noted that the Albanian Government is preparing the PNP area for inclusion in the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. ñ The wider legal framework of Albania.

In Greece ñ The institutional framework of the Prespa National Forest (PNF), of 19,470ha, established in 1971, as complemented by the establishment of the Prespa Management Body, in June 2003. The PNF has also been declared a “landscape of exceptional beauty” and a general duty to preserve it has been promulgated. ñ From a European law perspective, pursuant to Directive 79/409/EEC on the protection of birds (the Birds Directive), Micro Prespa is a designated Special Protection Area (SPA) as an area important for birds. In addition, under Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of natural habitats and wild flora and fauna (the Habitats/ NATURA 2000 Directive), two Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) have been designated in the Prespa area, the PNF and the Varnountas Mountain. These two areas, along with the SPA of Micro Prespa – which is actually the core zone of the PNF – are included in the Greek NATURA 2000 National List. ñ From an international law perspective, the Greek Prespa falls under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, since Micro Prespa is designated as one of the Greek Ramsar sites (wetlands of international importance). Moreover, several species of the flora and fauna of Prespa – not only in Greece but also in the other two countries – are included in the Annexes of the Bern Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, but no specific protection measures, as instructed by the Convention, have been taken. ñ The wider legal framework of Greece.

4 In the FYR of Macedonia ñ The institutional framework of the Strictly Protected Nature Reserve Ezerani (2,080ha), designated a Ramsar site – along with the FYR of Macedonia part of Macro Prespa – in 1995. ñ The institutional framework of the Pelister National Park (12,500ha), proclaimed in 1948. ñ The institutional framework of the Galichitsa National Park (22,750ha), established in 1958. ñ The institutional framework of the Macro Prespa Lake – proclaimed a “Monument of Nature” in 1977. It has also been included in the list of the most significant localities in Europe (1995) and the list of the most significant water habitats. The area of the Prespa Lake is home to numerous avian species from the CORINE list. ñ The institutional framework of the Reserves of Fir (Abies alba), Birch (Betula pendula) and Beech (Fagus moesiaca) on the slopes of Pelister Mountain (in areas of 7.6ha, 8.7ha and 5ha respectively). ñ The institutional framework of six areas of controlled hunting. ñ The institutional framework of Special Housing Zones, three Industrial Zones, and six Tourist and Recreation Zones. ñ The wider legal framework of the FYR of Macedonia.

5 6 Chapter B. Outline and analysis of the study area

B.1 Abiotic Environment proximately 8m, however the causes of this phenomenon have not yet been fully investi- B.1.1 Geomorphology gated. It is assumed that the dry period after The geomorphology of the Prespa region is 1987, in combination with the uncontrolled intense. The geomorphological character of underground outflow to Ohrid Lake and pos- the region is defined by the two lakes, Micro sibly increased water abstraction for human Prespa and Macro Prespa, and by the high uses in the three countries, resulted in this mountain ranges (Mali i Thate, Galichitsa, phenomenon. The hydrology of the two lakes Pelister, Varnountas, Triklario) situated at a is complex. For a complete interpretation of short distance around the shores of the lakes. the observed phenomena and management The mountainous area (1,100-1,500m) occu- of the water regime, a comprehensive study pies a major part of the overall land surface. of the hydrogeology of the region is deemed necessary. B.1.2 Geology B.1.4.2 Water management and interventions: In the full SAP text, the geological history and In 1936, the Aghios Germanos Stream, in structure of the Prespa basin is presented in Greece, was diverted from Micro Prespa to detail. The basin is generally characterised by Macro Prespa, while the Maliq Lake, in Alba- permeable limestone in the western and nia, was drained. Nevertheless, the most sig- southern part, while at the northern and nificant intervention in the area took place in eastern part the impermeable to the water 1976, when the Devoll River, in Albania, was granite rocks prevail. linked to Micro Prespa Lake, so that to pour water into the lake during winter and to draw B.1.3 Climate off water from the lake during summer for The climate of the Prespa Lakes basin is char- the irrigation of the Korcha plain (30,000ha). acterised as mild continental-central Euro- Through this twofold water exchange with pean with Mediterranean features. Meteoro- the lake (from the river to the lake and from logical data in all three counties are limited the lake to a canal), it was estimated that 30- 3 and do not cover all the altitudes and areas 70 million m of water would enter the lake 3 of the basin. The average annual precipita- annually and 90 million m would be dis- tion falls in the 600-900mm range. The wet charged from the lake through the canal. season lasts from October to May. Snowfall During wintertime, it has been estimated 3 is common from December until April. The that approximately 40,000m solid materials average annual temperature at the lake lev- were deposited in Micro Prespa annually. The el lies between 9.5Æ-11ÆC. Wind velocities are remaining interventions are low scale, most- low throughout the year. ly connected to irrigation purposes, and mainly took place during the 1960s. In 1986, B.1.4 Hydrology, Water Quality a sluice gate has been placed at the end of and Hydrogeology the channel that connects Micro and Macro Prespa Lakes on Greek territory. The institu- B.1.4.1 Water level fluctuation of Micro and tional framework that would permit regula- Macro Prespa lakes: The fluctuation of the tion of the water level in the lakes is largely water level of Micro Prespa is largely corre- absent in the three countries. lated with the diversion of the Devoll River and the withdrawal of water for irrigation B.1.4.3 Water Quality: The absence of long- purposes. The water level of Macro Prespa term, systematic water quality measurements has decreased during recent years by ap- is characteristic for the entire area, all the ex-

7 isting data concern limited duration sampling, the Prespa area, many endemic species of the while the analyses are usually carried out us- Balkan Peninsula have been detected. In ad- ing different methods. Therefore, the results dition, non-endemic species that have been must generally be treated with a certain reser- recorded in the area are included in cata- vation. The water quality is generally good. Mi- logues of protected plant species. cro Prespa can be characterised as dimictic, since thermal layers can be observed and the B.2.2 The Fauna surface water freezes, albeit for a few days B.2.2.1 Invertebrates: 16 endemic species every year. The lake is generally classified as have been registered. mesotrophic to eutrophic or close to the eu- B.2.2.2 Fish fauna: A total of 23 fish species trophic stage. Macro Prespa is classified as olig- have been recorded, out of which 5 are en- otrophic and has good water oxygenation, but demic to Prespa and 2 are endemic to the its transparency is constantly decreasing and it Balkans. seems to be increasingly burdened with pollutants, especially on the FYR of Macedonia side. B.2.2.3 Amphibians: 11 amphibian species have been recorded. Two species and four B.1.5 Soils subspecies are considered Balkan endemics. The full SAP text presents the major soil types None of the amphibian species is directly that are found in the Prespa region. threatened. B.2.2.4 Reptiles: 22 reptile species have been B.2 Biotic Environment recorded. B.2.2.5 Birds: The avifauna of Prespa has B.2.1 The Vegetation and Flora both national and international importance, B.2.1.1 Phytogeography: From a phytogeo- due to its richness but also due to the pres- graphical perspective, the study area can be ence of significant populations of rare species classified in the Balkan sub-zone of the Sub- of international importance, such as the Dal- Mediterranean vegetation zone. The areas with matian Pelican, the White Pelican and the aquatic vegetation have special conservation Pygmy Cormorant. From the 261 bird species importance. The plant formations of the land that have been observed in the Greek part of area exhibit a variety of forms. The successive the area, 183 are important, according to of- zones from the lakeshore to the watershed line ficial catalogues, national or EC legislation on the mountains are forest formations (low- and international conventions. No detailed land woodland vegetation, deciduous oak study to gather qualitative and quantitative forests, deciduous beech forests, and mixed data has been undertaken so far in Albania beech-fir tree forests), sub-alpine vegetation of and the FYR of Macedonia. dwarf shrubs and alpine meadows. B.2.2.6 Mammals: Among the mammals en- B.2.1.2 Endemic, rare, interesting and threa- countered in Prespa, four are in need of im- tened plant species: Despite the fact that mediate conservation measures: the Wolf, there is no complete inventory of the flora of the Brown Bear, the Otter and the Chamois.

8 B.2.3 Important areas for the fauna and the rare species of flora

In Albania ñ The Micro Prespa Lake and its surrounding catchment basin. ñ The Gorica-Kallamas Gulf in Macro Prespa. ñ The oak forests at the western slopes of Mali i Thate and at Bitincka and Rakicka hills until the Greek border. ñ The ancient forest of 45ha of Juniperus foetidissima in the Kallamas area. ñ An oak forest close to Djellas Monastery. ñ The old plane trees in Liqenas and Gorica villages. ñ The stony belt of the Prespa lakeshore where "caraca" (Celtis tournerfortii) grows. ñ The beech forest in the eastern slopes of Mali i Thate. ñ The alpine meadows of the Mali i Thate Mountain. ñ The Mali Grad Island. ñ The Treni cave on the lakeshore of Micro Prespa.

In Greece ñ The area with the unmixed juniper forest close to Vrondero (habitat 5110 under Directive 92/43/EEC). ñ The areas with juniper forests, unmixed or mixed with Macedonian Oak trees (habitats 9250, 9562, 9563) in the area between Psarades and Vrondero, with special emphasis on the two clusters of junipers in Aghios Georghios, Psarades, and Aghios Athanassios, Vrondero, as well as the oak forest at the Ramna location between Psarades and Vrondero. ñ The catchment basin of the Aghios Germanos Stream with special emphasis to all areas with mixed fir- oak tree forests (habitat 9270). ñ The oak and beech forests and pastures above the villages of Aghios Germanos, Platy, Kallithea, Lefkona, Karyes, Oxia, Microlimni. ñ The mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest in Oxia. ñ The core of the Prespa wetland, namely the locations Koula, Slatina, Sloghi, and Opayia, that includes small sections of the habitats 91E0 and 92A0. ñ The island Vidronissi and the reedbeds at Mikrolimni-Bouskani, Slatina Plateos, Leukona, Pyli-Dasseri to the Albanian borders. ñ The rocky shore of the Macro Prespa Lake from the Aghios Nikolaos cape to the Koula/ Sailing Club location ñ The forested slopes of Triklario. ñ The coastline from Koula to the borders with the FYR of Macedonia along with the coastal forest vegetation of the Macro Prespa Lake. ñ The Aghios Germanos Stream from its mouth in Macro Prespa up to its springs, since it includes the habitats 3240, 91E0 and 92A0, as well as the biotopes of the endemic fish species of the Trout and the Barbel and the biotopes where the plant species Galanthus nivalis grows. ñ The last large clump of narcissus in Oxia. ñ Areas where the species Diphelypaea boissieri grows (confidential). ñ Areas where the species Lesquerexia syriaca grows (confidential). ñ Areas where the habitats 6211 and 6230 can be found in the alpine zone of Mountain Varnountas and partially cover the area where the Chamois is encountered. ñ The unspoilt SE part of the study area, SE of the line that connects the deserted village Dasseri with the bay of Latsista up to the top of the mountains and to the Albanian borders. The area includes part of the lake and steep mountain slopes with broad-leaved deciduous trees.

9 In the FYR of Macedonia ñ The Macro Prespa Lake. ñ The Ezerani wetland. ñ The island Golem Grad as an isolated habitat with minimum anthropogenic influence. ñ Old wild almond and juniper forests on the cliffy coast of Golem Grad Island. ñ The cave near the village Leskoec as a significant habitat with bats. ñ The Brajinska River for – among others – the endemic subspecies of trout. ñ The Stenje Marsh, situated on the western shore of Macro Prespa Lake. ñ The Galichitsa Mountain due to the abundance of relic and endemic species of flora. ñ The young Black Pine underbrush near Oteshevo in Galichitsa. ñ The Samoska Dupka Cave in Galichitsa (297m in length). ñ The karst fields: Suvo Pole (arid field), Asangura, Dzafa and Vrdulo, on Galichitsa. ñ The big valley to the south of Magaro peak on Galichitsa. ñ The Galichitsa National Park, which represents a classic find of 20 species of perennial plants, 12 of which are local endemic species, and 26 endemic species of fauna. ñ The sprout forests of European Turkey Oak (Quercus cerris) in Pluskana near Leskoec village, in Galichitsa National Park. ñ The beech and beech-fir forests and rare plant complexes near the village of Leskoec, in Galichitsa National Park. ñ The old hornbeam and hazel tree forests on the slopes of Petrina Mountain near Smolje, above Bolno village. ñ The well-embedded sprout ash forests above Capari village, in Pelister National Park. ñ The old beech and fir forests near Siroka area, in Pelister National Park. ñ The Piedmont beech forest near the Vrteska location, on Pelister Mountain. ñ The old Macedonian Pine forest near Begova Cesma Area, on Pelister Mountain. ñ The periglacial relief forms of the ‘stone river’ type, near the Kopanki location, and the Big and Small Glacier Lakes, on Pelister.

10 B.3 Anthropogenic Environment tential future development – threatens the lake with substantial pollution. B.3.1 The Primary Sector B.3.1.3 Fishing: The number of fishermen has The primary is the largest productive sector in been steadily decreasing. In the Greek Prespa, the Prespa region for all three countries. approximately 13% of the labour force is in- B.3.1.1 Agriculture: In the Greek Prespa, almost volved in fishing. Restrictions on fishing are min- half of the families (48%) are mainly occupied imal. Since 1960, fish production is steadily de- in agriculture. During the last 20 years there has creasing, due to overfishing and overgrowth of been a steady increase in bean cultivation – the reed beds, as well as to a decline in the num- which has, however, recently started to suffer ber of fishermen. In Albania and the FYR of from competitive pressure – constancy in veg- Macedonia, although there is lack of statistical etable and tree cultivation, and reduction in ce- data on fish yield and fisheries, a decrease in fish- real cultivation. Other characteristics of the ing production is also noted. agricultural sector in the area are small land B.3.1.4 Forestry: Although forestry constitutes ownership and some significant deficiencies in an active industry in the Greek Prespa, only 3% marketing and processing. The quantities of fer- of the labour force is occupied in the sector with tilisers and pesticides used in the Greek Prespa a very low contribution to their income. Fully are substantial but stable, while there has re- forested and partially forested areas cover 60.6% cently been a shift towards integrated agricul- of the land in the study area. On the Albanian ture and the application of best practices. side, most local forests have in the past been de- In the Albanian Prespa the main economic activ- graded for the production of fuel wood (which is ity of the primary sector is agriculture. Nowa- the major source of energy) and the collection days, only 2.1% of the arable land is irrigated (in of winter fodder, mostly for goats. Another 1985 the percentage was 54%) due to the de- threat is overgrazing of sub-alpine and alpine struction of the relevant infrastructure. Produc- meadows. Reforestations that took place in Al- tivity remains low due to minimal mechanisation, bania, during the years 1988-1992, used alien leading to low income for the farmers. Fertilis- species. In the FYR of Macedonia, the company ers are not widely used in the region, which in- “Prespa Drvo”, which employs 75 people, man- dicates its potential for organic farming. ages the forests of the Prespa basin and carries In the FYR of Macedonia, the most important out a significant economic activity. The need to agricultural sector is fruit growing (the apple be- adopt a comprehensive forest management plan ing the most dominant) and cereals. The old is deemed necessary in all three countries. marketing system of apples has broken down, B.3.1.5 Mining: There are no active mines in the leading to severe financial problems. Almost all Albanian and the Greek Prespa area, whereas in of the agricultural land (91%) is privately owned the FYR of Macedonia six lime factories and a and the use of fertilisers is intensive. quarry of syenite operate covering local needs. B.3.1.2 Stockbreeding: On the Greek side, about 33.5% of the labour force is involved in stock B.3.2. The Secondary Sector raising, especially sheep and goat breeding. Re- In the Greek Prespa, a few agricultural product- cently, a revival of cattle breeding has been ob- processing units and a marble-processing indus- served, as a secondary occupation. All stock- try operated during the years 1969-1992, albeit breeding sectors, however, face several problems with no great success. Nowadays, only a few fur and deficiencies. In the Albanian Prespa, stock- workshops operate in the Greek Prespa, organ- breeding is reviving as well. Cattlebreeding in the ised as family businesses and employing about FYR of Macedonia does not represent a signifi- 25 people. There are no secondary sector activi- cant economic activity and covers only the needs ties in the Albanian Prespa. In the FYR of Mace- of the local population. The operation of a poul- donia, 2500 to 3000 persons are employed in var- try farm in the FYR of Macedonia – and its po- ious enterprises, which, however, face economic

11 problems. The various industries of this sector cre- Health infrastructure and recreation activities ate considerable pollution and are in need of spe- are inefficient in the Prespa area. The road net- cific investments for their overall modernisation. work in Greece and the FYR of Macedonia is functional except for the winter. In Albania, B.3.3 The Tertiary Sector the road network is in need of extensive up- In the Greek Prespa, the tertiary sector occupies grading. The water supply, electric energy sup- around 16% of the active labour force. Com- ply, and telecommunication system in Albania mercial activities in the study region have creat- present significant deficiencies or are inexis- ed a very rudimentary infrastructure in order to tent. In Greece and the FYR of Macedonia, meet the basic needs of the local community. electricity and telecommunication needs are Services offered in the Greek Prespa mainly re- sufficiently met, while there are small water late to recreation and tourism and demonstrate shortages, especially during the summer a steady increase. The tourist period lasts from months. June to September and the majority of visitors Renewable energy sources are not used in are young Greeks. The Prespa region has sever- Prespa. However, a recent study on the Greek al significant cultural and natural features, ar- side estimates that the biomass from agricul- chaeological sites and monuments, small tradi- tural, forestry and stockbreeding residues tional villages and sites of special ecological in- could be utilised after appropriate financial terest. However, the tourist attractions of Prespa and technical assessment. The exploitation of remain relatively under-exploited, unknown and wind energy does not appear attractive due in a bad condition. Hence, promotion of con- to the low wind potential of the area, but so- ventional or alternative tourism seems to be es- lar energy could be utilised to a certain extent. sential for the economic development of the region and the preservation of its historical, cul- In Greece, there is no wastewater treatment tural and ecological identity. In the FYR of plant and no organised waste management. Macedonia, there is an expected increase in At present, the existing waste disposal area is tourism over the next 20 years, which, however, located near Oxia village. The Albanian Pres- is also mostly seasonal. In Albania, the tourism pa, as a whole, lacks a wastewater treatment sector is almost non-existent, due to un- system and a solid waste disposal facility; nev- favourable economic conditions and lack of nec- ertheless, a wastewater collection and primary essary infrastructure. treatment system is currently under construction in Liqenas and a solid waste disposal fa- B.4 Social Parameters and Trends cility is also being built for the areas of Liqe- nas, Zaroshka and Gorica e Vogel. In the FYR The population in the Greek Prespa (1,294 resi- of Macedonia, two landfills exist, one is a com- dents in 1991) and the FYR of Macedonia Prespa munal landfill for the town of Resen and the (17,681 residents in 1991) has experienced sub- other is an industrial waste landfill; while an stantial decrease during the last decades, while existing wastewater treatment facility is cur- in the Albanian Prespa (5,063 residents in 1989) rently being modernised and upgraded and is a slight increase has been noted. The demo- expected to contribute to the abatement of graphic data and the factors that influence them water pollution when it becomes operational. are different in the three countries. In Greece, the lack of opportunities and social infrastruc- Prespa is rich in cultural and historical values, ture has led – especially young – people to settle which include prehistoric settlements, monu- in nearby urban centres, resulting in a decrease ments and artwork from the Ancient and in birth rates in the area. In the FYR of Macedo- Byzantine periods, as well as a wealth of local nia the population is aging and decreasing due traditions, practices, architecture and art to the high migration rate, while in Albanian a forms. The monuments are generally in need significant percentage of the active labour force of maintenance, restoration and promotion in (28% or more) is practically unemployed. order to be preserved and become known.

12 Chapter C. Complete appraisal and evaluation of the area and synthesis of all records

C.1 Analysis of the Basic Strategic 3. The main relative competitive advantage that and Political Keystones for the the area as a whole possesses is the combina- Development and Protection of the tion of its rich natural and cultural heritage Prespa Park and natural resources. 4. The area has great scientific interest in view The aim of this chapter is to formulate a strate- of the fact that it has almost always been iso- gy for the Prespa Park (PP) founded on given in- lated. formation, starting from the goal of the establishment of the Prespa Park to its objectives, as 5. The values of Prespa cannot be preserved sep- well as the strategic axes on which the future arately in each of the three sides. A typical ex- development and conservation of Prespa should ample of this is the preservation and man- be based. agement of the lake waters quality and quantity. The same applies to: a. the preservation of flora and fauna that is C.1.1 Basic Assumptions distributed across state boundaries; 1. Prespa is a single, uninterrupted ecosystem. b. the control of pest species or alien invasive 2. Prespa is distinguished by a multitude of ex- species; ceptional natural and cultural features, in the c. joint research and monitoring programmes; conservation of which we wish the PP to con- d. joint training of staff; tribute. These values include: e. joint plans to fight wildfires and mutual as- a. the beauty of the landscape; sistance in emergency situations. b. the lakes and the rivers; 6. The significance of the values becomes much c. the various rare biotopes created in and greater if they are combined to form a single around the lakes; whole, as exemplified by the Byzantine mon- d. the great variety of biotopes and the func- uments, which exist in the three countries. tions of the ecosystems; e. the rich fauna, which includes rare and en- 7. The ecological unity of the Prespa basin un- demic animal species; derscores the need for comprehensive spatial f. the large population of some species of rare planning of protection zones and related waterfowl; measures in all three countries where currently g. settlements with many traditional buildings; separate protection systems are applied. h. particularities of the local culture that re- 8. In Albania, the environmental problems reflect late to the relationship between man and the overall degradation of biotopes due to lack nature; of energy resources and unplanned human ac- i. the local varieties of breeding animals and tivities. In the FYR of Macedonia, they are cultivated plants; mainly a result of pollution, while in Greece j. the large number of Byzantine and Post- they are of lesser extent and mainly attributed Byzantine monuments; to the decline of specific traditional human ac- k. the susceptibility of the region to model in- tivities. Nevertheless, in the present study en- tegrated management on a catchment vironmental problems are viewed as having basin level. equal importance throughout the Prespa area.

13 9. Implementation of conservation measures, C.1.2 What is the Prespa Park management and sustainable exploitation and What is its Exact Aim of natural resources are far below the op- The PP is a means, additional to those already timum levels. available, that enables actions, functions and 10. Research and monitoring of basic natural initiatives with a spatial perspective for the and socio-economic parameters is limited. entire Prespa region. Its main aim is the preser- Hence, an integrated monitoring system in vation of the valuable natural and cultural char- all three countries should be established. acteristics of the whole of Prespa through man- 11. Careful and conditional exploitation of nat- agement methods and development initiatives ural resources constitutes not only a desir- that enhance the standard of living of its inhabi- able but also an indispensable factor for tants, as well as promote peace and friendship be- the protection of the area’s values. tween the three peoples and lead to economic and social prosperity and convergence. 12. In many cases, habitat degradation is the result of superficial planning by central C.1.3 What are the Objectives of the Prespa Park state authorities or external factors rather than local misuse of resources. The greatest challenge in Prespa, as in all protect- 13. The productive system is not balanced and equally developed in all sectors. As a result, Based on the text of the Prime Ministerial promotion of structural changes, giving Declaration and the broader experience with emphasis to the activities of the primary transboundary protected areas, the objectives of and tertiary sectors, where the area’s com- the PP can be detailed as follows: petitive advantages lie, is deemed necessary. Objective I: Conservation of ecological values and functions and of the biological diversity in 14. There is an intense need to enhance the standard of living of the inhabitants in all the Prespa Park area. three countries. Objective II: Enhancement of opportunities for 15. Sustainable management and development sustainable economic and social development should not be limited to a stiff or inflexible of the local societies and wise use of the strategy, but they should rather be an ap- natural resources for the benefit of nature, proach to understanding the complex eco- local economies and future generations. logical, economic and social relations. Objective III: Preservation of cultural values, 16. Large-scale or intensive development ini- such as monuments, traditional settlements tiatives are often incompatible with the and traditional human activities, and of preservation of the values of the area. Al- cultural elements that promote the sustainable ternative technology, renewable energy re- management of natural resources. sources and new production methods should be used for the transition from in- Objective IV: Participation, cooperation and tensive uses of natural resources to more involvement in decision-making and in benefit sustainable ones. or loss sharing of stakeholders in the three countries. 17. One of the main challenges of the PP is to establish procedures for actual participation of the stakeholders and inhabitants in the decision-making process. ed areas hosting settlements and human activi- 18. In order for the living standards to be ties, is how to strike a balance between the legit- raised, the three countries must come to imate request of the inhabitants for development an agreement on harmonised utilisation of and better living conditions and the maintenance natural resources under common terms. and enhancement of environmental conditions.

14 C.1.4 Difficulties Impeding Transboundary ñ Complete documentation, identification and Cooperation in Prespa assessment of the problems relating to the The difficulties impeding transboundary cooper- natural values. ation can be summarised as follows: ñ Adoption of a joint monitoring system. 1. Different laws, policies and regimes of the pro- ñ Implementation of specific management in- tected areas and powers of management au- terventions for the conservation, restoration thorities; and protection of biotopes and/ or species. 2. Different political and administrative structure; ñ Linking of management interventions with hu- 3. Different stages of economic development man activities. and policy; ñ Thematic transboundary activities for envi- 4. National sovereignty and security considera- ronmental protection and management; pro- tions; motion of exchange of information, knowledge, experience and know-how. 5. Difficult terrain, inaccessibility and lack of transport; ñ Promotion of institutional reform in order to ensure the protection of the whole catchment 6. National, political, or cultural differences that basin. can cause misunderstandings; 7. Language barriers; and Objective II: 8. The pending foreign policy issues between Greece and the FYR of Macedonia that pro- Enhancement of opportunities for sustainable hibit formal adoption of new international economic and social development of the local agreements between the two countries. societies and wise use of the natural resources for the benefit of nature, local economies and C.1.5 Policy Keystones for the Development future generations and Protection of the Prespa Park ñ Promotion of a common development philos- In order to achieve the above-mentioned objec- ophy for the whole region. tives, the following methodology/ policy should ñ Promotion of balanced development planning be followed: with emphasis on all sectors, not only tourism. ñ Promotion of productive activities contribut- Objective I: ing to environmental protection and management. Conservation of ecological values and func- ñ Promotion of environment-friendly solutions tions and of the biological diversity in the Pres- with regard to energy production and man- pa Park area agement of natural resources, and especially ñ Promotion of the concept of unity of the water. Prespa catchment basin. ñ Use of modern or environment-friendly tech- ñ Wise water management in the basin. nologies and means. ñ Promotion of measures to resolve the Devoll ñ Application of innovatory pilot programmes for problem. the development of primary sector activities. ñ Mitigation of the special pollution problems ñ Development of ecotourism. the Macro Prespa Lake is faced with. ñ Construction or improvement of infrastruc- ñ Sustainable utilisation of natural resources in ture. and around the Prespa Lakes. ñ Promotion of registered designations of ori- ñ Enlargement of existing knowledge on the gin and labelling of local products. condition of the natural environment.

15 ñ Mitigation of the large socio-economic dif- ñ Promotion of a culture of peace, contribution ferences between the three countries with to conflict prevention and building of trust, the ultimate target of achieving compara- confidence and security in the area. ble levels of infrastructure and services. ñ Promotion of exchange of information, ñ Promotion of intra-communication be- knowledge, experience and know-how between the three parts of the Prespa basin. tween the stakeholders directly or indirect- ñ Strengthening the local labour force, ly involved in the protection and manage- through local training, and raising the re- ment of the area. gion’s GDP. ñ Increase participation of local stakeholders ñ Lifting of isolation, increase of opportuni- by introducing new participatory methods ties, enhancement of the social fibre. and approaches, such as processes where the focus lies on “cumulative learning” and ñ Promotion of joint transboundary develop- exchange of ideas and experiences among ment activities. all participants, since diversity is sought ñ Promotion of the multicultural character of rather than being suppressed. the region.

ñ Modernisation of all existing traditional ac- C.1.6 Fundamental Management Issues that tivities. Relate to All Three Countries and Require ñ Enhancement of the internal socioeconomic Coordination on a Catchment Basin Level connectivity of the settlements. Based on the aforementioned findings and ñ Utilisation of local races of plants and animals. principles, as well as the PP aim and objec- ñ Promotion and institutional consolidation tives, the following operational targets are of business initiatives. proposed: ñ Maintenance of existing population figures. Objective I:

Objective III: Conservation of ecological values and functions and of the biological diversity in the Preservation of cultural values, such as Prespa Park area monuments, traditional settlements and traditional human activities, and of cultural elements that promote the sustainable Operational target I: management of natural resources Preservation of Prespa water resources ñ Promotion of the concept of unity of the The SAP puts forward a comprehensive sys- Prespa catchment basin. tem of measures whose implementation will ñ Protection of the Byzantine monuments secure: and of the traditional settlements. a. the desired maximum and minimum wa- ñ Listing of all traditional human activities ter level of the lakes, as well as the op- and features in the area. timum yearly fluctuation of the water ñ Linking of management interventions with level, so as to serve the conservation of human activities in the region. the remaining dependent values; b. the fulfilment of drinking water and irrigation needs in each country; Objective IV: c. the prevention of pollution from point Participation, cooperation and involvement sources and the minimisation of pollu- in decision-making and in benefit or loss shar- tion from non-point sources; ing of stakeholders in the three countries.

16 d. the preservation of acceptable water the farmers on the use of pesticides. Con- quality levels for the various agreed uses; trol and cessation of the washing of spray- e. the monitoring of quantitative and qual- ing equipment in the streams and in the itative parameters of the waters. lakes. Organisation of an effective waste collection system and cessation of uncon- ñ Activities in all three countries: Accomplish- trolled dumping of solid waste. Ensuring ment of a hydrogeological study for the that all settlements and villages are con- whole catchment basin aiming at the im- nected to sewage networks. Establishment mediate mitigation of the problems of: sil- of small wastewater treatment stations tation of Micro Prespa; pollution of Macro (preferably small artificial wetlands). Prespa and decrease of its water level by 8m; and establishment of a relevant long- ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Implementation of term monitoring system. This monitoring a programme to restore the water quality system should have a tele-transmission ca- of Golema Reka River. Control of the ex- pability in order to allow direct contact be- cessive use of fertilisers in the fruit yards. tween the three countries to respond to Control of the dumping of pesticide pack- emergency situations. The system could op- aging in the Golema Reka River. Ensuring erate as a monitoring station and, with the that all settlements and villages are con- establishment of an appropriate manage- nected to sewage networks. Establishment ment body, provide its results to all inter- of small wastewater treatment stations ested people. Preparation and development (preferably small artificial wetlands) for of a coordinated Basin Water Management each village or for neighbouring ones, if Plan between the three countries for the possible. use and management of Prespa freshwater resources. Operational target II: ñ In Albania: Estimation of the actual impact Conservation of rare habitats, the variety of the Devoll irrigation system to the wa- and mosaic of biotopes and the rare or enter quantity of Micro Prespa Lake. Limita- demic flora and fauna species through re- tion of the water input from Devoll River in search, monitoring and implementation of Micro Prespa and the use of Micro Prespa management regimes water for the irrigation of Korca plain. Pro- motion of reforestation activities in both The execution of a series of studies on im- lakes to restore critical micro-watersheds portant species and biotopes is considered and springs. necessary. A comprehensive and harmonised system for monitoring the parameters that ñ In Greece: Implementation of the study on influence the valuable features of the region the optimum water level of Micro Prespa, and the features themselves should be put in which has been completed and approved place. Measures must be taken to secure the by the competent authorities. Maintenance conservation and restoration of important of the lake level within the acceptable habitats in a way that does not exclude the range of 850.60-851m during spring. Anal- sustainable utilisation of possible existing ysis of the water characteristics, the impact productive resources of these habitats. Last- of activities on the quantity of water and ly, the populations of the most vulnerable an economic analysis of water use, accord- and rare plant and animal species must be ing to the requirements of the Water monitored, so as to enable the adoption of Framework Directive (2000/60/EC - WFD). timely management measures. Rationalisation of the use of fertilisers according to the real needs of the crops. Pro- ñ Activities in all three countries: Establishment motion of environment-friendly cultivation of research and management centres (AL/ methods and provision of information to MK) and of a Regional Research/ Educa-

17 tional Centre (GR). Global Environment Fa- ñ In Greece: Promotion of the management of cility (GEF) project development. Prepara- wet meadows, through the implementation tion of a joint forest management plan. of measures for water level control in Mi- Study on the icthyofauna of the lakes and cro Prespa and management of the littoral rivers that includes 11 endemic species and vegetation. Study for the rational manage- subspecies of fish. Study of the rare mam- ment of forest complexes. Utilisation of on- mal species. Study of important and rare ly local species for reforestations. Support species of birds. Preparation of a joint mon- and restoration, through relevant forestry itoring pilot project on basic biotic and abi- methods, of the mixed character of the otic parameters. Development of a GIS sys- Prespa forest. Prohibition of woodcutting tem for the Prespa basin. Restoration/re- in a zone of 50m along all streams with forestation activities of degraded forest high slope values. areas. Joint conservation pilot projects on ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Completion of in- selected species and biotopes. Manage- ventory and assessment of flora and fauna. ment of wet meadows. Action plans for the Regulation of goat grazing in the forest to conservation and management of selected prevent possible degradation. Protection of species and habitats. Monitoring of the the Golema Reka River, a spawning habitat ecological impacts of the introduction of for a significant portion of Prespa fish. Im- exotic fish species. Creation of an aquarium plementation of management interventions and genetic bank of endemic species and in the Ezerani wetland. sub-species of fish. Promotion of the use of domestic animal species in livestock breeding and the cultivation of local plant vari- Operational target III: eties. Joint pilot project for the phasing out Promotion of institutional framework for of uncontrolled collection of medicinal transborder cooperation for the management plants and switching to cultivation, certifi- of protected areas in each country cation and marketing. In Prespa, each state currently applies its own ñ In Albania: Completion of inventory and as- management system (rules and bodies). The sessment of flora and fauna. Control of the goal is to identify the links between them use of forest resources by means of a li- and propose measures for their revision, evo- censing system. Rehabilitation and restora- lution or adaptation to modern demands. tion of forests. Estimation of carrying ca- The basic direction is planning and manage- pacity to reduce pressure of stockbreeding ment at a catchment basin level. To achieve on forest areas. Study and proposal of al- these objectives, there must be: ternative methods for the protection of pas- a. a coordination organ/-s and bodies with tures from erosion. Decrease of the goat regular, institutionalised procedures; number from 5,500 heads to ca. 3,000 (in 3 years), to ca. 2,000 (in 6 years) and to ca. b. full utilisation of scientific and local 1,500 (in 9 years). Provision of incentives for knowledge; the transition of stockbreeding from goat c. determination and scientific monitoring to sheep. Discontinuation of forest man- of all crucial parameters that are com- agement in areas with >80% gradient to re- mon in the three countries; duce erosion. Protection of reed beds from d. continuation of scientific research in or- overexploitation (cutting or grazing). Pro- der to cover gaps; motion of a scheme for the effective management of the reed beds in Micro Prespa, e. effective compliance control with what- according to experience in the Greek part ever rules would be set. and other experiences in Europe. Cessation ñ Activities in all three countries (see also sec- of the input from Devoll that causes silta- tion C.3 below): Revision and evaluation of tion and reduces fish spawning areas. 18 existing protected areas and their manage- years ago must be viewed as a model. The ment plans. Establishment, through a tri- elaboration of a spatial planning study must lateral formal agreement, of a transbound- be a priority in the PP implementation phase. ary EIA procedure (Espoo Convention), in- ñ Activities in all three countries: Development cluding Social Impact Assessment and of a spatial plan to organise human activi- Strategic Impact Assessment. Development ties and land use changes. Prohibition of of joint contingency plans. Trilateral agree- construction of infrastructure and housing ment establishing joint bodies with specif- outside approved town-plans. ic mandate and powers. ñ In Albania: Application of a process of eco- ñ In Albania: Development of a definite struc- logical assessment in the development zone ture and allocation of increased competen- of the Prespa National Park aiming at re- cies to the Prespa National Park. Establish- gional planning of land use. Control of sand ment of a management body and prepara- extraction along almost the entire shore of tion of a management plan for the PNP. the Macro Prespa Lake. Organisation and implementation of a wetland wardening system to control hunting ñ In Greece: Spatial planning for housing and and other illegal activities. other land uses. Prohibition of construction of infrastructure and housing outside ap- ñ In Greece: Designation of the Greek pro- proved town-plans. Control over the irra- tected area as a National Park and adoption tional expansion of the road network and of the Presidential Decree for its protection. minimisation of their negative impact, Expansion of the Ramsar protection status through the establishment of a regulatory for the Greek part of Macro Prespa. framework to control the opening of new ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Completion and im- roads. Control of land-use changes from plementation of management plans for the mining activities and sand extraction. Ex- Pelister and Galichitsa National Parks. Feasibil- amination of restoration possibilities for ity study on the adoption of institutional and sites affected from the said activities (quar- legal measures for the protection of the whole ries, roads). Organisation of a waste man- Prespa catchment basin. Control of illegal hunt- agement programme to reduce land pollu- ing within the Ezerani Reserve. tion. Finding a solution for generated solid waste. Cleaning up of all streams from Objective II: waste and transport of the waste to a controlled landfill, or a temporary but organ- Enhancement of opportunities for sustain- ised disposal site. Programmes aiming at able economic and social development of the waste separation at source, especially in local societies and wise use of the natural re- highly visited sites and commercial stores. sources for the benefit of nature, local Following the operation of a Northern economies and future generations Greece hazardous waste landfill (as planned by the Greek Government), organisation of Operational target I: a separation at source system for such Spatial planning and zoning of activities waste and of their collection and proper and uses transfer. Control of sand extraction along al- Lack of proper spatial planning is one of the most the entire shore of Macro Prespa Lake. main causes of degradation of the environ- ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Control of sand ex- ment in the entire Prespa basin. Interventions traction along almost the entire shore of must be kept to a minimum, the opening of the Prespa Lake. Awareness activities on new roads needs to be justified, and the total waste minimisation with emphasis on re- density of roads needs to remain low. The spa- duction of waste at source. Prohibition of tial organisation that predominated until a few construction of infrastructure and housing

19 outside approved town-plans. Management use and dangers of pesticides. Introduction of of the solid waste generated in the area. livestock breeding in the zone between the cultivations and the wet meadows. Feasibility study on the development of organic stock- Operational target II: breeding and marketing of organic animal prod- Energy ucts. Joint plan on grazing, monitoring of pastures and regulation of grazing seasons. Measures to promote the optimum utilisation of local renewable sources of energy, mainly ñ In Albania: Study for the modernisation and im- biomass and to a lesser degree sun, must be provement of basic agricultural infrastructure. planned. The energy problem is particularly Sustainable use of medicinal plants. Discontin- acute on the Albanian side. uation of the use of unproductive lands on in- clined slopes close to the mountains. Orienta- ñ Activities in all three countries: Reduction of fire tion to vegetable, forage and fruit culture and wood consumption and feasibility study on the strengthening of the local vine production. In- use of alternative energy sources in the region. troduction of economic measures (incentives) ñ In Albania: Feasibility study on alternative en- for encouraging the production of local agri- ergy resources for the National Prespa Park. cultural products. Estimation of the carrying Promotion of the use of solar energy for house- capacity to reduce stockbreeding pressure in hold use. forest areas. Study and proposal of alternative ñ In Greece: Examination of the feasibility of ex- methods for the protection of pastures from ploiting locally available biomass of agricultur- erosion. Modernisation of the stockbreeding al and forestry residues, and from reed man- sector with an emphasis on the use of local re- agement as an energy supply option. sources, means and races and shift of the livestock structure from goats to other animals. ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Promotion of the use Promotion of agro-touristic activities, as well of solar energy for household use. Examination as manufacturing activities in vine and milk of the feasibility of exploiting locally available production. biomass as an energy supply option. ñ In Greece: Promotion of alternative cultivations. Rationalisation of the use of fertilisers. Operational target III: ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Promotion of sustain- Development of the production system: able agriculture. Raising public awareness Agriculture and stockbreeding about the excessive use of pesticides. Increase The overall goal is the promotion and imple- in the local health food production and pro- mentation, at a large scale, of modern concepts motion of regional medicinal herbs. Establish- and methods of organic farming and stock- ment of organised collection purchasing cen- breeding. tres, where wild flora and fauna will be col- lected, dried and packed for market placement. ñ Activities in all three countries: Promotion of zon- Modernisation of the stockbreeding sector al programmes for the support of environment- with an emphasis on the use of local races. friendly agricultural practices. Study for the determination of irrigation needs in each country (it is linked with the water management study) Operational target IV: with a view at promoting less energy-consum- Development of the production system: ing and more environment-friendly irrigation Fishing and drainage methods. Joint pilot project for the promotion of organic agriculture, the re- The introduction of common fishing regula- duction of agrochemicals and the marketing of tions, harmonised management of spawning produce. Introduction of a pesticide reduction sites and other interventions are crucial issues programme and provision of information on the to be addressed.

20 ñ Activities in all three countries: Development ñ In Albania: Management of degraded forest of a common sustainable fisheries plan, in- areas. Control of the use of forest resources cluding a common licensing system, and by means of a licensing system. Rehabilita- uniform fishing regulations. Monitoring of tion of the forest natural ecosystems and es- the ecological impacts of the introduction pecially rehabilitation and restoration of of exotic species. Control of fishing in the forests at Mali i Thate. Sustainable alterna- Prespa lakes. Organisation and control of tive energy resources, in order to minimise amateur fishing in appropriate sites. Main- fuel wood consumption. Creation of fuel- tenance of regular records of fish produc- wood plantations. Estimation of carrying cation. Assessment of the possibility of en- pacity to reduce stockbreeding pressure in riching the lakes with fry from endemic forest areas. Cessation of forest manage- species to enhance relevant stocks. Feasi- ment in areas with >80% gradient to reduce bility study on the production of tradition- erosion. al fish products, e.g. sun-dried or smoked ñ In Greece: Improvement of forestry plans in bleak, and on their promotion as tradition- order to promote a variety of forest habitats, al local products. improve status of forest fauna, and increase ñ In Albania: Introduction of a prohibition pe- biodiversity. Reduction of illegal woodcut- riod to protect spawning of selected species. ting. Support and restoration of the mixed Cessation of the Devoll input. Modernisation character of Prespa forests. Prohibition of of basic fishing infrastructure. woodcutting in a zone of 50m along all ñ In Greece: Amendment of the operational streams with high slope values. regulation of the National Forest with a ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Plan for sustainable view at abolishing the full prohibition of forest management outside national parks. fishing in Micro Prespa. Achievement of the Restoration of forest reserves. optimum lake level to permit fish spawning. Promotion of the management of wet Operational target VI: meadows. Feasibility study on the produc- Development of the production system: tion of traditional products, such as sun- Strengthening of entrepreneurial activity, dried or smoked bleak, and their promotion small and large industry as traditional “Prespa products”. ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Harmonisation of fish- The development of the secondary sector at a ing regulations between the three countries, small scale is desirable, provided it is compat- necessary in order to protect the endemic ible with the environmental policy for the species of fish. Strengthening of wardening area. for the prevention of uncontrolled fishing. ñ Activities in all three countries: Promotion of regulations for registered designations of Operational target V: origin and labelling of local products. Development of the production system: ñ In Albania: Establishment of a small enter- Forest exploitation prise for solar panel collectors. Small manufacturing units for vine and milk products. Forest management practices have to focus on Feasibility study on the establishment of a forest restoration, fulfilment of local energy small industrial unit for the use of biomass. needs and especially conservation and enhance- ñ In Greece: Establishment of a bean process- ment of biodiversity. ing-packaging unit. Establishment of a unit ñ Activities in all three countries: Preparation and for the processing of traditional stockbreed- adoption of a specific forestry plan for the PP ing produce. Study and organisation of a area. Inclusion of some of the pure forest habi- marketing system for local products. Feasi- tats in the protected nucleuses. bility study on biomass utilisation.

21 ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Study and organisa- cases. Implementation of the peripheral tion of a marketing system for local products. road study. Organisation of centres for collection of wild ñ In Albania: Construction of the road be- flora and fauna. Construction of a honey-pro- tween Zvezda Pass and the borders with cessing plant and a small mushrooms pro- the FYR of Macedonia. Reconstruction of cessing plant. the drinking water networks. Construction of an electricity supply system. First-level health care infrastructure. Improvement/ Operational target VII: construction of the road network. Study Development of the production system: and construction of a tele- and radio-com- Promotion of sustainable tourism munications system. The development of tourism must be direct- ñ In Greece: Completion of the new road ed to ecotourism. The preparation of tourism Karyes-Antartiko. Improvement of the tele- development plans should take full advan- and radio-communications system. First-lev- tage of the valuable features of the entirety el health care infrastructure. of Prespa, which should be treated as a uni- ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: First-level health tary tourism resource. care infrastructure. Construction of a ñ Activities in all three countries: Feasibility healthy drinking water supply system, in- study on developing sustainable tourism- stallation of new water pipes and replace- related activities and a pilot project. Inte- ment of the existent (asbestos) pipes. Con- grated protected area visitor infrastructure. struction of a small water purification sta- Network of local tourist agencies and busi- tion in every settlement. nesses. ñ In Albania: Study for the long-term organi- Objective III: sation of sustainable tourism-related activ- Preservation of cultural values, such as ities, such as agro-tourism, and for linking monuments, traditional settlements and them with the corresponding networks in traditional human activities, and of cultural Greece and the FYR of Macedonia. elements that promote the sustainable ñ In Greece: Development of support mecha- management of natural resources nisms for tourist services. Implementation Measures to prevent alteration of the ap- of the proposals contained in the Special pearance and structure of buildings and set- Environmental Study for the development tlements of traditional architecture and to in- of ecotourism. tegrate new buildings are called for. Byzan- ñ In the FYR of Macedonia: Study for the pro- tine monuments should be restored and used motion of alternative types of tourism: eco- as an element of reconciliation and mutual tourism, agro-tourism, monastery tourism, understanding, as well as cultural and touris- cultural tourism and health tourism. tic development. ñ Activities in all three countries: Implementa- Operational target VIII: tion of the peripheral road study to the ex- Improvement of social infrastructure, trans- tent it addresses promotion of monuments. port and communications “Traditions in Prespa” project – study and plan for the conservation of cultural tradi- ñ Activities in all three countries: Adoption of tions, architecture, fishing, irrigation etc. trilateral customs and border crossing Conservation of traditional local architec- agreement and establishment of local bor- ture and other cultural monuments. Inven- der crossings. Organisation of a health care tory and protection of traditional buildings. system for the treatment of emergency Completion of archaeological excavations

22 and promotion of Byzantine and Post- of training seminars, transfer of know-how Byzantine monuments. Establishment of and modernisation of production methods. aquarium and small museum to promote Empowering of local bodies with a view at the traditional fishing methods of Prespa. taking initiatives for environmental protection (operation of Information Centres, Objective IV: ecoguides etc.). Organisation of environ- Participation, cooperation and involvement mental education and information pro- in decision-making and in benefit or loss grammes for the local population. sharing of stakeholders in the three countries For the establishment of the appropriate degree of contact and communication, which will result in cultivating and finally consoli- dating the feeling among the three communities that they are functional parts of a more or less unitary natural and cultural indivisible whole, actions and initiatives regarding common natural and cultural elements, as well as the progress of this joint endeavour itself, are required. ñ Activities in all three countries: Organisation of awareness-raising/ information activities of the local population, public services, bodies etc. within and around the Prespa region. Promotion of public awareness using “flagship” species. Exchange of experience in nature protection, forest and wildlife management. Exchange of experience in sustainable development activities. Creation of data bases with all scientists/ experts on Prespa and relevant publications. Organisation of scientific conferences. Implementation of the Prespa Park Communication Plan. Trilingual visitor information at border crossings. Increasing of awareness of local population on the damage associated with illegal dumping of waste. Joint environmental education and youth exchange programmes. Cultural interaction: open markets, festivals and sports events. Integrated infrastructure for the visitors of the various protected areas; common printed information material in four languages. Strengthening of the capacity of protected area administrations in the three countries – e.g. appropriate and adequate staff and enforcement capacity; language training of protected area staff in the three national languages. Organisation

23 C.2 Identification of Specific case of the Prespa Park the objective is not only Indicators for Environmental to improve the environmental situation and to conserve its present quality but also to strength- Protection and Sustainable en sustainability in the relation of human activ- Development ities with natural resources and enhance the standard of living of the inhabitants, in other C.2.1 Introduction words, achieve sustainable development. An environmental indicator can be defined as The final set of policy fields has been based on being “a characteristic of the environment those adopted in the 5th Environmental Action that, when measured, quantifies the magni- Programme of the European Community prop- tude of stress, habitat characteristics, degree erly adjusted and includes: of exposure to a stressor or degree of ecological response to the exposure”. Indicators serve ñ Status of Biodiversity as tools that help to structure, integrate and ñ Status of Natural Resources focus planned activities, which is particularly ñ Spatial planning useful in the case of the Prespa Park where human and financial resources are not unlim- ñ Waste ited. The proposed indicators are based on the ñ Water quality European System of Environmental Pressure ñ Water quantity Indices (ESEPI) and the DPSIR (Driving force- Pressure-State-Impact-Response) model fol- For the economic and social issues, additional lowed by OECD and Eurostat. possible policy fields are: ñ Economic prosperity C.2.2 Policy Fields ñ Convergence between countries The environmental impacts are grouped in “pol- ñ Education icy fields”, on the basis of: ñ Empowering of citizens ñ similar impacts; ñ Public health ñ geographical areas affected; ñ Infrastructure ñ orders of magnitude of toxicity of emissions; and The relation between the selected policy fields ñ common political management. and the environmental problems, conditions, The list of policy fields in general should include and situations in Prespa is presented in the fol- only environmental problems. However, in the lowing table:

24 Policy field Described impact Status of biodiversity Reduction of wet meadows due to lake water level regulation. Change in species composition due to reduction of wet meadows (reduced fish spawning grounds, reduced bird-feeding areas). Change of fish and bentho-fauna due to water pollution. Introduction of exotic fish species into the lakes. Reduction of certain plant species due to forestry being directed solely to timber production. Reduction of certain forest-dwelling animals due to increased homogeneity of forests. Loss of endemic or local races of domestic animals and/ or plants due to agriculture intensity. Use of exotic species for reforestation. Status of natural resources Lack of sustainable energy resources. Overexploitation of forests for timber production (disrupted timber balance). Intensive agriculture and monoculture of beans and apples. Reduction of fish stocks. Soil erosion due to overgrazing and overexploitation of forests. Disrupted nutrient balance of soil due to intensive agriculture. Expansion of activities (housing, sand collection and agriculture) in ecologically sensitive areas. Spatial planning Fragmentation of landscape. and variation of landscape Monocultures in agriculture. Increased homogeneity of forests. Decrease of natural/ semi-natural areas. Housing outside approved town plans. Loss of characteristic architectural elements. Waste Unregulated disposal of solid waste. Lack of organised waste disposal areas. Pollution of water due to untreated effluent from villages and towns. Lack of an organised waste collection system. Water quality Pollution from point and non-point sources. Change of water quality due to input/ output from Devoll River, Aghios Germanos Stream and Stara Reka River. Reduced appeal to tourists due to eutrophication and increased pollution (wastewater and solid waste). Water quantity Artificial control of lake water level (lower than the biologically optimum level). Decrease of water level in both lakes. Economic prosperity Low total gross income per capita. Convergence between Different development rates in the three countries. countries Low cooperation between local stakeholders. Education Minimal education facilities in the three countries. Empowering of citizens Low number or non-existence of organised cooperatives or cultural associations, groups and NGOs. Public health Minimum to low-quality public health facilities. Infrastructure Non-existent infrastructure in Albania, medium quality infrastructure in Greece and in the FYR of Macedonia.

25 Evaluation and prioritisation of policy fields of background knowledge (1=low, 3=high). This The different policy fields were weighted using a table is strictly indicative, since no uniform number of criteria that included present impact method of evaluating each impact has been set. to environment, economy and society (1=low im- However, it gives an initial assessment for each pact, 3=high impact), scale of required solutions policy field and helps the setting of short- medi- (1=country specific, 3=trilateral) and sufficiency um- and long- term indicators and targets.

Environment Economy Society Scale Knowledge Total Water quantity 3 3 3 3 2 14 Water quality 3 2 2 3 2 12 Status of biodiversity 3 2 1 3 2 11 Status of natural resources 3 2 1 3 2 11 Spatial planning and variation of landscape 2 1 2 3 1 9 Waste 3 1 1 3 2 10 Convergence between countries 3 3 3 3 1 13 Empowering of citizens 3 3 3 3 1 13 Economic prosperity 1 3 3 3 1 11 Infrastructure 1 3 3 3 2 12 Education 2 3 3 3 1 12 Public health 1 1 3 3 1 9

C.2.3 Environmental Indicators the ideal would be. Such is, for example, the As with the policy fields and as already not- case of water quality that is already moni- ed, the selection of environmental indicators tored in Greece in order to secure compliance for the purposes of the Prespa Park was with specific national and EU legislation. On based on the development of environmental the other hand, in the framework of trans- pressure indicators for the EU. These original boundary cooperation some new and even indicators have been reduced in number and innovative activities will be developed for adapted to the specific Prespa nature pro- which there will be no data series. In this tection needs, the basic issues/ themes and case, it is important to select common indi- trends identified in the previous chapters, cators amongst the three countries and de- and the needs for improvement of living velop from the beginning a common method- standards and opportunities for employment ology that will ensure data reliability. Unfor- and development. tunately, it has not been made possible to present a similar list for the socio-economic In general, important criteria for the final se- conditions, since the relevant data are di- lection and definition of an indicator are da- verse, scarce and limited in all three coun- ta availability and data reliability. For present tries. purposes, in few cases, the selection of indicators was based rather on the availability of It should also be noted that the policy field data and existing programmes than on what “Spatial planning and variation of landscape”

26 is not further developed into indicators, since WQU2 – Pesticides used per hectare of utilised other indicators, such as Specific Land-use agriculture land: The indicator represents the changes or Fragmentation of landscapes, total amount of pesticide consumption (as ac- cover its main aspects. tive ingredients) by agriculture per year. The short-term targets are to maintain usage to present levels, develop a reduction pro- C.2.3.1 WQ - Water Quantity gramme and increase awareness on proper Water is the principal element that creates use of pesticides. The medium-term target is the sense of "unity" of the region. It is the to reduce usage in the lowest permitted lev- most valuable element and has the highest els according to crop and to develop a pesti- relative impact on most of the other values cide index into classes, ranging from less of the region. harmful to highly toxic. The long-term target is for the water of Prespa to be characterised WQ1 – Lake level: The water quantity is meas- as being in “high status” according to the ref- ured in terms of the lake water level. Short- erence conditions of the WFD. term targets are the accomplishment of a hydrogeological study for the whole catchment WQU3 – Non-treated wastewater: The indicator basin and an agreement upon the conditions represents the percentage of total wastewater for water use in the Prespa Park in the three not subject to treatment, which is discharged to countries. As a medium-term target, the wa- surface water. The short-term target is for all vil- ter level of Micro Prespa Lake in spring lages to have their own sewage network and should fluctuate between 850.60 and 30% of total wastewater to be treated. Priority 851.00m asl and, on the basis of the scien- should be given to lakeside settlements and the tific data available, specific measures should ones that currently use streams that directly end be taken in order to address the dramatic up into the lakes. The medium-term target is for water level drop of Macro Prespa. The long- 60% of total wastewater from villages, all term target is the adoption of a Basin Man- wastewater from bigger towns and livestock ef- agement Plan and sustainable water use fluents to be treated and in the long-term all based on long-term protection of available wastewater should be treated. water resources. WQU4 – Index of water quality: As a first approach, the following selection has been made: turbidity (FTU), suspended solids, total C.2.3.2 WQU - Water Quality solids (mg/lt), total material, temperature of WQU1 – Nitrogen and phosphorus used per water and air (ÆC), conductivity (ÌS/ cm 20 ÆC), hectare of agriculture land: The purpose of pH, alkalinity (mg CaCO3/100ml), Cl, K, Mg, this indicator is to measure the use of fer- Ca, B, dissolved oxygen (mg/lt), COD, BOD as tilisers and manure in agricultural soils and measure of eutrophication, nitrates and phos- thus the potential environmental pressure on phates and their ratio, chlorophyll ·, ‚ and to- water resources. The short-term target is to tal (mg/m3), selected heavy metals (Hg, Pb, rationalise the extensive and irrational use Cd). The short-term target is to select the of fertilisers in order to comply with the nor- physical and biological indicators/ parameters mative standards of the EC. The medium- that should be included in the water quality term target is to reduce the intensity of agri- monitoring system and develop a monitoring culture by half of present level, mainly with- programme. The long-term target is for the in the areas of the irrigation network and surface water of Prespa to be characterised as increase biological agriculture to 30% of to- being in “high status” according to the WFD. tal, while the long-term one is to charac- WQU5 – Bio-indicators: Since chemical water terise the water of Prespa as being in “high quality does not always correspond to eco- status”, according to the reference condi- logical quality, appropriate bio-indicators tions of the WFD. should be determined, which may be indica- 27 tive or present an inherent interest for con- ifications in the wetland area (drainage or servation and thus management of the pro- restoration), the water regime and the water tected area, or have an economic interest. The quality; unsustainable exploitation of wet- short-term target is to define the reference land products; wetland management and conditions for Micro and Macro Prespa and se- restoration activities. In the short term, reflect species/ bio-communities suitable to func- erence conditions for and mapping of the tion as bio-indicators. The medium-term tar- Prespa wetland areas in the three countries get is to achieve no observable change in the are to be decided and agreed upon; in the status of the selected bio-indicator species/ medium term, a basin-wide management bio-communities and, in the long-term, for plan should be adopted and no negative the surface and groundwater of Prespa to be changes are to be observed; in the long-term, characterised as being in “high status” ac- the wetlands in Prespa should reach the ref- cording to the WFD. erence conditions. SB4 – Forest area change: The comparison of C.2.3.3 SB – Status of biodiversity forest area over time using reference years al- lows the calculation of change in absolute val- SB1 – Important area loss and damage: The unit ues and as a percentage of the deforestation of measurement is the percentage or ha of rate. It should be noted that estimating the protected area affected in relation to the land area alone is not always sufficient, there- baseline year (in this case, the reference year fore the use of other forest health indicators is proposed to be 2000). The pressures should (bio-indicators) is also mentioned. In the short be measured according to sector and accord- term, reference conditions for the forests and ing to the standards in each country. The mapping of the forest complexes in the catch- short-term target is to define important habi- ment basin are to be agreed upon; in the tats and establish core areas and buffer zones medium term, no negative changes are ob- around them in all three countries. As a medi- served and a joint forest management plan is um-term target, no permanent and irre- prepared; and in the long term, natural and versible loss of protected areas is to be ob- semi-natural forests in Prespa have reached served. The long-term target is to maintain the reference conditions. the integrity of biological systems through a SB5 – Percentage (%) of specific habitats, coherent network of protected nucleuses ecosystems, species: For the formation of this within the Park. indicator, species or habitats that are repre- SB2 – Fragmentation of landscapes: The land is sentative of the biodiversity of the region divided into land units which are counted to should be selected on the basis of a series of estimate the land units required to cover the criteria. The short-term target is the selec- land area. An increase in the number of land tion of key species and habitats and agree- units required to cover the same land area is, ments on reference conditions; the medium- therefore, an indication of increased frag- term target is for populations of key species mentation. The short-term target is to pre- and area of selected habitats to show a pare the first Prespa “fragmentation index” trend towards reference conditions; and in and to develop a GIS system for the Prespa the long-term the populations of all key basin. In the medium term, local action plans species and index habitats should be re- for important habitats should be accom- stored to desirable levels. plished, and in the long term any further frag- SB6 – Changes in land uses: The purpose of this mentation should be avoided. indicator is to highlight changes in the vari- SB3 – Wetland area change: The indicator re- ous land uses in Prespa. The short-term tar- flects changes in the ecological character of get is to establish certain minimum limits or a wetland. These changes are linked to: mod- percentages of the total land area for certain

28 necessary or desirable land uses. The medium- demand for fuel wood. It should take into ac- term target is to minimise negative trends in count the characteristics examined in SB4 the conversion of “natural” land to intensive (Forest area change). The short-term targets agricultural land or built-up area. The long- are to update the forestry plans that take in- term target is for land uses to be compatible to consideration this indicator and to prepare with the goal of the Prespa Park and in ac- a joint forest management plan. The long- cordance with the provisions of the spatial term target is to achieve indicator values of plan. less than 100%. NR5 – Fishing pressure: The indicator measures C.2.3.4 NR – Status of natural resources the total catch per year expressed in Kg. Short-term targets are the accomplishment of NR1 – Water use: It is covered by the WQ and a study on the icthyofauna and fisheries of WQU indicators. the lakes and rivers and the identification of NR2 – Share of consumption of renewable ener- trends through a monitoring system. The gy resources (as a ratio of total): This indicator medium-term target is to develop a common measures the proportion of energy mix be- sustainable fisheries plan and to agree on tween renewable and non-renewable ener- specific fishing regulations. The long-term tar- gy sources. Currently in the Prespa Park re- get is for all native populations of fish to be gion no renewable sources of energy are maintained at levels that can produce the utilised. The term “renewable energy re- maximum sustainable yield taking into con- sources” describes an array of possibilities sideration their relation to other species. such as biomass (agricultural or wood processing by-products etc.) and possibly solar power. Fuel wood is not included. In the C.2.3.5 SW – Solid waste short term, the target is to complete an in- SW1 – Waste land filled: The purpose of this inventory of the area’s renewable energy re- dicator is to monitor and record the quanti- sources potential and a feasibility study for ties of waste ending up in controlled landfills their exploitation. The medium term target and waste quantities that are treated other- is to have 50% of households use biomass wise. The short-term target is to organise a (agriculture and forestry residues and reeds) waste disposal system (controlled landfill, for heating purposes and the long term to waste collection) with a reliable system of have 100% of households use biomass for monitoring and recording waste quantities heating purposes. sent to landfill and identify trends. The medi- NR3 – Nutrient balance of the soil: The indicator um-term target is to reduce the quantity of corresponds to the average balance of input land filled waste by 25% as compared to cur- and output of nitrogen per hectare of agri- rent levels and in the long term to reduce the culture land. The short-term target is to es- quantity of land filled waste by 50% from cur- tablish “critical loads” of nitrogen for the ter- rent levels. restrial ecosystems of Prespa. The medium- term one is to reduce the intensity of C.2.4 Socio-economic Policy Fields agriculture by half of present level, mainly and Proposed Indicators within the areas of the irrigation network and There do not seem to exist enough data on increase biological agriculture to 30% of to- the socio-economic aspects of the Prespa pop- tal; and the long-term target is for the criti- ulation, while a number of policy issues do cal load of nitrogen from human activities not not depend on local or regional decisions but to exceed the set values for Prespa. on national ones. As a result, the general in- NR4 – Timber balance: The indicator reflects the dicators had to be modified. Socio-economic pressure on forests that originates from the policy fields and respective indicators are:

29 Economic prosperity: PP projects, population design the future of trilateral cooperation in change, immigration, unemployment. Prespa are: Convergence between countries: PP trilateral ñ The Prespa Park region fits well within the agreements, movements between countries, definition of a transboundary protected implementation of common activities. area. Empowerment of citizens: availability of infor- ñ It is commonly accepted that different pro- mation, participation in PP activities, partici- tection objectives, different visions for the pation in cooperatives, associations etc., future and different designations of pro- training opportunities, participation in deci- tected areas along borders make it more ac- sion-making bodies. curate to speak of “transboundary cooper- Infrastructure: road network, energy use, in- ation in protected areas” rather than frastructure expenditure per capita, number “transboundary protected areas”, which of telephone lines per 100 households, access implies joint territorial administration. to drinking water. Hence, also in the case of Prespa, joint management in the strict sense can only be con- Education: level of formal education that sidered as the ultimate target of a long- people have completed before adulthood, term process. percentage of people who return to work in Prespa after higher studies due to opportu- ñ The approach followed so far has been nities created by the PP, educational achieve- mostly top-down, and there is an urgent ment rates, primary/ secondary school enrol- necessity to concentrate initially on this ment ratio. low-level cooperation in order to build solid links and trust. The high-level political Public health: life expectancy at birth, welfare and legal agreements will thus be used in of mountain populations. the planning that follows only as landmarks that would come as a corollary of relevant C.3 Proposals for Formalising the groundwork. Transboundary Cooperation in the Framework of the Prespa Park C.3.2 Cooperation in the Context of International Organisations and C.3.1 Introduction Treaty Regimes Transboundary protected area cooperation The Prime Ministerial Declaration of 2/2/2000 (TBPAC) has been going on in different forms heralds a high-level political choice of desig- since the 30s, but only during the late 80s nation of Prespa as a transboundary protect- and throughout the 90s has it been studied ed area under the name of “Prespa Park” and and systematised in order to produce a the- has placed this process squarely within the oretical framework and guidelines for its de- framework of the Ramsar Convention. The velopment. Despite these developments, a Prespa Park Declaration itself calls for trilat- “blueprint” for all transboundary protected eral cooperation for participating in interna- areas is simply not possible, which means tional regimes “which aim at the protection that the Prespa Park process is and has to be of the natural environment.” In order to de- viewed as unique. This in turn implies that its velop a strategy for transboundary coopera- development and institutionalisation have to tion, it is thus worth examining the whole be under constant review in order to ensure web of interrelated international environ- that they serve the stated objectives and ad- mental regimes, in which the three countries dress the particular needs of the region. actually take or should take part, and also the Some basic findings from the relevant expert suitability and benefits of other possible des- work to date that could be useful in order to ignations for the Prespa Park area.

30 C.3.2.1 Relevant International Standards

The main international instruments concerning protection and management of the Prespa Park area, binding on one or more of the three countries and imposing minimum obligations on them, are the following: ñ 1971 Convention on Wetlands - Ramsar Convention (all three countries are Parties); ñ 1992 ECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (Albania and Greece are Parties); ñ 1979 Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (all three countries are Parties); ñ 1983 Bonn Convention on the Protection of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (all three countries are Parties); ñ 1992 UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (all three countries are Parties); ñ 1991 Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context (all three countries are Parties); ñ 1973 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES) (Greece and the FYR of Macedonia are Parties); ñ 1985 Convention on the Protection of the Architectural Heritage of Europe (Greece and the FYR of Macedonia are Parties).

Although the other two countries are not as yet A. Prespa/ Ohrid Biosphere Reserve: Biosphere Re- bound by the body of Community law, this is rel- serves (BR) are areas of terrestrial and coastal evant to the protection of Prespa and binding on ecosystems, belonging to one or more states, Greece and should be taken into account because which are internationally recognised within the it does set minimum standards that Greece framework of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere should comply with when planning the manage- (MAB) Programme. Each BR is intended to fulfil ment of Prespa; compliance with the Communi- three basic functions, which are complementary ty acquis is also consistent with the process to- and mutually reinforcing: conservation of biodi- wards EU membership, to which Albania and the versity and ecosystems, development, and inter- FYR of Macedonia are committed. The most con- national network for research and monitoring. sequential pieces of Community legislation ap- There is a specific procedure for the establishment plicable in the Prespa Park area are the following: of transboundary BRs, requiring even the signa- ñ Directive 79/409/EEC on the protection of birds; ture of a formal agreement between governmental authorities. In addition, to implement the ñ Directive 92/43/EEC on the conservation of nat- BR regime a series of other measures is required, ural habitats and wild flora and fauna (Habi- including zoning of the entire area covered – usu- tats/ NATURA 2000 Directive); and ally by a core area, a buffer zone and a transition ñ Directive 2000/60/EC (Water Framework Direc- area – and establishment of joint structures and tive - WFD). organs for coordination purposes. C.3.2.2 The question of designation The above requirements do not seem to cor- Two main ideas have been put forward up to respond to the existing development of the now regarding possible new designations for Prespa Park process due to the following rea- the Prespa Park area: sons:

31 ñ ∆he BR concept is based on the ecosystem The objectives of Parks for Peace include the fol- approach; hence, the ecosystemic unity of lowing aspects: Prespa and Ohrid Lakes should be scientifi- ñ Long-term cooperative conservation of biodi- cally proven, something that has not yet versity and other natural and cultural values been done since scientific research in the across boundaries; wider region is far from adequate. ñ Promoting landscape-level ecosystem man- ñ In the case that such a connection is agement through integrated bioregional land- proven, this would justify also the inclusion use planning and management; of the Devoll River system, which has a much closer connection with the Prespa ñ Building trust, understanding, reconciliation Lakes. However, an ever-increasing expan- and cooperation among governments, non- sion of the area of transboundary cooper- governmental organisations, communities, ation would make effective collaboration users and other stakeholders; impractical and would require the replace- ñ Sharing of biodiversity and cultural resource ment of the institutions and organs of the management skills and experience; Prespa Park cooperation system with new ñ Greater effectiveness and efficiency of cooper- ones that would include many more stake- ative management programmes; holders. ñ Promotion of access to and equitable and sus- ñ Furthermore, the three states should then tainable use of natural resources, consistent enter into political negotiations to review with national sovereignty; the mandate included in the Prime Minis- ñ Enhancing the benefits of conservation and terial Declaration of 2/2/2000. Greece promoting benefit-sharing across boundaries would arguably be hesitant to broaden the among stakeholders; scope of its initiative to Ohrid, an area to which it does not have any territorial or ju- ñ Cooperative research and information man- risdictional stake, in the absence of a com- agement programmes. pelling justification. Lastly, even if agree- This idea fits well within the framework of the ment could be reached, at present, an offi- Prespa Park Declaration and no new political cial agreement between the three countries commitment is required. In addition, such a des- is unfeasible as between Greece and the ignation would not undermine the existing man- FYR of Macedonia. agement regimes, including the Ramsar Con- ñ Consistent zoning would demand exten- vention. Finally, a Prespa Peace Park designation sive review of the existing protection would constantly remind all stakeholders and regimes and management schemes in the other observers of the uniqueness and impor- three countries, which would certainly tance of this trilateral level of cooperation in this take some considerable time in view of the specific geographic location historically renown divergent protection systems applied at not for cooperation, but for war. present. In conclusion, the immediate designation of · B. Prespa Peace Park: The term “Peace Park” “Prespa Peace Park” for the Transboundary Pres- has no legal definition and, therefore, its con- pa Park region is recommended together with a ceptual framework is determined not by ex- systematic scientific study and management of isting protocol but by the countries and the region, which could possibly be designated stakeholders involved in the process of its as a Biosphere Reserve when conditions mature. formation. More specifically, “Transboundary Parks for Peace” are considered especially C.3.3 Proposals for the Development pertinent to border areas separating previ- of TBPAC in Prespa ously different political and socio-economic Based on the lessons learned and conclusions systems in Europe, such as Prespa. reached in the foregoing sections, a detailed, but

32 indicative, plan for the evolution and institution- 5. Study of the implications and impact of the alisation of the TBPAC in Prespa is given below: introduction of alien species. 6. Priority research in threatened animal and A. Elaboration of common concepts on nature plant species. protection and sustainable development of 7. Creation of data bases with all scientists/ ex- the Prespa Park area. perts on Prespa and relevant publications. Activities: 8. Organisation of scientific conferences. 1. Preparation of a Strategic Action Plan. 9. Establishment of a transboundary EIA procedure 2. GEF project development. (Espoo Convention), including Social Impact Assessment and Strategic Impact Assessment. 3. Evaluation and possible revision of existing protected areas and their management plans Maturity indicators: in each country. (2005) Establishment of a joint long-term moni- 4. Exchange of experience in nature protection, toring system for environmental and socio-eco- forest and wildlife management. nomic indicators. 5. Exchange of experience in sustainable devel- (2006) Trilateral formal agreement on trans- opment activities. boundary EIA. 6. “Traditions in Prespa” project – study and plan for the conservation of cultural traditions, ar- C. Joint conservation and chitecture, fishing, irrigation etc. restoration programmes Maturity indicators: Activities:

(2006) Formulation of complementary and com- 1. Joint conservation pilot projects on selected patible protected area management plans, after species and habitats. the protected area units are reviewed and rele- 2. Restoration/ reforestation activities of de- vant management bodies are established – graded forest areas, starting with a pilot phase Adoption of a formal agreement on the Prespa covering reforestation of Mali i Thate areas. Park (see also axis K). 3. Pilot project for the management of reed beds (2008) Adoption of a single basin-wide man- in the Albanian Micro Prespa. agement plan. 4. Programme for the reduction of fire wood consumption and feasibility study on the use B. Joint research, monitoring of alternative energy sources in the region. and documentation 5. Joint forest management plan. Activities: Maturity indicator: 1. Hydrogeological study, establishment of a monitoring system and establishment of a (2006) Adoption of joint conservation plans for key standing joint working group on water issues species of birds and of a forest management plan. (see also axis D below). D. Joint water management 2. Development of a GIS system for the Prespa basin. Activities: 3. Establishment of research and management 1. Plan for restoration of past interventions in centres (AL/ MK) and a Regional Research/ Ed- Micro Prespa Lake on the basis of activity B.1. ucational Centre (GR). 2. Preparation of a common management plan 4. Joint monitoring pilot project on basic biotic of water resources on the basis of activity B.1 and abiotic parameters. and D.1.

33 Maturity indicator: H. Sustainable tourism in the Prespa basin

(2007) Trilateral formal agreement on water Activities: issues, including establishment of a coordi- 1. Integrated protected area visitor infrastructure nated structure for use of lake waters: irri- (roads, pathways, bird watching sites etc.). gation, water supply etc., to protect water quality through the support and develop- 2. Network of local tourist agencies and busi- ment of sustainable activities in the entire nesses (e.g. agro-tourism, ecovillages etc.). watershed. 3. Pilot-project on linked tourism products (joint visitors facilities, boat trips etc.), on condition E. Sustainable fishing in the Prespa Lakes that the indicator of axis I has been accom- plished. Activities:

1. Basin-wide assessment of fish resources, I. Public awareness, communication, related habitats and biological demands. environmental education 2. Development of a common sustainable Activities: fisheries plan, including a common licensing system and uniform fishing regula- 1. Implementation of the Prespa Park Commu- tions. nication Plan, with emphasis on the common values of the area and the opportunities for Maturity indicator: sustainable development. (2007): Adoption of uniform fishing regula- 2. Trilingual visitor information at border crossings. tions and a common fishing licensing system. 3. Joint environmental education and youth exchange programme. F. Sustainable agriculture in the Prespa basin 4. Cultural interaction: open markets, festivals, Activities: sports events. 5. Exhibitions. 1. Joint pilot project for the promotion of organic agriculture, the reduction of agro- Maturity indicator: chemicals and the marketing of produce. (2006) Adoption of trilateral customs and bor- 2. Joint pilot project for the phasing out of der crossing agreement and establishment of lo- uncontrolled collection of medicinal plants cal border crossings. and turning to cultivation, certification and marketing. J. Joint Emergency Response Activity: G. Sustainable livestock breeding in the Prespa basin Development of joint contingency plans. Activities: Maturity indicator:

1. Joint plan on grazing, monitoring of pas- (2005) Trilateral joint contingency Memorandum tures and regulation of grazing seasons. of Understanding (MoU). 2. Pilot project for the decrease of goat and the preservation and increase of local races K. Capacity building, institutional strength- and animals grazing in the reed beds (rel- ening and development of joint institutions evant to activity C.3). Capacity-building and institutional strength- 3. Joint study and programme for the mar- ening is required for practically all stake- keting of organic meat and dairy products. holders. These are partially covered from the

34 aforementioned activities, such as A2, A4 and The above mentioned formal international A5, which would build the capacity of the agreement on the Prespa Park should equal- groups and agencies that implement them. ly provide for the establishment of the Pres- The protected area administrations in the pa Park Management Committee, which three countries are in particular need of hav- should be composed of the existing Coordi- ing their capacities strengthened, and espe- nation Committee members and the protect- cially to acquire appropriate and adequate ed area Directors. The Committee will have staff and enforcement capacity. clearly defined consultation and decision- But the most focal point in the institutional making powers for a determined set of sub- development of TBPAC in Prespa is the de- ject matters relating to protected area man- velopment of joint institutions. Two main agement according to prescribed rules of pro- bodies are proposed to evolve from the pres- cedure. The Committee should be assisted in ent interim institutional structure, which its tasks by a Secretariat or Bureau, from the would unavoidably be established by means transboundary Prespa Park officers from rel- of formal trilateral agreement between the evant national parks and supporting staff, three countries, where their responsibilities, and by technical bodies of experts for various mandate and relationships would be defined: issues, e.g. water. ñ the Prespa Park Assembly and The operation of both the Assembly and the Management Committee should be secured ñ the Prespa Park Management Committee. through some sort of permanent arrange- The trilateral Prespa Park Assembly will con- ment, such as a Prespa Trust Fund, to which sist of Inter-sectoral Advisory Task Forces, the GEF and other interested national and in- which should be set up in each country and ternational donors will initially contribute. At are conceived as advisory bodies consisting of a later stage, the three governments, inter- all Directors of protected area management national donors and income from trans- authorities, representatives of all competent boundary activities are expected to con- public agencies at the prefectural, district or tribute to the Trust Fund. Its establishment regional level (environment, spatial planning, should be based on a comprehensive feasi- forestry, monuments, fisheries, development, bility study. police etc.), local authorities and social and Maturity indicator professional groups in Prespa. They will serve to ensure the democratic dialogue and par- (2006): Adoption of a formal agreement on the ticipation and the necessary coordination and Prespa Park, the establishment of the Prespa comprehensive planning, in order to integrate Park Assembly, the Prespa Park Management the environmental dimension in all sectoral Committee and subsidiary organs and the Pres- policies applied in the Prespa region. pa Trust Fund (see also axis A).

35 Interim Institutional Structure

Prespa Park Coordination Committee (Ministries of Environment, Mayors, NGOs, Ramsar/MedWet)

Secretariat (NGOs)

Proposed Institutional Structure (2005 et seq.)

Inter-sectoral advisory Inter-sectoral advisory Inter-sectoral advisory task force (AL) task force (MK) task force (GR)

Prespa Park Assembly (three inter-sectoral advisory task forces)

Prespa Park Management Committee GEF Prespa Project Management Board (Ministries of Environment, Mayors, NGOs, Directors of the Protected Areas, Ramsar/MedWet) Prespa Trust Fund

Secretariat or Bureau Standing (Transboundary Prespa Park officers from national Working Groups protected areas and supporting staff)

36 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR Memorandum of Understanding management plan forest sustainable development demonstration project development of the Prespa Park development of the Prespa management plans, and the overall spatial systems, the relevant National countries – Establishment of a Prespa planning in the three management body and plan in Greece Park with a structured on interventions – Establishment of a standing joint working group water issues (GR) Educational Centre Regional Research/ possibly open markets exchange programme 1. Declaration of the Prime Ministers on the Prespa Park 1. Declaration of the Prime Ministers on Prespa of the Strategic Action Plan for sustainable 2. Preparation Committee and Secretariat 3. Operation of an interim Coordination development phase 4. GEF project area of the national protected 5. Assessment and possible review of past monitoring and plan for restoration study, 6. Hydrogeological (AL/ MK) and a and management centres 7. Establishment of research transboundary cultural and sports events, 8. Organisation of regular education and youth 9. Development of a trilateral environmental ACTIVITY 10. Development of joint contingency plans – trilateral 10. – pilot phase joint areas Restoration activities of degraded forest 11. Park process of the Prespa First assessment and review 12. Feasibility study on the use of alternative energy sources 13. Basin-wide assessment of fish resources 14. – First basin-wide GEF project Implementation of the Prespa 15. INDICATIVE TIMETABLE OF KEY ACTIVITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TBPAC IN PRESPA IN PRESPA OF KEY ACTIVITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT TBPAC TIMETABLE INDICATIVE

37 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YEAR procedure – trilateral formal agreement on transboundary EIA – trilateral formal agreement procedure monitoring programme ecosystems – joint conservation plans in coordination including inter-sectoral other cooperative structures, initiatives such as the with related each country and coordination Ohrid process Park and the establishment of trilateral organs Prespa Memorandum of Understanding control of customs and border trips) Environment) licensing system ACTIVITY 16. Development of a transboundary environmental impact assessment Development of a transboundary environmental 16. Implementation of a pilot basin-wide biodiversity and pollution 17. on key species and Implementation of joint conservation measures 18. – Establishment of fora and GEF project Implementation of the Prespa 19. on the (Ministries of Environment) Adoption of formal agreement 20. – adoption Park process of the Prespa Second assessment and review 21. (joint visitors facilities, boat on linked tourism products Pilot project 22. on water issues (Ministries of Adoption of formal trilateral agreement 23. and Adoption of common sustainable fisheries plan, regulations 24. management plan area Adoption of a single basin-wide protected 25. Park process of the Prespa assessment and review Third 26. Park process of the Prespa Fourth assessment and review 27. Other actions to be decided at a later stage Other actions to be decided at a later stage INDICATIVE TIMETABLE OF KEY ACTIVITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TBPAC IN PRESPA IN PRESPA OF KEY ACTIVITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT TBPAC TIMETABLE INDICATIVE

38 Chapter D. Proposals for Specific Programmes and Management Measures per Sector “ “ INDEX WQ, WQU, NR, SB; Convergence between countries WQ, NR; Convergence between countries WQ, WQU, NR, SB; Convergence between countries “ “ REFERENCE Objective I: Operational targets I and II Objective I: Operational target I & Objective II: Operational targets II and III Objective I: Operational targets I and II 220,000 728,000 120,000 160,000 120,000 1,000,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 1

2002-2004 2003-2007 2004-2005 2002-2006 2003-2007 TIMETABLE PART I: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – I: STRATEGIC PART c1. Establishment of a system for the monitoring pollution and of concentrations dangerous matters in water soil using GIS technology c2. Creation of a digital cadastre polluters c3. Creation of digital models measurement sites and water quality c4. Establishment of web-based distance learning system in the field of ecological issues and solutions with purpose increased eco-awareness Organisation of a system and establishment infrastructure for Organisation of a system and establishment infrastructure for the long-term monitoring of basic socio-economic parameters the long-term monitoring and management of waters Study for the determination of irrigation needs in each country aiming at the promotion of more energy-saving and environmentally friendly irrigation and drainage methods Organisation of a system and establishment infrastructure for the long-term monitoring of basic biotic environmental parameters (biotopes, flora/ fauna) Prespa catchment basin Planning and preparation of a hydrogeological study for the entire Web-based information system for the Prespa ecosystem intended monitoring of lake eutrophication and environmental protection b. Objective I: Conservation of ecological values and functions and of the biological diversity in the Prespa Park area Objective I: Conservation of ecological values and functions the biological diversity in Prespa AND IRRIGATION TREATMENT RESOURCES – MONITORING, WASTEWATER OF WATER PRIORITY AXIS 1: PRESERVATION a. b. c. (Complementary to project TR 2.2) d. AND SPECIES RARE HABITATS ENVIRONMENT, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL PRIORITY AXIS 2: CONSERVATION a. STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY Measure Measure No TR 1.1 STUDIES/ RESEARCH Measure No TR 2.1 PARAMETERS MONITORING OF BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL The timetable in this chapter is strictly indicative and has not been updated since the completion of study May 2002. 1 CUMULATIVE TABLES CUMULATIVE

39 Empowerment of citizens; Convergence between countries NR, SB; Convergence between countries NR, SB; Convergence between countries REFERENCE INDEX Objective IV Objective I: Operational target II Objective I: Operational target II 75,000 75,000 75,000 40,000 300,000 200,000 200,000 100,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004 2003-2007 2003-2004 2004-2006 2003-2004 2003-2004 2003-2004 TIMETABLE PART I: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – I: STRATEGIC PART spawning grounds etc.) that includes 11 endemic species and sub-species of fish species of mammals (Bear, Wolf, Otter, Chamois) (dwarf cow, sheep and goat of Prespa) b1. Joint coordinating body for the three separate fire brigades, which will act in case of forest fire no matter the country b2. Preparation of action plans and maps Study of the icthyofauna lakes and rivers (populations, Study for the rational management of forest complexes in Study on the populations, range and distribution of rare Organisation of awareness raising/ provision information actions for the residents, services, bodies etc in and around Prespa area catchment basin (timber-felling, fire-prevention measures, anti- erosion measures, measures for the prevention of floods and the introduction of alien species)

Study for the conservation of local races domestic animals a. b. c. Study/ inventory of protected and rare species avifauna c. d. PARTICIPATION OF THE LOCAL POPULATION AND THE VISITORS OF THE LOCAL POPULATION PARTICIPATION a. b. Joint pilot environmental education programme b. Joint fire brigade PLANNING AND INTERVENTIONS IN THE FOREST COMPLEXES PLANNING AND INTERVENTIONS a. STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY TR 2.2 SPECIES STUDIES/ INVENTORIES OF FAUNA TR 2.4 AND RAISING/ PROVISION OF INFORMATION AWARENESS TR.2.3 (see also measures A 2.2, G 2.2)

40 of the natural NR, SB; Convergence between countries; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure All environmental indicators; Convergence between countries All environmental indicators; Infrastructure; Convergence between countries REFERENCE INDEX Objective I: Operational target II & Objective II: Operational target VII Objective II: Operational target I Objective I & Objective IV FYR of Albania 940,000 200,000 300,000 750,000 150,000 600,000 Greece* Greece* (in EURO) Macedonia Action Plan, incorporated * The cost for Measure G 7.5 in the National TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL Greece has been 2002-2006 200,000 2004-2005 2003-2006 TIMETABLE

PART I: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – I: STRATEGIC PART Selection, arrangement and provision of equipment in the main Conversion of the building complex fish hatchery into a view spots Protection of unique natural formations, e.g. wooden marks and Regional Research/ Educational Centre signposts Operation of the Centre for first year with scientists from all three countries resources for the benefit of nature, local economies and future generations local economies and future for the benefit of nature, resources PLANNING AND LAND USE REGULATION PRIORITY AXIS 3: SPATIAL PLAN SPATIAL TRANSBOUNDARY Transboundary Spatial Plan for the organisation of activities and land use in the lakes basin Objective II: Enhancement of opportunities for sustainable economic and social development the local societies wise use b. Restoration and refurbishment of the said complex c. a. b. Organisation of access to designated areas interest c. Improvement of accessibility paths linking areas interest d. e. Construction of informative kiosks in major areas interest ACTIONS FOR THE PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF ACTIONS FOR THE PRESERVATION ELEMENTS AND AREAS OF THE NATURAL IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENT OF THE PRESPA PARK OF THE PRESPA a. STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY TR 3.1 (see also measures A 3.1, G 3.2) Measure Measure No TR 2.6 (connected to Priority axis 7) TR 2.5 CENTRE REGIONAL RESEARCH/ EDUCATIONAL

41 NR; Economic prosperity; Convergence between countries NR; Economic prosperity; Convergence between countries WQ, WQU, NR; Convergence between countries; Economic prosperity Empowerment of citizens; Education; Convergence between countries REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target II Objective II: Operational targets III, IV, V and VI Objective II: Operational target III Objective II: Operational target VI 25,000 300,000 300,000 100,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2005 February- 2002-2006 60,000 2002-2006 90,000 2003-2005 TIMETABLE September PART I: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – I: STRATEGIC PART Design and implementation of a pilot programme concerning the application of modern, environmentally-friendly cultivation methods Preparation of a Common Operational Plan for the development of organic farming and stock-raising for the common promotion of products Market research concerning the identification of products that can be awarded a “Label of Quality” PRIORITY AXIS 4: ENERGY Feasibility study regarding the potential for using alternative types of energy at the Prespa basin (utilising biomass and solar sources of energy) PRIORITY AXIS 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY SECTOR AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SECTOR AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE PRIORITY AXIS 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY Feasibility study regarding the transborder exploitation of natural resources and raw materials of the primary sector IN THE PRIMARY SECTOR IN THE PRIMARY a. b. c. PRIORITY AXIS 6: STRENGTHENING OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY AND SMALL INDUSTRY PEOPLE – CEFE METHODOLOGY The project envisions 6 trainings for unemployed people from the FYR of Macedonia and Albania in: - start of own business - preparation of business plan - marketing activities STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY Measure Measure No TR 4.1 TYPES OF ENERGY – STUDY ALTERNATIVE Measure Measure No TR 5.1 RESOURCES – STUDY USE OF NATURAL ΤR 5.2 OF PILOT ACTIONS DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION Measure Measure No 6.1TR REGIONAL TRAINING IN SMALL BUSINESSES FOR UNEMPLOYED

42 Convergence between countries; Economic prosperity Convergence between countries; Empowerment of citizens Convergence between countries; Empowerment of citizens; Economic prosperity Economic prosperity; Convergence between countries REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VI Objective II: Operational target VI Objective IV Objective II: Operational target VII - 500,000 300,000 200,000 200,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2003-2007 2004-2006 60,000 2004-2005 2002-2006 90,000 TIMETABLE PART I: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – I: STRATEGIC PART expertise, the modernisation of production methods, etc. Organisation of exchange networks for the transfer a1. Assisting the creation of joint enterprises a2. Assisting the creation of networks cooperating enterprises and exchange networks for the transfer of expertise - Organisation of training seminars - Actions concerning the training and specialisation of labour force: Catalogue of all existent small and medium-sized companies in Albania, FYR of Macedonia and Greece data exchange Establishment of Bureau small and medium-sized enterprises (will supply info on state funds, European Commission funds and investment possibilities) STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY a. Promoting enterprise cooperation: b. Common production infrastructures STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY a. b. Joint ventures with joint capital c. d. Foundation of a Bureau Product Quality c. Introducing new institutions aiming at the fostering of productive and social activities (see other measures in Priority axis 6) a. Organising a Social Security Network b. TYPES OF TOURISM ALTERNATIVE PRIORITY AXIS 7: FOSTERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-SCALE TOURISM AND ESPECIALLY Feasibility study on the potential for developing small-scale tourism-related activities and on the proper management of those in sensitive areas TR 6.2 ASSISTING PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES TR 6.3 TR 7.1 ACTIVITIES – STUDY SMALL-SCALE TOURISM-RELATED TR 6.4 UPGRADING THE LABOUR FORCE AND QUALITY OF LIFE Measure No

43 NR; Convergence between countries; Economic prosperity Convergence between countries; Empowerment of citizens Economic prosperity; Convergence between countries Economic prosperity; Convergence between countries; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VII & Objective III Objective III & Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational target VIII 45,000 600,000 120,000 120,000 500,000 300,000 400,000 230,000 1,000,000 3,550,000 1,350,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004- 2005- 2006- FYR of Greece Albania 2003-2007 2002-2006 90,000 2003-2006 Macedonia TIMETABLE PART I: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – I: STRATEGIC PART Creation of common structures and infrastructures regarding the Design and publication of common booklets information material of cultural events Development of common cultural infrastructures and organisation integrated reception and provision of information to tourists. Comparative study, which will consequently be published as a trilingual brochure for the popularisation of traditional folk cultures in Prespa STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY INTERVENTIONS IN TOURISM INTERVENTIONS a. b. c. Electronic information d. Promotion of enterprise cooperation among the three countries e. Revitalisation/ creation of special-purpose tourist infrastructures f. Actions concerning lakeside tourism g. FORMS OF TOURISM IN ALBANIA, GREECE AND THE FYR OF MACEDONIA - - Workshops with stakeholders PRIORITY AXIS 9: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 9: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT Feasibility and environmental impact study concerning the operation of the peripheral road axis PRIORITY AXIS 11: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – MISCELLANEOUS AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 11: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROMOTING REGIONAL INTEGRATION a. Road connections - Transport infrastructures b. Port infrastructures c. Border stations TR 7.2 OF INTEGRATED DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION TR 7.3 ROLE OF TRADITIONAL CUISINE IN PROMOTING ALTERNATIVE TR 9.1 PERIPHERAL ROAD AXIS Measure Measure No TR 11.1 Measure Measure No

44 Convergence between countries; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure d of cultural Objective III REFERENCE INDEX 50,000 50,000 200,000 200,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2003-2006 TIMETABLE PART I: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – I: STRATEGIC PART (surrounding area and murals) murals in the hermit’s cave of Panagia Vithou Kallamas murals in the hermit’s cave of Evaggelismos Gollomboc murals in the church of Panagia Maligrad cave of Archaggeli village of Gollomboc Albania (Indicative reference based on the study of proposed The FYR of Macedonia (Indicative reference based on the study of the proposed Prespa Peripheral Road Axis) Peripheral Road Axis) i. Restoration of the church St.Dimitrios in Kallamas ii. Improvement of accessibility, restoration and fixing Improvement of accessibility, restoration and fixing iii. Improvement of accessibility, restoration building and iv. v. Restoration of built structure and murals in the hermit’s vi. Restoration of murals the church Evangelismos in i. Restoration of building and murals in the church St. Paraskevi in Brajcino ii. Assessment of the need for a monument next to St. Athanassios in Ljubojno iii. Improvement of surrounding area and restoration the church of Profitis Ilias in Grncari; iv. Restoration of building and murals in the church of St. Athanassios in Stenje; v. Improvement of surrounding area and assessment the need for a monument in the church of Archangeli Xelinski, Asamati; vi. Restoration of built structure and murals in the hermits’ cave of Peter and Paul in Konjsko Creation of a detailed record all cultural monuments the Actions for the preservation and promotion of important monuments entire Prespa basin and study of the common characteristics found in the manmade environment all three neighbouring counties More specifically, for each country: Actions for promoting and publicising the common cultural heritage of the entire Prespa basin STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY b2. Objective III: Preservation of cultural values, such as monuments, traditional settlements and human activities an Objective III: Preservation the sustainable management of natural resources elements that promote VALUES AND PROMOTION OF CULTURAL PRIORITY AXIS 12: PRESERVATION AND PROMOTION OF THE ACTIONS FOR THE PRESERVATION (HISTORIC AND CULTURAL HERITAGE COMMON CULTURAL MONUMENTS AND SITES) a. b. b1. b3. Greece. See: Measure G 12.1 in the National Strategic Plan for Greece c. Measure Measure No TR 12.1 (connected to Priority axis 7)

45 Convergence between countries; Empowerment of citizens; Education Convergence between countries; Empowerment of citizens; Education Convergence between countries Convergence between countries the three countries the three REFERENCE INDEX Objective IV Objective IV Objective IV Objective IV (in EURO) 17,842,050 TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL start 2004 10,000 2003-2005 80,000 2004-2006 160,000 2004-2005 9,050 TIMETABLE PART I: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – I: STRATEGIC PART Courses of Albanian, Greek and Macedonian language in the three countries Promotion of friendship among the three countries through friendly sports’ games (soccer, handball, chess and other sports of interest) a. Radio-link between Radio Korcha – Albania; Radio Florina – Greece and Resen FYR of Macedonia b. Procurement of necessary equipment GRAND TOTAL AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE a. Workshops in the field of ecology and environmental protection b. Internet connection in elementary schools and high in the region with purpose of info exchange c. Joint sports games and cultural activities STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION STRENGTHENING TRANSBOUNDARY Objective IV: Participation, cooperation and involvement in decision-making benefit or loss sharing of stakeholders Objective IV: PRIORITY AXIS 13: COMMUNICATION/ EXCHANGES AMONG THE THREE PEOPLES PRIORITY AXIS 13: COMMUNICATION/ TR 13.2 LET US LEARN THE LANGUAGE OF OUR NEIGHBOURS TR 13.3 GAMES LET US GET ACQUAINTED – SPORTS TR 13.4 RADIO WITHOUT FRONTIERS Measure Measure No TR 13.1 COMMUNICATION PROMOTION OF TRANSBOUNDARY

46 WQ, WQU1, WQU4, SB3, SB5, NR1, NR3; Infrastructure SB5, NR4, NR5 SB1, SB4, NR4 WQ, WQU, NR, SB NR1, WQU3; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target III & Objective I: Operational target I Objective I: Operational target II Objective I: Operational target II Objective I: Operational target III Objective I: Operational target I & Objective II: Operational target I 180,000 200,000 5,000,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2003-2006 500,000 2003-2004 2003-2004 2002-2003 420,000 2003-2005 900,000 2000-2010 7,472,000

PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – ALBANIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE PRIORITY AXIS 2: CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, RARE HABITATS AND SPECIES RARE HABITATS ENVIRONMENT, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL PRIORITY AXIS 2: CONSERVATION PARK NATIONAL IN THE PRESPA PARAMETERS Monitoring of flora, fish stocks, bird populations, reptiles, amphibians etc. Monitoring of pollution sources IN THE FOREST COMPLEXES PLANNING AND INTERVENTIONS Measures against erosion in the Albanian part of Prespa Forest rehabilitation programme for the PNP INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Strengthening the capacity of PNP administration Preparation of a Management Plan for the PNP Rehabilitation of the irrigation system in Gorica/Kallamas Plant, Beli Hill and Zaroshka area in the PNP Objective I: Conservation of ecological values and functions and of the biological diversity in the Prespa Park area Objective I: Conservation of ecological values and functions the biological diversity in Prespa AND IRRIGATION TREATMENT RESOURCES – MONITORING, WASTEWATER OF WATER PRIORITY AXIS 1: PRESERVATION Sewage water treatment system for the settlements around Prespa Lakes Measure Measure No A 2.2 (see also measure TR 2.3) A 2.3 A 2.4 A 2.5 A 2.1 MONITORING PROGRAMME OF THE BASIC ENVIRONMENTAL A 1.2 IRRIGATION A 1.1 TREATMENT WASTEWATER Measure Measure No

47 of the natural SB6; Empowerment of citizens; Economic prosperity Empowerment of citizens; Economic prosperity Economic prosperity; Infrastructure SB2, SB3, SB4, SB5, SB6, SW Infrastructure; Economic prosperity REFERENCE INDEX Objective I: Operational target II & Objective II: Operational targets III and VI Objective II: Operational targets II and VI Objective II: Operational target II Objective II: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target II (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2003 100,000 2002-2004 550,000 2002-2003 60,000 2003-2005 278,000 STUDY STUDY 2002-2003 90,000 – – PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – ALBANIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE PRIORITY AXIS 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY SECTOR AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SECTOR AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE PRIORITY AXIS 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY Model for sustainable development in the PNP by controlled collection and fair trade of medicinal plants Training a local group of people in the PNP on solar panel collectors aiming at the establishment of a small business and sustainable development PRIORITY AXIS 4: ENERGY Rehabilitation of the electrical power system villages inside the PNP Feasibility study on energy situation in the PNP Objective II: Enhancement of opportunities for sustainable economic and social development the local societies wise use generations local economies and future for the benefit of nature, resources PLANNING AND LAND USE REGULATION PRIORITY AXIS 3: SPATIAL PLANNING SPATIAL A 5.1 MEDICINAL PLANTS Measure Measure No A 4.3 SYSTEM SOLAR PANEL A 4.1 ENERGY SITUATION Measure Measure No A 4.2 ELECTRICAL POWER Measure Measure No A 3.1 (see also measure TR 3.1)

48 Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Infrastructure; Economic prosperity Infrastructure; Convergence between countries SW; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VII Objective II: Operational targets VIII and I Objective II: Operational targets VIII and I Objective I: Operational target II & Objective II: Operational target I (in EURO) 5,810,000 1,139,000 TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL – – 2002-2003 165,000 2002-2006 324,000 2003-2004 120,000 PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – ALBANIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE PRIORITY AXIS 8: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – WATER SUPPLY – WATER AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 8: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT Water supply systems for the villages around Macro Prespa and Micro Prespa Lakes – ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 9: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT ROAD CONNECTION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF ACCESS TO THE AREA National road construction Zvezda pass- border with the FYR of Macedonia Rural roads MANAGEMENT – SOLID WASTE AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 10: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT Feasibility study and building of the waste collection disposal systems for the villages around Prespa Lakes PRIORITY AXIS 7: FOSTERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-SCALE TOURISM AND ESPECIALLY ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF TOURISM ALTERNATIVE PRIORITY AXIS 7: FOSTERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-SCALE TOURISM AND ESPECIALLY (INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT) TOURIST SERVICES Promotion of family tourism in Macro Prespa as the most appropriate type for the Prespa Park conservation and development A 8.1 SUPPLY WATER A 9.1 A 9.2 A 10.1 COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL WASTE Measure Measure No Measure No Measure No Measure Measure No A 7.1 OFFERING COMPLEMENTARY FOSTERING OF UNDERTAKINGS

49 nd of cultural REFERENCE INDEX Objective III Economic prosperity (in EURO) 23,381,000 TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2003-2004 73,000 PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – ALBANIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE Objective III: Preservation of cultural values, such as monuments, traditional settlements and human activities, a Objective III: Preservation the sustainable management of natural resources elements that promote VALUES AND PROMOTION OF CULTURAL PRIORITY AXIS 12: PRESERVATION MONUMENTS OF CULTURAL CONSERVATION Conservation of the local architecture and other cultural monuments in the PNP GRAND TOTAL A 12.1 Measure Measure No

50 NR1, WQU3, WQU4, WQU5 ; Infrastructure WQ, SB3, NR1, WQU4, WQU5 ; Infrastructure WQU4, WQU5 SB (except for SB4), WQ; Infrastructure; Empowerment of citizens REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational targets VIII and I & Objective I: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target III & Objective I: Operational target I Objective I: Operational target I & Objective II: Operational target I Objective I: Operational targets I and II & Objective II: Operational targets I and VIII & Objective IV 300,000 (in EURO) specified here programme so approved in the *Actions a1, b, c context of a LIFE and d have been TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL their costs are not 2002-2007 1,300,000 2003-2007 4,700,000 2002-2003 50,000 2002-2005 MONITORING, WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND IRRIGATION TREATMENT MONITORING, WASTEWATER – a1. Reed management by grazing and cutting a2. Expropriation / land redistribution compensation purchase of specific lakeside plots land that are inundated at the optimum water level fluctuation Implementation of a management plan for the restoration Implementation of a management plan for the restoration of wet meadows Study and construction of a sluice gate at Koula for the regulation of the Micro Prespa Lake water level fluctuation Establishment of a scientific committee to monitor the management of the programme Monitoring of the implementation measures and production of scientific educational material, as well organisation support of bird watching activities for visitors Objective I: Conservation of ecological values and functions and of the biological diversity in the Prespa Park area Objective I: Conservation of ecological values and functions the biological diversity in Prespa RESOURCES OF WATER PRIORITY AXIS 1: PRESERVATION Installation of a wastewater collection system and study for and installation of units primary biological treatment in the settlements of the municipality Prespa IRRIGATION Technical study and projects to replace the existing irrigation system by a dripping irrigation Study for the identification, assessment and mitigation of point and non-point sources of pollution AND SPECIES RARE HABITATS ENVIRONMENT, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL PRIORITY AXIS 2: CONSERVATION AREAS OF MICRO PRESPA a. b. c. d. PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE Measure Measure No G 1.1 TREATMENT WASTEWATER G 1.2 (connected to G 5.4) G 1.3 POLLUTION RESEARCH FOR THE PREVENTION OF WATER Measure No G 2.1 IN THE LAKESIDE MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS

51 SB4, NR4; Infrastructure; Economic prosperity All environmental indicators Empowerment of citizens REFERENCE INDEX Objective I: Operational target II & Objective II: Operational target V Objective I: Operational target III Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective IV 50,000 100,000 450,000 300,000 150,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 200,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2002-2003 500,000 2002-2006 2002-2006 - the establishment, organisation and beginning of operation the management body - the preparation of a management plan Establishment and operation of the Management Body the Prespa National Park Institution of a National Park in Prespa as provided for the Special Environmental Study. The implementation of the Special Environmental Study has been horizontally incorporated in several measures and actions of this programme Provision of equipment, organisation and operation Information Centres Publication of environmental, educational and information zones along roads and sensitive areas) PLANNING AND INTERVENTIONS IN THE FOREST COMPLEXES PLANNING AND INTERVENTIONS a. Study for the rational management of forest complexes in the catchment basin. b. Forest management works c. Fire-protection works d. Forest cleaning (removal of excess material from forest e. Anti-flood/ anti-erosion works a. b. The action covers: OF THE LOCAL POPULATION TO AND PARTICIPATION a. b. Events c. Environmental Education Exhibitions d. e. Seminars f. material (e.g. leaflets, documentaries etc.) PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE G 2.2 (see also measure TR 2.3) G 2.3 INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS G 2.4 RAISING/ PROVISION OF INFORMATION AWARENESS

52 Education; Empowerment of citizens SB2, SB3, SB4, SB5, SB6, SW SB2, SB3, SB4, SB5, SB6, SW All socio-economic policy fields and indicators REFERENCE INDEX Objective IV Objective II: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target I & Objective III - 20,000 20,000 30,000 30,000 300,000 200,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2002-2007 25,000 2003-2004 200,000 2003-2004 100,000 2002-2006

Elaboration and legislation of new Building Regulations for all Prespa settlements Elaboration of an integrated study concerning urban rehabilitation and urban interventions in settlements, avoiding isolated and fragmented projects buildings and elaboration of proposals for rehabilitation Exploration of the property status architecturally interesting Preparation of a detailed inventory all traditional buildings of the Prespa Municipality Provision of incentives and allowances for aesthetic functional improvement of existing buildings based on specific criteria Awareness-raising events and publication of informative material on the need of conservation traditional character and aesthetic value improvement directed to the residents Objective II: Enhancement of opportunities for sustainable economic and social development the local societies wise use generations local economies and future for the benefit of nature, of the natural resources PLANNING AND LAND USE REGULATION PRIORITY AXIS 3: SPATIAL BASIN AS AN OF THE PRESPA CHARACTERISATION INTERVENTION” “AREA OF FOCUSED SPATIAL MUNICIPALITY PRESPA OF THE GREATER (Open City Spatial and Building Plan, Law 2508/97, article 1) OF RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT AND PROMOTION OF THE TRADITIONAL CHARACTER SETTLEMENTS a. Recognition of Aghios Germanos as a “Traditional settlement” b. c. d. e. f. g. (L.2742/99, article 11) Training programmes on the environmental sector, with emphasis on natural resource management PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE Measure Measure No G 3.1 PLAN BASED ON THE OF A SPATIAL IMPLEMENTATION G 3.2G 3.3 PLAN URBAN AND REGIONAL ORGANISATION IMPROVEMENT OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS, UPGRADING G 2.5 – TRAINING CONTINUING EDUCATION

53 SB2, SB5, SB6; Economic prosperity NR3, WQU (except for WQU3); Economic prosperity Economic prosperity; Empowerment of citizens WQ, WQU (except for WQU3), SB3, SB5, NR1, NR3 WQU1, WQU4, WQU5; Economic prosperity REFERENCE INDEX Objective I: Operational target II & Objective II: Operational targets I, III, VI Objective II: Operational target III Objective II: Operational targets III and VI Objective II: Operational target III & Objective I: Operational target I Objective II: Operational targets III, VII, and I (related to the “Activities in all three countries”) 15,000 25,000 20,000 160,000 250,000 300,000 250,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2003 100,000 2002-2004 2003-2005 2002-2007 600,000 2002-2006 STUDIES – Study for the identification of areas requiring interventions Feasibility study on the establishment of processing units for agricultural products in the area the spread of plant diseases and protection Pilot application of a system advance notification regarding Pilot cultivation of new varieties aiming at the reduction monoculture for the protection of rural landscape, restoration hedgerows etc. Application of programmes and projects pasture administration (small roads, animal-watering infrastructures, fencings, artificial prairies) subsequently proceeding to the creation of such parks PRIORITY AXIS 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY SECTOR AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SECTOR AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE PRIORITY AXIS 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT a. b. a. b. STOCK-RAISING) UNDERTAKINGS IN ORDER TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT Rational, eco-friendly maintenance of the drainage networks PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL a. b. Completion of the relocation stock-raising units c. Research on the potential for creating stock-raising parks and PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE G 5.1 REINFORCEMENT OF THE AREA’S AGRICULTURAL G 5.2 IN AGRICULTURE PILOT INTERVENTIONS Measure No G 5.3G 5.4 AND (FARMING INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL MODERNISATION G 5.5 FOSTERING OF STOCK-RAISING AND

54 NR5, SB5; Convergence between countries SB4, SB2, SB1, SB5; Convergence between countries Economic prosperity Education; Empowerment of citizens Empowerment of citizens; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective I: Operational targets II and III & Objective II: Operational target IV Objective II: Operational target V Objective II: Operational target III Objective IV Objective II: Operational targets III and VI 30,000 50,000 10,000 60,000 900,000 100,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2003-2005 2002-2007 150,000 2002-2007 200,000 2002-2007 40,000 2002-2007 Salmo trutta ) at the Aghios Germanos Stream b1. Studies, consultative services and technical support for the development of quality products for recognition the distinctiveness of local agricultural products and for institution of Quality Assurance systems (ISO), HACCP and/ or environmental control b2. The costs of initial certification quality products Application of administrative measures at the lakeside zone with a view to increasing the reproductive areas of fish stocks Construction of fish passings in the weirs Aghios Germanos for the Barbel, Nase and Bleak The following categories of “soft” activities are also covered by this measure: Application of administrative measures in order to protect and preserve the endemic sub-species of trout ( peristericus a. Study concerning integrated fishing management b. c. d. Small-scale actions for the application of new administrative plans on the rational exploitation of forests: woodcutting, processing and marketing ECONOMY THE AGRICULTURAL Training programmes for the primary sector of production PRIORITY AXIS 6: STRENGTHENING OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY AND SMALL INDUSTRY PRODUCTS AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL a. Investments b. PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE G 5.7 FORESTRY G 5.8G 5.9 TO FACILITIES BASIC SERVICES/ Measure – TRAINING CONTINUING EDUCATION No G 6.1 ENCOURAGING INVESTMENTS IN THE PROCESSING G 5.6 FISHING

55 Empowerment of citizens; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Empowerment of citizens; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Empowerment of citizens; Infrastructure Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Economic prosperity; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VI Objective II: Operational target VI Objective IV Objective III Objective II: Operational target VII Objective II: Operational target VII 200,000 300,000 100,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2002-2007 500,000 2002-2007 120,000 2002-2007 100,000 2002-2007 1,500,000 2002-2007 Activities for the promotion of collective schemes and networks (e.g. establishment of consumer cooperatives, networks, cooperatives etc.) Endowing the agency with adequate powers to be effective in basic action programmes Revitalisation of traditional coffeehouses, taverns, the creation of small refreshment stands etc. Fostering of small enterprises in the sector tourism that will operate as complementary to the tourism institutions that will be established in the area OF INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES a. Promotion of local products (competitions, exhibitions etc.) b. OF THE RURAL ECONOMY SUPPORT AND CONSULTATIVE AND OF THE RURAL POPULATION a. Establishment of an agency b. TYPES OF TOURISM ALTERNATIVE PRIORITY AXIS 7: FOSTERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-SCALE TOURISM AND ESPECIALLY BUILDINGS INTO TOURIST LODGINGS (INFRASTRUCTURE TOURIST SERVICES COMPLEMENTARY AND EQUIPMENT) a. b. OF EXISTING ONES) FOR THE PROMOTION OF HANDICRAFT AND SMALL INDUSTRY PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE G 6.3 ACTIONS FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT SUPPORT G 6.4 LOCAL MECHANISM OF TECHNICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE Measure No G 7.1G 7.2 INVESTMENTS FOR THE CONVERSION OF TRADITIONAL OFFERING FOSTERING OF UNDERTAKINGS G 6.2 INVESTMENTS (NEW UNITS AND MODERNISATION

56 Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Economic prosperity; Infrastructure; Empowerment of citizens Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Education; Empowerment of citizens REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational targets VII and I Objective II: Operational target VII Objective II: Operational targets VII and I & Objective I: Operational target II Objective IV 250,000 100,000 150,000 300,000 180,000 120,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 (in EURO) included in measure G 2.4 measure TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2002-2007 2002-2007 2002-2005 2002-2007 60,000 Examination of the potential for alternative uses Koula canning factory (e.g. Conference Centre, etc.) Various types of assistance for the creation Collective Schemes and Networks Improvement of accessibility and signposting around the wooden observatories that already exist in Mikrolimni, Koula, Slatina, Krina and Pyli Completion and staffing of the theme offices at Pyli, Vrondero and Aghios Germanos (see also Measure G 2.4) Wooden mark-out and signposting (information signs) of individual formations of the natural environment Organisation of actions aiming at the promotion Prespa as a tourist attraction Internet sites and networking; design, printing, and organised distribution of information material, maps as well of detailed relevant literature on the history, traditions, the manmade and natural environment of area) Establishment of enterprises regarding lakeside sports tourism a. Study concerning the feasibility, location, and environmental impact of a campsite unit at Macro Prespa b. Upgrading of the NTO/organised beach facilities at Macro Prespa c. d. OF TOURISM RELATED ACTIVITIES OF TOURISM RELATED a. b. c. Marketing Actions d. AND PROMOTION OF ACTIONS FOR THE PRESERVATION ENVIRONMENT ELEMENTS OF THE NATURAL IMPORTANT a. b. Training programmes for tourism, with emphasis on ecotourism/ agro-tourism related activities PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE G 7.3 PURPOSE-SPECIFIC TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE G 7.4 ACTIONS FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT SUPPORTIVE G 7.5 (connected to Priority axis 2) G 7.6 – TRAINING CONTINUING EDUCATION

57 NR1, WQU3, WQU4, WQU5; Infrastructure; Public health Infrastructure; Convergence between countries SB2, SB6; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational targets VIII and I & Objective I: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational targets VIII and I part in the 50,000 200,000 250,000 2,650,000 2,100,000 (in EURO) incorporated cost has been transboundary TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2002-2007 900,000 2002-2007 2002-2007 Study and construction of the road connection between Study and construction of the road connection between Miliona-Koula with the borders of FYR Macedonia (3.1km) and Pyli-Vrondero until the Greek-Albanian borders (2.1km) Localisation and construction of parking spaces in the settlements and around other points of attraction study of the needs settlements study area regarding vehicle traffic and parking Improvement of the tarmac and tracing dangerous points of the primary road network Municipality Prespa PRIORITY AXIS 8: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – WATER SUPPLY – WATER AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 8: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT OF PRESPA OF THE MUNICIPALITY Replacement of the water supply system, extension network, pumping of new sources, rehabilitation existing water sources of the settlements Municipality Prespa PRIORITY AXIS 9: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 9: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT OF ACCESS TO THE AREA a. Completion of the Antartiko-Karyes road axis b. c. Internal road construction d. a. b. Implementation PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE Measure No G 8.1 SYSTEM SUPPLY IMPROVEMENT OF THE WATER Measure Measure No G 9.1 ROAD CONNECTION FOR THE IMPROVEMENT G 9.2 SYSTEM OF THE TRAFFIC AND PARKING RE-ORGANISATION

58 Public health; Infrastructure SB5, SB6, SW Economic prosperity; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational target I & Objective I: Operational targets II and I Objective III 2,000 50,000 28,000 300,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 150,000 100,000 400,000 150,000 150,000 170,000 150,000 150,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2002-2007 2002-2003 2002-2003 2004-2005 2002-2003 2004-2005 2003-2006 Transformation of the former Community shop into Transformation of the former Community shop into a multi-purpose clinic, with staff and equipment Improvement and equipping of the Community clinics Municipality of Prespa Improvement of infrastructure and equipment primary secondary school complexes Study and landscape restoration of the surrounding area the Vrondero Information Centre Other possibilities for development: e.g. utilisation of the Kallithea obsolete manor-house and of other buildings Study and landscape restoration of the Pyli marble quarry and the surrounding area Provision of the needed equipment and restoration Biological Station in Mikrolimni Dismantle of the old “Cannery Prespa Hellas” sign post in Koula b. c. Installation of day nurseries (in various settlements) d. Facilities and initiatives of care for the elderly e. Creation of playgrounds in various settlements f. Small sports areas g. Centres of Creative Occupation for children h. PRIORITY AXIS 11: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – MISCELLANEOUS AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 11: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT a. DAMAGE CAUSED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES a. b. c. Study and landscape restoration of the Mikrolimni quarry d. Study and restoration of uncontrolled rubbish dumps in the area e. a. b. PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE Measure Measure No G 11.1 UPGRADING OF THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE G 11.2 OF THE ENVIRONMENT FROM RESTORATION G 11.3 IN SPECIFIC LANDMARK BUILDINGS INTERVENTIONS

59 d of cultural Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Economic prosperity; Empowerment of citizens REFERENCE INDEX Objective III & Objective II: Operational target I Objective III Objective III 30,000 30,000 20,000 70,000 70,000 80,000 40,000 200,000 120,000 830,000 830,000 830,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2002-2006 2002-2007 2002-2007 270,000 Selection & provision of equipment for 5-6 sites of interesting view Studies and actions for the rehabilitation of rural heritage monuments PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDED FOR THE PROMOTION OF ELEMENTS INTEREST AND CULTURAL AND PLACES OF ENVIRONMENTAL a. Clearance and improvement of accessibility tracks b. c. Construction of small-scale infrastructures: c1. Construction of 5 small-scale infrastructures for lake access c2. Construction of a small dock for access to Mikrolimni d. Construction of 4 information kiosks e. Production of the necessary publicity material elements that promote the sustainable management of natural resources elements that promote VALUES AND PROMOTION OF CULTURAL PRIORITY AXIS 12: PRESERVATION MONUMENTS AND PROMOTION OF CULTURAL PRESERVATION a. Excavation research b. Promotion actions c. Wall painting conservation actions d. Upgrading of the surrounding environment e. Small-scale actions for the improvement of accessibility Objective III: Preservation of cultural values, such as monuments, traditional settlements and human activities an Objective III: Preservation PRESERVATION, PROMOTION AND UTILISATION PROMOTION AND UTILISATION PRESERVATION, OF RURAL HERITAGE a. b. Support of traditional activities i.e. ways fishing G 11.4 (connected to Priority axis 7 & 12) G 12.1 (connected to Priority axis 7) Measure Measure No G 12.2 (connected to Priority axis 7)

60 Infrastructure; Empowerment of citizens; Convergence between countries Education; Empowerment of citizens REFERENCE INDEX Objective III & Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective IV - 80,000 500,000 120,000 100,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2002-2007 2002-2007 25,000 The Kallithea manor-house (its restoration is close to being completed) Establishment of new or reinforcement already existing bodies for the promotion of cultural activities (dance, music, handcrafts, traditional shows and festivals etc) Aghios Germanos Byzantine museum (actions in order to set it up and equip are being promoted) Actions for the revival, dissemination and promotion of cultural heritage of the area access for all the local residents with use of computers (for example, Aghios Germanos Cultural Centre) Creation of a cultural centre with library facilities and Internet GRAND TOTAL GRAND TOTAL 30,360,000 CONTINUING EDUCATION - TRAINING CONTINUING EDUCATION Training programmes for the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage SMALL-SCALE CULTURAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACTIVITIES SMALL-SCALE CULTURAL a. b. c. d. e. PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE G 12.4 (connected to Priority axis 7) G 12.3 (connected to Priority axis 7)

61 WQU4, WQU5, SB5; Empowerment of citizens; Education WQU3, WQU4, WQU5; Public health; Infrastructure; WQU3, WQU4, WQU5 NR1, WQ, WQU4, WQU5; Infrastructure “ REFERENCE INDEX Objective I: Operational targets I and II Objective IV Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective I: Operational target I Objective II, Operational target VIII & Objective I, Operational target I Objective II: Operational target III & Objective I: Operational target I 603,000 350,000 453,216 4,012,000 4,641,895 6,513,759 (in EURO) 10,537,000 TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL of 2004 2010 2010 Main Initial 1 year Project Project project designs 10 years of works 2004-2006 2004-2006 322,750 realisation institutions Foundation Finalisation PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – GREECE II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE Establishment of a monitoring station in Stenje village for continuous monitoring of this two-lake-system Research at 15 sampling sites in Prespa Lake and 20 Ohrid regarding micro flora and eutrophication processes Education of local inhabitants and various target groups on the importance of eutrophication and methods for its control (Complementary to measure TR 2.1) i. Reconstruction and modernisation of existent stations ii. Construction of additional small water purifying stations along the coastline (on FYR of Macedonia territory) with capacity 12,400 PE (population equivalent) AND OTHER COMMUNITIES Construction of small water-purifying stations for Resen and 15 rural communities in Prespa Lake region Installation of sewerage system and construction small purifying stations in the villages: Krani-Arvati, Dolno Dupeni και Stenje OF DRIPPING IRRIGATION Objective I: Conservation of ecological values and functions and of the biological diversity in the Prespa Park area Objective I: Conservation of ecological values and functions the biological diversity in Prespa AND IRRIGATION TREATMENT RESOURCES – MONITORING, WASTEWATER OF WATER PRIORITY AXIS 1: PRESERVATION a. b. c. M 1.2 IN RESEN PURIFYING STATIONS WATER M 1.3 PLANTS TREATMENT WASTEWATER M 1.4 VIA INSTALLATION OF LAKE WATERS REDUCED EXPLOITATION M 1.1 PRESENT AND FUTURE AND OHRID LAKES – PAST, PRESPA Measure Measure No

62 SB1, SB4; SB5; Economic prosperity SB1, SB4; Infrastructure SB5; Empowerment of citizens; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective I: Operational target II & Objective II: Operational target III Objective I: Operational targets I and II Objective I: Operational target II (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004-2006 48,000 2003-2006 185,000 2004-2010 150,000

Short review of vegetation on verge extinction as result lake withdrawal Preparation of monographs on protected game Supplement to studies on melliferous flora and dendro-flora in Prespa Raising public awareness about the importance of wildlife preservation Optimisation of natural habitats certain game species, food supplies and protection a. b. Procurement of fodder for domestic animals and game c. Prevention of soil erosion d. MACEDONIA PART OF PRESPA OF PRESPA MACEDONIA PART Integral development of confluence area Forestation, grass planting, melioration of forests and pastures, construction works etc. PRIORITY AXIS 2: CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, RARE HABITATS AND SPECIES RARE HABITATS ENVIRONMENT, AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURAL PRIORITY AXIS 2: CONSERVATION OTTER, CHAMOIS) (BEAR, WOLF, a. b. c. d. Establishment of infrastructure for monitoring population status PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 2.3 STUDIES OF MELLIFEROUS FLORA AND DENDROFLORA IN PRESPA M 2.2 PREVENTION OF LAND EROSION AND FLOODING IN THE FYR Measure Measure No. M 2.1 RANGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF RARE MAMMALS POPULATION,

63 WQU1, WQU2, WQU4, WQU5, NR3 SB5, SB4; Infrastructure SB1, SB4, SB5; NR4; Economic prosperity; Empowerment of citizens REFERENCE INDEX Objective I: Operational target I & Objective II: Operational target III Οbjective I: Operational target II & Objective III Objective II: Operational target V & Objective I: Operational target II 120,000 150,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004-2006 2004-2006 2004-2007 980,000 2004-2007 750,000 environmental protection Examination of current status, setting of permanent Examination of current status, setting permanent reference areas Reduction of excessive use chemical fertilisers Control of soil fertility with N, P, K and determination inorganic pollutants-heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Th, Sr, Cu etc.) in the soil, for prevention and ecological fertilisation Prespa’s agricultural sediment Installation of sophisticatedly equipped laboratory for analysis macro and micro elements in soil Practical courses for forestry engineers and population in the Prespa region-joint trainings with Albanian and Greek experts in this field Optimal and suitable forest management (trimming trees in forests, labelling of forest plantations) Forestry planning and interventions in forest complex out of the frontiers of national parks a. Survey of the island’s flora and fauna Conservation and restoration of island structures b. c. Resources exploitation while increasing the level of Construction of accessibility structures d. OF ΤΗΕ “GOLEM GRAD” ISLAND a. b. a. b. c. Procurement and production of seedlings d. Elimination of preceding vegetation e. Cultivation of meliorated seedlings f. g. Optimal forest utilisation h. Job possibilities as means of preventing migration i. PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 2.6 DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABLE PLAN FOR PRESERVATION M 2.5 FOR PEDOLOGIC ANALYSES CONSTRUCTION OF LABORATORY M 2.4 OF DEGRADED FORESTS AND UNDERBRUSH MELIORATION

64 of the natural SB6, SB2; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure SB6; Infrastructure Empowerment of citizens WQU1, WQU2, WQU3, SW1, NR5, NR3; Empowerment of citizens REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational targets: I, VII and VI Objective II: Operational target I & Objective III Objective IV & Objective I Οbjective IV 25,000 63,120 59,100 96,290 20,200 42,600 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 one year 15,400 2004-2006 450,000 2004-2006 775,000 2004-2005 Evaluation of existent architectural and cultural heritage, planning and projection of areas suitable for construction Sustainable management of the cycle phosphorus in agricultural activities in the Prespa valley as a factor for protection of the Prespa Lake from eutrophication Minimisation of the phosphorus load in Macro Prespa from use of aphosphate detergents Sustainable management and separation of solid communal waste in the urban and rural settlements Prespa valley Sustainable development especially in the littoral zone of Urbanisation of inhabited places, restriction construction sites to populated areas, control of illegal constructions, planning and projection of areas suitable for construction a. Information network for the conservation of fungal diversity in Prespa b. c. d. Protection of the Prespa Lake fish resources e. f. Protection of the water, air and soil pesticides Galichitsa National Park and the border with Albania b. (OTESHEVO – KONSKO ROUTE) a. Sustainable tourist development in Oteshevo and Konjsko b. Promotion of recreational and health tourism c. Traffic connections, easy circulation of people d. resources for the benefit of nature, local economies and future generations local economies and future for the benefit of nature, resources PLANNING AND LAND USE REGULATION PRIORITY AXIS 3: SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL COMMUNITIES AND SETTLEMENTS a. Objective II: Enhancement of opportunities for sustainable economic and social development the local societies wise use Foundation and complete equipping of the Green Info Centre in Resen, which will offer use of PC, fax, and Internet to all NGOs in Resen PARTICIPATION OF THE LOCAL POPULATION PARTICIPATION PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 3.2 OF GENERAL PLAN FOR 8 km LITTORAL ZONE PREPARATION M 3.1 OF OBJECTS FOR THE SUSTAINABLE VALORISATION Measure Measure No M 2.8 GREEN INFO CENTRE IN RESEN M 2.7 TO AND RAISING/ PROVISION OF INFORMATION AWARENESS

65 NR2; Infrastructure NR2; Infrastructure NR2; SB6 SB6; Economic prosperity SB3, SB4, SB6; Empowerment of citizens; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target II Objective II: Operational target II Objective II: Operational targets II and VI Objective II: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target VIII 23,400 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004 2004 1,317,500 May- 2004-2006 1,100,000 2004-2006 610,000 2004-2005 120,000 September including data on building blocks, streets, facilities, areas under vegetation, water supply and sewerage system Construction of production plants for system components (collectors, accumulators, solar boilers etc.) a. Preparation of feasibility study on the utilisation solar energy b. c. Heating of sanitary water d. Heating of swimming pools e. Semi-active and active apple desiccation Use of fruit plantation residues, sawmill waste and from the textile industry as raw materials for briquettes production household and industrial purposes a. Integral observation of the Prespa Park b. Complete inventory of the Prespa Park c. Suggestions for spatial valorisation in all sectors d. Prevention of uncontrolled occurrences in the Prespa Park The Basic Geographic Information System in Resen municipality will be created in ArcView GIS format - enabling creation of databases in digital format - RAJCA, KRIVENI, LEVA REKA, STENJE, DOLNO DUPENI, IZBISTA, REKA, STENJE, DOLNO DUPENI, IZBISTA, RAJCA, KRIVENI, LEVA BRAJCINO, STIPONA, PEROVO, PRELJUBJE – INTEGRAL STUDY IN RESEN MUNICIPALITY (GIS DATABASE) PRIORITY AXIS 4: ENERGY HALL IN THE RESEN SPORTS Installation of 40 solar collectors and additional equipment for hot water supply and heating purposes in the sports centre PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 4.2 SOLAR ENERGY M 4.3 USE OF BIOMASS FOR THE PRODUCTION BRIQUETTES M 3.3 ON LESKOEC, PRETOR, OF GENERAL REGULATIONS PREPARATION M 4.1 OF SOLAR ENERGY PILOT PROJECT FOR THE UTILISATION M 3.4 SYSTEM OF A BASIC GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PREPARATION Measure No

66 Empowerment of citizens; Economic prosperity SB6, SB5; Economic prosperity Economic prosperity; Infrastructure NR2, NR1; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Economic prosperity; Empowerment of citizens; Objective II: Operational targets VI and III Objective II: Operational target III Objective II: Operational target VI and III Objective II: Operational target III Objective II: Operational target II 60,000 2,500,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004-2006 620,000 2004-2007 150,000 2004-2005 27,500 2004-2006 2004-2006 2004-2006 1,600,000 sowing of high quality grass blends with purpose increasing cattle fund - definition of pasture areas - determination of pasture capacity - construction of sheepfolds, eaves, watering places, washing pools - Frugal exploitation of pastures and economical ways cattlebreeding (neat cattle, sheep and goats) Equipment of 15 beekeepers’ farms – each with a capacity 100 bee families – for the sustainable production of pure and natural honey, pollen and royal jelly products, foundation of apicultural reproduction centre for breeding of young selected queen bees and bee swarms in the Prespa region PILOT INTERVENTIONS IN AGRICULTURE PILOT INTERVENTIONS Training of population in growing mushrooms as a small family business PRIORITY AXIS 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY SECTOR AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT SECTOR AND PROMOTION OF SUSTAINABLE PRIORITY AXIS 5: DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRIMARY STORAGE, PACKING – CALIBRATION, Finalisation of apple production process, with calibration, paraffin treatment, packing, storage OF BIG WEIGHING SCALE AND CALIBRATOR INSTALLATION IN KRANI VILLAGE INSTALLATION OF LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRICITY GRID FOR OF LOW-VOLTAGE INSTALLATION SYSTEM PURPOSES OF DRIPPING-IRRIGATION a. Preparation of main project b. Installation of transformers c. Installation of low-voltage electricity grid PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 5.3 PRODUCTIVITY IN CATTLE-BREEDING ENHANCED AGRICULTURAL M 5.4 DEVELOPMENT OF BEE-BREEDING FARMS SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIC M 5.2 M 5.1 APPLES OF HARVESTED SYSTEM FOR THE TREATMENT Measure Measure No M 4.4 (connected to Priority axis 1)

67 Economic prosperity; Infrastructure NR3, SW; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Economic prosperity SW; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Economic prosperity; Infrastructure; Convergence between countries REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VII Objective II: Operational targets III and VI Objective II: Operational target VII Objective II: Operational targets III and VI Objective II: Operational target III (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004-2006 2,657,000 2004-2006 550,000 2004-2005 1,050,000 2004-2005 150,000

i. Construction of a new production plant for the apple vinegar ii. Construction of a new production plant for the apple concentrate Utilisation of decayed apples and wood residues for bio-compost production Construction of a new production plant for the compost from waste apples and wood residues PRIORITY AXIS 7: FOSTERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-SCALE TOURISM AND ESPECIALLY ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF TOURISM ALTERNATIVE PRIORITY AXIS 7: FOSTERING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL-SCALE TOURISM AND ESPECIALLY Renovation of existent capacities, construction lake dwelling settlement, hotel & adjoining structures: complex of pools and sports terrains in Krani camp site – EIA required DEVELOPMENT OF ΤΗΕ PRESPA REGION/ PRODUCTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF ΤΗΕ PRESPA FROM ROTTEN APPLES AND ORGANIC WASTE BIO-FERTILISERS RESIDUES IN PRESPA a. Assessment of the soil status with regards to fertiliser use b. c. PRIORITY AXIS 6: STRENGTHENING OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY AND SMALL INDUSTRY AND OTHER LOCAL PRODUCTS FOR APPLE VINEGAR PRODUCTION a. Full utilisation of apples and reduction apple waste to minimum b. Turning apple waste into raw material and making profit thereof c. Production of eco-products d. Reduction of unemployment rate Construction of a joint veterinary centre for the region lower Macro Prespa and Greece Game/ fish protection, labelling and lab for animal blood tests PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 7.1 REGION ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRESPA 2004-2005 84,500 Measure Measure No M 7.2 CENTRE IN KRANI CAMP SITE YOUTH SPORTS-RECREATION M 6.2 FOR THE SUSTAINABLE USE OF ECOLOGICAL FERTILISERS M 6.1 APPLES OF WASTE OF DOCUMENTS ON UTILISATION PREPARATION Measure Measure No M 5.5 CENTRE IN NAKOLEC VILLAGE CONSTRUCTION OF VETERINARY

68 Convergence between countries; Infrastructure; Economic prosperity Convergence between countries; Empowerment of citizens Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Public health; Economic prosperity Economic prosperity; Empowerment of citizens Economic prosperity; Infrastructure; Public health; REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VII Objective II: Operational target VII Objective III & Objective II: Operational target VII Objective II, Operational target VII Objective II: Operational target VII & Objective IV Objective II: Operational target VII 45,000 90,000 610,000 (in EURO) for each site TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL May 2006 2004-2006 2004-2006 1,450,000 2004-2006 1,370,000 2004-2005 9,100 2004-2006 27,000 May 2004- Establishment of info-boards in Galichitsa NP Prespa Lake and Ezerani Marketing strategy/ attraction of foreign patients to the Institute for Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation of non-specific, chronic respiratory and allergic conditions Renovation of facility/ standardisation hospital rooms, professional services and regulation of health insurance issues for foreign patients Promotion of traditional items and handiwork as well cultural- historic monuments in the village Revitalisation and modernisation of the Oteshevo Ski Centre its transformation into an international Ski Centre for the FYR of Macedonia, Albania and Greece – detailed EIA required to accommodate the ecological sensitivity of Galichitsa NP a. Procurement of suitable info-boards b. Procurement of equipment for monasteries and church complexes, paving the access roads with asphalt a. b. CONSTRUCTION OF KONJSKO ECOVILLAGE AT THE PRESPA THE PRESPA CONSTRUCTION OF KONJSKO ECOVILLAGE AT COAST (CAMPAIGN) a. Brochure & album “Konjsko ecovillage“ b. Seminar on affirmation and proclamation of Konjsko an ecovillage c. Construction of a mountain weekend cottage, two sanitary units and a sports terrain on Pelister Mountain in the vicinity of Arvati village PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 7.8 WINTER SKI CENTRE “OTESHEVO’ TRANS-BOUNDARY M 7.7 TRILINGUAL TOURIST SIGNS M 7.6 RELIGIOUS TOURISM M 7.5 TOURISM PROMOTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH M 7.4 (connected to Priority axis 12) M 7.3 VILLAGE IN ARVATI PICNIC PARK CONSTRUCTION OF MOUNTAIN

69 NR1; Public health; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Public Health; NR1; Infrastructure; Economic prosperity Economic prosperity; NR1; Infrastructure NR1; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure NR1; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure; Public health REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective I: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective I: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective I: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective I: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective I: Operational target I 61,206 81,380 216,000 550,000 880,000 670,000 1,180,000 1,130,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL of 2004 2004 2004 2004 2009 May- May- May- Initial designs of works 2004-2006 2,032,568 2007-2009 September September September institutions Foundation Finalisation EIA required EIA required Installation of a water supply network that meets population needs until 2020, in terms of water quantity and pressure - replacement of asbestos-cement pipes - bigger reservoir space - elimination of narrow passages in the system Finalisation of the waterworks and provision clean running water for Stenje village. The main project envisions modernisation of water supply infrastructure from a well-located 1.5 km the village and construction of a new reservoir a. Capping of 2 new wells b. Construction of a new water supply network c. Construction of a new water reservoir Water supply from a well located 1.5km the village and construction of a new reservoir – EIA required PRIORITY AXIS 8: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – WATER SUPPLY – WATER AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 8: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT – EIA required -Gorno and Dolno Dupeni, Ljubojno , Nakolec ‘Markova Noga’ Border Crossing -Kurbinovo, Asamati, Bela Crkva and Pretor -Grncari, Slivnica and Podmocani -Brajcino and Strbovo -Krani and Arvati PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 8.5 SYSTEM IN RESEN SUPPLY RECONSTRUCTION OF THE WATER M 8.4 IN STENJE VILLAGE – OF WATERWORKS FINALISATION M 8.3 VILLAGE – IN ZLATARI SUPPLY WATER M 8.2 REKA VILLAGE SYSTEM IN LEVA SUPPLY OF WATER INSTALLATION Measure Measure No M 8.1 IN SEVERAL VILLAGES PROVISION OF DRINKING WATER

70 SB2; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure; Infrastructure SB2; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure; Economic prosperity WQU4, WQU5 REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective III Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective I: Operational target I 59,200 672,400 672,400 780,000 700,000 483,250 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL season Spring, Spring, and fall and fall Summer Summer summer, summer, summer, summer, 2005-2010 2004-2005 2004-2006 20,000 fall season fall season EIA required peripheral Prespa road) - the construction of a regional road (and branch - the connection between Asamati village and traffic artery, 1300m a. Opening and covering old country roads with gravel b. Paving roads in Krani – Arvati village with asphalt c. Filling furrows with concrete d. Tamping and paving the roads with asphalt CONSTRUCTION OF A TRAFFIC ARTERY FOR THE CONNECTION CONSTRUCTION OF A TRAFFIC ARTERY – KURBINOVO, OF VILLAGES WITH HISTORIC HERITAGE GRNCARI AND SLIVNICA The project envisions: (Krani-Arvati) - MUNICIPALITY MARKOVA NOGA AND STENJE BORDER CROSSINGS MARKOVA Reconstruction of regional routes P503 and P504 leading to the border crossings with Greece and Albania – FINALISATION OF WORKS – FINALISATION Paving 18.5km of country roads (local routes serve as the main corridor for transportation of basic agricultural products from the apple producers to the end-users in FYR of Macedonia and abroad) – EIA required PRIORITY AXIS 9: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 9: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT Paving city streets with asphalt Establishment of water filtering station in the Arvati village water reservoir PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 9.4 (connected to Priority axis 12) M 9.5 CONSTRUCTION OF AGRO-ECONOMIC ROADS IN RESEN M 9.3 ROUTES TOWARDS RECONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL HIGHWAY M 9.2 ROADS WITH ASPHALT 22 LOCAL COUNTRY PAVING M 9.1 – FINALISATION OF STREETS IN RESEN WITH ASPHALT PAVING Measure Measure No M 8.6 VILLAGE IN ARVATI STATION FILTERING WATER

71 SW SW1 SW, NR2 Education; Infrastructure Public health; Infrastructure REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational targets VIII and II Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective I: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target VIII & Objective: Operational target I Objective II: Operational target VIII 4,093,232 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL Phase I Phase II Phase III Phase IV 2004-2005 842,500 2004-2006 23,700 2004-2006 200,000 2004-2005 815,000 2004-2005 2005-2006 2007-2008 2009-2010

proper arrangement of unusable waste in a modern, protected waste disposal site – EIA required Thermal treatment of waste with purpose energy production and utilisation Separation of the waste and setting separate locations for storage of harmful chemical waste CONSTRUCTION OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN PODMOCANI VILLAGE CONSTRUCTION OF ELEMENTARY PRIORITY AXIS 11: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – MISCELLANEOUS AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 11: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT VILLAGE IN KRANI-ARVATI RECONSTRUCTION OF FIRST AID STATION a. Reconstruction of the faηade and cultivation yard b. Medical services extend to patients from neighbouring villages PRIORITY AXIS 10: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT – SOLID WASTE AND COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITY AXIS 10: IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE a. Minimisation and recycling of solid communal industrial waste b. c. Pubic awareness on issues of tidy and clean living environment DISPOSAL SITES ON IN TWO WASTE COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE THE EASTERN AND WESTERN SIDE OF LAKE - AS RELOAD POINTS a. Measures for protection of the surrounding areas b. c. Cleaning of existent waste sites IN RESEN MUNICIPALITY Designing of a modern system for waste treatment including: - collection of waste, transport, recycling - - reduction of waste PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 11.2 M 11.1 Measure Measure No Measure Measure No M 10.1 MANAGEMENT OF SOLID COMMUNAL WASTE WASTE M 10.2 M 10.3 MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE MODERNISATION

72 SB5, SW Economic prosperity; SB6; Infrastructure SB2, SB6; Economic prosperity; Infrastructure Education; Infrastructure Economic prosperity; Infrastructure; Public health Education; Infrastructure SB6; Infrastructure; Economic prosperity REFERENCE INDEX Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational targets VII and VIII Objective I: Operational target II & Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational target VII Objective II: Operational target VIII Objective II: Operational targets I and VIII 43,770 950,000 134,000 (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004 May- 2004-2005 1,400,000 2004-2005 300,000 2004-2005 2004-2005 2004-2006 200,000 2004-2005 1,508,196 2004-2006 10,200 September with greenery and pine 2 Sanitation (construction works and craftworks) of facilities Fencing off and planting of 400 m Open sports terrains in the immediate vicinity of Lake and its sandy beaches – EIA required seedlings add-ins in Stenje village Elimination of wild non-cultivated flora from the coastal area – EIA required Elimination of solid waste and garbage from the costal area in Pretor summer resort a. Central park area with water fountain and several benches b. a. Construction of a new marketplace b. Transformation of old marketplace into parking lot FOR RURAL AND TOURIST BUS STOPS Better traffic regulation and installation of bus stops in rural tourist settlements - - SCHOOL IN CAREV DVOR; CONSTRUCTION OF ANNEXES HALL – SPORTS Renovation of school building and construction sports hall a. b. Construction of 7 classrooms as well cabinets equipped for specific subjects PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 11.7 IN KRANI VILLAGE CONSTRUCTION OF RURAL PARK M 11.6 CONSTRUCTION OF MARKET PLACE IN RESEN M 11.5 SYSTEM, EQUIPMENT OF PARKING REORGANISATION M 11.9 COASTLINE, TIDY COAST (PRETOR) OF PRESPA PRESERVATION M 11.4 RECONSTRUCTION OF “BRAKA MILADINOVCI” ELEMENTARY M 11.8 FOR PUBLIC USE OF FACILITIES URBAN SANITATION M 11.3 SCHOOL BUILDING IN RESEN COMPLETION OF ELEMENTARY

73 Convergence between countries; Empowerment of citizens; Education WQU3; Infrastructure; Public health d of cultural REFERENCE INDEX Objective III & Objective IV Objective IV Economic prosperity Objective III Infrastructure Objective IV & Objective III (in EURO) TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL – 65,000 2004 76,000 2004-2007 160,000 2004–2005 59,250

Urban sanitation of the small hall in “Dragi Tozija” cultural centre in Resen Participation of students from the Prespa region (Albania, Greece and FYR of Macedonia) and interested students from other countries Terrain research by means of small-size laboratory and practical experiments in the field of architecture, cultural heritage, traditions, landscape, natural wealth etc. Procurement of closets for storage national gowns and display stands Objective III: Preservation of cultural values, such as monuments, traditional settlements and human activities an Objective III: Preservation elements that promote the sustainable management of natural resources elements that promote VALUES AND PROMOTION OF CULTURAL PRIORITY AXIS 12: PRESERVATION PROJECT PARK FOR THE PRESPA a. Annual thematic workshops and lectures b. c. d. Organisation of interactive informative and educative seminars Demographic and socio-economic implications caused by population migrations in the Prespa region OF IMPORTANT ELEMENTS AND PLACES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ELEMENTS AND PLACES OF ENVIRONMENTAL OF IMPORTANT INTEREST AND CULTURAL Infrastructure equipping of the strict nature reserve Ezerani on Prespa Lake a. b. Installation of sanitary units, supply and drainage, sewerage systems c. d. Procurement of instruments e. Covering roof structure with tiles OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN RESEN AND PRESPA AS A MEANS OF OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN RESEN AND PRESPA AND SOCIAL DEVIATIONS PREVENTING IMMIGRATION PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE Measure Measure No M 12.1 – LOGISTIC SUPPORT CENTRE FOR ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION M 11.12 STUDY MIGRATION M 11.11 INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDED FOR THE PROMOTION M 11.10 ACTIVITIES - ENTERTAINMENT ENHANCEMENT OF CULTURAL

74 Infrastructure; Education Empowerment of citizens Infrastructure; Empowerment of citizens; Education REFERENCE INDEX Objective III Objective III Objective III Infrastructure Objective III Infrastructure Objective IV (in EURO) 77,715,682 TOTAL BUDGET TOTAL 2004-2006 100,500 2004-2006 1,430,200 2004-2006 650,000 2004-2006 630,000 2004-2006 200,000 Appointment of a custodian-person to familiarise visitors and tourists with cultural heritage and history GRAND TOTAL GRAND TOTAL a. Renovation of a facility to serve as drying room b. Construction of 5 bungalows PROTECTION OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS PROTECTION OF CULTURAL a. Restoration of cultural heritage b. Setting up of road signs c. Preservation and protection of old traditional buildings in the villages of Brajcino, Dolno Dumpeni, Ljubojno, Pretor , Stenje, Konjsko, Jankovec and Kriveni Rehabilitation of heavily damaged traditional buildings in 8 rural settlements in Resen municipality CAREV DVOR VILLAGE a. Thorough reconstruction of the centre b. Setting up of a library and Internet caf PART II: STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN – FYR of MACEDONIA II: STRATEGIC PART TIMETABLE M 12.6 BALKAN CERAMICS CENTRE M 12.5 (connected to Priority axis 7) M 12.4 OF TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS PRESERVATION M 12.3 CENTRES IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS CULTURAL M 12.2 CENTRE IN OF CULTURAL RECONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION

75 76 MACEDONIAN ALLIANCE FOR PRESPA (M.A.P.)