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Lake Prespa Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis

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Lake Prespa Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis Lake Prespa Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis July 2009 Lake Prespa – Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis CONTENTS Abbreviations Summary 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Structure of Summary TDA ........................................................................ 1 2 Methodology ...................................................................................................... 2 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 2 2.2 Stakeholder and governance analysis........................................................ 3 2.3 Identification of transboundary environmental stresses .............................. 3 2.4 Analysis of root causes of environmental stress ......................................... 4 3 Description Lake Prespa Basin .......................................................................... 5 3.1 Physical and geographic description of the basin ....................................... 5 3.1.1 Lake, river and groundwater systems ..................................................... 5 3.1.2 Land Resources ..................................................................................... 5 3.1.3 Mineral resources .................................................................................. 6 3.1.4 Climate .................................................................................................. 6 3.2 Ecosystem status ....................................................................................... 7 3.2.1 Water Quality Status .............................................................................. 7 3.2.2 Water Level Status ................................................................................. 9 3.2.3 Biological resources ............................................................................. 10 3.2.4 Nature reserves and protected areas ................................................... 10 3.3 Socio-economic analysis ......................................................................... 11 3.3.1 Population: ........................................................................................... 11 3.3.2 Industry ................................................................................................ 11 3.3.3 Agriculture ............................................................................................ 12 3.3.4 Fishing ................................................................................................. 12 3.3.5 Tourism ................................................................................................ 12 3.4 Water use in the basin ............................................................................. 12 3.4.1 Wastewater and Solid waste ................................................................ 13 3.5 Climate Change Impacts .......................................................................... 13 4 Stakeholder and Governance Analysis ............................................................. 16 4.1 Overview of institutional, legal and policy in Prespa Lake basin ............... 16 4.2 National environmental management and strategies ................................ 17 4.2.1 Albania ................................................................................................. 17 4.2.2 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ............................................. 18 4.2.3 Greece ................................................................................................. 19 4.3 Role of Civil Society in Prespa Basin ....................................................... 20 5 Priority transboundary threats to the ecosystem of Lake Prespa Basin ............ 23 5.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 23 5.2 Key Transboundary Concern 1: Nutrient enrichment ................................ 24 5.2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 24 5.2.2 Sources of nutrients ............................................................................. 24 5.2.3 Impacts of nutrient enrichment ............................................................. 26 5.3 Key Concern 2: Native Fish Stock Decline ............................................... 27 5.3.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 27 5.3.2 Available information ............................................................................ 27 5.4 Key Concern 3: Reduction in the water level in Macro Prespa ................. 28 5.4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 28 5.4.2 Available information ............................................................................ 28 5.5 Key Concern 4: Sediment Transport ........................................................ 29 5.5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 29 5.5.2 Available information ............................................................................ 29 5.6 Key Concern 5: Deforestation and changes in forests ............................. 29 i Lake Prespa – Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis 5.6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 29 5.6.2 Available information ............................................................................ 30 5.7 Key Concern 6: Organic Pollution ........................................................... 30 5.7.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 30 5.7.2 Available information ............................................................................ 30 5.8 Key Concern 6: Hazardous Substance Pollution ..................................... 31 5.8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................... 31 6 Conclusions / Next Steps ................................................................................. 32 6.1 Summary of threats to the ecosystem ...................................................... 32 6.1.1 Pollution ............................................................................................... 32 6.1.2 Other threats ........................................................................................ 32 6.2 Priority Actions for the Strategic Action Programme ................................. 33 6.2.1 General actions required ...................................................................... 33 6.2.2 Priority Actions 1: Reduction of nutrient pollution ................................. 33 6.2.3 Priority Actions 2: Improvement of fish stocks ...................................... 33 6.2.4 Priority Actions 3: Minimising water level decline in Macro Prespa ....... 33 6.2.5 Priority Actions 4: Reduction of sediment transport .............................. 34 6.2.6 Priority Actions 5: Protection of natural forests ..................................... 34 6.2.7 Priority Actions 6: Reduction of organic pollution .................................. 34 6.2.8 Priority Actions 7: Reduction of hazardous substance pollution ............ 34 Annexes Maps • Map 1 - Overview of Lake Prespa Basin • Map 2 – Contour map of Lake Prespa Basin • Map 3 – Lake and River Network of Prespa Basin • Map 4 – Hydrogeology of Prespa Basin • Map 5 – CORINE Land Cover Data for Prespa Basin • Map 6 – Summary Vegetation of Prespa Basin • Map 7 – Prespa Basin Protected Areas • Map 8 – Main Tourist and Cultural Sites in Prespa Basin Annex 1 Albanian National Analysis Report Annex 2 Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia National Analysis Report Annex 3 Greek National Analysis Report Annex 4 Monitoring data from basin-wide assessments Annex 5 Bibliography and references ii Lake Prespa – Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis Main abbreviations AL Albania EC European Commission EEA European Environment Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EU European Union FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia GEF Global Environment Facility GR Greece IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control IUCN World Conservation Union JRC European Commission Joint Research Centre N Nitrogen NGO Non Governmental Organisation P Phosphorus PPCC Prespa Park Co-ordination Committee REC Regional Environmental Centre SAP Strategic Action Programme SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SPP Society for the Protection of Prespa TDA Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis TTT Technical Task Team UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UNDP United Nations Development Programme WFD EU Water Framework Directive iii Lake Prespa – Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis Summary The Prespa Lakes Basin is a high altitude system (approximately 850 m) with a combined catchment of over 2,500 km2 covering part of the territory of Albania, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Greece. The basin is home to nearly 30,000 people with the majority residing in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The region has little industry (again centred in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) and the main source of income is agriculture which is estimated to employ about 75% of the workforce, however unemployment is high ranging from about 12% in Greece to over 30% in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.
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