The Bronte Country

TH E

BRON T E C OUN T RY

“ ITS Topoca pm PI T I uI cru—z s m , , N Q

‘ 1‘ AN D M18 ORY.

J . H . E R 8 K I E r u n m N g , E i a n .

— T a nk G od for th e r e n ea rt . BL n fc h g e h K A Von Lm .

P a n i s th e embodi men t o f th e un i er se a n d E c ho v , i s th e

mer e ta lker a bout th e u n i er se . Let u s o th er efor P v g , e, to a n mself i t we wi sh tr ul to kn ow th e un i er s h hi , y v e ; a n d to E c o , i t

— we wish only to hea r a bout i t. LOBD Ba c on .

Is ON DON E O GM ZX 8 G E E N N , R N 81 ( CO.

1 888. e on n

' P a mm n B" Ga m m a GR E E N I N G ,

' BI ON C OUR T K mxea m . AL , ‘ P R E P ZX GE .

coun try associated with the Bron tes i s of

n u a n d the -rur or two ki ds , the r ral semi al

- n u n ur ban rural . The ﬁrst i cl des the sce es

’ i n Irelan d con n ected with Patr ick Bron te s youth ; those i n Essex where he held hi s ﬁrst curacy ; the Corni sh scen es conn ected with Ma r ia Bran well ;

h n d n Br d ll a n d Hawort a the Moors ; Cowa i ge , Tun sta ,

n n nn Casterto . The latter embraces the sce es co ected

’ t h r u u a n d with Patrick s ﬁrs Yorks i e c racy at Dewsb ry , his subsequen t Yorkshi re in cumben cies at Hartshea d a n d Thorn ton ; the school scen es of the sisters ; the houses they visited ; all of which material is lar gely i P E E . v. R FAC

u n s n s i n n drawn po for the ce e Ja e Eyre ,

Shirley .

Havin g resided for a few years i n the Heavy Woollen

n h n wi District , which eve to t is day is redole t th m s n u n emorie of Charlotte Bro te , it wo ld have bee passin g stran ge if I had n ot early mani fested a curiosi ty in ac quirin g scraps of in formation a n d an ecdotes regardin g this ma rvellou s woman a n d her n o less

a l n e s r s s - s n i n t e t d iste , whose chool days were pe t great

i n Mi r ﬁ eld a n d s u d s s part the Dew b ry i tricts of York hire , while she paid ma n y happy visits i n after life to the

n a m i n n eighbourhood of Birstall . Soo fter y arrival

Y r I wa s r u n n a on e who in o kshire , b o ght i to co t ct with , ,

e wa s i n d hi her arly days , rocked the cra le w ch Charlotte

u a n d m I t h a d formerly oc c pied , fro her heard a grea

un u m m u n o s deal about this iq e fa ily , who were fa o s les

n n a n d for their good br ai s tha for their good hearts , who were ever remembered by former depen dan ts a s

n - n u s i n n o ki dly, ju stice lovi g s perior , who were way ’ u respecters of person s . Patric k Bron te s c ra c y at

ur n d n um n a a l o Dewsb y , a his i c be cy at Hartshe d , s

n er s me a n d u ha n e s i t e ted , the res lt was t t I ﬁ ally s ayed

n ew u i n n k n a depart re Bro te literature , by s etchi g a few of the scen es conn ected with the family i n a series

a c i n ur n h e of rti les the Yorkshire Weekly Post , d i g t

n te 1 - n lu wi r of 886 7 . When these articles were co c ded,

i it appeared to me that w th a n exten ded ran ge of

u m a n d s bjects , a more complete work ight be achieved ,

u n BR ON TF; U this prod ctio , THE CO NTRY , is the

u m res lt of y labours .

The object of this book is to give to the reader a full description of the coun try whi ch produced this talen ted f a n hi n u a n d i t e amily , d w ch foster ed their ge i s , is hop d that from these pages will exhale a breath of reality in

n ut so k n o descriptio which will p the reader , to spea , i t

n th n a n d n hi m a e the positio of e Bro tes , e able to re lis more easily the won derful beauty of their descr iption s .

- - c n a n d out of if . of s e ery , of door l e At the same time , vi . ma m a s . a n tiquiti es a n d matters of hi storical in terest perta in in g t di s e wi n ot n t n o the strict tr ated of, ll be awa i g, so that

- the volume will n ot be merely a pictur e book with word,

u a n d but il pict res ppe ed, w l have such a variety of

nf i on in n b i ormat comb ed withi it , that it will e likely

n n n n he r to prove i teresti g to a yo e , be gen eral reade ,

a n u n Mtter a tem . I n i n tiq aria , or addit on to the sce es , a n d the an tiquarian a n d gen eral matters relatin g

e n n th reto , there is a special chapter, e titled Collec ta ea

n n i n i s r n d n n Bro tea a , which a r a ge a umber of a ecdotes a n d nf m n n i scraps of i or atio regardi g the family , wh ch have come to my n otice durin g my researches i n con n ection with the acqui sition of informati on for the w n riti g of the scen es .

I n u n n n co cl sio , I have to tha k the editor of the

Yorkshire Post for his kin d permi ssion to u se the

i n n n mater ial of my articles hi s paper . To ma y ki d

frien ds who have assisted me I r eturn my best than ks.

I have laid so man y un der con tribution that it i s almost m a m a s . vii .

impossible to sin gle out the most importan t . I have to ac kn owledge my in debtedn ess to the whole body of

s r i n en a n a t who sub c ibers g eral , d p r icularly to those

ha ve advised fri en ds a n d relatives to subscribe . The

i b . c u Rev. Thomas Wh t y, M A Vi ar of Dewsb ry , has been most obligin g i n helpin g me to throw some light

’ on t u in hi s Pa rick s c racy parish , hitherto a n almost

n . e tir ely forgotten aspect of Bron te biography . Mr W .

” W . s ur R t ha s n Yates , of the Dew b y epor er , also give me c c hi s r n n Th a ess to w iti gs o Bron te at Dewsbury . e

e . . . e t A ha der un n R vs H W Lett , R c or of g g, Co ty Dow ,

a n d . t r D r um la n d r W Moore , Rec o of goo , have th own much light on the di sputed poin t about the n ame

” n . M r s . a n ée de Ga rr s Bro te T ylor ( Martha ) , sister

n C fﬁ n t u of Na cy arrs , of She eld , has co rib ted some in terestin g an ecdotes of the in mates of Haworth

a r on a a n d t M rs. P s ge ; her sis er, Sarah Newsome , their

n ur 80 n r old se , aged years , has writte f om Cra wfords vil in n le , the U ited States . There are other in forman ts v . P C iii RE FA E .

whose commun ication s have been of even greater value

n f n but u s n tha the oregoi g , who , for vario s rea o s , prefer

m n i n c o n i to. I n n u n t a ll n to re ai g co cl sio , o perso s who

me n di n & have helped by se g photographs , c . , I return

s a n d n my be t heartfelt tha ks .

I a m n . V n n un i debted to Messrs ale ti e , of D dee , for

’ use s . n m the of photograph of St Joh s College , Ca bridge ,

’

a n d of St. c a e un . n n Mi h l s Mo t ; to Mr Atki so , of Great

Ba r dﬁ eld n on e Wether sﬁ ld , Brai tree , for of e Church ;

a n d . m to Messrs Berry of Go ersal , Cooper of Liver

u a n d mi sedge , Garrett of Dewsb ry , S th of Batley , for

u t nl f for u se vario s others o Mr . Ma ey , of Hali ax , the

of hi s beautiful impression s of Kirklees Gate House

’ a n d n I a m mu n b d Robi Hood s Grave ch i de ted, a n for

’ to . . Odd . H r ft that of Heald s Hall J G y, Esq , of a llc o

u di n m . . S s Ho se , Ad gha The artist , Mr hepherd , ha

n c on a mor c i n a n d m e tered to the work , he deserves y

m heartiest co men dation . C ONT ENTS .

ZX ‘ I E C H P R I .

’ — ri r n te s ri s om . A h der a n d rum o la n Pa t c k B o I h h e g a g D g o d .

’ — St o n oll m ri . c of s r c ur . s a s n hi st a c J h C ege , C b dge The e e ﬁ y,

W ethersﬁ eld i n E ss x — sc n of hi s r st Yor s ir c ur a c a t , e The e e ﬁ k h e y

s — r i r — — I n i u w ur ws u a r s u c . I ts i stor . . st t De b y . De b y P h Ch h h y The

ti on of un a c ools i n 1 783 th e . a tt w owl a n d S d y S h , by Rev M he P ey ,

— the a mmon o r son hi s c ur a t . ui rr l a ll the Rev . H d R be , e Sq e H , r si n c of o r son on ws ur oon — An c ot s of Br on te e de e R be De b y M e d e , a n d sketc h of hi s c a r eer i n Dewsbury Pa ge 1

‘ ‘ C H R P I E R I I .

’ The sc en e of Pa tr i c k Br on te s ﬁr st i n c umben c y a t Ha rtsh ea d

- — m f — c um li ton . n a n c the o o i a Br a n ll C f Pe z e , h e Ma r we . Gui seley

’ ur c th e sc n of a tr i c r on te s w di n — Ch h , e e P k B ed g H i s house a t

— lou a n i town n a r a r ts a . a r ts a ur i ts C gh L e , H gh , e H he d H he d Ch c h ,

— — i stor . i r s ur c a n d a mm on o r son An h y L ve edgeCh h , H dR be . ec dotes

’ ’ — — of o r son a l s a ll. R a wfold s ill a n d R be . He d H M th e Lu ddi tes

’ ’ C a r twri ght s a n d Roberson s gra ves i n Li ver sedge Churc hya r d Pa ge 40 O E . X . C NT NTS

C H E N E R I I I .

T la c e f th e thr si st r s a n d Br a n w ll hornton , the bi rthp o ee e e

— — — B l B ll a . T a rson a . Ha wor t the ron te The O d e Ch pel he P ge h ,

— — B I s ur c a n d c tor . T i r wor kshop of the ron tes . t Ch h Re y he

— — i lli a m ri ms a w hi story Va n da li sm tri umpha n t The Rev . W G h a n d hi s li fe-wor k Pa ge 68

E E C H N R IV .

The Sc hool Sc en es of th e Si ster s Bron te a t Cowa n Bri dge .

— n sta ll ur c . Bur ow n d Burrow a ll the sc n of th e Tu Ch h r , a H , e e

— R o urla n a stl . Tun sta lls of oma n Brem n ta c m. Th d C e The

l — — r ton a 85 Thur a n d . Lun eda le . Ca ste P ge

E C H A PT R V .

The West Ri di ng Sc hool Sc en es a t R oe Hea d a n d D ewsbur y Moon — Gen era l a ppea ra n c e of the Hea vy Woollen Di stri c t of

- m Yorkshi r e . I por ta n c e of thi s di stri c t i n c on n ec ti on wi th ” — — hir l . ous s a rlott i si t d R din s Bir sta ll S ey The h e Ch e v e The y g , .

— ll i s n n r s a n d a n E r . Bi r sta a n d ts surroun di n g . Norto Co ye J e y e ” — — Bi rsta ll urc the Bri a rﬁ eld h urc of irl . Ch h , C h Sh ey The

H l f Bi r s ll Oa kwell a ll . i r l h r or ton a t ea ds o ta . H S F etc e N

— — n s f i r l r . d n Oa kwell . A ec dote o S F etc he The Ba ttle of A wa lto

‘ Moon — The Duke of Newc a stle s portra i t — Pri estley th e phi loso

— — r orn a t F i eldhea d. R ous om sa l. om rsa l phe b The ed H e , G er G e

e i s — hi rl i ti n f h ri m r o a n d th Ludd te . The S ey Ha b ta o o t e P se

a u . r rt n owl s th e Yor s i r a tt rt n a n d hi s Le g e He be K e , k h e Ch e o ,

— i i l ll r d ll . r . H un s c on n ec t on w th Gomersa . Po a Ha Brook oyd

wort ills the ollows i ll of i rl . ollow. h M , H M Sh ey The H

— Oa n s a w a n d i ts ross. Bi rl Ha ll a n d D r . i c a r dson . ke h C e ey , R h

i rl — Mi ss Curr er of E shton a n d B e ey . The n om de p lume of Curr e r som e. xi .

— - n . n ele of hir l Be Kir klees a n d Robi H ood The N nn y S ey, ” “ — n n r um t l . a n d th e F er dea n Ma n or Of Ja e E y e . The D b S eep e

— T Arm f i r s — a uc r a n d Ki kl s — Mi rﬁ el he yta ges o K klee . Ch e r ee . d

— i 1 Churc h . Pa p st Ha ll Pa ge 00

E ‘ ’ C H F I E K V I .

— n i wort a n d th e oor s. The Nur sery of the Bron te Ge us . Ha h M

— o The Wa terfa ll a t Pon den Ki rk The Cr ow Hill Bog E r upti n . ” — ow n d rims ta n ur . ut ri n i ts. S de s a n G ha w. S b y W he g He gh Pa ge 160

C H E N E R V I I .

- — — i a li fa a n d a w on . tri c k ra n Sc en es of Govern ess sh p . H x R d Pa B

' ' d r ri — r ou ton well Bron te a t Ludden denfoot a n Sowe by B dge . B gh ” - — - i n r n H m rton . a t r sa n d a n E r . Furn ess. G ee a m e H he ge a J e y e

— a l Of o . a i stri c t a 177 The V e H pe The L ke D , P ge

E N E C H R V I I I .

“ L E T AN EA BRON T EAN A — elti Ori i f B n C O L C . C c g n o ro te

- — n i us ru osi ti on Of Bra n w ll. Hi s Arti sti c a n d o ti c Ge . The T e P e P e ” — At i n m n ts . E mil a s rr on a rc h . on c lu in ta e y , The Me y M C d g Rema rks Pa ge 188

Wa lki n g Tour Notes a n d Adden da Deta iled In dex Li st Of Subsc ri bers I E BUST RFX T ION S

F rom or i i n a l S ketc hes b Alexa r rd A M g y nde S hep he , .

o B d f r a dfor .

NOR TON C oN r E Rs

ON T H E BE C AWOR TH K , H

’ ST . JOH N s O E GE AM BRI DGE C LL , C

B WE TH E SF I E LD CHUR C H, E ssnx

DE wsR UR r OLD CHUR C H

DE WSBUR Y CHUR C H SUN D AY SC HOOL CE N TE N AR Y ME DAL

I R R E A E WSB R OOR SQU L H LL, D U Y M

DE WSBUR Y OLD VI C AR AG E

’ R V ATR I C BR ON TE s O E I GHTOWN E . P K H US , H ,

H AR TsH E AD CHUR C H

’ T . M I C H AE L s O N T OR N WA S M U , C LL

LI VE R SE DGE CHUR C H

DE WSBUR Y MOOR CHUR C H I LLUSTRATI ONS .

’ E A D S AL I VE R E D GE H L H L , L S

HAWOR TH OLD PAR SON AGE

HAWOR TH OLD CHUR C H

HAWOR TH N E W CHURC H

COWAN BR I D GE

COWAN BR I D GE (F R OM THE BR I D GE )

TUN STALL CHUR C H

IN TE R I OR or TUN STALL CHUR C H

’ E A D S O E E WSB R OOR H L H US , D U Y M

THE R YD I N GS ,

BI R STALL CHUR C H

OAK WE LL H ALL

TH E ATE O E I R LE E G H US , K K S

’ OBI N OOD R AVE I R LE E R H S G , K K S

TH E M B TE E P E I R K E E DU S L , K L S

B AC B L I NN AWOR T H L K UL , H

’ BR AN WE BR ON TE HAI R B AC B I N N LL S C , L K ULL

C E NE ON ADE N BE C N EAR TH E ATE R F A HAW R TH S SL K , W LL, O

MOOR

THE BR ONTE ATE R F A AWOR TH OOR W LL , H M

ON TH E BE C K AWOR TH , H On l C a wa iB Bec k, H i i}. ‘TH E

C I E T Y BRON C OUN R .

‘ C H E P I E R I .

ell f ur will be w , be ore we proc eed with o

u n n s bject , to dispel o e impressio which

n i n n may , perhaps , have li gered the mi ds

of some in ten din g readers when they saw

i l n this book an n oun ced . This work w l ot

n be i n a n y sen se a key to the scen es of the ovels . It

n t bu r wi ll deal certai ly with a few of hese , t the w iter has n ot gon e out of his way to rake Up scan dals a n d cur iosities which might easily have been secured a n d

n o u di n n . c " formed , do bt , racy rea g for some perso s N we ﬂatter ourselves we are goin g to provide better fare B 2 THE BR ONTE COUNTRY .

n e for the men tal digestio s of our readers . To describ the coun try which produced the Bron tes a n d fostered

n u a our a r to a their ge i s sh ll be t sk , to t y let the re der s e m n n v e it fro a Bro te poi t of iew , to attempt to show

n t m n n n how , o si ply the e viro me t of lon ely , heathery

t bu t u un di n u Hawor h , t heir other s rro gs a ll thro gh

uil u n ul their lives , helped to b d p those wo derf pieces of

t imagin ative work which they produced . For af er all they a r e works of imagin ati on more than man y people

’ . I n ﬁn e u n believe , we shall leave other people s b si ess a l n e a n d n our own i the o , atte d to , wh ch is to give rea der a picture of the Bron te Coun try as it is i n the

n a n d i n i n prese t, as it was the past ; short to weave a n ti n to a n d di u n fabric i teres g all te o s to on e , which

Off n n o on e a n d ru n r u a n will e d , , we t st , will i st ct d

u a ll a . t u am se who re d it Af er all , if we s cceed , a u i n humble ltho gh a way, we have a praiseworthy

i n n for n r u a n d mu task ha d , to i st ct a se is about the highest merit to which either human con versati on or

n c a n i n . a n n writi g atta Ch rlotte Bro te says , whe

n n n a sweri g the letter of a Cambridge stude t , who had expressed admi ration of her writin gs : You are very

n l n a n d u welcome to take Ja e , Caro i e , Shirley for yo r

4 TH E E BRONT COUNTRY .

“ ’ di c n w - o n . the Danes Cast , a deep t h , grass grow

s in u kl n There are two lake the parish , Lo ghbric a d, a n d

L u h sha r k m n n o g , the for er receivi g its ame from

k u h m un the spec led tro t with w ich it for erly abo ded .

On n s u n i r the ba k of Lo ghbrickla d , S Marmaduke

u c u n n h Whitch r h , to whom Q ee Elizabeth gra ted t e

n i n 1 585 u di m n la ds , b ilt a castle , which was s a tled

’ n n by Cromwell s army . William of Ora ge e camped i n

i n 16 0 on hi s this parish 9 , way to the battle Of the

n a n d u in u n u o Boy e , D tch co s are t r ed p by the pl ugh

. n n s m s m to this day The i habita t are o tly far ers , the

Of n n but n n great part the la d bei g arable , the li e

man ufactur e i s also carried on .

’ r n t s n Pat ick s pare s re ided origi ally , at least at the

m Li sn a c r eev i n D r umba ll r on e ti e of his birth , at y, y y

n ow un D r um oola n d a n d i n parish , ited to g , latterly

- n n i n A h d r a e . the town la ds of Bally askeagh , g g parish

’ I n r m n a Pat ick s ti e the childre were baptised at , n d atten ded D rumba llyr on ey church .

’ D rum ola n d u n ot oﬁ At go ch rch , very far , a h a n dsome mon umen t is erected to the memory Of the

- n um n Of Rev . Thomas Tighe , for forty two years i c be t

’ n this parish . This Mr . Tighe was Patrick Bro te s 5 THE BRONTE COUNTRY .

n a n d u hi s . I n patro , he employed him as t tor to boys

he - u ﬁn e the wall of t school ho se was a very cross ,

n a n d n built in to the maso ry , the shaft cross bei g of

n Of n e . in n e porphyry , the pli th gra it Capta May e R id ,

n son n m n s e the ovelist , was the of a Presbyteria i i t r of

D rumgoola n d parish .

’

Si . Jo n s (Colle e C a mbr id e . ﬁ g , g

n t i s u n u n hi s I ci ed , it s pposed , by the e co rageme t of

n . . o D rum oola n d patro , the Rev Mr Tighe , rect r of g , to

a n n Un s ﬁ n d hi m in 1802 seek E glish iver ity , we , , at the

’ n l n m gates of St . Joh s Co lege , Cambridge . His a e is 6 THE E C BRONT OUNTRY .

’ n i n th e e . ohn s e tered as follows regist r of St J College ,

“ m - n 1 802 85 . 1 N O. 1285 n Ad issio s , fol , , Patrick Bra ty ,

r n . Tu a n d 1 I ela d , Sizar tors , Wood Smith . Oc t. . Sub.

1802 . D D extracted by C Taylor , . . , Master Of the

n u 22 18 . I n College , Ja ary , 87 Graduate Can ta

” bri i n es e s u Un . g , lately p blished by the iversity , Messrs

n . 0 n . Deighto , Cambridge , p 7 , Bro te , Pat , Ish

. B. 1 A 806 a . T o D . D u , extr cted by C ayl r , . It is th s eviden t that Bran ty ha s been written by the

n u bu U iversity a thorities , t that Bron té is his own

n u i s n Un v sig at re , as show by the i ersity books , both

ul n d u n when matric ati g a n grad ati g .

n n m Mr . Bro te , we are i for ed , had a brother, who

l n m t m n i n was ivi g so e shor ti e si ce Belfast, a n d the family at Haworth were n ever aware that their father had passed un der the ha rsh -soun di n g title of

” u Pr un ty . It is j st possible that the whole story about the chan ge Of n ame is explain able by the

i n r lli n n d vagaries Of the age rega d to spe g, a that it was very far from the min d Of Patrick to have

- coin ed such a high soun din g Greek n a me . I n the

D rumba ll r on e u i n un n registers of y y ch rch , co ty Dow , f d f are the n ames O the brothers a n sisters O Patrick, TH E BRONTE COUNTRY. 7

n n 1 d 1 1 a n d r in S li n bor betwee 779 a n 79 , they va y pel g fr m r a n T n Of o B ty , to he ames the

un m m a n n i n to yo ger embers Of the fa ily are w ti g , ow g a

’ i n r un r break the registers ; but Pat ick s yo gest siste ,

n wa s n e who is still alive , says their ame always Bro t , a n d n hi n d r n e ot g else , a n there are at the p ese t dat

” r n n s di n seve al perso s who spell their n ame Bro te , re i g

usi n in Ar magh a n d other town s i n that di strict . A co

’ of Charlotte s remembers Patrick preachi n g i n

D r umba ll ron e u f di n i n . wa s y y ch rch , a ter or at o He also i n the habit of sen din g twen ty poun ds a yea r to his mother as lon g as she lived .

u n We have at least clea red p two or three poi ts ,

. n n un n ot viz , that the ame Bro te is to be fo d unf u n i n n n a n d req e tly Irela d at the prese t day, that Patr ick n either forgot his paren ts n or his n ative

un n u co try whe he took p his abode i n En glan d .

’ . n m u St Joh s College , Ca bridge , i s s pposed to have

n f un u timc Of n I a n d bee o ded abo t the He ry ., the

r Of un n u n 1 1 1 ha s cha ter fo datio was p blished i 5 . It

' ’ r n v n r on s ve y exte si e patro age . At the time Of B té

n th . ll m n D adve t there , e Rev Wi ia Crave , D . ., was

Master . Amon g the celebriti es who have passed fr om 8 TH E R O E B NT COUNTRY .

’ . hn n m St Jo s , may be amed , Roger Ascha , William

i u . r n emi n n Cec l (Lord B rleigh) , Dr Ma ti Lister , the e t n u a n d at ralist ; Matthew Prior, the poet , i n a later da n c n y, Heberde , the elebrated physician . We k ow l f i Un s bu n ittle O Patr ck at the iver ity , t this is certai ,

l n t th e n that he dri led , alo g wi h late Lord Palmersto

r u n s a n d the p esen t D ke of Devo hire , i n a corps of

un i m u n f vol teers , wh ch was for ed by the st de ts O that time to resist the thr eaten ed in vasion Of En glan d by

n Napoleo .

On n . n a n d leavi g Cambridge , Mr Bro te took orders , in o 1806 ﬁn d hi m s Oct ber , , we establi hed as c urate of

ether sfi eld i n . ether sfi eld a ther sfi eld W , Essex W , or We

ul u l as it was formerly spelt , is a pop o s vi lage

u n n a u n s sit ated o the Pa t or Bl ckwater , abo t seve mile

m n m frc Brain tree . The i habitan ts are ostly employed

- n in n a i n straw plaiti g a n d raisin g ga rde seeds , especi lly

u f t. n c a rrots . The Ch rch O S Mary Magdale is a

buildi n g of some n ote from a n an tiquarian poin t of

. n m n ur un t view It co sists of a Nor a tower, s mo ed

r h u r by a copper spi e , w ich has ass med a deep verdig is

the n Of the n n r t hu e fr om actio weather , a ave , o h

n n ﬁn e a n d south a isles a n d cha cel . I side , there is a

12 T HE BRONTE COUNTRY .

’ i n u u n n the pages of A g sti e Birrell s Charlotte Bro te , where this amu sin g in ciden t is brought to the li ght

m m n for the ﬁrst time . It see s rather harsh treat e t to

f n the memory O the departed Patr ick , that the eve ts of

r u s hi s r m n his ﬁ st c racy , the love pa sages of ea ly a hood ,

u b c sho ld e laid bare by the s alpel of the biographer , but u n n n s ch is the pe alty of great ess , or of bei g the

f i t s n father of a race O l terary gen iuses . Wha po itio

’ ’ the Bron tes might have taken i n the literary world

’ had their father married the comely blu e -eyed farmer s

u i n n n da ghter Essex , i stead of the little , delicate Cor ish m n n a n n n aide , Maria Bra well , is i teresti g problem for studen ts of heredity .

’ nf m us n Mr . Birrell s n a rrative i or s that Patrick Bro te

l i n th e l 1 809 s left Weth ersﬁe d ear y part of , the la t en try i n the register bein g that Of a burial on New

’ . G s l us t n Year s Day . Mrs a kell tel s that af er leavi g

n u b n Essex , he n ext appeared as i c m e t at Hartshead

- n m i n . c um Clifto , a ha let Calderdale Neither has

n u Of n Mr . Birrell bee able to ﬁll p this gap early three

1 09 181 1 . Of u years , from 8 to The vicar Dewsb ry has kin dly made a searc h of the registers of that an cien t

ri n Oﬁ C i a ted a n d parish , a n d ﬁn ds that Pat ck Bro te at , ’ THE E BRONT COUNTRY . 13

n m sig ed the registers at , ost of the weddin gs celebrated i n u u n 1809 -1 0 n that ch rch d ri g the the vicar, m . n u r fﬁ n . the Rev Joh B ckwo th , seldo o ciati g The fact that Pa trick Bron te was curate of Dewsbury for n early three years has n ever been n oticed i n a n y of the

h n ub . biograp ical otices of the family yet p lished M r s .

G . . n askell , Wemyss Reid , F A Leyla d, a n d Augustin e

ul a n d hi n Birrell are all at fa t here , yet t s poi t could easily have been traced up from Crockford or a n y

the n n to e in Clergy list , as prese tatio Hartsh ad is the

n s u a n d u ha d of the vic ar of Dewsb ry , is sually given to

u hi a n d n u the c rate , if s age experie ce are s ch as to

n n san ctio the appoin tme t .

’ un n We are in debted for the a cco t of Mr . Bro te s

n life at Dewsbury to the ki dn ess of Mr. W . W . Yates

u of Dewsb ry , who , several years ago , wrote a series of articles on Dewsbury Parish Church : its History

” a n d n i n i i s Associatio s , the paper with wh ch he

n n ur t . co ected , The Dewsb y Repor er This period

’ of Patrick s life has a n importan t bearin g on the

’ n production of Shirley , Charlotte s most pleasa tly

I t seems he must ha ve ofﬁ c i a ted a t Dewsbury a n d Ha rtshea d for some ti me a fter his settlemen t. 1 TH E 4 BRONTE COUNTRY . wr n n r u n c n h itte ovel , which describes va io s i ide ts w ich

a n d n n a took place , Sketches several well k ow ch racters who came u n der the n otice of her father durin g his

n i n reside ce this an cien t parish .

The Dewsbury Of tod ay is a very differen t pla c e

’ from the Dewsbury of Patrick Bron te s time . Now

a n d m n u n n we have a large i porta t man fa cturi g tow ,

n w f oil a n d m a n d reeki g ith smells O , shoddy , che icals ,

r u a n n r . I n th e th o gh which ﬂows i ky iver , the Calder

ﬁr st decade of the cen tury the population only reached

f n - m n a ﬁfth part O what it ow i s . Ha n d loo s were the

in e a n d the on ly machin es vogu e . St am smoke were

m un n n a ll un s u u u al ost k ow , ro d wa a p rely agric lt ral

a n d u m district , the Calder was a clear , pell cid strea aboun din g i n salmon a n d trout ; riparian own ers

ul n But u u reg arly ﬁshed with ets . Dewsb ry , tho gh sma i n S n n ll ize , had stirri g traditio s of St . Paulin us

n on n i n A D 2 . preachi g the ba ks of the Cal der . . 6 7 It is believed that a ston e cross wa s erec ted to commemorate

h n s n t is eve t prior to the establi hme t of a chu rch .

I n m m n a later day too , the Sun day school ove e t had

un m i n - n fo d a ho e this time ho oured parish, un der

n . a n d the fosteri g care of the Rev Matthew Powley , 1 THE BRONTE COUNTRY . 5

’ u . n later on of the Rev . John B ckworth , Mr Bro te s

It was to a parish redolen t with memori es of the

t n u a n d c Evan gelical Revival of las ce t ry , where a tive

n u parochial work was i n operatio , that the late c rate

l n n - n n o of sleepy Wethersﬁe d, with its o reside t vicar, w

n r ul n ot betook hi mself. A greater co t ast co d well be

’ u hi t a n d imagin ed . For the plo ghboy s w s le the

’ n for an n te milkmaid s so g, the cle ly , smili g farms ads ,

n a n d a happy peasa tr y , he exchan ged the ra ttle a n d

th the un i - t n r click of e loom , t dy , toil s ai ed , c owded

a n d v n a n d n cotta ges wea i g sheds , a people half starvi g ,

a n d soon to be driven fran ti c by the in troduction of

m i n hi i n n run n ach ery , w ch , if the lo g it adva ced the

n n m i terests of trade , for the prese t at least , see ed to

n n n men n n n i n those ig ora t , famishi g as mea i g oth g

but death . After the kin dly courtesy a n d deferen ce

di r u u n splayed to thei s periors by the r ral peasa try , the

u u n n n m n n D w ri s mu br sq e , i depe de t a er of the e sba a n st m have co e as a grea t shock to Bron te . He must have

looked back on the smili n g coun try aroun d Weth er sﬁ eld

t n a mi n n wi h regret , whe pl ced a d the un co ge ial

surr u n n On di gs Of Dewsbury . How differen t the co trast 1 THE 6 BRONTE COUNTRY . between town a n d coun tr y n owadays " I n place Of the farmers

R a i n ol n a r sts of w e p g g de h ve hea t,

At the or kn ows w a t er r L d h p qua rte , a n d the farm labour er feelin g rich on ten shi llin gs a

wi n a n d n r n week , th ple ty to eat dri k, we have a despai i g

r u m un u l ag ic ltural co m ity , a grad a ly pauperi sed aris toc ra c a n d n n u n n ff y, a co ti al drai i g o by emigration of

n the best blood of the ation . On the other han d the man ufacturer a n d the operative live on the fa t of the

n a n d r i s i n la d , thei prosperity great pa rt due to th e very

u h m r a n d n ca se w ich akes the fa mer the lan dow er poor ,

d . n viz . , free tra e The very thi g which the madden ed,

uff n n s eri g operatives dreaded, viz . , the i tr oduction of m n n n i n achi ery, has bee their salvatio the en d. Thus

W i r Of ti n does the h ligig me work its reve ges .

The Dewsbury of to -day is by n o mean s a n attractive

n u i n a ll tow . It is sit ated great part , at least the

u n s m i n n b si e s pre ises , the vale of Calder , at a poi t

n where the Batley Beck joi s the main stream . The

n f n in n u n reside tia l pa rt O the tow , as it does the eighbo ri g

u t u a m boro gh of Ba ley , seems to grad lly leave the s oke a n d machin ery below it i n the valley a n d recede more TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 17

a n d more to the top of the emi n en ces n early i n vestin g

l n di this , the capital of the heavy woo le strict . We a r e

always remin ded of Jer usalem with its surroun din g

il n n u n h ls , whe we look dow po Dewsbury with i ts

n r n i ffs e ci cli g grdle of sterile cli , the result of much

quar ryin g a n d railway makin g .

What a con tr ast does thi s vale of Calder n ow presen t to what it did i n the times of the Roman s " The n ow

dr sun - - a n n n y, baked , smoke st i ed ba ks , almost e tir ely

tu Of r n n desti te t ees , were the clothed with a n impe e

tra bl a n d z e forest of oak, birch ha el , the very

" in n m r river (Calder ) tak g its ame fro this latter t ee .

Only small patches of cultivated lan d were to be seen

n a n d a ywhere , they were exposed to the attacks of

l a n d . c n in wild deer , catt e boars The pla e ames

thi s distr ict show what was the character of the

u un n un . u n m n s rro di g co try S ch a es as Oake shaw,

r n n Thomhill a n d Bi ke shaw , Heckmo dwike , Liversedge ,

ld n n u a n d Mi rﬁe , have all a sylva ri g abo t them , speak

n m a n d n of the time whe all was forest , oor marsh ; whe ,

” i n “ n as Char lotte Bron te says Shirley , it was a regio

n n hl n s whose lowla ds were all sylva chase , as its hig a d

- T l r fr m dwr B. wa ter a n d c a ll B. a a l. he ha ze wa te , o , ( ) , , ( ) h ze C 18 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

- were breast deep heather . That there were certain

r xi n n m H olli n r o d oads e sti g , the a es of y , Boothroyd ,

Br ookro d Nun ro d oa n ro d a ll . y , y , J y , go to prove The

Roman s ha d a vicin al way passin g n ear Dewsbury

f r o the use of civilian s . Fr om remain s foun d at

u G m a n d s n Dewsb ry , o ersal East Ard ley , it is evide t that

hi f a n d n n t s led rom the ﬁfth eighth Iter , ear Po tefract ,

a n d r a n a n by way of Ossett, Dewsbury d Kirklees

C a mbodun um c n th e to (Sla k) , where it joi ed great

mi li tary road from Eboracum (York) to M a n c un i um

n o m ( Ma chester) , which f llowed the Calder valley for so e

n distan ce a n d the proceeded over the moun tain s . We

” n s r a n d n have the ame Ossett St eet Side , Lo g

” u i n ur h c n u Ca seway Dewsb y , w i h poi t to this ro te as

on s m n m e bein g the probable e ; al o a Ro a ca p at Kirkle s ,

m n u which was a mere temporary station . The Ro a s m st

have had a hard task before them in con str uctin g these

i n -m un n u won derful highways this semi o tai o s , forest

m s . u clad , swa py di trict They little tho ght that these

impen etrable forests through which they slowly worked

n a n d u their way, with di t of axe , mattock , spade , wo ld

n n un tr O e day be almost cleared away , leavi g the co y

n s n exposed , the dwelli g bare to every wi d that blows ,

20 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

little islan d will ﬁn d that n atu re has taken its own

n n reve ge , that existe ce for an imals i s impossible

u n ul n a n d then witho t ple tif vegetatio , , ever too late to

m m t n t n re edy at ers , a wholesale pla i g will take place .

“ If the three acres a n d a cow movemen t should become

more popular it will have the effect Of producin g a

u n r un a n st rdy peasa try , the pride of thei co try , d of

retain i n g i n cultivation man y plots of lan d whi ch might

u m - n otherwise be occ pied by great , s oke belchi g mills ,

or rows of un sightly cottages .

m n i n n a n A little settle e t a gree v lley , lay the an cie t

u n n . ul n u Dewsb ry (the tow by the water) , whe St Pa i s i came preachin g n this veritable wildern ess . The Old

n cleric s ge erally chose a well sheltered , fertile hollow for

m ll un n their settle en ts . Look at Kirklees , Kirksta , Fo tai s ,

im n i n Jer va ulx a n d Rivers . Baptism by mersio

n d n n m n the Calder , a the dispe satio of the Sacra e t

D . 62 . n ot our were carried out by him i n A . 7 It is

n n u place here to speak of the a cie t cross at Dewsb ry ,

n n n n u n u P r aedi c a vit with its well k ow i scriptio , Pa li sHic

A D . 62 n et C elebr a vit, . 7 There have bee at least

n D 62 three crosses of this descriptio sin ce A . . 7 It i s s upposed that a Roman temple ma y have existed TH 21 E BRONTE COUNTRY .

here prior to the visit of the Primal Bishop of York , but n ot t in n i n whether that is so or , cer a Saxo rema s

n u h Show that there was a Saxo ch rch of wood, w ich

D us eri was probably destroyed by the Dan es . e b a

n n in m te m is me tio ed Do esday Book . Shortly af r the c o

leti on m n n p of this vast work , the a or was gra ted , by the

n li n i n hi s u n Ki g , to Wil am, Earl of Warre , who t r ,

u r A .D . 1 120 bestowed the ch rch on the P iory of Lewes , , a n d I n 1348 n n appropriated to it . , it was give by the Ki g

n t n e . a m to his chapel of St . Stephe , Wes mi st r It bec e

~ V r in 134 . di s luti on the r n a ica age 9 At the so , pat o age

m n n . passed to the Crown , where it has re ai ed ever si ce

The origin al parish Of Dewsbury is said to have ha d a n 400 a n d to n u n area of miles , have i cl ded the moder

r s Thomhill Mir ﬁeld u n m n u pa i hes of , , Kirkb rto , Al o db ry ,

k n u s d a n d l f Kir heato , H dder ﬁel , Br dford a Ha i ax , some

m t u i . of which still pay tithe to the o her ch rch , v z ,

i r on u Al n ur K r ur n K kheat , H ddersﬁeld , mo db y , i kb to ,

f a n d n th e n n u un n Brad ord Thor hill , total a al amo t bei g

£1 1 5s . 6d .

n u n ow i n i n nl The prese t ch rch , process of restorat o , o y

fa r 1 66- u n v da tes back as as 7 7 . Vario s alteratio s ha e

n m t ta ken place sin ce that time . The restoratio is of a os 22 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

n i n complete a n d tasteful character . It was comme ced

1 4 m - n n ew a n 88 , when the co er sto e of the ch cel was laid

’ r m n n by Mrs . John Wo ald of Rave s Lodge . Si ce that

im n e n ui n n h t e , a w chan cel has bee b lt , also tra septs , ort a n d u m ni n a n d n so th porches , or g chapel , vestries orga

Of u u sub chamber, at a cost abo t raised by p blic

n . n m 80th 1 n ew n wa s scriptio O Septe ber , 887 , this portio

n r n n co secrated by Bishop Ca pe ter of Ripo , who preached a n eloquen t discourse on The Power of Human K in d ~

” n ose. n l un The a ve wi l also be improved, the sightly

" n ew ﬂ rs n d n . galleries removed , Oo a oak pews bei g added

AS we have n o in ten tion of givin g wearisome an ti

ua ri a n l n o n n q details , wewil w leave the co sideratio of the in terestin g origin of this an cien t parish a n d take up th e

n h n l n ext eve t w ich is worth recordi g, especia ly i n

c n n n our u . i n f o ectio with s bject, viz , the establ shme t O

un i n 1 n S day schools at Dewsbury 788. The Eva gelical

Revival of the Wesleys wa s at thi s period deeply sti rri n g

ur n n d h of u n the Ch ch of E gla d , a n t e vicar Dewsb rywas o

n n a . T n exceptio to the ge er l body of the clergy hi gs had ,

r t n i n r p ior to his time , bee a ve y sleepy state throughout

re-o ni n f th e n a v h a s ta n l The pe gO e ke p a c e si n c e the MS . wa s n se t to the press.

" H E 2 T BRONTE COUN TRY . 5

in n Of the churches Of Great Brita . We are remi ded a

n e a n d Scotch parish mi ist r who was a decided Moderate ,

ofwhom it was curren tly reported that durin g all hi s life

n n he had n ever wr itte more than thr ee sermo s , which

u i n t n he sed n rotatio , bu Ofte altered the texts . This

- o h n wa s u n . N on n s rt of t i g q ite commo reside ce ,

w n i n ull s . plura lities , the sale of advo so s, were all f bla t

u un n n o -a The ch rches had s k i to a lethargy which , w

u n u n days , it is q ite impossible to co ceive of. S dde ly,

m n u u u f as if by agic , the pe d l m of ch rch li e , which after

the sudden kickn of the beam i n the time of the

un l w n un dl Protectorate had s k o i deed, was expecte y

u to n e f n n f un ro sed a w li e . The i structio O the yo g,

n n n n a n d prayer meeti gs , a d co ve ticles of all sorts

n n . descriptio s, were ow the Order of the day The

. vi Rev Matthew Powley , c ar of Dewsbury , secured a s

u in 1 un ma n - his c rate 779 , a yo g n of twe ty two yea rs

n of age , who was highly recomme ded by tha t sain tly

ma n . nr n n o n , the Rev He y Ve , rect r of Yelli g , i n

un n n v H ti gdo shire , after wa r ds icar of Huddersﬁeld .

t s r This was the af erwar d celeb a ted Rev. Ha mmon d

n h if Roberso , of w ose l e we shall herea fter give a shor t

s c . u m i n a ket h At Dewsb ry he re a ed for ni n e ye rs , a n d 2 E 6 TH E BRONT COUNTRY .

ur in un l d g his curacy, S day schoo s were established

i n the here 1788. These are claimed as ﬁrst Sun day

h n f T n df n ni n m sc ools orth O the re t ; Bra ord , Ma gha ,

a n d ur a ll Catterick , Tadcaster Horb y lay claim to

b t n n u u priority , u what is co te ded by Dewsb ry Ch rch

u n n e people is , that Dewsb ry school is the o ly o of these

n u ear ly ve t res which is n ow in existen ce . The others

i n m n were private classes ost part . The o e at Bradford

’ s i n 1 8 n i wa started 77 , seve years before Robert Ra kes

n u u n i a g ratio Of the movemen t .

The Dewsbur y Sun day schools were foun ded quite

’ n in depen den tly of Robert Raikes scheme . Roberso

n the n t u taught the childre , to umber of hree or fo r

i n n n Of hun dred , cottages , the te a ts which were paid on e Shillin g per Sun da y for the u se of their rooms . At

im un n n -ﬁ hti n a n d u - n this t e dr ke ess , dog g g, b ll baiti g were common amusemen ts amon g the han d -loom

- . n tr u n weavers Roberso ied to stOp the b ll baiti g , a n d summon ed the prin cipal Offen ders to th e cou rt

u c t a n d at Wakeﬁeld. The magistr ates ref sed to a ,

n di smissed the case . About thi s time the West Ridi g

i u ll n m n n magistrac y a cted n a most p si a imou s a er .

e . i n f u di . h .g, the ca se O the L d te rioters W at the

2 8 TH E R RON TE COUNTRY.

n e i n r be eﬁt of the Sun day sc hools . We a r fo med the performan ce gave satisfaction to the most gen teel

I n a n d crowded a udien ce ever kn own i n the town .

’ 1 80 a n in u 7 , immedi tely before Bro te s arrival Dewsb ry , a grea t Sun day school an n iversary was held i n a

’ i n A a i l n . H a llile room lda m M l , le t by Mr y, whose

D ewsbur y C jl ur ejl 8 un da gS ejl ool C e e r M eda l n t n a y .

da ughter Rachel afterwards became the wife of the

. n u n Rev Joh B ckworth , who was prese ted to the livin g i n r tha t yea . The H a lliley family ﬁgure in Shirley

a n e as the Sykes f mily, o of whom after war ds

. . Swea ti n m married the Rev Mr g, a ember of the

m u . I n un 1 880 u i mortal trio of c rates J e , , the Dewsb ry

celebration of the cen ten ary of Sun day schools took THE R N TE O R O C UNTRY . 29

n a me n place , whe schol rs t at Crow Fla ts . A

. n ta i n c li ﬁ e n Mrs Wharto , of S , who atte ded the

Dewsbury Sun day school before the en d of last

n u u un ce t ry , was still alive , altho gh able to be presen t .

I n 1888 u n n r Dewsb ry held a special ce te a y for itself, a n d on n u Of that occasio a medal was str ck , which

n on eﬁi i es we give a facsimile , beari g it g of the

n n d . Rev . Joh Buckworth a the Rev Hammon d

n un n Roberso . Such wa s the fo datio of Sun day sc hools in r a n d u Yorkshi e , this s bject provided Char lotte

Bron te with a con siderable amoun t of materia l for her

” realistic n ovel of Shirley .

I n 1788 m n n n hi s u Ha mo d Roberso resig ed c racy ,

d u hi n ui a n took p s reside ce at Sq rrel Hall , Dewsbury

r - n n u Moor, a comfo table looki g sto e ho se , with brick

n n u a m. cottage adjoi i g , which he sed s a schoolroo

" a n d c Here he was married , his areer as a teacher was

’ s u on e I n 5 u a most su cce sf l . 179 , he p rchased Heald s

s a n d e al Hall , Liver edge , aft r his remov thither, where

n hi m u u wa s he still carried o s school ost s ccessf lly , he

H i s wif wa s a i ss As wort a n a ti of i l r som a n d e M h h , ve G de e, B i s s a t wa s so n r a t her c on ti n ui n a a pti st. I t a i d th he e a ged g, to r i to a Ba ti st c a l t a t s ot h er a lfr a fter ma rri a ge , de p h pe , h he h p ey , l r n r h so a s to c ompe h e to a tte d c hu c . T 80 H E BRONTE COUNTRY .

n n -c um- n prese ted to the livi g of Hartshea d Clifto , two

a m s u u m hi s n h let , sit ated abo t two iles from reside ce .

ll hi m a n d sum Here we wi leave , will re e the thread

of his self- sa c r iﬁ c i n g a n d even tful li fe when we are

n r n s d a n d r s co side i g Liver e ge Ha t head , both of which

8 uir r el H a ll Dewsbur M oor . q , y

’ a re n ma n n e t th e B n e or i ti tely co cted wi h ro t s , directly

n l i direct y .

m n n a n u e a n d Dewsbury ha s an y i teresti g tiq iti s ,

ma n y old cu stoms still lin ger abou t i ts famou s church .

’ ” n n “ th i s u n on For i sta ce , e Devil s Bell r g Christmas

i n v en u Eve , the belief that the De il died wh the Savio r TH E ON O BR TE C UNTRY . 81

h m Of t e W orld was born . So e Shrovetide customs a r e

“ u . i n n ln ir very pec liar At Caistor, Li co sh e , the Pan cake

- n 1 1 0 a .m. a n d n Bell ri gs at , the pa rso kicks Off a

a l . s wi n a re r footb l The hop dows ba ricaded, a n d a

- ul a . un i n ir reg ar set to t kes place At D s , Berwicksh e , the

’ ’ n on P n E en u Lord of the Ma or , aster s (Shrove T esday)

ou n - throws t a large ha d ball , with which the married

a n d n men Of n en on e si gle the parish co t d , the to lodge

i n u th e it the parish ch rch , others to take it to the

n c ommill i s t t out earest , which a leas a mile of the

burgh ; Shops are closed a n d a tremen dous tu ssle takes m . ur n u place At Dewsb y, a more extraordi ary c sto still

prevails ; when the Pa n cake Bell is run g the children

m n Ol n w u e of the parish asse ble ear the d Vicarage , o s d

a s n u n te the Church I stit te , to see if a sto e dog erec d

n n l above th e wester gable will come dow . The be ls of

c n this hurch are oted for their sweetn ess . d m Dewsbury has advan ced by leaps a n boun ds . Fro a small town it has grown in to a great man ufa cturin g

en a n n d c tre . New d han dsome buildin gs have bee a n

n n e n m are bei g erected, such as the w I ﬁr ary, the

a n d wn a . r estora Co operative Stores , the To H ll The tion Of the parish church i s a worthy work for the 82 TH E O E CO T BR NT UN RY .

u . I n 1 862 n n J bilee year the tow was i corporated , a n d for the in terest Of an ti quar ian s we n ow add a description of the arms as seen on the civic seal ; a strikin g example of the skilfu l combin ation of the a n n a n d m cie t the mode . The design er Of this seal

n n n was , rather stra ge to relate , a oted a tiquary ,

. . . n f u Of Mr F A Leyla d, of Hali ax , the a thor The

” n m l a n i n um Bro te Fa i y , able work , two vol es , more particularly addressed to the task of assign in g to

Bran well Bron te his proper position as a poet i n the

n our m n n Of n w ra ks of i or so s so g , of hich , however, more an on . The full description of the seal i s as follows

i c a a t r -s a s i l tw n ot i c tr a c r w r Dev e, he e h ped h e d be ee G h e y o k .

shi l i s c u a n d a ur the Ar ms of the E rls of The e d heq e , z e ( a

a rr n c a r wi t th e ori i n a l a on w l c r o s s l n W e ) , h ged h g S x hee s , a p a ted

— > t. uli n u s n d c ri i n h mo t A L H I by S Pa , a des bed t e t o 1 U I N US O :

P BE D I C AVI T E T C E LE BR AVI T A .D . 627 a uli n us r a c a n d , (P p e hed

i r r m mi n ste th e a c a n t r A . D . 62 r o r A the a d ed S e he e, 7) p pe . bove

hi l i s r s i n wr r ﬂ s e d a c e t a ea th, a sheep o eec e a r gen t ha n gi n g

m lo r r h r o a c u o wi t t e Blu r oss of St. E w r th e f d p pe , h e C d a d

C on fessor a s a diﬂeren c e. I n ba se a r ibbon wi th motto D E US N OSTE R R E F UGI UM E T VI R T US (G od our Refuge a n d

tr n t n i n la c letter z— i i llum o e i S e g h) , Lege d b k S g C mmun E nu dpium

" ti c u i gensbu s s.

We n ow return to the origi n al subjec t un der

n n r n . n co sideratio , Pat ick Bro te Whe he came to T TH E R R ON E COUNTRY . 88

in 1 0 i n he Dewsbury 8 9 , he lived with the vicar t

a n un n u - ui n n r Vicarage , prete tio s ivy covered b ldi g ea

u n ow u a s ur ur h the ch rch , sed the Dewsb y Ch c

In stitu te .

n i s m n s Mr . Bro te still reme bered by aged perso

n i n - n reside t the parish as a tall , large bo ed Celt ,

al a n d stron g a n d sin ewy . He t ked preached with

r n but u o a ma ked Irish acce t , Dewsb ry pe ple were

r u w accustomed to this , for I ish c rates ere frequen t .

H i s dress in those days mu st have excited much

m m n . son a u se e t A true of Ulster , he wore a blu e

Ii n en c n kn T fro k coat reachi g below the ee , a n d

n i n n ge erally carried a shillelah his ha d , grasped by

mi dl i n n n the d e real Hiber ia fashion . His diet wa s

a n n u of exceedi gly fr gal n ature. He lived largely on

’ i a n d oatmeal porr dge , he had a week s dumplin gs

m on e a n d n um on e H ade at time co s ed every day . e

wa s n n n i n n f oted for his wi g way with childre , a n d or

' stiﬁ m n n n on vea na: r i c his a er with the hes . NO doubt

these latter in ten ded to marry their daughters to hi m

’ ul but t s if they co d , Pa rick heart was i n sleepy

h d r He a sepa a te a pa rtmen ts. ” i n n fa c tori s a r om n n r 1 L e e e c mo ea r Agh a de g. 84 TH E R R ONTE COUNTR Y .

Wether sﬁ eld a n d Of n o , the damsels Calderdale had a r a n tt acti on s for him . Not that he was morose d

un a a s u n a n d n r n n soci ble , far from that , he w ﬂ e t e te tai i g i n n n a n d un t u u co versatio , der the s im l s of a glass of

a s wi n e could rattle on apace . With the poor he w a

u a n n ul great favo rite , d he held cottage meeti gs reg arly

‘ f m . n hi h t n d u u a on g them. He was oted for s o a impet o s

n sa w wr n n a n d temper , especially whe he o g do e , it wa s only the exercise of a resolu te will that at times

” n u e preve ted a n outburst . He was a great favo rit of

’ . Buc kworth s n i s i n u Mr , whose ame revered Dewsb ry

n d n a s n n i n to this day , a whe the vicar w o ce abse t

’ al t c mu a n d se arch of he h , Patri k s se awoke he addressed

s m th e . B hi h ll o e verses , to Rev J w c wi be

m n i n foun d i n Cottage Poems . This co positio is

a n i n n u hi s l his poorest style , d o way comes p to ater

on u n ll w un poem the Er ptio of Crow Hi Bog , here co try

n if a n d i n r a r hi sce es , an imal l e , the S g s of the weathe e t

Off n a n d al t ma n Of to a icety , reve , at leas , a great

n if n ot r u . Observatio , a t e poet

a n n e Of r n M y a ecdot s are recorded Pat ick Bro te ,

r of n n th ee which are worth arratio . The ﬁrst of

’ i n these we Shall gi ve n Mr . Yates ow words ; a n d here

TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 87 we would again a ckn owledge our Obligation s to this

n n n . ge tlema , who , alo g with the vicar , the Rev Thomas

u n u s n m Whitby , has f r ished with the most of the i for

ation regardin g the Dewsbury curac y Of the father of

n : On on e n the Bro tes . Mr . Yates says occasio his

u u w n q ick temper displayed itself p blicly , yet o for him the admiration Of those on whose beha lf it wa s

- r u . on u 1810 i n a o sed It was Whit T esday , , the ch ldre

u un a o d n of the Parish Ch rch S d y Scho l, accor i g to

h a n n n u u s m i n n to w at was a al c to , walked processio

E a rlshea ton wa s l kn n , there to have , what loca ly ow

n a n u a s The Si g , which mo g ch rch people , at all

n n i th e . s eve ts , was a great eve t n village As the scholar

c n u a l a n d u ma n n were ma r hi g p , a t l l sty , seei g them

n m i n he approach , deliberately pla ted hi self t ir path

a n d ul n ot m a n n . . n n wo d ove i ch Mr Bro te seei g this ,

u u a n d u l . walked q ickly p , , witho t a word , seized the fe low

a n d on e ff un by the collar , by e ort ﬂ g him across the

’ o a n e n n r ad, d then walk d by the processio to the Tow s

n if n n u u ha d ha n n Gree as othi g n sua l ppe ed , leavi g

” i a n the obstruct on ist agape with surprise . Such o ur n ma e t u u a ir i n cc re ce , as y be exp c ed , ca sed q ite st

i c u he Of the d strict , a n d the Irish ra te was t hero 8 TH E 8 BRONTE COUNTRY .

i n n h the hour . This cide t a s been made use Of by

tt i n h n n Charlo e her S irley , where Parso Helsto e

a n n precipitates obstructi g dissen ter in to the ditch .

Helston e is Bron te i n n early all the traits of hi s

a ut n char cter , b the ideal prese tation is our Old fr ien d

Hammon d Roberson .

An other story of Bron te illu strates his person a l

u u n n co rage , a q ality which was ha ded dow to every m Of hi s l r u h a s ember fami y, for a more daun tless g o p

- n r . u n n 1 809 1 0 bee arely heard of D ri g the wi ter of , he wa s walkin g by the side of the Calder n ear

u n O a n m l us Dewsb ry , whe he bserved a boy , i beci e , p hed

n n n l i n n either i te tio a ly or acc de tally i to the river , which

i n on e hi s n n . n e was ﬂood , by of compa io s He at o c

u in o n a n d u un j mped t the roari g water, tho gh able

' to u n n u swim , s cceeded , after bei g carried dow abo t

n r in n in la n d. n twe ty ya ds , bri g g the lad to He the took the half-drown ed little fellow i n hi s arms to his

’ t r n a n off As mo her s house at D a wgee , some di st ce .

n m n i n hi s n he was hurryi g ho e , shiveri g drippi g

d a n d te nl . clothes , he met the other la s chid them s r y

The c alibre of the ma n is brought out in the n ext

- n n i on the story . Previous to a bell ri gi g competit , TH E BRON TE COUNTRY . 89

n u u h n ri gers at Dewsb ry Ch rc , bei g badly prepared ,

on e un n n t s v s n late S day eve i g, af er er ice , a to ished the

n n n i n i habita ts who were resti g the cool of the day ,

u n n out l n n di n by s dde ly clashi g a merry pea , i te g

’ n to pu t i n a n hour s practice . Bro te was perfectly

n hi rm n a n d horriﬁed at the irrevere ce of t s perfo a ce ,

u d i n n m V r r she , shillelah ha d , fro the ica age where

wa s m n n t u Of he cal i g his brai af er the labo rs the day , u n n u c p the belfry steps , at o ce stopped the e th siasti

m n a n d a d n n u on ca pa ologists , ” mi istered a ster reb ke ,

n a n un n the levity of their co duct . We c easily dersta d how u u hl n u t a c rate of s ch at etic si ew , of s ch lof y

u e u n a n d u u co rag , of s ch high pri ciple tr e piety wo ld

vile become a great power i n the parish . We feel pri ged i n bein g able to brin g to light thi s in formati on regardi n g the ear ly life of a ma n who has been if n ot grossly mal n n m u n ig ed , at least e tirely is derstood by several

of the biographers of the Bron tes . ‘ ‘ C MZX P I E R I I .

AR TSH E AD i a a , to wh ch P trick w s

n ul 2 h 1 1 . prese ted J y ot , 8 0, by the Rev

n u u i s Joh B ckworth , vicar of Dewsb ry ,

a small hamlet situ ated on a comman di n g

n n n u emi e ce overlooki g Calderdale , abo t

f u m s n o r iles west of Dewsbury . Hartshead ha ow

n bu u m en bee created a parish , t p till a co paratively rec t

elr s r date , it was a chap y i n the parish Of Dew bu y,

t n n n the gif of the livi g bei g , as it is at the prese t day ,

i n n the ha ds Of the vicar Of Dewsbury .

n n m n o n e Whe Bro te ca e here , there was parso ag

u ut u hi s m l u ho se , so he p p , after arriage , at a ta l ho se

u n i n n n ur n at the top of Clo gh La e , Hightow , a eighbo i g

u un hamlet i n the parish of Birstall . N O do bt all ro d

this comman din g height the eye could ran ge for man y

l n O n a n d e mi es over a pe , well wooded well water d

44 TH T T E BRON E COUN RY.

r u d Ha tshead Ch rch , de icated to St . Peter , with i ts

a - n ma n d we ther beate Nor tower, a n its old yew tree

u is well worth a caref l stu dy . When the secon d Earl of Warren gran ted the livin g Of Dewsbury to the priory

Of u n i n n Lewes , this ch rch was the existe ce , that is ,

u 1 120 . n r u u abo t It has bee estored q ite recen tly , b t it still retain s its Norman characteristics i n a strikin g

m n n . w n d n u n a er Its door ay a cha cel arch , altho gh ot s l rn u Adel l o high y ado ed as the ch rch at , are we l

n worthy of in spectio . The old can delabrum of brass

u n m n the n s spe ded fro the ceili g , ﬁ ely carved reredos , a n d the quain t stain ed win dows i n great part erected to c ommemorate members of the Armytage fami ly

’

u n n t n . m a e b ried here , all take o e s atte io The Ar yt g

w an n d vault ith their crest , a h d graspi g a agger,

d m t u n i n oo a n the ot o Semper parat s , is see the ﬂ r

’ I n r n n u of the church . the vest y , Patrick Bro te s mi te sign ature c a n be in spected i n the register books which date back as far as 161 2.

n i n n i n The churchyard has oth g very otable it .

The Oldest ston e is on e to the memory of the Hi lleley

f f t n a n d 1 14 . On e h a r i n amily O Clif o , bears the date 6 e g date 1756 has the followi n g qu ain t in scription

T 4 HE BRONTE COUNTRY . 7

o n nl a ﬁ l : n J h Fea r ey, wh o di ed t Wa ke e d o

a r c 2 th 1 5 86 a rs . M h 7 , 7 6, a ged ye

Wa s orn a t lifton a n d a s a a r s b C , ppe , I n i r l e l n n s K k e s fa mi y li ved seve tee yea r , a t t a t la c h a d s n a ron ts s en He h p e eve b e e , ‘ r i n hi s tim h a d si t n c ur a t s n He e e x ee e bee , i ﬁ t a r s a t H i town t er wa s m rri L ved f y ye gh , h e a ed, H i s ﬁrst s ous wa s a t Bir sta ll uri e p ed b ed, a r to th e ot r two r i s la i Ne he he he e d, a i tin th e r surr i n Of h W g e ec t o t e dea d.

Amon g the curiosities of this uplan d village are the

m n u r l re ai s of the stocks , close to the ch rchya d wa l

n n sh u u o the highway . A a tree grew for abo t a q arter

- of a cen tury atop of the weather worn c hurch tower .

’ a n f n u n n n The rem i s O a ge i e Saxo cross , styled Walto s

he w n Cross , are to be seen by t high ay Side leadi g to

n i s n n ow the commo . The base o ly observable .

Presumably this structure wa s i n existen ce prior to the foun di n gOf the church .

r n n on n um n The Rev. Pat ick Bro te e tered his i c be cy

n u 2oth 1810 . m n e d here o J ly , He re ai d at Hartshea

u n m m d for ﬁve years , d ri g which ti e he beca e deserve ly

u a r a mu so n he pop l as a pre cher , so ch that whe

n . m i n n n u n excha ged with the Rev Tho as Atk so , i c mbe t

Of n n n u n Thor to , the Hightow folks sed Ofte to wa lk

on un ld over a S day to hear their O clergyman preac h .

n c um n I be ts . 4 O T 8 TH E BR N E COUNTRY .

Mrs . Gaskell tells u s that durin g his stay here he

u i n n m u was rep ted as be g a very ha dso e fellow , f ll of

’ r n u a n d i m n f m n I ish e th siasm , w th so ethi g O a n Irish a s

f i n n capability O fallin g easily love . Duri g his

n um n m i n 181 2 r a n i c be cy here he arried , , Ma ia Br well ,

f n i s n daughter O a Pen za ce trader . It ot the aim of

81 Mie a el M ou C o r n wa ll. ; B s n t, this work to dwell on the biography Of this much written

u i n abo t fam ly . Whether he behaved well to Miss Bra well

n ot a r e n ot u l a n n n bu t or , we q a iﬁed to give opi io , the fact rema in s that they were married i n the en d m m D c 1 812 . l n of e e ber , The fo lowi g is a copy fro

u u n the register books of G iseley Ch rch , ear Leeds , wher e the ceremon y took plac e T T THE BRON E COUN RY . 49

The Reveren d Pa tri c k Br on te (Mi n i ster of Ha rtshea d -c um

li ft n f th e ri s Of Bi rsta ll a n d a ri a Bra n w ll of t i s C o ) o Pa h , M e , h

a ri s s i n st r w r ma rri i n t i s urc li c n s thi s P h, p e , e e ed h Ch h by e e ,

w n t -ni n t d of c em r i n th e a r On e ousa n E i t T e y h a y De be , ye Th d gh

un r a n d w l H d ed T e ve ,

B me R GAN Oﬂ . i ni st r . y , W . MO , g M e

ATR I C BR ON TE P K , Thi s ma rn a ge wa s solemmsed between MAR I A B

N E N N E JOH F , I n th e presen c e of LL E E T AR T LI Z AB H M ON .

’ Bra n well s u n u n n Miss co si , the da ghter of Mr. Fe ell ,

on m n was married the sa e day , by the Rev . P . Bro te ,

n to the Rev . W . Morga , at this time curate of Bradford

u a n d n u n Parish Ch rch , afterwards i c mbe t of Christ

’ u df . u n n m Ch rch , Bra ord Thro gh Bro te s i ti acy with

an a n u n n Mr . Morg , he was led to acq ai ta ce with Miss

a n n on un . n n Br well , the a visit to her cle , Mr Fe ell , a n d thu s the clerical fri en ds marr ied the two cou sin s

u . n n n who from the ho se of Mr Joh Fe ell, at this time was head master a n d govern or of Woodhouse Grove

n a n d a ls School , ear Apperley Bridge , o a local preac her

n un der the Wesleya body . He a fter wards became a

n u n n clergyma of the Ch rch of E gla d , a n d died at

C rosston es V n n icarage , ear Todmorde . Hi s wife wa s

’ s . Br on té s t si ter to Mrs fa her. Her n ame was Jan e

Bran well . 50 TH E O E C BR NT OUNTRY .

u u e G iseley Ch rch , wh re the paren ts of the immortal

n i n m n sisters were joi ed holy atrimo y , is worthy of n ote

i n n passi g . The church bea rs tr aces Of both Saxon

a n d n n but Norma origi , the greater portion of the

u n i n Of b ildi g is the style the time Of Henr y III .

T n Of u n l he Rawdo s that ilk are b ried withi its wa ls .

u a n d b The ch rch was restored ea utiﬁ ed i n 1862 . I n

the registers are to be seen en tr ies referrin g to an cestors

Of n the poet Lo gfellow , whose forbears were n a tives

of this part of Yorkshire . We ﬁ n d the followin g

1 666 . 4th La in fellow Bor ela n , Dec , William g of e,

- u . 1 06 . 2n d . son n n b ried 7 7 Feb , Wm of Joh Lo gfellow

a n e u . of C wla , b ried

We have li ttle in formation regardin gPatrick Bron te

durin g his in cumben cy at Hartshead . We are told

n u r u n hi s t on excelle t a tho ity, that d ri g stay here , af er

m a s i n ta Of un his arriage , he w a s te great impec iosity,

s n a lthough Mrs . Ga kell seems to imagi e that he m was very co fortably situated . Here his two eldest

u a n d z b rn . da ghters , Maria Eli abeth were o

On e Of the older residen ts Of Hi ghtown remember s

Patr ick comin g to their hou se durin g his in cumben cy at

u t Hartshead to read the Leeds Merc ry, which , at hat

52 TH E O E CO BR NT UNTRY.

she ut n a n character , which p i to the body d clothed

u s m n f n with the o t ide habili e ts O an other ma . Du rin g

’ c n um n th u Patri k s i c be cy at Hartshead , e L ddite riots

in u wi n a n d were f ll s g , we are told he acquired the

n rm u m n d n habit of carryi g ﬁrea s abo t this ti e , a o

u n O n do bt whe rector of Haworth , fte recoun ted hi s

m n s n c a n dmi i n Of u re i i ce es to a r g circle yo thful fac es .

o a s mm n n wa s n H wever , Ha o d Roberso a oted ﬁgure

i n s t u n c n u thi dis rict d ri g the early years of this e t ry ,

it i s n ot out of place to give a short biographical sketc h

of a ma n who did more than an yon e in hi s day for

u u i n i the ca se of the Ch rch West Yorksh re .

m n n wa s n n i n Ham o d Roberso bor at Cawsto , a villa ge

on u 5th 1 5 . wa s s n f Norfolk , Febr ary , 7 7 He the o o

n n m n . u a n ur n He ryRoberso , a yeo a Ed c ted by a eighbo i g

c a s u Of u s vi ar , he w , thro gh the liberality a pio

n n on n mercha t , e tered the books of Magdale College ,

m di n ui s m n Ca bridge , where he sti g hed hi self by appeari g i n em c a n d wa s t the Math ati al Prize Tripos , elec ed m Hi Fellow of hi s college i n the sa e year . s career at

a n d hi s mi n to Dewsbury we have already traced , co g

’ i n en a l . Heald s Hall , Liversedge , the Sp v ley While

n t m u r u r ridi g to Har shead fro Sq i rel Hall , Dewsb y 58 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

d n te s n n Moor , where he resi ed for seve years af r re ig i g

u a u he u a n the c r cy of Dewsb ry , was str ck by the w t

Of a church in the populou s di strict comprisin g

m n i a n d a n d u Heck o dw ke Liversedge , with the irreligio s c I haracter of the in habitan ts . n hi s early struggles as a c a r e m h tea her , we told , he ade a vow t at if ever he

c a m m u u u be e oderately wealthy , he wo ld b ild a ch rch

’ - a s n Off n . t m n a n a tha k eri g Af er a y years te chi g , both

’ a t u a n d Sq irrel Hall Heald s Hall , where he had u n u n n f - li der t itio the so s O several high class fami es , he a ui m e m n a n d n set u cq red a oderat co pete ce , at o ce abo t

n ff gettin g the main desig of his life carried in to e ect .

un d n n s i n 1812 The fo atio sto e wa laid December , , by

. Of . the Rev . W . M Heald , vicar the parish (Birstall)

a m wa s u a t w n A p phlet iss ed shortly f er ards , e titled

“ An Accoun t Of the Ceremon y of Layin g the Fi rst

’ S n u n ow u n i n to e of Christ s Ch rch , b ildi g Liversedge , with the Speech delivered on that occasion : By the

m . M . a . a m n s n A Rev H o d Rober o , , L te Fellow of Mag

a n d . : n Gri ﬁ th d le College , Cambri ge Leeds Pri ted by

’ n n fﬁ . E n d . S Wright , I tellige cer O ce , New St old by

H a tc ha r d n n a n d s. , Lo do , all other Bookseller

The Luddi te riots about this time were absorbin g a 54 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . la rge amou n t Of public atten tion ; a n d Liversedge wa s the scen e Of on e of the most determin ed attempts Of

mi u s v n men s m ll t these sg ided , tar i g to de troy i proper y

m ’ ’ a n d n . i n s n s s a ll achi es With a to e throw of Heald H ,

R a wfolds ma su a lay Mill , where Cartwright de ch ga llan t defen ce with a han dful of military again st a n

n m All s n ow m f . imme se ob. thi is a atter O history

n the mill - n hi s How Roberso assisted ow er , both by

n a n d n un n s m u prese ce by de o ci g the riot fro the p lpit ,

a n d what a n amoun t of obloqu y be en coun tered from

n e i s r a l set t i n the worki g class s thereby , g phica ly for h

’ k ll a n a M r s . G a s e s r cy op en i g chapters of her biogr phy

” of Charlotte Bron te ; a n d i n Shirley a ﬁctitiou s

a un f t n n i s u I n s n cco t O his i cide t to be fo n d . the pri g

of the n ext year the riots were well settled by

r the stern sen ten ces passed at York Assizes . Cartw ight

wa s ha n dsomely treated by the n eighbourin g ma n ufa c

r n ture a at the in stigation of Roberso .

In B. n Liversedge ( f , , a ﬂood) , the overﬂowi g sedgy

i s n n s n n n Of pool , ow a co iderable tow ship , co sisti g

the hamlets of Millbridge a n d Littletown i n the Spen

a n d n a n d R ober town on s . valley , Hightow , the height

The church , which wa s the ﬁrst Gothic ecclesiastical 55 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

in n n ur buildin g erected i n En glan d the prese t ce t y ,

1 1 a n d n was completed i n 8 6, co secrated by the

f on 29th u u in Ar chbishop O York , the of A g st , that

s n the n ti Of ui n year . Be ides defrayi g e re cost the b ldi g ,

Odd) Roberson also en dowed it with ﬁve acres

i l Is ver sedge C 5ur ej .

c u i s n of lan d for churchyard . The h rch a very striki g

O t u e i s on m n n mon bjec , sit at d as it a rocky e i e ce a g t he n mn f e reeki g chi eys O the Spen valley . The ediﬁc i s in t n n u n the style of the ﬁf ee th ce t ry , with tower , ave ,

S s r r n c t ll s ide ai les , cle esto y , choir , a d a rypt wi h ce

i n r n s i s for te me t . It i s a roomy buildin g . There 5 6 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

u u u little ston e car vin g about the str ct re , either o tside o r i n ff n n , but the ge eral e ect is very pleasi g to the

e e. n u n a ll n y The ge ero s do or , after expe ses were paid ,

“ wrote to a frien d as follows — From the best j u dgmen t

c a n til s v n n o I form , I am s l ol e t ; more , I have a m n m i s bitio to be . To pay y debts my highest

hi l n f r worldly ambition . There will be a s li g left o the sexton to level up my gra ve . An d there i s

v s ui n Li er edge Chur ch . N0 other style of b ldi g at a ll a u uil m n respect ble co ld be b t for the sa e mo ey ,

m n n . n on that is y opi io However , I fall dow my face

’ d en r l n us a n say the G e a Tha ksgivin g . The m ical f peal of eight bells wa s added shortly a terwards . It ma y be i n terestin g to the an tiquarian to en umerate

t . n Of wn h i n hese They were cast by Dobso , Do am ,

o n n n ur e n n . N rfolk , from ca o capt d by the E glish at Ge oa

The in scription s on the in di vidual bell s are a s follows

1 h n ( ) Fea r God a n d hon our t e Ki g. 2 Let us si n r s s un to th e or mos i ( ) g p a i e L d t h gh .

(8) Thi s pea l of bells wa s er ec ted .

4 Wm . o son oun r Nor olk 1815 . ( ) D b , f de , f , 1 m n m n a t us 815 . W . o so own a or ol Reg De , D b , D h , N f k ,

o r s n t i s hell . fec i t. (R be o ga ve h )

n w f th lovi n - i n n (6) My so g sh a ll be a l a ys O e g k d ess of the Lord . (7) These ei ght bells wer e c a st i n 1814 a n d 1 815 wi th bra ss

or dn a n c e ta ken fr om Gen oa . TH E O E O BR NT C UNTRY . 57

ur o a i m (8) D ejec tus Tyra n n u s E p L ber a ta P a x ja a n n os X X . o t ta c on v n ta a u s D ec 1 814 i s wa s a ls p a e L . (Th o ’ if Rober son s g t.)

These bells were pulled through the Spen Beck to

n men n the c hurch by stre gth of . The to e of the

n e s a n d Liversedge bells is ot d all over the di trict , they

n n n i s u c a be heard a lo g way , owi g , it s pposed , to the B rocky foun dation on which the church i s built . ut

’ n u d n en d H e Roberso s labo rs di ot here . had also

n n d s n - u n d n n i te ded to provi e a par o age ho se , a eve we t so un n n but un n far as to lay the fo datio sto e , f ds faili g,

n wa s u n a n d n - n the erectio s spe ded , for twe ty o e years

un n . en it stood ﬁ ished However , towards the d of hi s hi s f n m ff t a n life , rie ds ade a great e or , d the parson age wa s completed . After the erection Of the

ur m in u a n ch ch , he e ployed himself actively ed c tio al m un a n d da n atters , S day y schools receivi g a large

. I n 18 0 wa s o n amoun t of atten tion 8 , he app i ted

n n u n u Can on of York . Not co te t with b ildi g a ch rch

i n s a n d h mself, he i cited other to do likewise , it is stated that n o less than thi rty-ﬁ ve Of his pupils built

wa s n r um n i n churches . Near Liversedge , he i st e tal

u n R ober town buildin g ch rches at Cleckheato , , Heck

n ik a d n s i n mo dw e, n Birke haw , all Birstall parish ; 58 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

i n n u n i u whilst the eighbo ri g par sh of Dewsb ry , he wa s also the prime mover i n the erection of those at

u E a rlshea ton a n d n n n . Dewsb ry Moor , , Ha gi g Heato

u At the con secration of Dewsbury Moor Ch rch (St .

’ 0 imm di o s . u 188 e J hn ) he preached Abo t March , ,

Bew bur M r ur s g oo C 5 c 5. ately after the foun dation ston e of th e n ew Church of

St. m n w Ja es had bee laid , he rote to his brother ,

n n n He ry Roberso , ear Norwich , as follows If

u n ot u u ch rches are sef l places , I have been on e of the

s i n n greate t fools the orth , for I have spen t my

” n m a n d m n i n stre gth , ti e , o ey church buildin g .

6 TH E 0 BRONTE COUNTRY .

n n di n u n i habita ts of the strict , Roberso was looked po

v n a n d hi s n m n i s as a ile tyra t , a e , eve to this day , men tion ed with un qu aliﬁed detestation by the great

’ m Th u rt ass of the a ged n atives who remember him . o

a s n ha s i n as wicked Hammo d , become proverbial

en n di n n a n n the Sp valley , i cati g a perso of obsti ate

n un a d determi n ed charac ter . Still he did a great amo t

of good for the town ship ; but he must be leader or

n n a n d wa s u n i n u mi n n othi g else , he th s co t ally co g i to

n m colli sio with the publi c . A great deal of this a y

have been due to the fact that he h a d been brought

u un i n u n a n d n m p der territorial ﬂ e ce , the cha ge fro the

d u ul u n civil a n humble attit de of the agric t ral peasa t ,

u u un n n u u n to the boorish , br sq e bl t ess of ma fact ri g

mu n n . Yorkshire , st have bee great i deed It takes

m n men m i n a n d n a y , ak g cha ge of this extraor i ary

r - m un n h u un n cha acter , a life ti e to dersta d t eir s rro di gs

a n d the population amon g whom they a r e Situ ated .

ur n d i ts un While treatin g of Liversedge Ch ch a fo der ,

n n t n n n it may be i teresti g o ote , that whe Roberso

u r un bequ eathed the ﬁve acres for ch rchyard g o d, he

ul on e n stipulated that all the tombs sho d be of patter ,

n ul on e a n d also that the headsto es sho d be of height , 61 THE BRONTE COUNTRY .

n n a n d n o rn m n t n a n with a plai copi g , o a e atio of y

n . n e n i s s n out i wa s ki d O sto e till poi ted , wh ch ,

b n m n m y the desire of the erector , or a e ted with so e

. u n elaborate scroll The resol te cleric , heari g of it ,

i n u n u r repa red to the eighbo ri g q a ry , borrowed a pick ,

a n d with it defaced the objection able decoration . Th e

n m n da m n t sto e re ai s to this y, despoiled of all e bellishme , m Hi with the un sightly pick arks visi ble . s own ston e i l a n d i n u s ike the rest , all the old ch rchyard are of

m ’ u c n . the same short , d py des riptio Mr . Roberson s

out un n bu t u idea was to keep sightly erectio s , the r le also

n acts in preven tin g the in troductio of beautiful ston es .

u m The grave of Cartwright , the hero of L ddite ti es ,

i n hi u a n d wi n n n is t s ch rchyard , the follo g i scriptio

hi s a Wm . is placed over shes Cartwright , of

R folds di 1 5 1889 64 . a w , ed April the th , , aged years

Some cur iou s cu stoms are kept up a t Liversedge

n o u n t u Of u Church , do bt i s it ted by the Father Ch rch

n . n n prin ciples in the West Ridi g For i sta ce , Royal

29th i s O r s n un Oak Day (May ) bse ved , the bell bei g r g

a n u a n d a n n t at early ho r , oak bra ch is ied to the

‘ ﬂa gsta ﬂ or on e of the pin n acles of the tower . This

Observan ce seems a most un heard -of thin g i n a di str ict TH 62 E BRONTE COUNTRY . where the an cestors of the mass of the people about

’ ” e “ men i n v l on wer Oliver s the Ci i War . Again ,

n m 5th un Bo ﬁre Day (Nove ber ) , the bells are r g

a n t n i . e. k n a ll lter a ely with shooti g, , the stri i g of the eight clappers of the respective bells at the same

n n f m h on n i stan t . We are i or ed t at the even i g Of

un . mm n n d hi s u G powder Day , the Rev Ha o d a yo thful

’ u u i r evels l p pils sed to hold h gh at Heald s Ha l , great

n a n d an t a n d i n bo ﬁres , gr d displays of rocke s all k ds of

ﬁreworks goin g on for hours .

Man y amusin g an ecdotes c a n be told of this extra

ri n ordin ary muscular Ch stia . Nearly all the stories

m t i n so ehow or other have a s eed them , Hammon d a n d hi s n i n i n n n e horse bei g separable more ways tha o , for

n in hi s he always rode whe abroad parish , a n d rode

l ul m s wel , for he co d sit the ost kittish beast that

” “ u - u n ever reared or b ck j mped . Eve as a n old ma n

a n - n he w s oted for his horse ta mi g . We have been

s u told that when he re ided at Sq irrel Hall , Dewsbur y

s n out on e n hi s Moor , he wa ridi g day, whe horse

a n d r n a u n rear ed, by some ext aordi ry evol tio became perched with hi s rider on the top of a high wall

n surroun di g the yard . His legs havin g stuck fast TH E O E O BR NT C UNTRY . 68

n a n d betwee the horse the wall , he had to be assisted

" oﬂ n im ul n n , before the a al wo d co desce d to come

to ter m ﬁr ma .

He loved to terrorise over an yon e he could get in to a

c n bu hi s wa s n bits b or er , t bark worse tha his , for e

n m n but n ot u threate ed vehe e tly, did act cr elly at the

h s n u n ﬁn ish . A lad stole i pigeo s d ri g the hour of

di n . u t wa s n d vi e service The c lpri discovered , a he had

hi m on a n a n d m n m the carpet m y a y a ti e , threaten in g

him n a n d n with all the pai s pe alties of the law, but

mu n othin g ever came of it . He st have had a c urious

n i n dispositio to tortu re a child this way .

An other equestria n an ecdote i s worthy of perman en t

. n e u n a s wa s n record O S day, he ridi g to Hartshead to

r hi s m m a n se vice , horse beca e rather ettlesome d ba cked

its i n i t with rider to a l ttle coal cellar at a wayside co tage , con structed of upright ﬂa gston es . The more it backed

an d n n di d n o the worse it slipped , seemi g frighte ed t

u but m n li n a n d un i n mu get o t, re ai ed S ppi g pl g g , ch to

h un n n t e delight of a crowd of lo gers , who were e joyi g

” the spectacle of Hammon d bein g defeated by his

. On e ma n r a n a n d ll horse forward said, Wi I

” hi s si r un take head , No , th dered Roberson , 4 T 6 H E BRONTE COUNTRY . n n en u m h ettled at his i terfer ce , yo a y take i s tail if

’ ” ou k m n a hi s y li e ; I ll a ge hea d . After a severe

u l u n c n u a a n d n str gg e , the o q er ble patie t clerical

u a n n a n d r eq estri achieved his poi t , t otted peacefully

s on hi way .

s M r s . Gaskell tell a good story of him pumpin g water

’ on va n s ul - be bu t s u i the ser t wo d sweetheart , the eq el s

m . u a a n o itted Two co ld play at practic l jokes , d the half- drown ed Swain a n d a few kin dred spirits paid a

’ m n v mm n s id ight isit to Ha o d s yard , de troyed all the

n a n d u u n n on milk pa s, po red their precio s co te ts the

un a s I n n . gro d a ibatio to their god , Reve ge

s n udi n n us n A a co cl g a ecdote , let give the followi g , a s the circumstan c e n arrated occurred at the en d of hi s

u a n d ma n i n u u usef l life , showed the his tr e colo rs ,

wa s SO n set brave to the last . He detested by a certai

n t i n of hi s parishio ers hat they , bravado , said they

” i n m would roast a n ox when he died . This hav g co e

’ n r n n hi s t en d to the Ca n o s ea s , whe ear lat er , he said ,

I thin k you may tell them to get the ox ready .

un li n I n such a spirit s k to rest that va a t heart , which ,

r i i l a s the n dl the ole ever tru e to i ts p n c p es ee e to p , cared m a s little for the applau se a s for the derision of en . THE BRONTE COUNTRY . 65

a Such a ma n deser ves to have his biogr phy wr itten .

n n u a n d There are abu da t materials for s ch a work , there are relatives to whom the task would be a n

' n easy a n d a pleasin g on e. That he wa s a n exceedi gly

n ma n c a n n o u bu t ecce tric , there be do bt , if it were on ly for hi s extra ordin ary perseveran ce a s a pion eer in en n u i n the ext sio of the Ch rch West Yorkshire , his

n even tful life i s worthy of a perman e t record . We

u n i n hi s u u have en deavo red to represe t him tr e colo rs , a

n mi u n a n d n c ma n of i do table co rage , persevera ce , te a ity

ur n n to - sa c riﬁ c i n a n d of p pose , be evole t a degree , self g

n u a n n t ma n ge ero s , yet withal , ecce ric with a hobby ,

m n m mm ul in hi s a . n e c se , a horse Whe beco e i ac ate ,

n n bu n o n a n d i n we c a look for perfectio , t t till the ,

’ m n n ma a Ha mo d Roberso s case , it y be s id that the

” n n r hi s n ut good wa s ot i te red with bo es , b ha s S un n i n u n n pr g to life agai ch rch exte sio ,

h n hi s m h a s n on u whic , si ce ti e , go e witho t m in ter ission i n the Heavy Woollen District . He is

” a s un n v n still talked of a bad , by the ati es who ever un hi s n bu t m n n derstood excelle cies , a cal co sideratio

n n a n n n di mi n of his character will co vi ce yo e of ca d d ,

ma n n o m n m u ma n that he was a of com o o ld , a before F TH E E 66 BRONT COUNTRY .

hi s m m o ti e , of who the West Ridi n g of Y r kshire has

u n u j st reaso to be pro d .

’ s n s n i u Heald Hall , the reside ce of Rober o , s sit ated on a ll a n d i s su s n the other side of the v ey , a b ta tial

n u w t a r i n r on . sto e ho se , i h a l ge park f t Here the

’

H ea ld s H a ll Is iver xed e. , g

m n out hi s u n Rev . Ham o d wa s won t to carry eq estria

t hi s s s performan ces . The mos tractable of hor e was

’ n al u c ul n i n hi s m o e c led R ler , who o d do a yth g at aster s call withou t the u se of either bridle or whip .

l i n i s n The Hollows Mil , Shirley , to be see at

t u h u S en but n Hun swor h , f rt er p the p valley, the eve ts ,

‘ ‘ C I I ZX P I E R I I I .

n ow come to the coun try which produced

m m n m th e e bers of the Bro te fa ily , whose

n m u c un ames have beco e famo s ; the o try,

i n which the greater part of their un even t

ful wa s s n n lives pe t , where they were bor ,

’ sufler ed a n d a n , died ; the workshop where they f shio ed a n d n m n w fi ished those asterly fictio s , which ill ever

i n u . Hi hold a foremost place En glish literat re therto, there have been but few allu sion s to the mildren .

We have been occupied with the coun try of the father a n d m n n mu t n ow other , a d the i terest of the work s

n li n n deepe . We have reached the level e , havi g toiled up the wearisome in clin e of details con n ected with

on our u n u paren ts . We are fairly started jo r ey thro gh the scen es ren dered immortal by the fact that they were the birthpla ce a n d home of the children — the TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 69 subjects for the lan dscapes which they have pain ted in u a n d imperishable colo rs , peopled with a crowd of actors as variou s i n character a n d appearan ce a s the

’ n n u little folks of Qu ee Tita ia s co rt .

i s n n u u n n n There othi g very bea tif l , othi g gra d , or

n n n impressive , to be see at either Thor to or Haworth .

Un r n um n n &c . der ce tai circ sta ces of seaso , weather , , as

t un we shall af erwards Show , this co try appears to great a n a n d ma l t r n Of m n bu t dva tage , y de igh a ce tai class i d ,

n for the gen eral tourist there is othin g to attract .

ma h n n a n d a n d He y do T or to Haworth , feel

u di n . To u n t r woef lly sappoi ted the tr e Bro e pilgim ,

n il n a n d however, the sce es w l appeal with stirri g force , i n a Bron te fever the wayfarer ma y be pleased a n d

n u un n i str cted . Aro d the birthplace a d home of the

n m n n Bro tes stretch bare heathery oors, with othi g to

a n d n m relieve the eye except here there a verda t swa p ,

a u n in a n d or a rocky height , here r shi g , brawl g brook ,

r a n n n n Of n the e i sig iﬁca t patch an cie t British forest .

It i s the Sign of a great artist to possess the power to pourtray truly on can vas even a very un in terestin g

a n d a s li object , j ust George Eliot was able to idea se the

s u un n n u un ea ton a n d pro aic s rro di gs of Gai sboro gh , N , TH E B 70 RONTE COUNTRY .

so n u n Bedworth , have the Bro tes s cceeded i n in vesti g

t n ew n to i d a n the moors wi h a i terest the r rea ers , d have shown that even these barren heaths are n o u n worthy

m on S - the e which to exercise the kill of the word pain ter.

T rn n a m nn ho to , the birthpl ce of Charlotte , E ily , A e , a n d n n i s u u ur m Bra well Bro te , sit ated abo t fo iles west

Of . I t c a n n n n n i Bradford be co ve ie tly visited , alo g w th

i n a n t n n n i a Haworth , af er oo , by taki g the ra l (Gre t

n r m to n n On Norther ) f o Bradford Thor to . the right,

c t wn i s B C ha el a s we approa h the o , the Old ell p , or

n u c . correctly desig ated the Ch r h of St James , of which

r n e wa s n um n . a s u the Rev . Pat ick Bro t i c be t It w b ilt a s a chapel of ease for the Thorn ton portion Of Bradford

u n . m i n parish d ri g the vicariate of the Rev Caleb Ke p ,

1 1 2 . en n i s n n 6 Above the tra ce a otice board , beari g

“ i n n s bea ut ﬁ ed 1818. the i scriptio , Thi chapel was ,

” - n t n u n . ui n m n n P . Bro e , i c mbe t The b ldi g is a ea looki g

on e a n un u u a d . i n , with ambitio s c pola n bell It is the

G but a n d un n u a s a othic style , so bare prete tio s , to appe r

- like a n Old dissen tin g meetin g hou se . There are two

. St other chapels Of ease i n Bradford parish , viz , .

’ a n d H n . Michael s , Haworth oly Tri ity , Low Moor

n n Thorn ton i s spelt Tor en to i Domesday Book , the TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 7 1

assumption bein g that the loca lity wa s covered with

” n Th m n s thor s or bru shwood . The o to were the ﬁrst

Of m n Ofﬁ i s n ow . . lords the a or , which ce held by Mr W

. n s n n S Sta hope a n d Ma jor Stock . The pri cipal la d

n ss . s e u n u r . . S. ow ers are Me rs Fo t r, of Q ee sb y , Mr W

a n e n h n n a S a d . i s u t hop , Mr F . S . Powell . T or to sit ted on a ton gu e of la n d boun ded by the water - courses of

m a i n a n d two becks , which for the v lleys of P chbeck

l n a n d u ma un m Be l Dea , lti tely ite to for the Bradford

c i s a n uni n s n - n n Be k . It tere ti g looki g tow , whose

n a n n a i n a n d n e i habit ts are e g ged the cloth , shawl , sto

a n i s m n t tr des . Evide ce forthco i g to Show that the clo h m n uf a c a a acture w s rried on here ﬁve hu n dred years ago .

’ I n n s m wa s m n -ﬁ Mr . Bro te ti e it a ere hamlet of twe ty ve

. i s n t n wi Of cottages Now it a thrivi g li tle tow , th

o ul n n r u a p p atio , a railway statio , f ee library , p blic baths ,

’ n s n u a n d n s m u mecha ic i stit te , ha d o e ch rch .

" Old a n s n Of n u The p rso age , the re ide ce Bro te , is sit ated i n I t i s n u Market Street . ow occ pied by Priestley

owett u t r h a s - n J , a b che , who added a three cor ered Shop

r on t f r to the f O the old dwelli n g . Ove the doorway is

F or la t s of th e r son n d l l M r . p e Pa a ge a Old Bel Cha pe , see

’ ” illi a m c r uton s “ Bi rt la c of rlo t Br n W S hp e Cha t e o te. 72 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

n c n J 8 n th e ni n the i s riptio , g , bei g i tials of the origi al

n n a n d a r a h . mu n ow ers , Joh Ashworth It st have bee a comparatively n ew hou se when Patrick a n d hi s family

n n n m mu came to Thorn ton . Its i ter al eco o y is ch

u n a n m i n altered , b t o e c still see the roo which

Charlotte ﬁrst drew breath .

M r n u n n u n a n Bro te , d ri g his i c mbe cy here , was object Of great curiosity to the di ssen ters . He kept

u a s n himself very m ch to himself, was his wo t all

u i a n d n u n c u ut n thro gh l fe , co seq e tly a q ired a rep atio

n u a n d n n m n for devotio to d ty , for sterli gpri ciple , a o g

ni n m n people whose good opi on wa s worth havi g . A o g

n u n ﬂi ht hi t a n d n Of the ge eral pop latio , g y, s f y , fo d

u n n n s t n n mm n s l . f ss , this i depe de t po i io did ot co e d it e f

On e of the di ssen ter s circula ted a report to the effect i m that Mr . Bron te had been seen shavin g at h s bedr oo

- n w on un m n in b . wi do , a S day or g , by the passers y

’ On n u n um n this story bei g bro ght to the i c be t s ears ,

ul ou sa i n he said , I sho d like y to keep what I y

u m l but n i n m yo r fa i y , I ever shaved all y life , or wa s n l ea r d ever shaved by a yon e else . I have so ittle h

l n m n h that a little c ippi g every three o t s , is all that

n c n is n ecessary . This i ide t will serve to Show the 78 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . differen ce between the begin n in g Of this cen tury a n d

I Of un a n un the en d . n these days S day tr i s , S day

n & . ul d co certs , c , people wo d har ly bother themselves

n n un n ot whether their clergyma shaved upo S day or .

T n c n u s n o n Of wa s he a e dote remi ds ofa ther , the sce e which

l r n n n 8 a .m. t m . G asgow , the Ba o y Ma se kitche door , , e p ,

1 4 m s 8 8. M i lk Bo I s r u y, (to do e tic) it t e that the

r . n D . D . maiste (Rev Norma Macleod , ) hasbroke

’ ” D omesti c n a n t n t. Bo , Na, , ae hi g o the sor y , A

u the ni n thocht as m ch , I got it frae Frees , mea g of c u se m K n o r , some ember of the Free irk of Scotla d .

Near Thorn ton are some old man or hou ses worthy

. n n l u on s e of a visit Thor to Hal , sit ated the lop

ll u ha s a n Old n r ur of the hi , below the ch rch , sto e a bo in r i s n n u the ga den , over which the i scriptio , De s n obis haec otia fecit The buildi n g is n ow divided n L en th or the n n i to cotta ges . The old ev p Hall , a cie t

the Le r s n seat of ven tho p , who held the ma ors of

Leven th r t n a n d n n i n o p , Hor o , Clayto , is also to be see

n f r n . o n process of tra s o matio Headley Hall , overlo ki g

n e a n l z n u n the n r n Pi chb ck , is E i abetha b ildi g , i sc iptio ,

n un On n n . W . Midgley , bei g fo d the wester wi g

The Mi dgleys were lords of the man or for abou t a 4 THE O E CO 7 BR NT UNTRY .

un 1 80 . n h dred years , from 6 The estate has ow passed

n th e n n h m i to ha ds of the Sta ope fa ily .

a n n n n b n H vi g i spected Thor to , we egi to climb up

n m di a n u . the road to De hol e , sta ce of abo t two miles

n i s a n d s r a Everythi g bare cheerle s , g e t sweeps of

s u n s un n - n pa t re la d bo ded by blacke ed dry sto e dykes .

d i n 1 820 l n i Over this very roa trave led the Bro te fam ly ,

n m v n a a n d s n whe re o i g to H worth , the proces io of carts toilin g slowly up Thorn ton Heights i s still wi thi n m m the me ory of the oldest in habitan ts . Mr . Abraha

Holroyd describes their progress th us i n his “ Currer

Bell a n d her Sisters N ow a n d then the elder

n i n n a r e t out n r o es the waggo lif ed ge tly by the d ivers ,

ma run l - - that they y have a of ha f a mile or so , to

t n n a s r m a n d s re gthe their legs the d ivers ter it ,

i ur u then are gen tly lifted n again . Ho a fter ho r

s a n d Al n F la i t n a n d pa ses , they leave Old le , pp Spri g ,

Br a emoor n a n d e i n the e n on behi d , lat aft r o the few in habitan ts of the quiet village of Haworth behold them

s u e s a ll a n d pas p their st epe t of steep streets , halt at

u Bron tés the door of the parson age . Th s came the

s n m n n to Haworth , tra gers a o g stra gers .

n m n Of n h t De hol e , the isla d the Da es , is is orically

6 TH E T 7 BRON E COUNTRY .

n n m s m After passi g De hol e , we trike across the oors

r to Hawo th . The path a t ﬁrst leads through swampy

u i n s n m s m n past res , where pri g, the ar h arigold shi es

ul n i n a ll n a i ref ge t its golde glory , amid a gal xy of l lac

’ - - - I a n d m u n . On ady s smocks , e erald bl e forget me ots on e n n s e n n a n d occasio whe we vi it d Thor to Haworth , the air wa s heavy a n d the sky lea den ; but thi s lovely

n s ms m n a t our a n d tri ity of the blo so of arshla d feet , the

o u s m to di j yo s carol of lark overhead , see ed ssipate the feelin g of oppression which hun g Over the whole face of n ur m un at e . After a Short tramp through this oist gro d,

ﬁ n d u i n u n n n we o rselves a ro gh , arrow la e , which bri gs us n a i l a n u t m s n dow steep h l to s g lit le ho e tead , beari g

n the extraordi ary n ame of P otoven s .

After lea vin g this farm we soon reach the moors

i s n n un u s m l but proper . There othi g aro d for i es

h u heathery expan ses . The path t ro gh the heather is

n s s of san d a s ﬁ n e a s that fou d by the ea hore . The

l r a u t e a i n un a n bi ber y is scattered bo t h he th great ab d ce , i ts porcelain -like ﬂowers of purest pin k con tra stin g

u fu i n n a c n bea ti lly spri g , with the bl ke ed waste all

un i n n t i ts n n out aro d ; while wi er , evergree leaves shi e with a ten der verdure aga in st the darker foliage of the TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 77

t n ut a u s u hea her . Nothi g b few bilberry b hes , cl mps of

n n s m bracke , or a little white sa d ee s to relieve the

a c n s m a n d on un a s bl k e s of the oor , the ly so d which bre k

’ I a r k s the stilln ess is the shrill carol , or the hoarse

' cackle of the grou se a s we rouse him from hi s heathy

m m s di d bed . From such eagre ateria l Charlotte a n d

u E mily weave some of their ﬁ n est word pict res .

w n n “ m Charlotte , riti g to a frie d , says , My sister E ily had

a ul mo a n d i s n n a p rtic ar love for the ors , there ot a k oll of

a n ot n n n ot un he ther, a bra ch of fer , a yo g bilberry leaf,

” n ot u n n n but m n m e a ﬂ tteri g lark or li et , re i ds of her .

our own n n m r From sta dpoi t , we prefer the oo s to the

n i s n u n n m coast . The ocea o do bt gra der a d ore awe

in spirin g ; bu t thewon derful charmof the heath - cover ed

moun ta in i s this — that the on e deep all -pervadi n g

u u n our n n sk a n d colo r below t r s atte tio to the y, impresses more on ou r min ds the remarkable effects which are observable i n the all - embr a cin g cur tain of the

n . u ﬁ n d e c al heave s Th s we that Charlott , espe i ly , had a

m s r n u sun n d re arkable power of de c ibi g clo ds , the , a the m - n . u c t oo Her word pict res are photographi ally correc ,

n f ll s i a n d yet imagin atio has u play . She ays n

” “ m on r u s Shirley, The o rides glo io , glad of the H T T 78 T E BRON E COUN RY . ga le ; a s glad as if she gave herself to i ts ﬁerce caress

n n with love . Swin burn e says that this se te c e pain ts

” n a n d u n wi d like David Cox light like T r er .

Two miles wa lk across the heather brin gs us to the

n - o l edge of a arrow well wo ded va ley , backed by moors .

a W r l Old P r a H o t} a son ge.

i s l i n h i s u t . This the Worth va ley , whic Haworth sit a ed

our n n u en sc on ed n . At feet lies Oxe hope , s gly amo g trees

’ -m n u s A Short half ile s walk bri gs to Haworth , which

n i n m u h a n d begi s the valley , cli bs p a steep ill ,

n n - An n exte ds alo g th e hill top . America writer has

n n n bu n described it as o e lo g u it of ildi g , the whole TH E BRONTE C OUNTRY . 79

i n m u u n m n s n affair look g like so e h ge sa ria o ter , creepi g

u hi s e n e a n d p the hillside , with h ad ar the top , his tail

h e m n ill a f ﬂoun derin g a t t base. This oorla d v ge O

grey ston e is by n o mean s the picturesqu e pla c e that it

e r on Br on t s i s described to be . S veral write s the é

a c a m n have pain ted it a s h r i g hill retreat , where the

bees i n heather time en ter the village street ; a n d the

moors a s a perfect treasure -hou se for the lover of

scen ery . Charlotte h a s told the truth about it

Mills a n d scattered cottages chase roman ce from these

l i s n u i n m n val eys it o ly higher p , deep a o g the ridges

mo ma n n c a n ﬁ n of the ors , that i gi atio d rest for the

sole a n d n n d she mu of her foot , eve if she ﬁ s it there , st

” u - n n — n be a solit de lovi g ra ve o gen tle dove . Haworth

- ha s . u u n s n e , as Mr A g sti e Birrell say , bee over describ d ,

a n d n we will let it pretty well alo e .

The church a n d rectory of Haworth at the presen t

i n n da day are great part n ew erection s . Si ce the y

n Old u n m whe the ch rch , redole t with me ories of the

n i a n d th n s Eva gel cal Revival , of e Bro te , was swept

t h s n . away, Hawor h a been early deserted by visitors A

few American s still pay their devoirs at this literary

r n n w n sh i e , o e tirely robbed of a ll in terest to Bron te 80 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

ld u s f worshippers . The O ch rch bore trace O great

n u n d th e mi S n u a tiq ity , a proxi ty of the crosses at ta b ry

a n d Oxen hope gives ri se to the belief that Haworth had

n u Old r i s n ow mu the right of sa ct ary . The recto y ch

n a n d urm un altered , with a wi g added , s o ted by a

r l Ol r H a Wo i j d C 5u 3 5.

n n n light i g con ductor . Nothi g remain s Of the Old

u but . n m r ch rch , the tower The Bro te emo ial ta blet is

s n u i r n also preserved . The pre e t ch rch is n the pe pe m di c ula r a s . style , of the sa e date the base of the tower

n i n si x s n a n d u It co s sts of a ave of bay , with orth so th

s Of a n d a n n t ai les ﬁve bays , a ch cel three bays lo g , wi h HE E T BRONT COUNTRY . 81 n t a n d u or h so th aisles , or chapels , of two bays . There is a beautiful rectan gular pan el of Derbyshire alabaster

’ a l u u o above the tar , a sc lpt red c py of Da Vin ci s Last

u . u n a n d a n S pper The p lpit, fo t , alt r scree , are also

Of . i s ﬁ n e un alabaster Altogether , it a co try chur ch . We

W r l ew C i r i H a o tj N ju ej .

n out i s i n hi u feel how e tirely of place it t s ro gh , radical,

u di ssen tin g communi ty . We wo ld rather far have the

’ ld m n u - u u n O eeti g ho se like str ct re of Patrick Bro te s time ,

n dl -a d - n m than this gra y upholstered, spick n spa odern l ediﬁce . How the people of Haworth ever a lowed the old place to be pulled down is somethi n g n o fellow c a n

G 82 TH E O E CO BR NT UNTRY . un a n c m m a ll derst d , for it attra ted pilgri s fro en ds of the

a n d u m n d n earth , bro ght o ey a n trade i to the stagn an t

e wn . u i n littl to Now , we have a ch rch which a ll the local man ufacturers of substan ce are held up to posterity

r n dl n n - di i n ga y emblazo ed wi dows , with high soun n g

n n hi m n di d u i scriptio s , w le the little wo a who her d ty n i n her o n a n d obly , both w circle to the world at large ,

m in n Ofm n n is comme orated a little wi dow ea proportio s ,

u " a but of a pec liarly appropriate character . If it ple ses

H a wor thi a n s l a n d d but ha s di s the , wel goo , it pleased that large a n d in creasin g class who love to associate c n s wi a n d n i ertai place th gifted people , thu s to dri k n

n r the full mean in g of their lives . The prese t recto of the parish has been much abused for his action i n gettin g

old u but s the ch rch destroyed , there is a word to be aid

him u n Ol u n t a n d for . Why co ld ot the d ch rch have bee lef a n ew on e built on an other Site That he wa s bored by the crowds of visitors who poured in to the rectory

n a n d n n e garde , eve wormed their way i to his privat

n u but m san ctum , we have o do bt , he ight have adopted the easy method of allowin g visitors to look roun d on e

Br n t i n wa s r c te a few a r s a o a n Am ri The o e w dow e e d ye g , by e n T h e lor f G od i n l a sa n t m mor Of a rlott c a c i ti zen , o t g y o , p e e y Ch e ” c o f si x li ts ill ustr a tin th e i n sc ri ti on Bron te. I t n si sts o gh , g p , ” Qua mdi u fec i sti s un i hi s fr a tribu s mei s mi n i mi s mi h i feri sti s.

4 H E O 8 T BR NTE COUNTRY .

to the Gospel . At this time the village wa s visited by

un un n n the celebrated Co tess of H ti gdo , Whiteﬁeld , the

. n n n . n n Wesleys , Rev He ry Ve , Rev Joh Newto , &c . , all li in n a ghts the eva gelic l world of the day . Man y amu sin g

n ul r m n on e a ecdotes co d be told of G i shaw . O occasion the then Archbishop of York ca me to hold a con ﬁrmation

a n d u m ho service at Haworth , to j dge for hi self w this

n n set hi ecce tric divi e divided the Word of God , m a text

n d hi m m a ordered to preach fro it . The prelate was so

a n d edi ﬁ ed i u s h s delighted by the d sco r e , that e aid to the

u a ll i n a ssembled clergy , I wo ld to God that the clergy

n u n i n m my diocese were like this good ma . D ri g hi s c u ben oy the n umberof c ommun i c a n ts in creased from twelve

o a s m n to twelve hun dr ed . He ften pre ched a a y as

’ n a n n s u thirty sermo s in a week , st yi g at frie d ho ses a n d gatherin g a con gregation . We have n ot space to

u i n en umerate the man y an ecdotes abo t him . He died

n d hi s un n the . 1768, a f eral sermo was preached by Rev

n n u R ev. . m n Hen ry Ve , vicar of H ddersﬁeld , the Mr Ro ai e

n . preac hin g a si milar discou rse i n Lon do . The Rev . Mr

un un t n n Berridge , writin g to the Co tess of H i gdo , sets

evr ur xmr o up fai thful Grimshaw as a model s.

n Charles Wesley wrote two hymn s o hi s death . E PT E C H R IV .

S em 1 824 a an d m l ept ber , , Ch rlotte E i y

n n i e tered the Clergy School at Cowa Br dge ,

s u n i n on it ated ear K rkby Lo sdale , the

s a n d n c a n n Leed Ke dal road . We fa cy

the stage - coach journ ey from Keighley by

n s s n s u Skipto , pa t E hto Hall , where lived Mi s C rrer , the

a sc hool whose u n a m wa s t ben ef ctress of the , s r e af erwards taken a s the ﬁrst part of the nom de p lume of Currer

” Bell a st Gi leswi c k with i ts n en m , p gg , a ci t gra mar school ,

a n d I n n n n un n u gleto , estli g at the foot of ga t I gleboro gh ,

till m o n r d i s the little ha let of C wa B i ge reached ,

le n u on n L p asa tly sit ated the ba ks of the ook, a brawlin g

n ll brook , which rattles dow a lovely va ey to the Lun e .

M us n m Readers of r s . Gaskell m t always retai a ost

u n n s n s . i n pleasa t impre sio of thi place It is , reality , a

m u comfortable ha let of whitewashed cottages , sit ated 86 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

n l ur a n d s en d amo g love y past es , over hadowed by spl di ly

l n i fo iaged trees . More especially oticeable s a gran d

h i n di n r n m sycamore , w ich , its sprea g g ee ery , co pletely

un n takes a cotta ge der its wi g .

r i C owa n B dge .

n v s m wa s n Whe we isited thi ha let , the air redole t

n a n d a le m i n ul with spri g ﬂowers , the pp blosso was f l

— a n n - n — n l glory s owy mass , pi k ti ted Sheddi g a de icate

m - w n a ro a on the ozon e laden air . The Leck passes ithi

a few yards of the buildin g where the Bron tes were at

n n i n ow e i n sc hool . The Yorkshire Pe n y Ba k s locat d

on e of the cottages in to which this Semin ary has been

T T T 88 H E BRON E COUN RY .

h u i ts - m a n d m a n d t ro gh crowded school roo dor itory , er e n m m n n a n May arrived , tra sfor ed the se i ary i to

” hospital .

m u n n i n umm The Leck is a ere r el of water s er ,

s ll a n d but n o u t n ha ow clear , do bt af er wi ter rain s ,

C owa n B r id e r om i e B r id e . g , (f B g)

or m n n n i ts n n thaws , a ighty torre t, beari g dow cha el

th e r n u u waters of hoa y I gleboro gh , which ﬁlls p the

’ s lan dscape behin d the village . Leck ba n ks are

n l s a n d i n befri ged with hazels , a der , willows , its

c n n u Of m n o m n ha el are h ge blocks li esto e , which f r atio E T TH BRONTE COUN RY . 89

here prevails . The whitewashed cottages un der the um u r n i n m brageo s t ees , the sweetly lyi g orchards blosso ,

k n r n e ﬂower - n the spar li g , chatte i g Le k , the lade air , a n d m n the tri , Sleepy , comfortable look of everythi g

a n d in out- of- th e- m n m everybody this way settle e t , ade up to us on e of the n icest bits of rural E n glan d we

n n m r ur had see for a lo g ti e . As if to d a w o min ds

m n a n d hi s n away to a works , a trai whisked past

the hamlet a s we were enjoyin g the qu ietn e ss of the

‘ “ n m the Ofﬁ real cou try . We were i n for ed at post ce

that a few folk from Ya rkshir e visited the place to

’ th e u e s S a s m m see Clergy Da ght r chool , a e orial of

n t r s m s e Charlotte Bro e . That Cha lotte wa i erabl all

m w s du e u m the ti e she resided here , a , we are s re , ore

th e n a n m n m n to bad culi ary rra ge e ts of the se i ary ,

u un n a ml than to the n atural s rro di gs of the h et , for

i n i n n n n there s n ot a sweeter ook the orth of E gla d ,

a n d we should advise Bron te lovers to visit this distr ict

i " see n preferen ce to Haworth . Here they will the

i u m n a n d u u u l ttle r stic settle e t , the pict resq e ch rch of

un ll i s n n T sta , where Charlotte worshipped . It a n i ﬁ itely

An ld c l r wh o c on tr a c t for the s o ma i n a n d o obb e , ed h e k g m n i n a t th e c ool i s a i to a n e l c t hi s wor e d g s h , s d h ve g e ed k m s l n n tl l a i n s o d ol s . ha eful y , c o seque y e k g shoe pr duc ed ba c d 90 THE BRONTE COUNTRY . m e r u l n n or chee f l p ace tha lo ely , heathery Haworth , a n d the amoun t of n otice to be taken of these places is n ot to be measured by the fact that Charlotte wa s

u a n d u s its a n d ed cated here , sed the chool , teachers

scholars i n her immortal Jan e Eyre ; but over a n d

n u n n s above all that , the a tiq aria i tere t of this valley ,

i s mu a u ch above the verage . How fever Sho ld have m n n i ts me a n d ade this breezy alpi e regio ho , prostrated

u s o i s m n . d the p pil of the scho l , a azi g Sheltere at

n u u un n the base of I gleboro gh , s rro ded by a ﬁ ely

un n u un n n wooded co try , drai ed by q ick r i g , sparklin g

a m i s a u r stre s , it the be ideal of a health esort . That

ou wa s m n d n the h se da p a sa itarily defective , may

c un v n l ac o t for the ad e t of the fe l destroyer .

The church of Tu n stall i s di stan t about three miles

n a n d i s n e from Cowa Bridge , the walk o of the

i n to lovel est we have ever bee privileged take ,

u a n d n ﬂower - mm a n d n s i n thro gh ﬁelds la es ge ed , i t ct w full u n m l n n ith a chor s of a i al ife , e joyi g the sprin g

n n su shi e . The ﬁelds are gay with lambs sportin g w m n a n d i ith their da s , the air alive with i sect b rd mu s our e n ms ic , the carpet at f et strew with the blosso

n t of May , the Sky overhead a dome of stai less blue , he

92 THE BRON TE COUNTRY .

n e o s n n in u Un ba d of forest rs b ld , i gi g chor s , der the

Green wood Tree Burrow Hall i s men tion ed by

r emon ta c m. Lela n d . It is the Site of the Roman B

An l d the b n a tar was iscovered here , dedicated to Sa i e

a n n u . U n n a n d ri u deity S gus, or Sa c s r s , coi s , va o s v s n u n e n idor eth or es els , a golde b lla , o of the Glei Ne

’ u u n n Dr id s am lets , were take from the road leadi g

m Brem n u fro o ta c a a. The Saxon s probably occ pied this

n i n n place , as evide ced the ame .

n u n r After leavi g B rrow , with the Fe wick A ms , a

i n n a a n s n a n d o n good , we g i pas i to the ﬁelds , s o the

u u n a r e n n t rrets of Th rla d Castle see risi g above the trees ,

’ n un while withi two ﬁelds breadths , the tower of T stall

u n d ﬁ e s n di n i ts Ch rch comes i to view , the e i c ta g , with su un n m n s n s rro di g graveyard , a o g ﬁeld , at some co ider able di stan ce from the village of that n ame . Hoary a n d n n u n n t gaun t is this a cie t b ildi g , a co tras to the

u ma n - n c lon g wavy grass , the gracef l y ti ted trees whi h

h a n d ll surroun d the churc yard , the dark ho ies , elders ,

i hu a n d yews whi ch en circle ts base . The c rch is

n but m n n dedicated to St . Joh the Baptist , it is e tio ed

un t u n n in the wi ll of Sir Brian T s all , of Th rla d, slai at

n i n 1 51 a s u . M c h a ell . Flodde 8, the Ch rch of St y

TH 96 E BRONTE COUNTRY .

un n n m n L ov mber 18th died der co ﬁ e e t at ambeth , N e ,

1 559 . T m i n mu Sir ho as More , writ g of him to Eras s

Ton sta llo ut n m est n li teri s i n s ti r says , e o bo is tr uc o , n m i n moribus ue severi or r n e o vita , q , ite emo est

” us ua m i n c on vi c tu uc un d or . q , j i

er i r u ll C l ur l I n t o of T n sta j c j .

’ Charlotte Bron te s con n ection with T un stall Church

” comes ou t i n Jan e Eyre . Here it was that the Rev .

n n c William Caru s Wilso , the patro of the Clergy S hool ,

n n n i n 1816 wa s vicar , he bei g prese ted to the livi g , by

” n n r Broc klebri dge Chur c h i Ja e E y e . TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 97

r u E s . a n d n i n 1828. Richa d To lmi n North , q , he resig ed

”

. u n . He i s the Rev . Mr Brockleh rst of Ja e Eyre He

il n i was succeeded by the R ev. Hen ry Currer W so n

n n . 1828, who was prese ted by Matthew Wilso , Esq

. n u This latter was a ear relative of Miss C rrer, of

‘ n wa s u sed i n c n u n Eshton Hall , whose ame the o str ctio

” u ma of the nom de p ba me of C rrer Bell . Charlotte y

u m n u have here acq ired so e k owledge of the C rrers , as

u d n n she afterwards ass re ly did , whe reside t at Haworth ,

a n d . m n n . n at Roe Head Of this , however, ore a o O e

n u n Tun s . . of the i c mbe ts of tall, the Rev Ed Tatha m ,

n I . a n d objected to take the oath of allegia ce to George ,

. m the Rev W . Withers was appoin ted in his stead

in 1718.

n un s n i n Whe we visited T tall , we lay dow the

u r a n d li n i n ch rchya d ste ed to the voice of the w d, soughin g a n d sighin g i n the circle of trees whi ch fri n n su n n n ged the e clo re , or stirri g the lo g grass , wavi g

our u n i n at feet ; to the b stli g, wh rrin g ﬂight of starli gs , evi den tly feedi n g their youn g on the church roof ; n i n but n u n othin g vi ew the blacke ed towers of Th rla d , a n d the gran d Old battlemen ted church . We wished we could have chosen so calm a retr eat where our H TH E O 9 8 BR NTE COUNTRY.

’ bon m t if ﬁtfu es ight rest af er l e s l fever . The words of mi n i n u r n E ly Bro te W the i g Heights , came to min d I lin gered roun d them u n der that ben ign sky ; listen ed to the soft win d breathin g

u the s a n d n how n n u thro gh gras , wo dered a yo e co ld ever imagin e un quiet slumbers for the sleepers in that

” quiet earth .

l a l n The ittle g lery over the porch , where the Cowa

mi d- m n m n Bridge pupils ate their day eal betwee ser o s ,

" i s still to be seen .

r s l i n c u a s s u e i n M . Gaske l pa ts this h rch it at d a cold,

un sheltered coun try ; but either the fac e of n ature mu st

s n she mu n have chan ged i ce those days , or st ever have

s n s u c ea u ul d ee it , for we were tr k by the b tif ly woode c r the n ﬂower - S n s u oun t y , by cosy la es , the pa gled pa t res a n w n n r a n d un s ll d hedgero s , betwee Cowa B idge T ta

u m n n u s n i s Church . A m ch ore i teresti g exc r io this ,

n n i s so th an that to Haworth . Now that I gleto easily

n d a n d un di got to , Cowa Bri ge T stall are rea ly accessible

n m a n d u un i n of to the Bro te pilgri , the whole s rro d gs

n n u a s these places are in teresti g alike to the at r li t, the

u n a n d n u . an tiq aria , the ge eral to rist

“ n r See Ja e E y e .

C E P‘I ‘ E H R V .

a n d FTER the death of her sisters , Maria

a s n a Elizabeth , Charlotte w se t to Roe He d

o on a n d u s Scho l , the Leeds H dder ﬁeld

road , at that time presided over by

a s Miss Wooler , who w always the valued frien d of the little shy daughter of the moorla n d

a r n p so age .

un un i s n s n The co try aro d Roe Head very i tere ti g ,

li n u a n a n d m n a ke to the a tiq ari , to the observer of oder

n n a n d m n n progress . The a cie t the oder jostle o e

r i n n m u a n othe about a stra ge edley . Here a r in ed m n n u u s a n d u a sio or religio s ho e , there a great gly block of mill bu ildi n gs or rows of un sightly cottages meet the eye i n all direction s . Some gen eral remarks on di ma n ot out t m the strict y be of place , as we es ee

s ou r m s m r a n m n a s s thi o t i po t t chapter , e braci g , it doe , TH E BRONTE COUNTRY. 101

un e in n a n d r the co trydepict d Ja e Eyre Shi ley,

’ a n d i n it are the scen es n ot only of Charlotte s West

- n f b n i n s . Ridi g school li e , ut also of her life lo g fr e dship

I t may well be styled The Shirley Coun try as the

r n r ul greater pa t of that story , that wo de f realistic piece

i n li n in n u of West Rid g fe , was e acted this eighbo rhood , within a three miles radi u s of Roe Head School .

n on u m un To see this stretch of cou try , e m st o t the

n al - n li a n n o ce tr table la d , which es like i verted b wl

n n n betwee the valleys of the Batley a d Spo Becks ,

' u r s al a i n li ﬂe u trib ta ie of the C der . The top of St c Ch rch , n m n u ear Batley , or fro K owles Hill , Dewsb ry Moor, will suﬂi c e as van ta ge groun d to give on e a complete

of n - n a n view this urba rural la dscape . After a heavy r i ,

a n d i n n n i i s n n . a orth wi d , t see to perfectio The

n - m ll n d traili g smoke wreaths are driven fro the va eys , a

t Of n r the grea sweeps gree swa d , washed by the baptism

ns n n n in un n s of the heave , shi e resple de t the s the tow

a n d i i n a n black grimy , l ke jewels set emerald back

n m i n groun d. Thi s clear ess of the at osphere , a

i u n a n d man ufacturin g distr ict , s a very rare occ rre ce , it i n n s the more appreciated whe it is prese t . Everythin g

n n in i n this life has its compen satio s . Whe we live a 102 TH E E BRONT COUNTRY . di r n t n d fo e st ict co ami ated with smoke a n g, wher

n - a n a n d n un ed vegetatio is soot l de , everythi g livin g is st t a n d fi u u our dis g red , we are th s led to look above heads , where the heaven s— bright wi th the glorious sun shin in g fr om a dome of stain less blue ; or an gry with the fiery fur y of the storm ; dappled over with fleec y

u n t u ben n the clo dlets ti ted by the sof , liq id , lam t shi e of moon ; or bla cken ed by the lowerin g ni ght-cloud i n dea dly combat with the pale lamp of heaven — are ever

n un n n a n d m . prese t , co tami ated , i possible to deface It

n n n w a n d i n was the livi g i lo ely, heathery Ha orth ,

i - - th s thickly populated urban rural district , which gave

Charlotte her charmin g power of description in regard to the chan ges that are ever ta kin g place i n the

ﬁr n a n i n um n ma me t. As there are li ghts d shadows h a

f a n d in n . li e , so there are lights Shadows the la dscape

n n n l If we have ever tasted sorrow , we ca ot rea ly have

n s n - m felt joy . If we have ever ee a smoke gri ed

i u the n lan dscape , we can n ot apprec ate to the f ll ope ,

u ll i n n un c on ta mi n ated coun try . Th s the dwe ers tow s have been ever the most charmin g describers of coun try

m ur scen es . The ra re freedo of r al life seems to come

n a n d h u n a n upon them as a revelatio , t ey b rst i to

104 THE O E CO BR NT UNTRY . li d a n ttle patch of woo l d, railways crossin g the lan dscape i n a ll n n a n directio s , chim eys d pit heads to right a n d

t n a n d u s a n d ou lef , to orth so th , to ea t west, a n d y have a hurried picture of the Heavy Woollen Distr ict of

-da to y .

ha s n e n Yet it its i t rest eve to the wsthete. The play of cloud on these sweeps of green sward is

r ﬁn e n n sometimes ve y , the co trasts of n ature a d m n n n h n n a n at war , the stra ge mi gli g of t e a cie t

n a n d the moder , all give a peculiar char m to this part of the West Ridin g ; a n d the con n ection of a n m n n n a n d ovelist of the e i e ce of Charlotte Bro te , her

u se i n n n n . of it her ovels , e ha ces its merits We have n u m n a s u u o do bt , this state e t , to the n at ral bea ties

th n - of e Heavy Woolle District , wi ll be pooh poohed

m n our s but u u by a y of reader ; we say this m ch , bea ty

in a n d is the eye of the beholder , as a damsel with

di n a n ma on e ma n a n very or ary attr ctio s , y seem to a a n d n di n - n m n gel , to a other , a very or ary looki g ortal ;

” our f u r r un r ma so a vo rite dist ict , The Shi ley Co t y , y seem to us a great deal better than it really is . The fa ct i s that for year s we have looked at it i n shade

d s in r a n d i n r d i n n a n un , sto m calm , showe a n Shi e , T 1 TH E BRONTE COUN RY . 05 by day a n d by n ight ; have seen it un der every kin d

u r n u n a n d un i n i ts - n of o twa d i ﬂ e ce , have fo d ever varyi g face a sOla c e a nd a ble ssin g ; have lea rn ed to love it a s a child does i ts mother ; have looked to see i ts

c n i n th e m n n a n d st n aspe t the ﬁrst thi g or i g , the la thi g

n ha s s m s our so a n d at ight . It y pathi ed with rrows ,

d our . h a s n s n c n n share joys It bee ever pre e t , o sta t , a n d n C a n be n n a u ki dly . it wo dered the , that tr e a n d ten der affection h a s spr un g up i n the heart " C a n

n t u s u it be wo dered at , that hat love m t well p to the surface li ke the sparklin g sprin g

The Heavy Woollen District aboun ds i n plac es of

n s n n n a r e s u i tere t . Co ected with the Bro tes Dew b ry ,

H M ir ﬁ eld t a n d ur artshead , , Birs all , Dewsb y Moor

’ u al u Ch rches ; Roe Head , He d s Hall , Dewsb ry Moor ,

Oa kwell a R di n s a n d Kirklees Park , H ll , The y g ,

Br ookr o d s a n d u m y , Bir tall , the Red Ho se , Go ersal ,

un &c . i s in c H sworth Mills , It also rich ecclesiasti al

m n su a s u s bur re ai s , ch the Ch rche of Dews y , Batley ,

s ts Thomhill a n d Bir tall , Har head , , the old Priory of

i s . n m n n s a kwell K rklee Amo g the a sio are Howley , O ,

all s C a r li n ho Pollard H , Liver edge Hall , Kirklees , g w

’ R di n s Thomhill H l a n d Hall , The y g , Hall , eald s Ha l , 1 TH 06 E BRONTE COUN TRY .

Sta i n c liﬁ e l . i s t Ha l There also a battleﬁeld , hat of

Adwa l n a n n T o to Moor, d sieges were sustai ed by h mhill

a n d u n v . Hall Howley Hall, d ri g the Ci il Wa rs

A m n en a n d ltogether , there is a ple scope for a ﬂowi g p ,

we must leave this in troductory portion a n d plun ge i n

u n on ds Roe Head, as previo sly stated , sta ds the Lee

a n d u ﬁ u H dders eld road , abo t ﬁve miles from

u m - n u H ddersﬁeld . It is a roo y, comfortable looki g ho se ,

n h - fa n m of Georgia date , with t ree tiers of old shio ed se i

ul r n n ou u n circ a bow wi dows , looki g t po a sweetly

s n a c s — a lopi g coun try , b ked by the wood of Kirklees

li ttle bit of un con tamin ated n ature amon g surroun di n gs

a n m . n h black d gloo y Whe C arlotte was here at school ,

- we are in formed she was shy a n d plain lookin g . It was

here that she formed the life-lon g frien dship with the

” ’ “ . a n d . . G a skell s f a n d E M of Mrs Li e , here she

acqui red a great deal Of the in formation used afterwards

n i s c i n the productio of Shirley . Roe Head a pla e

about which we have been able to glean very li ttle

u in formation . It was built abo t the middle of last

n u a n d u un d u t a ce t ry , is s pposed to be ha te , the r s le of

Silk dress havin g been hear d at times i n the upper

10 TH E 8 BRONTE COUNTRY .

t s n n ou t s sk &c . hi , poi ti g the Shadow , the peeps of y,

At o n sh e s n i n n C wa Bridge , used to ta d the bur , or

” on s n ﬂow . l a to e , to watch the water by Here a so , th e in ﬂuen ces of the b usy world touched the still life

’ of s o i n i n u the girl b a r d g school . They felt to ch with

a n d a s in on n d Leeds Hu ddersﬁeld . The p s g wagg s a

ms n u u s i n s di n their tea , the ma fact rer their trap , or ri g on c t m n m r n d horseba k o the i porta t arkets at eithe e , kept this little female colon y fr om a ltogether forgettin g

n m s e n n n that there were withi a few ile , gr at tow s , i sti ct with bu sy life .

’ - n f u llu n Miss Wooler s story telli g ac lty , i strati g the

n d tr t s walks i n this exceedin gly in teresti g is ic , with tale

n m s m n un r of olde ti e , ade the little girl k ow this co t y

ll a n d l mu a t i n a s on we , feel a most as ch home it , the

’ ur u Haworth Moors . Her father s c acy at Dewsb ry ,

n n d o ha d a n d i cumbe cy at Hartshea , cl se to Roe Head , , n o u n t o n do bt , e abled her to have a pret y go d ge eral

d f n s o she kn owle ge o the Heavy Woolle Di trict , bef re came in to it ; for the reveren d gen tlema n was a n apt

- a n u to n story teller, d sed to delight frighte his little ﬂedgli n gs by recoun tin g man y a ghostly legen d

ho s a n d u ss s rr n of the Irish g , do btle the ti i g times TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 109

’ of the Lu ddi tes durin g Patrick s in cumben cy at

ul me for ma n a n n t Hartshead , wo d form the the y i teres

t ﬁ r i n g hour aroun d the rec ory e at Haworth . The

n ou n o n c s bei g br ght i t co ta t with the girls of the di trict,

s i n al s who were mostly Radical politics , o sharpen ed

a n d m n s her wits , ade her more ready to give reaso for her adhesion to the other side . Taken together with

n s e a s n su un n s the ext school where h w se t , the rro di g

“ a n d in ﬂuen ces at work upon her at Roe Head were

di n o u I n u i n u s excee gly p werf l factors mo ld g her tho ght , a n d i n our opin ion were quite a s importan t i n their

u n n m n h a n d res lt , as the e viro e t of Hawort the moors , later on .

om 1882 to 1 885 o n m Fr , Charl tte remai ed at ho e , a n d retur n ed i n the latter year a s a teacher to Roe

a n s a s u l . u r n He d , taki g her ister a p pi with her D i g

n he u n s this seco d period at Roe Head , S paid freq e t visit

“ t n . a n d M . s a n d o her frie ds , E , at Bir tall

m e n i n k n Go ersal , these plac s bei g with easy wal i g

’ I n 1 c m distan ce. 886, Miss Wooler s s hool was re oved

’ u s u m n to Heald s Ho e , Dewsb ry Moor , al ost the ext

n u s n d c o buildi g to Sq irrel Hall , the ﬁr t residen ce a s h ol

mm n o n . s m u of Ha o d R berso At thi ti e , Dewsb ry Moor 1 10 THE BRONTE COUNTRY.

n . with gorse bu shes a n d clu mps of bracke Now, it is a

d n stran ge medley of the an cien t a n the moder , old

- - ew homesteads placed alon gside spick a n d span n

n u n n cottages a n d mills , the at ral gree sward bei g

’

H ea ld s H ouse Dew bur M oor . , s g

gr adually covered by the bu ildin g requir emen ts of the

. u i s n on e n age This ho se rather a oteworthy , havi g

been u sed by the followers of George Fox as a meetin g

a n d . . . place , it was also the birthplace of the Rev W M

. n Heald , M D . , who is believed by some perso s to be the

” ori i n a l . H a ll g of the Rev Cyril , of Shirley , from

1 12 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

’ u n u D ri g the stay of Charlotte at Heald s Ho se , she is

m n li n a s n di n u reme bered by perso s still vi g bei g a mi tive ,

sh i n n . n n wa s y body , dressed a little plai cloak A e a

w u o m n . pupil at De sb ry Mo r, E ily havi g had to go back m from Roe Head to the oorlan d breezes of Haworth .

’ " r en . hn hu u on The gi ls u sed to att d St Jo s C rch , sit ated

u h n n Crow Trees Hill , Dewsb ry Moor , w ich had o ly bee con secrated some ten years previously by Archbishop

mm n b n n u . Harco rt , the Rev Ha o d Ro erso bei g the

a n t n n ﬁn e n n u pre cher o hat occasio . O eve i gs they sed

u hu the n to go to Dewsb ry Parish C rch , where ve erated

u u a n d n u B ckworth had j st died , bee s cceeded by the

. Allbutt . . wa s on e Rev Thomas , M A , whose ﬁrst wife of

s n ow the Mis es Wooler , at whose school Charlotte was a

On n e n ss a n m teacher . o occasio , Mi Wooler d so e of her pupils were about to visit the ﬁrst exhibition i n

s a n d n n ul Leed , the har ess of the po y which p led the

un - a n d m m covered co try cart broke , they had to co e ho e again . Mrs . Gaskell states that the air of Dewsbury

Moor was n ot so bracin g as the elevated region of Roe

but n i s Head , really , we thi k this scarcely correct , for

’ Heald s Hou se i s situ ated on the top of the in verted

F or i c tur of t i s uil i n see h a t r . p e h b d g, C p e II T O THE BRON E C UNTRY . 1 18

n n n bowl described at the begi i g of this chapter , is

a n d n in th e a n emin en tly healthy locality, reside ce immediate n eighbourhood for six years ought to en title

o r n n . a m n u opi io to some weight The fact is , the d p ess

m s n u of the at o phere , there bei g a heavy clay s bsoil , was by n o mean s the proper residen ce for a con sumptive

u n n child like An n e . No do bt Charlotte Spe t ma y happy

a n on ur d a n d s days here , especi lly whe Sat ays holiday

n . n d she visited her faithful frie ds , E a M .

o n ur us u Bef re leavi g Dewsb y Moor , let recapit late a

a n d n i n c on n eCted rm little , show agai , a fo , what

n a n d i n m n perso s places this district are of i porta ce .

n s u n un u The i tit tio of S day schools at Dewsb ry ,

’ Hammon d Roberson s curacy a n d residen ce at Squ irrel

’ n d u H a llile Hall , almost ext door to Heal s Ho se , the y

‘ a l ur on e m f mi y of Dewsb y, of who (the Sykes of

. n u Shirley married the Rev Joh B ckworth , the

n n t n u u co ec io of the Misses Wooler with Dewsb ry Ch rch , a n d un m a n d n u s lastly, the th derstor the con ti al vi its to school frien ds a t Bir stall a n d Gomersal ; all may be grouped together as importan t fac ts i n con n ection with

’ o u n the pr d ctio of Shirley . Charlotte s min d was so saturated with the progress of Church life i n the Heavy 14 TH E O E T 1 BR NT COUN RY .

n a n d s u Woolle District , by the tale of the L ddite riots , that the n ovel ma y be said to have been simmerin g i n

n n n n her i ve tive brai for years before it was pen ed .

uld m i n u s h s n mi It wo be re iss , if, at t i poi t , we o tted to say a few words on the pleasa n t hou ses where

n s m n C harlotte spe t o a y happy days i n this di strict .

R din s i s bea utiq The y g , where she visited a y

u n i n s n n on sit ated reside ce the castellated tyle , sta di g

’ Br n a n emin en ce outside Birstall . I n Charlotte o té s

- u Thorn ﬁeld i n n word pict re of Ja e Eyre , we have

n the description of this bu ildin g give to the life . She

wa s r n n ot s u c on says , It of propo tio s va t, tho gh

’ ’ n m n s m n u n ot n m n si der a ble ; a ge tle a a or ho se , a oble a s seat ; battlemen ts roun d the top gave it a pictur esque

n out m un look . Its grey fro t stood well fro the backgro d

f r n n n n ow on o a rooke y , whose cawi g te a ts were the win g they ﬂew over the la wn a n d groun ds to alight in

m m s ra a great eadow , fro which the e were sepa ted by a

u n n a n d a n m n s k fe ce , where array of ighty old thor

n n a n d a s s " n trees , stro g , k otty , broad oak , at o ce

’ n n n explain ed the etymology of the man sio s desig atio .

n Br n si t Th e R di n t r r a Whe Cha rlotte o te vi ed y gs, he e we e

n um r f ﬁ n l rn r ed a n d i t i n the a r . be o e doub e tho s, wh e, p k

TH E T C T 1 1 BRON E OUN RY . 7

Hills seemin g to embrace Thor n ﬁeld .

The church of the di strict stood n ear er Thorn ﬁ eld ; its old tower top looked over a kn oll between the hou se a n d

” T “ the gates . Such i s the horn ﬁ eld of Jan e Eyre to - n n m h n e n day , o ly the oise of ac i ery , the pr se ce of

n n a n d i n n ew &c . lo g chim eys , the mak g of roads , , have

mu u u n a n d u i robbed it of ch of its q iet secl sio , c rta led i ts groun ds to a very modest ﬁeld in stead of a large

r . I n pa k former times , before the Leeds a n d

u c ut h u r H ddersﬁeld road was t ro gh the pa k , The

R di n s u ul s n n y g was a bea tif re ide ce , with pleasa t su un di n a n d ﬁ h rro gs , where grottoes , waterfalls , s

on n u a n d i n u - p ds were co str cted, whose woods bl e bells a n d starwort wan ton ed i n sprin g-time in wild beauty wh m un n a n d n ere ga e was ab da t , the hare , scamperi g f hi s n o un u n rom leafy lair , was freq e t sight to the

- s b . n m pa ser y Eve yet , co paratively rare birds are shot i n a n d n these woods , occasio ally game is observed even i n ur this p ely man ufacturin g di strict .

n s m n u un d Whe Charlotte vi ited here , a tre e do s th er

t u u n a n r s orm occ rred , d ri g which chest ut t ee in th e orchard hedge was struck by lightn in g a n d thrown to th n e grou d . On e of the most strikin g pieces of word 1 18 TH E TE C T BRON OUN RY . pain tin g i n Jan e Eyr e is taken up with descri bin g this ; when Rochester proposes to Jan e Eyre i n

n n the garde , which is redole t with sweetbriar a n d

” u n - m n n a n d a ll n so ther wood , jas i e , pi k , rose , exhali g their deliciou s perfume i n that peculiarly pun gen t ma n n n h er so commo before a thun derstorm . After s e

t she on “ But accep ed him , goes to say , what had

n ni " m n n ot a n d befalle the ght The oo was yet set , we were all i n shadow . I could scarcely see my

' n An d master s face , ear as I was . what ailed the chestn ut tree 9 It wr ithed a n d groan ed ; while win d roared i n the laurel wa lk a n d came sweepin g over u s .

i out u A l vid , vivid spark leapt of a clo d at

n n d wa s s which I was looki g , a there a crack , a cra h , a n d i n a n d u nl n a close , rattl g peal ; I tho ght o y of hidi g

’ m s y dazzled eyes a gain st Mr . Rochester s houlder .

i ‘ t m i n m n n Before I lef y bed the or i g , little

Adele came ru n n in g in to tell me that the great horse c hestn ut at the bottom of theorchard had been struck

l in n i a n d u by ightn the ght ; to feel , thro gh the

O n a s v n a n d n pe gl s d or, the breathi g of a fresh fragra t

b . r oc ks a n d reeze The cawed , blither birds sa n g ; but n othin g was so merry or so mu sical a s my

T TE T 120 H E BRON COUN RY .

a n ur l n away over wood d water po ed a wild , me a choly

” li en a n d ra n off. h n wail ; it was sad to st to , I Not i g seemed to escape the observan t glan ce of Charlotte

Bron te either in the heaven s above or in the earth

n a n d di n m n n in be eath , the extraor ary a er which she m n a n d m akes her characters , sce es , weather see to

sympathise with on e an other is almost magical . We

ﬁn li n n - l n u a n m d the ght i gb asted tree agai sed as i age ,

n l n an d n whe Rochester , b i d crippled , says he is o better than the lightn in g-struck chestn ut tree i n

l - s Th orn ﬁ eld orchard . The ightn in g struck tree wa a

u llu n n t favo rite i stratio with the Bro e family , for the

u s i n on e m n father se it of his ser o s .

The R ydi n gs is un doubtedly the Thorn ﬁ eld Hall of

Jan e Eyre but much of that story is derived

from a legen d con n ected with a well - kn own coun try

in man sion North Yorkshire . I n th e deeds of The

R di n s th e m r I V. y g , which date back to ti e of Edwa d ,

th e n u wn um n P o ele s ames of s ch o ers as Bea o ts , p y ,

G n n n a n d o t Batts , ree s , Hopki so s thers , are here to be

un d. I n u l fo the days of J stice Wa ker, who lived

in n u n here the early part of this ce t ry, a chairi g wa s

n n n M . P n i n held , whe Lord Milto , the was e terta ed TH E 1 2 BRONTE COUNTRY . 1

n T di n s n r by the ow er of he R y g . We are i fo med by on e who witn essed the ceremon y that hi s Lordship was but - a red headed lad at the time . Courts were held at

u u t al i u this ho se before J s ice W ker , who was a ret red co rt

n a n fa il physicia , d the ﬁrst of fou r members of the m y who have been medical atten dan ts on royalty . He was

’ -un n u n s the great cle of Miss Elle N ssey , Charlotte Bro te

f - n n n i s n li e lo g frien d, a n d co seque tly worthy of i terest

to readers of this work .

Although ma n y person s are of opin ion that The

” R di n s y g is the Thor n ﬁ eld Hall of Jan e Eyre ,

n n n s a other party lean s to the belief that Norto Co yer , n n i r n t ear Ripo , the seat of S Regi ald Graham, Bar , i s n n - the origin al . Norto Co yers is a three storied m n u u t n t n a n d t a or ho se of the fo r ee h ce tury , is bat le men ted but n ot n T R di n s , to the exte t of he y g , the

m n n n m battle e ts bei g , at the prese t day , at least , ere m Sha s , with the embrasur es built up .

a n d a n but s There is also the rookery the g rde s , thi

On th e oc c a si on of or ilton a t R di n s a n old a m L d M The y g , d e of or oli ti c s a n i n to see th e i c tori ous i sc oun t a ssi n T y p , h ppe g v V p g h er oor i n a c a rri a surr oun a c ri n mob c a ll out d ge, ded by hee g , ed , ’ ’ ” “ Ger on wi a a h l ilton a a t th e sa m tim ﬂin i n h er , y , M y , e e g g a tten s t r ou the a wi n w n n o p h gh c a rri ge do , ha ppily oc c a si on i g i n ur th j y to e oc c upa n t. 1 22 TH E O T T BR N E COUN RY .

- n ot a ll. n er n is The i t ior of the hall , oak pa elled a n d

wi r men i n m u covered th port aits of ar o r , the brass

n dl a n d ou the un n n u ha es d ble doors , te a ted pper storey ,

’ o n u a n d h the p sitio of the ho sekeeper s room , t e broa d oa k s n taircase , all a swer to the description i n Jan e

n Eyre . Agai , the lovely prospect from th e upper w n o i dows , of the br ad park , dotted with its an cien t

a n d ur timber , the vale of Yore , the ch ch at the gates

n ten t en semble “ (Wath) , the dista t hills , the of grove ,

” u a n d n i n past re gree h ll , might rather apply to Norto

n n di n s . in Co yers tha to The R y g However , the pr cipal peg which con n ects this an cien t man or house with the n e i s ma d m n wa s i n ov l , the fact that a wo a kept close con ﬁn emen t i n the third storey at some time durin g

s n tu but m the la t ce ry , as to who she was or how she ca e

“ ” i s n . 105 n r there , there o record At page of Ja e Ey e , we rea d Some of the third storey rooms were

n in terestin g from their air of an tiquity . The fur iture

n w n o ce appropriated to the lo er apartme ts , had , from ti m9 t n m n s n to ime , bee re oved here as fashio cha ged ; a n d the imperfect light en terin g by their n arrow

em n s un ea s e t , Showed bedsteads of a h dred years old ;

u k n t i n e chests i n oak or waln t, loo i g with he r stra g

1 24 T T HE BRONTE COUN RY .

Th orn ﬁeld l but i s i Ha l , it worth wh le to take the

r a n d n s a n d skilq t p os the co , show how y Charlo te hides the iden tity of her scen es

THE E F O O TO E CAS R N R N CONY RS .

1 - u ( ) It is a three storied ho se .

(2) Th e in terior is en tirely i n un ison with that of

Th orn ﬁ eld .

3 ma d ma n ( ) The story of the wo .

T Old u n u a he f r it re stored bove .

5 ( ) The kn ight slain at Marston Moor .

6 n s ( ) The exte ive prospect .

7 m a n d li t hi s . ( The to b of Sir Richard , E zabe h , wife

TH E E H E mN CAS F OR T R Y C s .

1 ul men i n ( ) It is a tr y battle ted res de ce .

(2) The story Of th e thun derstorm durin g Charlotte

’ Br n o té s n E . a t u . visit to her frie d , this ho se

(3) The presen ce of the double - ﬂower i n g thorn s i n a n d n n m n s n the park , the ami g of the a io

c a cordin gly .

P I T I O N S N COM M ON .

u un The ch rch at the gates , the rookery , the s k

n a n d n ua fe ce , the garde s are all eq lly applicable

to the on e as to the other . T T T HE BRON E COUN RY . 125

THE C E GAI T TH E N AS A NS R Ym C s .

1 n - r a n d ( ) It is o ly two sto ied , there is little prospect

m n fro its wi dows .

(2) It is n ot a hou se of the size a n d importan ce Of

n n a n d a Norto Co yers , the g rrets described i n Jan e

n n Eyre are precisely like those at Norto Co yers .

(8) There is n o story of a ma d woman at The

R ydi n gs ; n or

n (4) An y con n ection wi th Marsto Moor.

The pictur e i n the illustr ated edi tion Of “ Jan e Eyre

t i nl R di n s is cer a y The y g , with a storey added to it .

It is quite possible that Charlotte paid a visit to

n on u n f m Norto C yers d ri g the li eti e of the late baron et ,

n O n un i n a n d n whe it was fte habited ope to visitors , a n d heari n g the story Of the mad woman a n d the slain

l e r n in n cava ier, sketch d a hyb id reside ce the ovel ,

n in the r n Of di n u a swer g to appea a ce The Ry gs o tside , a n d to Norton Con yers in si de . Thu s we ﬁ n d that man y Of her scen es are so skilfully in termixed with

n n h u o i cide ts w ich occ rred elsewhere , that it is imp ssible

ut ur n on t a n d n u n to p yo ﬁ ger the exac place , co seq e tly the iden tiﬁcation of the localities is a work of great un certa in ty a n d of compar a tively little momen t . We T O 1 26 TH E BRON E C UNTRY . still adhere to our open in g statemen t that her works are i n u l m n n a n d great part the prod ctof a ively i agi atio , there

n n i s n o great en d to be served by peeri g in to suc h thi gs .

We have been in duced to go somewhat deeply in to this s n n un Of n a n un Of ce e , o acco t havi g had Opport ity thoroughly in spectin g this an cien t man or hou se .

m n n n n n n i s Apart fro the Bro te co ectio , Norto Co yers

n i n h e n ma sa i terest g to t a tiquaria n . We y y that the story Of Cromwell havin g come there a n d in sulted the

i r n dead body of S Richard after Marsto Moor , is a

a n un dh a e su f bricatio . The Ro e d l ader did as redly pay

u s m s n ot a visit abo t thi ti e to Ripley Ca tle , very far

’

n bu n m n s n . dista t , t he ever ca e to the Grah a ms ma io

m n i n s e m m I . on There are re i i ce c s of a vis t fro Ja es , hi s m n n n hi s n a n progress fro Scotla d to Lo do for coro tio , in 1608 a n d Old s n , the oak bed tead o which he slept i s s l n out. a til poi ted Ch rles I . also sta yed here ﬁve days

t n u s bu twhe h r i wai i gfor s pplie , t e th s visit took place when on S s n n his cotti h expeditio s , or whe i n the time Of the

v n ot m to Ci il War , does see be accurately kn own . The

n - n u n bowli g gree po which he played i s still to be seen .

n Si r o m m Whe Richard had gall ped ho e fro Marston , sick un to death wi th his woun ds, he rode his tru sty

1 T E T 28 H BRON E COUNTRY .

shrouded i n lustrous garlan ds Of i vy. The great storm

1 881 u of October , , ca sed sad havoc here as elsewhere ,

n - but ma y wood gian ts still survive . The ou tlook

n from Norto is beautiful . To the left are seen the

n t m di n towers of Ripo Cathedral, hree iles sta t , while to

n w u n u n the right stretches a gree , s eetly d lati g , wooded

un n u co try , backed by the We sleydale moors , thro gh which slowly twist i n serpen tin e con volution s the

. u u waters of the Yore All abo t the ho se , peacocks

u n n n Of are perched po the walls , prese ti g a blaze colour again st the an cien t rough - cast walls Of the

n n m m Of Si r ma sio . The statue erected to the e ory

m m m r evolu Richard , with so e bird of prey e ble atic of

on n n a n on e - ti , faste i g its t lo s the h ad piece of a warrior , looksca lmlydown upon thi s quiet scen e— a happycon trast

n n m n to the da y whe the brave k ight , gashed with a y a

un m m on . deadly wo d , rode ho ewards fro the fray at Marst

n n u n It is very easy , to a yo e acq ai ted with the Heavy

n n r u n r Woollen District , after readi g Ja e Ey e , to de

n m . n n stan d how Charlotte chose her a es For i sta ce ,

Fa irfax is well kn own a rou n d Birstall a s the n ame of the Parliamen tary leader at the n eighbourin g battle of

A a l n in 1 48 n dw to Moor, 6 . The doctor , of Ja e Eyre , THE B TE 1 2 RON COUNTRY . 9

r su u s m n i n n m (Mr . Carter) bea s a spicio rese bla ce a e to

m l s i n s r a fa i y , the member of which practised this di t ict

n n a n d on e Of w n for at least two ge eratio s , hom atte ded the Bron tes at Hartshead .

Birstall i s a capital cen tra l poin t for i n vestigatin g

un t . u n n the Shirley Co ry As previo sly me tio ed , aroun d this town lie the houses which Charlotte

on S u s a n d un a t visited her at rday S days , while

’ Miss Wooler s schools at Roe Head a n d Dewsbury

I n mm t n u Moor . the i edia e eighbo rhood are the real

F i eldh ea d a n d B n a n d l u riar Mai s , Birsta l Ch rch

Bri a r ﬁeld u n itself is the Ch rch of Shirley . A yon e acqu ain ted with Birstall mu st have had a rather obtuse crani um who could n ot iden tify su ch n ames a s

r rﬁ ld u I n n M a i n e a n d F i eld e B i a e , Red Ho se , Briar , h a d,

i s R di n s for there a Briar Hall there , above The y g ,

i ou m n wh le the Red H se at Go ersal , the reside ce of the

m a n d F i eldh ea d t of Taylor fa ily , , the bir hplace

’ n m l s Priestley , are withi a i e s walk of Bir tall ur . ' Ch ch n u n R u shed e Whi n bur a n d Agai , s ch ames as g , y,

N un n eley are a ll su spiciou sly like familiar West Ridi n g

-n m n m place a es . The a es of the Yorkshire characters in Shirley have all a smack of the Heavy Woollen x 0 TH E E 1 3 BRONT COUNTRY .

s u m u a s S n n nl Di trict abo t the , s ch ykes , Ma , Ai ey ,

s n m u a n d t . Pear o , Ar itage , Barraclo gh , Sco t The c n m r a n a n d a n lergyme , fro all pa ts of Great Brit i Irel d , a s n da a n d n b at the prese t y , the i evita le Scotch

c o M a c Turk s m i n do t r , , all ee to ﬁt so well

Bri a rﬁ eld - a a s n o n with the of to day , th t it w wo der

” loc a le wa s s n that the of Shirley o soo u n earthed .

Yet the characters a n d scen es had n o con n ection i n

a n d she e n - n n u reality , p oples certai well k ow ho ses with i m n l a n d s u n ates who ever ived there , hoves abo t her characters till they are perfectly un recogn isable as the

O n a ll a n d n u n rigi als at , the co cl sio we have arrived at is that n on e of her charac ters are portraits . They are

Simply imagin ative studies worked u p on a framework

” Of a n d i s u n ot nl Of i e but a fact , this tr e , o y Sh rl y , lso of n Of her other works , with perhaps the exceptio

V u s a n d illette , where the tr e tory of her trivial life

” s tun i s s . n mi for e ketched fearlessly The sce es , however ,

un n a s s are erri gly correct as photographs , we hall show ,

n in n s a n d this is favourable for our desig writi g thi work , for i n man y in stan ces the description s of hou ses a n d

n i n n m ﬁtti n l scen ery c a n be give her ow words ost gy,

off i n a n d these masterly sketches , dashed a fewwords , are

1 32 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . paradise but all that is glorious on earth shin es there

i . n me a n d n m st ll She is taki g to her bosom , showi g e

” ' . n u u Of n u a ﬁ eeti on her heart This gra d o tb rst at ral ,

on n i s n i n u n this rapt reverie the dyi g day , broke po by

m n l t t n for mm a m so ethi g rea ly s ar li g , i ediately s all

m n - a n d ll m r n co pa y of red coats ride past , Wi ia Far e

u s l issu es from the ch rch with a child creamin g lusti y .

t n Here , we have Charlot e Bro te at her best , descriptive writin g of the highest class combin ed with powerful

n n u m imagi ative work , ever tedio s , for im ediately followed by the n arration Of in c iden ts of stron g human

n . r a n d n n n i terest Here , Shi ley Caroli e spe t the ight when the followers of Kin g Lu d were marchin g on

i mu s n t t n o Hollows M ll . The very a i g chap ers rela i g t

Of in n n the visit Carol e Helsto e to Gerard Moore , whe

un t n Bri a rﬁ eld a n d wo ded, are also rela i g to the district ;

n u n t n e we have a peep i side the ch rch , whe Mar i York goes thither to commun icate with Miss Helston e a s to

’ n a ll n n d her lover s health , whe we are told the li ed a cushion ed pews were empty ; on ly on the bar e oaken seats sa t ran ged the grey -haired elders a n d feeble

u pa pers . We are also told that when the Open in g Of

on un 1 8th 1 12 n s the Ports took place J e , 8 , the ri ger TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 133

n c ra cked a bell i n Bri a rﬁ eld Church . The ﬁ al scen e of

r out in u n Shi ley is played this ch rch , whe Robert a n d Louis Moore are respec tively married to Carolin e

e H elston e a n d Shirley K elda r .

l u Bir sta l GBc .

l h h a V a s Birstal C ur c n d the old icarage are , we are

” i n n i n a n d told Shirley , pleasa tly bowered trees, are

n n ell F i eldhea d Of promi e t objects from Oa kw Hall , the

” S r . a out hi ley Birstall is a very large p rish , of which

several smaller parishes have i n course Of time been

- c . u n a n d c arved It is the seat of a r ri deaco ry , the vi ar ,

. n n the u a n . u the Rev Ca o Kemp , is r ral de The ch rch 1 34 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

n n i n G n e is a sto e buildi g the othic style , has a av ,

n a n d ﬁn e n t n i n aisles , cha cel , embattled tower, co ai g

u n u e eight bells . Three b ildi gs are s pposed to hav

v u n i m s existed pre io sly to the prese t ed ﬁce , which is al o t

n r n e i n 1 8 0 n n u of e ti ely w 7 , the o ly portio of the ch rch

’ r n n n ﬁn Hen y VI I I . s time remai i g bei g the e embattled

n f i l n s tower . The advowso O B rsta l belo ged to the Prior

N ostel a n d i n 1 12 ﬁ n d lli m of , 3 , we Wi a de Birstall ,

Of N ostel n n . On n Prior , resig i g the orth side of the

u Of altar is the b rial place the Nevilles , of Liversedge

u mi i n O n a n d on u Hall , a powerf l fa ly lde days ; the so th

Oa kwell l s side , that of the Batts of Ha l , both familie

n i n . s c hurc h n ow exti ct this district The re tored , costin g i s on e of the most beautiful ecclesiastical buildin gs i n the Heavy Woollen District.

m n ﬁn e s n n i n u h There are a y tai ed wi dows the ch rc ,

n n An un ei a i n t Our o e treati g of the t o , the Bir h of

u n i n a n d n Savio r , Simeo the Temple , the Adoratio of

i s te “ r G a n d i n the Magi , erec d To the Glo y of od ,

m . m n me ory of the Rev Willia Margetso Heald, M . A

H n . n n n n o Ca o of Ripo , for early forty years the beloved a n d h u v fa it f l icar of this parish , who died September

25th A .D . 18 5 . n t , 7 This wi dow is erec ed by the

1 36 THE BRONTE COUNTRY .

J n n MD u un ni n oh Brow , the a thor of the Br o a

n a n d Theory of Medicin e , was a ative of Berwickshire ,

i n n n i n died in comparative obscurity Lo do , last

n Of mu ur c e tury . His theory has been the basis ch of o

n most truly scien tiﬁc treatmen t i n modern medici e .

D r . i n t a n d Heald was a liberal poli ics , was greatly

i n respected the parish .

There are man y Objects of in terest i n Birstall

u d a n un ul ch rchyar , for acco t of which , we wo d refer

’ ” rd u the reader to Sc a tc he s Morley . We m st adhere m n u a n d n s ai ly to the s bject proper , ever lose ight

‘ n i of the Bro tes n our n a rration of historical partic ulars .

u f m u i s a k ll l . Abo t hal a mile fro the ch rch , O we Ha l

hi F i eldhe d l f T s is the a Ha l O Shirley . This old man or house stan ds on a con siderable emin en ce over

o n i l n d n i n lo ki g B rsta l , a correspo ds exactly to the strik g

” n I n n sketch give in Shirley . fro t of it are the

n mea t a n d n n remai s of a , the stro g positio of the

u n n r m n out b ildi g , as see f o the valley below, poi ts

n on e i n n Of its time of erectio , as which the da ger c ivil war or even in vasion had n ot en tirely passed away

n Of men . e from the mi ds The dat over the doorway, o un i 1 a n d verh g w th glossy ivy , is 583 , the whole 1 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 37

s charac ter of the buildin g is Elizabethan . The be t

f m s Old m poin t of view ro which to ee this hall , is fro a i n F i el ea d n in n n bove dh La e , where , look g dow i to

Oa kwell u a n d m the valley , , Birstall Ch rch , Go ersal , are a ll brought in to on e pictur e . A smoky haze ma y

Oa kwell H a ll.

n m n but un u n ha g over the a sion , ro d abo t it are gree

e n a n d in s t ﬁelds , chatt ri g brooks , wav g wood which af er

n n u i u a n d i n rai look fresh a d bea t f l , whether the

r n i n verdan t d ess of spri g , or the days of the sear a n d set off f n em yellow leaf, help to to per ectio this g

n n a ll n of a cie t times , with its historic associatio s

’ n n . n s e l cli gi g to it Everyo e who ha read Mrs . Ga sk l s TH E O 1 38 BR NTE COUNTRY .

“ f n e i s mi m Li e of Charlotte Bro t , fa liar with the fa ilies

n s u a n d n a n d who ow ed thi ho se la ds , the Batts the

F ea rnl e s. F ea ml e e n y Fairfax y, the celebrat d sessio s

ft lawyer , who resided here a er the days Of the Batts , i n n u n m i n last ce t ry , held a great hun ti g atch the n ou i n 1 63 a n d n Of eighb rhood , 7 , the a tlers the stag

killed on that occasion are still to be seen han gin g

i n n a n d n n m m the pa elled hall , depe di g fro the a card

con tain in g the n ames of the fourteen lucky on es

who had enjoyed the chase a n d din ed on the ven ison .

’ m n i r n H i s a s A o g them , were S Fletcher Norto , M jesty

n - n a s on e s ur e u Attor ey Ge eral , who w of the most di co t o s

men n n wa s n of his time . O on e occasio he pleadi g

before Lord Man sﬁeld on some question of man orial

a n d un un i c a n llu s r right , fort ately sa d , My Lord , I i t ate m o n n n i n own e s n . the p i t in a n i sta t my p r o I , yself,

n u have two little man ors (ma n ers) . The j dge

immedia tely in terposed i n his blan dest man n er with

a ll n . the apt retort , We k ow it , Sir Fletcher

n n c c n n e mm n O a other o asio , whe , as Speak r of the Co o s ,

n n v ll n i n prese ti gthe Ci il List Bi , he addressed the Ki g

’ the followin g extraordin ary lan guage Your Majesty s

faithful Common s have n ow gran ted to your Ma jesty

1 TH E TE 40 BRON COUNTRY .

K eelda r ha d a n en n n had ever exist ce , if i stead of bei g the daun tless Emily Bron te she had been drawn fr om a

l n s r u lady of the Heavy Woo le Di t ict , there wo ld have been more to take up the atten tion i n the con n ection Of

ms n s r a n d O kwell . u Shi ley a Two circ ta ce , however, c a u se a certain amoun t of fame to attach to this

i Ad a lton um local ty . The battle of w Moor , called by H e

n u m n t r Atherto Moor , took place abo t a ile dista f om

Oa kwell . I n n Oa kwell that ﬁght , Captai Batt , of ,

’ u m fo ght on the Kin g s side . The ajority of the West

men n in n ta n . Ridi g were Parliame ria s Here , however ,

m own u a the idst of their s pporters , the rmy of the

Parliamen t wa s ign omi n iou sly defeated by the Earl of

w ma n n a n d Ne castle , a more oted for his literary wife ,

i n n n hi s l for his feats horsema ship , tha for mi itary

’ n . n n a u tale ts At Atherto , the Ki g s c se prospered well,

n n a n d son Lord Ferdi a do Fairfax his , Sir Thomas ,

n a afterwards the great Lord Fairfax , havi g to retre t , m a i f . la the former to Bradford , the l tter to Hal ax A ,

’ n a n un Oa kwell styled Warre s L e , which r s past , was i the route taken by Si r Thomas i n his ﬂ ght . The

t im i n n n but Royalist cause wa s at tha t e the asce da t , it

u n n was but a ﬂash i n the pa n . The ho r a d the ma had TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 1 41 n ot n r m n n yet come , whe the Pa lia e t bore dow all before

m a n d n but - m n the , the brillia t , short sighted o arch , was

i n a close captive n the ha ds of hi s en emies . Here it ma a s n ot u y be observed a fact , perhaps m ch dwelt

u n n s . wa s on e po by historia s , that Charle I of the greatest patron s of the arts who ever occupied the

n l n a n d u n n E g ish thro e , d ri g his reig artists ﬂocked

m a ll n s n u fro e d of the earth to the E glish co rt, where

n c me a n d they received a oble wel o , were well rewarded

ua s on e i for their work . The St rt period wa rich n

u a n d in a n d u u literat re art , whatever virt es the Ho se

n ma l n n i n of Ha over y possess , they wil ever reig the

a s hearts of the people did their predecessors. The lust for absolute power wrecked mon arc hs who were otherwise

di n ul a a n d n o n excee gly pop r , , be it observed , E glish court wa s more thrown open to the possessors of literary

n d n us n Of u n a artistic ge i tha that the St ar t sovereig s .

I n n n n Ad a lton co ectio with the Battle of w , the followin g en try occurs in the register of baptisms at

m n m u 1643 . um Birstall Ch rch Me ora d , that fro about the 6 of April bein g this mon th un till the 2oth day

’ of Julie followi n ge the Earle of Newcastle s a rmi e did ban ish suc h min isters a s took part with the Kin ge TH 142 E BRON TE COUNTRY .

a n d l n a n d d n . Par iame t , so diverse chil re were omitted

u r u n u n . Th s , the vica at that time m st have bee a P rita

n un 20th The siege of Howley Hall took place o J e ,

d Ad l n on 3oth 1 643 . a n the Battle of wa to Moor Jun e ,

A ﬁn e portrait of Newcastle c a n be seen i n the hall

’ l n n n n u n of the Drigh i gto Mecha ics I stit te , prese ted by

n s Of n a n d ul Colo el Tempe t To g Hall , we sho d advise

the Bron te pilgr im to see this coun terfeit presen tmen t

of the loyal c a va li er ﬁ‘

On e of the most emin en t men of scien ce ever

u n F i el prod ced by Yorkshire , spra g from dhea d , close

Oa kwell a n d Adwa lton i n 1 3 i n n to Moor , 7 3 , the perso

n n n o a of Joseph Priestley, emi e t less s a chemical

n n ul a f pio eer, tha as a pop r advocate O free thought

i n u m religio s atters . He was the disc overer of carbon ic

n a n d m n T acid , of oxyge a y other importan t gases . he

son a v n n of Cal i istic clothier , he was desti ed for the

n n mi ni a n d n No co formist stry , became the pastor of a

Un itarian chapel i n Leeds . Here he di scovered carbon ic

acid gas . He then became private librarian to the

F or full c l f dw l f pa rti u a r s o A a ton ﬁght, see the Duc h ess o ’ ’ ” wc a stl s i f of her us a n i st r s Auto i o ra Ne e L e h b d, L e b g phy, ’ ” ’ S tc h erd m f r t c a s Morley, a n d Ma rkha s Li fe o th e g ea ” or L d Fa irfa x .

TH 1 44 E BRONTE COUNTRY .

u . l m n n Ho se Here , lived the Tay ors , school co pa io s of

’ a n d ma n u Charlotte s , here , y a spirited disc ssion took

c n u C h ur c h u pla e betwee the da ghter of the , a tr e Tory

b n a n d r ed- so to the ackbo e , the family of hot Radicals ,

n r n typical of this district eve at the p ese t day . The chara cters of Yorke a n d hi s family will live for ever a s true portraits of the best class of Yorkshire ma n ufa c

u n m u u a n d m- a n d t ri g fa ilies , c lt red war hearted , yet

u a n d un u . u i m withal , ro gh co th Josh a Taylor (H ra

wa s ma n n a n d m Yorke) , a of great e ergy , beca e rich by

r but wa s u u n m n . A t ade , of a pec liar t r of i d n an cestor

u n u but i s n of his b ilt a chapel ear by the ho se , it ow

n con verted i to c ottages . This is the celebrated Briar

” r n i n s e e m Chapel of Shi ley , where the ra t g c n ha es

i n a n d i s u n d n all descript o , a tr e , if stra gely raw picture

u m n u mm n m n of religio s excite e t, s ch as is co o a o g the m toili n g asses i n this di strict . The Red Hou se mu st always be a n object of in terest to the appreciative

” n n d reader of Shirley , for the sce es where Yorke a

M r s . u m n m mu n Yorke ﬁg re , are a o g the ost a si g , are the light a n d airy work which sets off to the full the

’ ’ gran d solid mason ry of Moore s struggles a n d H elston e s heroism THE BRONTE COUNTRY . 145

Gomersal is n ot without its memories of a visit from

All i s i n Oliver Heywood i n 1 679 . this district ri ch

m a n w Non con formist me ories , d is also associated ith

m in G me Luddi sm , for a aker of shear frames o rsal used to have his workshop guarded n ight a n d da y

1 2 i n vi u f a n durin g 81 . Yet , this llage , f ll O chapels d

‘ r a ue h Radi cals of the deepest dye , the P imrose Le g a s

un t a n d lately fo ded the Shirley Habi ation , it bids fai r

m n to be a ﬂourishin g in stitution . This oder product of n m n n s b m Co servatis , pla ti g it elf close y the whilo

i m a lm n abode of H ra Yorke , seems ost like a j udgme t upon hi s memory for the bitter an a themas which he

ur c a n d a n hurled at the Ch h State , d is on e of the most extraordin ary reven ges which the Whirligig of time ha s eﬂec ted i n this di strict . Shirley K eelda r was a n

mi n un compro si g Tory , yet it shows con siderable pluck for this organi sation to have chosen Gomersal a s a

n n cen tre of operatio s . Charlotte Bro te little thought tha t a Con servative associa tion would establish itself

b Bri a r ma in s n m close y , redole t with me ories of

u n n m n i n n o u . Rep blica se ti e ts , stated meas red terms

n u n u ll The ext b ildi g to Red Ho se is Po a rd Ha ll , a

ﬁn e i n n a t n El zabetha reside ce , lmos lost amo g 1 46 TH E O E C UN T BR NT O RY . su un n a n d n rro di g trees , early covered by Wisteria a n d

m i n . s n i n other cli bers This otable as the reside ce , the

a n u n u u e rly part of the ce t ry , of Herbert K owles , a yo thf l

n o n wa poet of mea powers , who s patron ised by Lord

H i “ Spen cer a n d Southey . s Lin es written i n Richmon d

u m I n Ch rchyard are of a very high order of erit . the

1 824 s Literary Gazette of , are to be foun d everal of

m n the poe s of this Yorkshire Chatterto , who died at

n " the early age of n i eteen years .

Br ookr o d n y , where Charlotte visited her frie d E . on n i s u R di n s several occasio s , sit ated opposite the y g , on but n o ul n a the hillside , partic ar i terest att ches to

n m i n w ui di so wi . a s the b l g , we ll dis iss this a word It ,

n a s we believe , while livi g here a visitor, that she

a n d m d n o corrected the proofs of Shirley , yet a e

Sign to her frien ds of her in ten tion of becomin g a n

n n m on e sa w a u thoress . We have bee i for ed by who

sh e m ll . her here , that had the s a est of feet

un n n i n S en H sworth Mills , ear Cleckheato the p

V n o m ll a n d m i s alley , t far fro Birsta Go ersal , the

” l i n S a n d prototype of Ho lows Mill , hirley , the

m on e n valley of the beck , which for s of the bra ches of

” orthi s R ev. B. . a lor B. A . . 266 & c . See Leeds W e , by V T y , , p ,

1 48 TH E BR ONTE COUNTRY .

n a m n i n u exte sive woods , o g these be g Firdale , H n s

s dl un wor th a n d Oaken shaw wood , all a me ey of st ted

r u a n d r . un w oak , gacef l birch hazel t ees The H s orth

Mills stan d at the foot of the ravin e which i s The

” i n a n d s Hollow Shirley , is de cribed graphically as

i n t . a n d a n follows , the chap er where Mrs Pryor C roli e

Helston e make a n excursi on to its plea san t quiet :

n u n m m Here , whe yo had wa dered half a ile fro the

u un n s u oun i n mill , yo fo d a se se of deep olit de ; f d it the shade of un molested tr ees ; rec eived it i n the

n n m n m si gi g of a y birds , for which that shade ade

m . wa s n o n f n s f a ho e This trodde way, the resh e s O the wi ld ﬂowers attested that the foot of ma n seldom pressed them ; the aboun din g wild roses looked a s if

u m a n d un they b dded , bloo ed , faded der the watch of

’ i u solitude as n a sultan s harem . Here yo saw the

a u u l a n d n i n - sweet z re of bl ebe ls , recog ised pearl white

m n n a n um e m blosso s spa gli g the grass , h ble typ of so e

” - i n . i s t ll star lit spot space The Hollow like his sti ,

nl i s - n d i n a n u o y it soot grimed , a the immedi te eighbo r

a t u n a n d m n e hood are railways , f c ories , blast f r aces i s ;

while in to the beck the Oaken shaw a n d Hun s

r a lo w od a n d n u wo th Mills excrete deep g cp i digo mixt re, TH E E BRONT COUN TRY . 149

’ remin din g u s of the tru th of Moore s prophecy i n

” l u Shirley, where he says , I wi l po r the waters Of

u u a n d n Pactol s thro gh the valley , Caroli e replies

” u n m I like the beck a tho sa d ti es better . Above

n Mi i s a s u a s Oake shaw lls the beck p re crystal .

un ll uil n i n 1 H sworth Mi s were b t origi ally 785 , by

. n a n n u Mr Joh Taylor , a cestor of Josh a Taylor , the Hiram Yorke of Shirley Yorke Mills are

n n i n n o u n n me tio ed Shirley , do bt also i te ded for

u m un s Hun sworth . Abo t a ile above H worth Mills is

n t m u . Oake shaw , wi h a fa o s cross

n n m n s i s n m Looki g orth fro Oake haw, see the assive

r n f o t of Bierley Hall , the birthplace of the celebrated

n s n . u m l bota ist , Dr . Richard o Bierley lti ate y passed

n n s u n i to the ha ds of Mi s C rrer , of Eshto Hall , who

n on e n i n n n ow ed of the ﬁ est libraries E gla d , a part

’ of which i s still to be seen at Sir Mathew Wilson s r n n i n esiden ce at Eshto Hall ea r Sk pto . Miss Currer

u n n n was a great p blic be efactress to Cleckheato , Oake

w n d a n d u t n sha , a district ; do b less Charlotte Bro te

mu n u heard ch of this wo derf l book c ollector , pa rtly by her con n ection with the Cowan Bridge School a n d

un ur a m Of u u T stall Ch ch , the .n e C rrer s ggested itself 1 50 TH E T C BRON E OUNTRY . as a ﬁttin g christian n ame for the n om de p lume of

u n a n d u n n u a bl estocki g , there was a masc li e ri g abo t it which n o doubt ha d a fascin ation for a creative bein g like herself.

The i n u s prophec ies Shirley , a bo t rows of cottage

a n d nl l m &c . a ll en u e arged mi l pre ises , , have be f lﬁlled to bu t n u Of H un the letter, the eighbo rhood sworth is still well worth a visit when the ﬁelds a n d hedgerows

’ i n m a n d u s a n d are gay w th spri g s blosso s , every b h tree is ten an ted by a lively orchestra of feather ed

n — i n so gsters but su c h places are on ly passable May,

r n n i n n u u n di c for late o , e verythi g a ma fact ri g stri t

u n o n n but n ms gets dried p , ﬂoweri g pla ts the spri g blosso

r n a n d th r are wo th seei g , the foliage of e t ees seems blighted almost a s soon a s it has got in to full leaf w t however , we may say that The Hollo is also wor hy

n n of bei g seen i n autumn when the brac ke , blasted

a n d i n i n n tawn y some places , others a deep gree , forms a strikin g settin g for a wealth of oaks,

- s n m e n i n a beeches , guelder ro es , a d apl s , varyi g sh de

m u n n a n d n to fro a d ll brow , crimso lemo , the

n n i n brightest gree , as they are see exposed or

n shaded situatio s .

E 1 52 THE BRONT COUNTRY .

l u m o n h rr The O d Gate Ho se , fro which R bi s ot the a ow

a n d r s f before his death , his g ave , a bow hot rom the

u n a r e n . . a b ildi g, still to be see As Dr Whitt ker says ,

The . n oble r s beeches that ove shadow the tomb , the

u n a a n d n e gro p of deer that repose be e th , the deep sile c that i s on ly in terrupted by the n otes of wild or th e c Of a ll n u c ries domestic birds , co trib te to ex ite very

” n s n m pleasi n g sen satio . Beyo d the to bs a n d the

n un n i s n hi n n remain s of the old ery , there ot g of deﬁ ite a n u n n bu t m n on tiq aria i terest , a Ro a temporary post ,

m n h s u n the road fro Ma c ester to Tadca ter , sit ated ear

’ " Robin Hood s grave .

’ As we have sa id more than on ce Charlotte Bron te s

n s n l o descriptio of sce ery are photographical y c rrec t , a n d this c a n be apprecia ted to the full i n th e

n N n l i r a ccou t of un e ey Wood n Shi ley . At the

n da k i s ﬁ n e n prese t y Kir lees a E glish deer park , with en c n od n m m cir li g wo s , set dow a id the s oke of several

e m larg town s . Here is the picture fro Shirley

On N un wood— the sole remn an t of an tique British forest i n a region whose lowlan ds were on ce all sylvan

’ F or r c ula rs of i r l s a n d o i n oo see Ba i n s pa ti K k ee R b H d , e ” ’ ” Yor s i r a st a n d r s n t Vol . . mi t s Old Yor s i r k h e , P P e e , IV , S h k h e, “ ” Vol. I . Ro i n oo Ba lla s & c . & c . , b H d d , ,

1 56 TH E E C BRONT OUNTRY . c mm n . O e n m o o The very ld st of the trees , g arled , ighty

a ou n l : in m o ks , crowd ab t the bri k of this de l the botto li e n u n n u the n s of a un ery . I kn ow gro ps

Of r e t ees that ravish the eye with their perf ct ,

u - ff : u s pict re like e ects r de oak , delicate birch , glos y

us e i n c n a a n d e a s beech , cl ter d o tr st ; ash trees , stat ly

S ul n n e a n d u a n n u - a n a , sta di g isolat d , s per ated wood gi ts

” l s i v c ad i n bright shroud of y .

f r n K m n s n u ﬁ n d i n Re er i g to irklees a io ho se , we

Ja n e Eyre The ma n or house of F ern dea n wa s a u n n e a n u m s b ildi g of co sid rable tiq ity , oderate tyle , a n d n o r e u n n u i n a chit ct ral prete sio s , deep b ried

a . F rn d a n u a s ou wood e e is b ried , y see i n w w un a l u a n d , a heavy ood , here so d f ls d ll

n u i r dies u reverberatin g . S ch is K klees at the

n t i s n ot i n n a prese day . It a Show place the ge er l

m a n d u to d e i t sen se of the ter , it is seless escrib further after the gran d word -pain tin g of the N un wood which we have ready to ha n d .

s on u Near the gates of Kirklee Park , the H ddersﬁeld

i s a n r a di n n c umn n road , ext or ary sto e ol ge erally called the Dumb Steeple It is said that this was the

n u l a n d n n boun dary of the sa ct ary of Kirk ees , a yo e T T C O T H E BRON E UN RY . 1 57

C Kir l fﬁe D umb k ees .

n outside this pillar wa s deemed . It bei g supposed

i n D l that Dumb Steeple is a corrupt o of oomed Steep e.

T Arm ta es i n n he y g of K rklees , the prese t ow ers of

n n rm Of the estates , are desce ded from Joh A ytage ,

Wri bowles un n i n m i n g , Co ty York , livi g the ti e of K g 1 58 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

n a n wa s n u in Stephen . The prese t b ro etcy i stit ted

1 4 1 bu n ew t n i n 6 , t there was a crea io the time of

n n n i s t Of th George II . , a d the prese t baro et the ﬁf h e n ew n a n d t n n creatio , eigh h dati g from Fra cis , the

n n e n i n n origi al baro et . The estat s have bee the ha ds

Of n S ll n the Earls of Warre , the avi es , Deighto s ,

m n Ga r r a ves a n d n a l i n n Of Ra sde s , g , ﬁ ly, the reig

s n o n d f n Of Elizabeth , pa sed i t the ha s O Joh Armitage ,

n m n un d r n Far ley Tyas , yeo a , the fo er of the p ese t

Some Br on ti a n s a ﬂi rm that the origin al of F ern dea n

n i s un W c oller n n Ma or to be fo d at y Hall , ear Col e ,

n n a lon g eight miles walk from Haworth . This a cie t

' sea t of the C un li ﬁ es is n oted for its gr an d open

u n n un i n circ lar ﬁreplace , with sto e be ches ro d , the

n f n . u to fa shio O the time of He ry VI There sed be ,

a su un n some forty years ago , l rge woods rro di g this

u n n u e on u r i ed settleme t , sit at d the pper waters of the

i s m ff c i r Calder . It a atter of in di eren e whether K klees

’ or Wyc oller i s the origin al Of Rochester s retreat .

Con n ected with Mi rﬁ eld are man y objects of

n u n n . I n u a ti q aria i terest the old ch rch , all of which

i s r n demolished except the tower , Cha lotte Bro te

C A P E H T R VI .

N a previou s chapter Ha worth in i ts modern

n w aspect h a s been treated of. We o

proceed to give a short sketc h of i ts

u un di n m . n s rro gs , the oors Before leavi g

this serpen tin e settlemen t let u s take a

ul I n n m peep at the Black B l , a co fortable hostelry

u n i m ill n ear the ch rch gates , where the Bro te p lgri w

ﬁn d good cheer a n d a kin dly welcome . Here the un fortun ate Bran well u sed to hold forth to th e gapin g r u m m wr n e n on stics , so eti es iti g a lett r with each ha d di fferen t subjects a n d holdi n g a con versation at the

r u for same time . The t th of this is vouched by

n ll l u u perso s sti a ive . The chair which he sed to occ py

n n d i s sti ll to be seen . Si ce the days whe the Ol

u a n d i n n ch rch rectory were existe ce , when two hun dred visitors used to sit down to di n n er on a TH E BRONTE COUN TR Y . 1 61

un t i n n t S day at the board of his celebrated , a grea fa llin g Oﬂ has been Obser ved i n the n umbers of Bron te

h n u wors ippers at the shri e of Haworth Ch rch . The

m i n m f villa ge see s asleep , co parison with Abbots ord

o m n i n ut for in stan ce . The tw ost oticeable th gs abo

l ll I a c u a W p . B k B n n , H o lB

it are its clean streets a n d the superabundan ce of in n s ;

n o u mn n n the latter , do bt , a re a t of the times , whe this u lti ma . thu le attracted pilgrims from a ll en ds of the earth .

r u m n n n n As we have p evio sly e tio ed, there is othi g

in 1 TH E 62 BR ONTE COUNTRY. a u th n bo t the Hawor moors , except their a ssocia tio with

n n . ill the Bro tes, to attract the lover of sce ery St ,

n n n di n n d n u der certai co tio s of weather a seaso , some

' ﬁn ﬂ ts a r e n i n d e e ec to be oted n the la scape . When

mi u n f uff n m n osta l ia E ly ret r ed rom Roe Head , s eri g fro g ,

un s n n r i n like the yo g Swis o foreig se vice , the brac g

- n r n r health lade b eezes soo resto ed her to health .

These wilds will have ever a fa scin ation for the Bron te

i u n pilgr m , altho gh they had less to do with developi g m the Bron te geni u s than an y people imagin e .

m i s n We have visited the Haworth oors n pri g , a u u n a n d n n n n t m , wi ter ; whe the te der gree of the

n ot r a n d u heather had yet appea ed , the rich colo rs of ear ly win ter were destroyed ; when the purple wastes were fragran t with hon ey - laden heath bells ; when the

’ blac ken ed heath was whiten ed over with the year s ﬁrst

sn a n d n e u ows , the evergree crowb rry , bilberry , cl b

m s a n d ds s n out r a n n osse , lycopo , ho e ve d t agai st a

c un a n ba kgro d of pitchy pe t , blasted heather , taw y

c n n d m - a ul . m bra ke , ellow grey bo ders Win ter is the ti e

see d n a . I n umm to these wil s to greatest adva t ge s er ,

u ni i i s but the heather is gorgeo s , a mal l fe active ; the

c m s n d n u a r e in bla k oor , resple e t tho gh they places with

164 TH E BRONTE COUNTR Y .

ull n a n d un r n f so g , the so d of the waterfalls , eple ished

m n n h mu l . by elti g s ows , is hig ly sica

ur s m 7th 1 886 l O win ter vi it , Dece ber , , to the waterfal

P on n r t n . in a t de Ki k , is wor hy of recordi g Pass g up the lan e behin d the rectory we pursued ou r

- n u n way by a ﬁeld bye way of ﬂagged sto es , m ch wor , a n d n n wi m u a n d n o sta di g deep th elted sl sh , soo f un d

u n n u . As n the t r pike to Sta b ry we e tered the high road,

ﬁ n e u s . On our t m a prospect greeted lef , the oors were

n - n d n m a n s ow bespri kle , givi g the disti ctlypiebald appear

- a n . t m un n a n u ce Over he h g heavy s ow l de clo ds , which

t n a n d m n cast great drif i g shadows here there , while a o g

u un li m out u u these clo d Shades , s t spaces glea ed , l stro s

r n a n d m with da k gree heather , the ore verdan t bilberry

i ni n u . On wa s th e o Sh g thro gh it the right br ok , ﬂooded

n a n d n u n in by the rai s s ows of the previo s ight , roll g

on i ts rapidly to the Aire , while , either side , were emerald - green pastures mapped out i n plots by li chen

n - t n d s— r n s stai ed dry s o e yke a st iki g con tr a t . Over this stretche d a dome of stainless blu e the sun shon e brightly

a n d n s i n overhead , the gree ward sparkled br llia tly with

n n m n n coun tless gliste i g dia o d drops of rai .

T n s u i ts he road had little to i tere t abo t it , with moss 1 TE E BRONTE COUNTRY . 65

n m n s n d grow walls , fro the i ter tices of which , fer s peepe

- n i n S d bu t n n un n . gree the hort live , brillia t wi try s shi e

On m mu n every side , the erry sic of sportive , sparkli g

S n s u n m s d s i n a ll n pri g , b rsti g fro the hill i e directio s ,

" wa s a perpetu al feast for the ear .

o u s the l S n bu n Bef re was little vi lage of ta ry , reposi g

u n n l u pea cef lly o the top of a k o l , while f rther west a great bulk of moorlan d covered with i ts wi n try

a un a n d m man tle , reared itself g t gri , at the head of the

a n d m out m n ur m un a n in va lley , loo ed like a i iat e o t i its hoary gran deur amid the surroun din g verdure of the

a lower part of the v lley .

After a walk of a bou t a mile a n d a half, we reach

n u n m n o Sta b ry , a eat little settle e t with a Free Scho l

a n d n i ts n c a Wesleya Chapel , which with chim ey sta ks

en d a n d i ts u u t n m e at either , sq at , s bs a tial look , ight asily be mistaken for a comfortable hostelry of the Old

n s r u i u m n coachi g day . A ve y bea t f l speci e of a Georgian

u s m s n ho se (date with its olid a o ry , its broad

n n n its m c n n white li es of poi ti g , roo y , o te ted look, the r ed c u a n s n a n d i ts - rt i at the wi dows , trim old fashion ed

la n B c c r oss or r ea c i n ta n ur i s th e sc n of S de e k , ed bef e h g S b y, e e wha t i s gen era ll kn own a s th e Bron te Wa ter fa ll ; but on e va lley i s r li e n r ve y k a ot er on these moo s . 166 THE BRONTE COUNTRY .

n v on e n m o garde , all gi e the feeli g of ho e comf rts ,

m i n a warm ﬁreside a n d a kin dly welco e with .

n n m m n Desc e di g the hill fro this ha let , we soo

u reached a bridge over the beck , which here r shed

- n m n n along with full to ed vehe e ce . Havi g crossed the

- m r u n alder bordered strea , we st ck alo g its banks till we came to on e of the reser voirs of the Keighley Corpo

n n di iﬁ - w ratio , where a sple d art cial water shoot a s

n showin g to great advan tage . A stron g west wi d was tossi n g the little lake in to a wild con fusion of min iature

n n u on n s . waves , breaki g every mi te pettishly the ba k

m en d n a n extra or I mediately above the reservoir is P e , din a r a the n r y old pl ce , where road is so a row that a lon g - armed ma n might almost touch the opposin g

a u a n . P n den u w lls of the ho ses each side of it o Ho se ,

n k n l n i n m the o ly respectable loo i g dwel i g the ha let , bears the followin g i n scription : The Old hou se (still stan din g) wa s built by Robert Heaton for hi s son

nn m d a Michael, A o Do ini 1634 . The old porch a n pe t

u u hi n ho se were b ilt by s gran dfather Robert Heato , hi A D 8 . s . . 16 0 The presen t buildin g was rebui lt by

n n H . 1801 . u u desce da t , R . , H ge bo lders scattered aroun d this hamlet testify to the extra or din ar y results

1 TH E E 68 BRONT COUNTRY . staircase ; as if out of breath with its precipitate ﬂight from the moors to the happy green valleys ben eath .

We ascen ded the pass by keepin g a s mu ch i n th e

h e m s s n m to e bed of t strea as po sible , cros i g fro side sid i a s the exigen cies of the case dema n ded . By follow n g

n e n ul n this method of i v stigatio , we co d see all the ooks

n d in a - n a n n - m a terstices of this w ter wor ch el , all the foa

n a n d W mm i n crested cor ers little hirlpools , he ed by

- - mellow grey boulder s a n d hea ther clad ban ks .

u - u r on ul a n d Abo t half way p , we ested a bo der looked

n l s u i n a n m r dow the val ey . We were h t by a phitheat e

f n - a n d ma s O hills , s ow speckled , dis l , who e sides were

e i n d n un n p rforated every irectio by co tless spri gs , which

u n n ill n n po red their waters with a ti kli g , tr i g ﬂow i to

m n a m a r n u s a s m t the ai stre , ro i g l tily it leapt fro rock o

n rock. Scattered aroun d u s were grea t blocks of mi llsto e

m n r c rr grit , a o g which the heather, bilbe ry , rowbe y , the

n d n n n r u u a n bracke , a n hardy orther fer , g ew l x ri tly ; the

a n d n n i n umm crowberry , bilberry , fer as gree as s er,

d n s d n d the heather a n bracke , frost bla te a withered

a n n . a sk s a n black d taw y Overhe d , the y was a ch gea ble

’ a on e m m n a n d un n s a youn g lad s love , at o e t bright s y,

n n h e at an other fr own in g a n d threate i g . Arrived at t

1 TH E B T 72 RON E COUNTRY .

m . n d wn m s c n n e ti e Looki g o fro thi oig of va tage , w

f un wa s et m a o d that the best view y to co e , for the pl y

u a n d sun u n s n a n a n d r of clo d po the eethi g c ldro s , thei

u n r n m n a n d ea wa s m n r gged e vi o e t of rock h th , so ethi g

m m . c c kl n u r u s a s to be re e bered A a i g gro se rose befo e ,

z z we left this di y height . But a s the win tr y da y wa s

d n n a r its a u s o d rawi g e close , we had to bet ke to the r a ,

a n d a s we n ea red Ha worth took a la st look at heathy

ll m n a a n d s rm sk . u m un a n hi , foa i g f ll , to y y M rky o t i s

of c lou d big with storm hu n g porten tou sly over the

a w e f r a m m n sun frosted , ho ry height , hil o o e t the

' peepin g a ﬂri ghtedly over the hill “ like on y timorou s

” li wn s a c s m - a a car e , cro ed the e bl k tor be rers with

w n n d n a s r d for a m m n on glo i g , golde e gi g , they este o e t

a un u wa s our n backgro d of pu rest sa pphire . S c h wi ter

m a n d a n n view of the oors , yo e who wishes to

thoroughly drin k i n th e desolation of these wilds mu st

se m un n e the der simila r circ umsta c es .

Our a u u mn a a n u u 11 th t visit to the waterf ll w s o A g st ,

1 . r n r n n 887 The spo tsme were prepa i g for the ext day ,

a t a i r wa s c a n d c n . the Bla ck Bull . The lear bra i g

n i a n w n Swallows ﬂi tted pa st o pl t i g , the plover piped

“ hi s a n d ut s n s dismal n ote , bee b terﬂie were sippi g the ‘ ll r M r e B r on teWa ter a H a Wo l oo . l f , B

TH T 176 E BRON E COUN TRY .

gran d war in the elemen ts . Says George Searle

Phillips He who would un derstan d n ature mu st

in a s a s in sun s n i n n r a s visit her storm well hi e , wi te ,

a s in umm r . u m n dr i n hi s m well s e The plo gh a iv g tea ,

un hi s u n a n d n a n the h ter with g dog ; y, eve the very

’ n e- r u n n s a i s e sto b eaker po the ki g highw y , dear r to her than all the poets a n d n a mby-pa mhy walkers Of the drawin g room .

owden s m a n d i s S , where Gri shaw lived , where there

m r 1 a n n n s a . 500 in i scriptio i ila to th t H E ,

u n i s su s m a W theri g Heights , ppo ed by so e H worth

n s u r n e s bu t ia to be the real W the i g H ight , we have

n u n i s m n it o the best a thority , that the origi al so e lo e f ms on m r s n ot r m ll so ar tead the oo far f o the fa , that

P n den u n sn m a s we an yon e who visits o d ri g a owstor ,

’ di d r u a o , will be tho o ghly able to ppreciate Lockwo d s T walk fr om Wu therin g Heights to hru sher oss Gran ge .

W e have n ot gon e ou t of our way to hun t u p the

i n s e s a n d orig al of ither localitie or characters , we

r r e r our r n a rm n n a s the efo adhe e to o igi l dete i atio , to let ,

r h n - n i n u n a d it we e , a breat of Bro te la d po the re er , a n d thu s plac e him i n a position i n which he c a n thorou ghly en ter in to th e spir it of th e n ovelist . A P E C H T R V I I .

HIS chapter will be devoted to odds a n d en ds

n s n n n of sce e co ected with the Bro tes .

Emily wa s for si x mon ths teacher i n

a l n a m school at Low Hil , e r Halifax , fro

which views of the Oxen hope moors wer e

n a n d a s a n d s . to be see , lso of Kirklee Hart head Here ,

sh e uff m a n r m a s elsewhere , s ered fro exagge ated for of

- s n ss a n d wa s a r u n su eri n home ick e , gl d to et r to the p

n n e th e n a t a te de c of kitche H worth , where hou se wi fer a n d u n on the s m m a n d y st dy we t at a e ti e , where

occa sion al wa lks on th e moor s braced h er for her hou se

hold r oun d of duties .

Cha rlotte wa s for a brief spac e of time govern ess i n

a a m a t U er wood n a a w n a s f ily pp , e r R do , di trict well

h r r m u r n wn e a . s k o to f the Fro Woodho e G ove School ,

r n h r The Rev . P . B o te c on duc ted t e ﬁ st ex a mi n a ti on of thi s

sc hool . 1 8 TH E O E CO 7 BR NT UNTRY .

m r hi s wi a n d m n close by , he had a ried fe , the cere o y

a s m n n a ui e u i n took place before e tio ed t G s ley Ch rch ,

mm di n u the i e ate eighbo rhood . Rawdon i s pleasa n tly

su un d a n d d u s rro ed by woods , besides Woo ho e Grove ,

i s ni n a n d there the Baptist Trai g College , the Ripley

n l n m u f s u a in x n Co va esce t Ho e , all bea ti t it ted e te sive

un . dh u gro ds Woo o se Grove , where the Rev . John

n n wa s m n a lma m ter Fe ell ﬁrst aster, has bee the a of m n men m n n n u n th e i m a y of e i e ce , i cl di g late Sir W llia m t n n n l . s A herto , Attor ey Ge era , Dr Tho a Laycock ,

di n in n u Un s Professor of Me ci e Edi b rgh iver ity, the

e n en & . n d s mi t psychologist, c The Frie s have al o a

d n n of h a n school at Raw o . The Rawdo s t at ilk were

a n n m n am me m n cie t fa ily , whose e beca erged i to that

f i n n n a n d ui o Hast gs ; Fra cis , Lord Rawdo Marq s of

n a n n r n th e n n Hasti gs , i timate f ie d of Pri ce Rege t ,

- a m K . G rn n I n a n d n bec e Gove or Ge eral of dia , Gover or

” - l . t i n r n n of Ma ta The Terror , los the ill fated F a kli

x n mm n n n s E peditio , was co a ded by Captai Fra ci

r i n of n Rawdon Moira Crozier , a elat o the Rawdo

’ “ r a w on i n C udworth s Roun A out Bra See un de R d , d b d ” r 43 . fo d, pa ge 7

180 TH E BRON TE COUNTRY .

On n u r ﬁ n d a f n e q i y , we th t a amily of the ame of Eyre

u s u i n l f r lived at Moor Ho se , perhap s ggest g the tit e o

n - the ovel . Some of the ﬁn est word pai n tin g i n Jan e

i n " Eyre is to be foun d this part of the book .

I n Hathersage Church i s the sepulchral memorial of

R t u n u hi s a n d ober Eyre who fo ght at Agi co rt , wife

n fourteen childre . This old soldi er is believed to ha ve been a direc t descen dan t of the warrior who sa ved

’ i n u a t n n W lliam the Co q eror s life Hasti gs , whe u n horsed a n d with helmet so beaten a s to be powerless a n d

r s n i n peril of hi s life . The Rive of Ja e Eyre talks

’

u i n n n a . n n o s abo t h s a cie t li e ge Little Joh , Robi H od

m n n i s u n u m n co pa io , s pposed to have bee b ried a o g the

u n s a a r e bl e limesto e rock of H thersa ge . There Druidical association s con n ected with the rocki n g ston es a n d

n rocky basi s to be seen on these moors . The Vale of

i s i n d s r a n d i s c l e a t Hope this i t ict , des ribed to the if

” 35 of n i n d page 9 Ja e Eyre , these wor s I felt the c on secra tion of its lon elin ess ; my eye fea sted on the outlin e of swell a n d sweep on the wild c olou rin g

ommun t a n d l m ss hea thbell c ica ed to ridge de l , by o , by ,

ﬂower - n u l n a n a n d by spri kled t rf, by bril ia t br cke ,

33 3 2 38 2 s 33 1 3 3 41 . See pa ge 0, , , , T T TH E BRON E COUN RY . 181 m ' ellow gran ite crag . These details were j ust to me

n so ma y pure a n d sweet sources of pleasure .

The stron g blast a n d the soft breeze ; the rough a n d halcyon day ; the hours of sun rise a n d sun set ; the moon light a n d the clouded n ight developed for me

” n the same attractio . It is a curious coin ciden c e that Hathersage should be the sc en e of a a o n n l t l rge p rtio of Ja e Eyre , whi e Wirkswor h

” ’ n is the sce e of Adam Bede , George Eliot s most

u n pop lar ovel .

’ on n Charlotte s visits to the Briery Lake Wi dermere , a n d n on u a n d n also to Bridli gt , Scarboro gh , eve to

n n n n u i n Lo do , might have bee i cl ded this work ; a n d n o doubt much in terest has been evoked from

n n u n l their co sideratio , b t whe we get to these wel

n c fﬁ u r out n ew a n d beate tra ks , it is di c lt to st ike a

t n n u e ori gin a l lin e of descrip io . We have e deavo r d hitherto to open up fr esh ﬁelds a n d pastures n ew

n a n d n o our to the Bro te pilgrim , we w stick to

r n n o igi a l desig .

Description s of the coun try roun d Sowerby Bridge

F or desc ri pti on s a n d pi c tur es of th e La ke Di stri c t see Pr ofessor

’ ” i r n w r T r th e or swort oun tr . Kn ght s ec e t o k , h ough W d h C y 1 82 TH E BRON TE COUNT RY . a n d Lu dden den foot con n ected with Bran well Bron te

’ ‘ ’ ” l un i n n n e wi l be fo d Leyla d s Bro t Family .

n n n n Our topographical portio i s ow at a e d . We

n t s d e n n have give hree great period u co sideratio .

n d a n d u The sce es of chil hood , of school life , of ad lt life have been broadly treated . We have exercised n o un due c uriosity i n peerin g in to the origin als of

n i n n ut either the characters or the sce es the ovels , b

n a s m in e c un we have give , we i ag , a clear a co t of the

n s a m n surroun di g of the f ily duri g a ll their li fe . The

s u i n our a n d il so . elder si ter b lks largest pages , worth y

Non e of the other members of the family approached

in n m in n a n d m her literary ﬁ ish or i ag atio , co paratively

c u un little is kn own about their parti ular s rro din gs .

a n d a Their lives were short , the appl use of the world

’

m P o ln er es la m sem oemt. ca e too late . st c g

184 THE R ON E C O B T UN TR Y. n atur e i n the person s of Pa tr ick Bron te a n d Maria

Br a n well produced a fa mily brimful of ta len t a n d

’ n tua f e. I n on i tellec l orc Ribot s book Heredity , the Br on te fa mi ly oc cupies a n un iqu e posi ti on i n the ma tter of heredi ta ry geni us . I n almost n o other i n stan ce did four members Of on e family shi n e more

s i n on e vi z . t ur . or les ﬁeld , , li erat e

mu n i n tu i n n We st ever , s dy g the Bro tes, lose sight

“ r ra c e . n of thei It has bee well said, that the Irish

m n a u n — te perame t is ch ste , pro d, passio ate a volcan o

n n o u der a n iceberg . Does t this coin cide with the a un t i fa il cco ts we have of h s remarkable m y , a n d c a n we n ot see that man y of the character s in their n ovels bear a stron g resembla n ce to themselves The

Yorkshire a n d Iri sh character i s as wide apart a s

un the n ul i n the poles . This acco ts for wo derf way which the Bron tes could hit off th e West Ridin g folks

a n d n rtr me to the life , prese t typical po aits of the n

m . a n d women a bou t the As we have said before ,

the dwellers i n town s have been ever the most su ccessful

- un r c n e a n d delin eators a n d word pain ters of co t y s e s , the

” mi li n m t a n d reason is obvious . Fa arity breeds co te p , the coun tryma n by lon g u sage becomes so a ccu stomed to TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 185 the beauties about hi m that he does n ot appraise them

s n a n n at thei r true value . So the tra ger c ofte strike

' Oﬂ happy a n d life -like sketches of those amon g whom

m r a n n m he has ig ated , better th the atives the selves .

n ow on n n We have a word to say Bra well Bro te , who ha s met with but scan t j ustice from the early

h n t Bron te biographers . It a s falle to the lo of m . i n n c u Mr F . A . Leylan d his Bro te Fa ily , to res e the n a me of Patrick Bran well Bron te from the oblivion

n . un i n hi s in to which it had been su k . Mr Gr dy

u s a n n t n in o Pict re of the Past , e ter ai g b ok of odds a n d n i n t i s u e ds , which , however , other ar icles f ll

n n m c r ur of evide t exaggeratio s , gives a ost a icat ed picture of Bran well a n d hi s sisters ; but a remin iscen ce

s m 1840 m . n u of about the a e date , , fro Mr Leyla d sho ld be read alon gside of it to really get at the truth .

m a n d i in . l n l u Mr Ley a d says He was sli ag e ﬁg re ,

u t m n r yet of well formed o lin e . His co plexio was clea a n d u n d n r ddy , a the expressio of his face at the time lightsome a n d cheerful . Hi s voic e had a rin gin g

n n d u n a n d use n sweet ess , a the ttera ce of his E glish

” i s di ff ' were perfect . This a very eren t youth ﬁ om

’ the u u um n . un ro gh , v lgar b pki of Mr Gr dy s book . 1 86 TH E O TE C T BR N OUN RY .

’ Mr . Grun dy s description i s repu dia ted by person s who

’

n un n . e k ew yo g Bro te well . Mr L ylan d s book does n ot a s m m n m ’ , so e i agi e , atte pt to whitewash Br a n well s

c ra . " n o on e c a n but i t ha cter No do that , seeks to

wa s m n m ni a m Show that he a o o a c , the victi of havin g a llowed hi s passion s to r un away with hi m a n d lan d hi m in m n n a n d the bog of ela cholic idle ess apathy , only to be r eu sed by stimulan ts or opiates to an ythin g

n like real life . Had he bee sen t to a retreat for di m n a c s un t u n pso a i der a wa chf l physicia , the world

’ u b a m r Br a n well s t n wo ld pro ably h ve heard o e of wri i gs , for un u i n him ma n m he had , do btedly, the ki g of so e

n c n n n m thi g whi h he ever bec ame . Ma ers ake the

” ma n t. e. m the ma n a n d the , , morals ake , woe betide you th who ﬂi n gs aside the r ein s a n d lets hi s brute

hi a ll d n ature carry m aw y . We wi raw a veil over

n d n n i ma n suﬂ ri n hi s Si s a n thi k o ly of h s woes . A e g

m u m s n th e m n s n fro s ch extre e perver io of e otio , livi g

’ within a ston e s throw Of a publi c house where there

wa s always a warm ﬁreside a n d a n apprec iative circle

i m a n n u n o n i n of v llage co p io s , co ld t have bee placed

’ n n ell s r u a worse positio . Bra w ve ses Show the tr e

m u a n d o on e m c a n u poetic a at s , n who reads the do bt

188 TH E TE C BRON OUNTRY .

80 turn rom suc a s t s th o f h he e y dr o pi n g hea d, An d mourn the dea d a li ve— whose spi ri t ﬂi es

os li f a rts or hi s a t h a s c om Wh e e dep bef e de h e, ’ Wh o n ows n o a n n a t li f s loom s i s k He ve be e h e g y k e , Wh o sees n o hope to br i ghten up tha t gloom ; ’ Ti s he who feels the wor m tha t n ever di es ” r e l a n d r n s o th m The a dea th da k e s f e to b .

When he wrote these lin es he had lon g made up hi s min d to give a n egative an swer to the questi on Is life worth livi n g We c an n ot leave this subject without recommen din g everyon e to see The Bron te

” m l n Fa i y , a d read th e poems for themselves . That work has qui te succeeded i n pla cin g Bran well Bron te

’ a m n n n f n o g the fro t ra k O E glan d s min or poets .

I n n u n our n c n n do co cl di g otice of Bran well , we a ot

” n a n n n better tha write at the bottom Pobre , i scriptio

n u c i n n carved o a r de ross Spai , which is placed over

Of u a n d n the body a m rdered traveller, mea s simmy

” a n " " mi n poor fellow . Poor Br well poor fellow thy d mu n u n n b hi n rdered with self i d lge ce , has eve left e d

i c a n a few precious rel cs , by which we remember thee

e i n " a n d thy blasted , f verish , weary death life

We have been privileged to see several portraits

n a n d pain ted by Bra well , they Show great artistic

i a ll promise a n d ability . All the family were artist c y TH E BRONTE COUNTRY . 189

n n . n u a n n i cli ed They were i str cted by excelle t teacher ,

l o n n e m on e e Wi liam R bi so , of Le ds , who beca e of th f oremost portrait pain ters of the day . The Duke of

l n on d a n n . We li gt , the Pri cess Sophia , both sat to him

’ I n con n ection with this may be men tion ed Charlotte s

n - n wo derful power of word pai tin g . SO exact are her

n w i s u descriptio s of ﬂo ers , that it q ite possible for

n s n f n m . a bota i t to ide tify the species , a ter readi g the

wa s n O n u a n d so e The father a kee bserver of at re , wer all the family .

Emily Bron te i s n ow accoun ted on e Of the min or

s s V n n u n i n poete se of the ictoria era , havi g fo d a place

s n n S . tson . the Poetesse of E gla d by Eric Rober , M A

’ a n d we hope before lon g tp see Br a n well s Pen maen mawr ackn owledged a s worthy of a perman en t place

a n i n poetic l collectio s .

s m h a s n n A tory of E ily , which ever yet see the light

ha s m to our n a n d on e of day , co e k owledge , it gives a lively impression of how the parson age girls amu sed

m n f wa s r a n d s the selves whe their ather f om home , help to a ma n m dispel the ide , which y people see to possess , that the Bron tes were little priggish blue -stockin gs who

a s 2 th n ever in dulged i n a good romp . It w the 9 of 190 TH E O TE CO BR N UNTRY .

n n R o on May , the a iversary of the est rati , Haworth

n a i n n n Parso ge was a state of oisy rebellio , the father wa s m m un f r a n fro ho e , yo g eet lightly over the hou se , a n d the soun d of boisterou s laughter echoed every

e n where . They were c lebrati g the day right royally ,

s n n by repre e ti g Kin g Charles i n the oak . Emily wa s

” n a n d s m The Merry Mo arch , essayed to e cape fro her pur suers by steppin g ou t of a bedroom win dow in to the bran ches of a fr uit tree which grew up the fron t of the

u . n un u d sh ho se U fort ately the bo gh broke , a n e came

term rma u unh u . On u n to ﬁ , l ckily however , rt the ret r

m on of the father , he had the whole fa ily the carpet , but he could n ot by a n y amou n t of ca jolery or threat en i n g succeed i n gettin g tq the bottom of the affair .

m on t - n E ily , however , her dea h bed co fessed to her

e c n u se n n u fath r . It a th s be e that the Bro tes were j st

r n a n d n in f l f i n like other child e , eve a ter i e , Charlotte ,

m a n d d s n tm n the idst of death i appoi e t , had always

’ few n u un a old school frie ds who were faithf l to death , so that i n reality their en viron men t had on ly a very

n u n c u n s n n small i ﬂ e e po them . Letter were co ti ua lly

n m n a n d u arrivi g fro these frie ds , what with ho sehold

u m d ties a n d literary work their ti e was well ﬁlled up .

192 TE E BR ONTE COUNTR Y.

d t a ll n Haworth , a n travel abou over midla n d a d n t n n n a n d n n n d a n d or her E gla d , eve i to Irela , we hope that even those well satisﬁed on es will a dmit there is

m n . F or our o n r roo for an other Bro te book w pa t , we desire a fuller biography of the family than has yet been

n d u a n d n n u l wr itten , a we tr st, are co ﬁde t that s ch wi l

et a n d m n u i n y appear , that there are a y s rprises yet

for u n c . ul s store st de ts of this Celtic cir le We wo d , a a

n n u n last word , comme d the followi g q otatio s to the ea rn est study of those who feel satiated with Bron te

u — c i n n literat re Tha keray , the Cor hill for April ,

’ 1860 h a s , says , Which of her readers (Charlotte s) n ot become her frien d Who that has kn own her

’ n o m n n books ha s t ad ired the artist s oble E glish , the

u n n u a m b r i g love of tr th , the br very , the si plicity , the

n d n n n m u s i ig atio at wro g , the eager sy pathy , the pio

a n d n c s n n u love revere e , the pas io ate ho o r, so to Speak,

f n S n u n i n hi s on O the woma wi b r e , Note Charlotte

” n n l n n u n u Bro te , thus e ds a bri lia t , e th siastic e comi m

Charlotte Bren te may be expected to be read with

a n d n a n d r e- n d delight wo der , read with reveren ce a

m n n n n ad iratio , whe dark ess everlasti g h a s lon g sin ce f n on a ll um n m m of n alle h a e ory their cheap scie tiﬁc , O THE BRONTE C UNTRY . 193

l a n d u n u their vu gar erotic , their vol mi o s domestic

n n n n school , when eve Da iel Dero da has go e the way

n n ou n n of all waxwork , whe eve Miss Br ghto o lon ger

’ u a s a n d n . n cometh p a ﬂower, eve Mrs Olipha t is at

’ n ‘ le gth c ut down like the grass .

196 THE BRONTE COUNTRY .

i s way of Huddersﬁeld r oad (35 miles) . Near here

’ r u n ow wn i n R a wfold s Mill . The o te goes by Highto ,

’ e d n ul n a n d which P . Bron t s resi e ce sho d be i spected ,

s h n m then on by Lou y T or Far , where he lodged , to

5 m s n u a n d Hartshead ( ile ) , where i spect Ch rch regis

a n d s n . n n ters , al o Walto Cross A view of the a cie t

m n e s un n u a n d de es e of Kirkl e , with its N ery , Gate Ho se ,

a n a n n on e the Gr ve of Robi Hood , c be got by taki g of the ﬁ eld - paths whi c h lead down to the Hu ddersﬁeld

. i s n ot n u road Kirklees Park ope to the p blic , except

u s on rar e oc casion s . The best ro te i by a path which takes down outside the park wall j u st below the

V a a n d n s u n on icar ge , bri g the to rist agai to the

u un I n n H ddersﬁeld road , at the Three N s , where

n a c a n n um excelle t f re be Obta i ed (6 mile s) . The D b

S u n a n d n n u teeple sho ld be i spected , the o thro gh

Mi rﬁ eld u 10 i . e a n c n to Dewsb ry ( m les) Her , fter i spe ti g

u a n d V to the Parish Ch rch old icarage , walk out

’ u a n d S u on Heald s Ho se q irrel Hall , Dewsbury M oor

11 a n d n u n u n ( miles) , the ret r to Dewsb ry statio (total

a n 1 2 mi . n R di n s dist ce les) Whe at Birstall , The y g

n n m c a also be in spected . The u ber of places to be

visited requires a lon g summer day . N G T I TI E I E 1 WALK I OUR N RAR S . 97

‘ ‘ — F I I I . I OUR8 ROM H R WOR H .

a d n 3 m n u n ( ) Sla e Beck Waterfalls ( iles , i cl di g

u n ret r ) .

6 P n den ( ) o Kirk Falls (8 miles total di stan ce) .

0 W c oller l n n 1 m ( ) y Ha l , ear Col e ( 7 iles total

u n jo r ey) .

d n n n m n n ( ) Thor to , via De hol e , for i specti g Old

Bell Chapel a n d birthplace of Charlotte Bron te (total

t n o n n . dis an ce 5 1} miles) . Trai at Th r to

e m n on e ( ) Over oors to Hebde Bridge , of the best walks from Haworth for seein g the real wildn ess of the

n n n hills (total dista ce 8 miles) . Trai at Hebde Bridge .

All these excur sion s of course will in clude a n

u n d n . in spection of Haworth , its Ch rch a Parso age

n u i a n d Mr . Brow , bookseller, s ppl es photographs , all

a o i s sorts of Bron te litera ture . H w rth best reached by i df the Midlan d Ra lway , from either Leeds or Bra ord , i chan gin g ca rriages a t Ke ghley .

I ll — C OWZXﬁ BRI DGE E N D TUN c H IS-I IQ

C HURC H .

From In gleton Station (Midlan d from Leeds or

B f Lon sda le rad ord) , take Kirkby road for Cowan 198 T H E BRONTE COUNTRY .

- Bridge . From then ce by ﬁ eld path vi a Bur row to

un C u a n d n T stall h rch , the back to I n gleton vi a Black

ur on n o B t (total dista c e ab ut 1 5 miles) . This excursion

um requires a lon g s mer da y.

° — E S T C Y . IV . NOR, ON ON R

n i m f n a n d Norto Con yers s distan t 3 iles rom Ripo ,

Sir Regin ald Graham is wishful for an yon e i n terested i n Bron te literature to in spect hi s an cien t man or house .

u s i n s Wath Ch rch , close by , has also as ociat o with

” Jan e Eyre .

° — c V. H ZX I H E RS ZX GE .

a n d V Hathersage , with Moor Seats , the ale of Hope , is easily accessible from Sheﬂi eld .

200 m m r ﬁ m r nr .

follows Th e ron es were well b u h u a n d B t ro g t p ,

a mon r a n r s v n own g st ge , but li ely a d c h eer ful in their

o Mr . r a n d h me . B on te wa s a ki n d a n d lovin ghusba n d

fa ther ki n to a ll u him . n before her , d a bo t Mr s . Br o te ,

ea th re ueste dr en a n d d , q d me to rema in with her chi l , I

ta o a m to s yed thr ee yea rs a fter her dea th . Ch a rl tte c e

me n e u s s c o the see whe sh wa s goin g to Br s el S h ol ,

sec n t m a n d wa s im met . o d i e , that the last t e I ever her

. r e e n r s wa s Mr B a n w ll, at ightee yea , a very

ha n Mrs . m s dsome youn g ma n . Newso e wa with the

mi n he the n urse h wa s ou t th fa ly te year s . S wa s w o wi the children on the moors when the er upti on of Crow

hi d m un H ill Bog took pla c e . They the selves der her

a n o un c . c loak , d t ok refuge der a por h

— 2 . h I . Weth er sﬁ eld r See C a p ter , whe e Patrick

n t hi s r u c h a d c n n n e n Bro e held ﬁ st c ra y , a ertai co ctio

wi r s i i n i ts r a s the . th Yo k h re this way , that vica w Rev

e . . rn ee in 1 50 . Joseph Jow tt, LL D , who was bo at L ds , 7

n e i n i n 1 94 uc c e n He was prese t d to th s livi g 7 , s e di g

ki n n e R ev. R ev. Chri stopher At so , deceased, broth r of

’ n n St. u s . D r . Miles Atki n son , i cumbe t of Pa l s , Leed

n n - n n n nl u r Jowett was o reside t , spe di g o y his s mme NOTE S AN D AD DE NDA. 201

a c n e sﬁ el n r f v atio s at W ther d, bei g also P o essor of Civil

La w . n ni at Cambridge . Dr Ma sell , Master of Tri ty

ol wr m n n u C lege , Cambridge , ote so e amusi g li es abo t a

t i n t n r w lks a n d li tle fa ry garde , wi h a row a of shells

ou n pellu c id pebbles , closed r d by a delicate Chin ese

’ i n t n ra li g , af er the style of the citize s villa described by

Lloyd . They run a s follows

li l A tt e ga rden , li ttle Jowett ma de, An d fen c ed i t wi th a li ttle pa li sa de ; I f ou oul n ta f li l ow y w d k ow the ste o tt e J ett, ’ ” li l r li l i This tt e ga den won t a tt e Show t.

” See “ B r A . Leeds Wo thies , by Rev . R . V. Taylor , .

’ It i s j u st possible that Jowett s con n ection with

Yorkshire ha d somethin g to do with Bron te comin g to

Dewsbury .

- 3 . See C ha er I I . An m n n n n the p t y e tio of Pe za ce ,

i h a n l h a s n m t e but i t b rt pl ce of Maria Bra we l, bee o i t d , is easily u n derstood what a chan ge it was which the little Corn ish maiden made when she left her southern

m a n d m u t ho e , damp showery , war ed by the G lf S ream , w r n u m n n d i he e gera i ms , yrtles , hydra geas , a camell as

u s u n a n d m ﬂo ri h thro gh the wi ter , ca e to Hartshead ,

a a n d r n . ble k , cold , comparatively ba re

— 4 e h er I I . m n n . . S e C a p t Rev Ha mo d Ro berso 202 TH E ONTE COUNT BR RY.

' ta t n It is s ed by a perso al frien d of M r . R oberson s that

never wa s n n n u t n he appoi ted ca o of York , b o ly a preben d . We ta ke our in formation a s to his can on ry from a biographical sketch written on him by hi s grea t

n th e R ev. a n n i D . D . F a r t in ephew, C o Ba ley , , of West g

hi n . Rectory , Wort g

- 5 . e h r S e C a p ter I I . We a e in formed by a n ative of the Heavy Woollen District that Ha mmon d Roberson

hi s u il i n u t il i n a n n exercised p p s m ske ry dr l , ticipatio of the sin u a n d t n ri g of the L ddites , heir expected attack o

’ ld ﬂi n t- u R a wfold s Mill . Several O lock m skets were

’ kept at Heald s Hall for man y years .

6 ee ha ter I I I . The n e w n i n . S C p Bro t i dow

— e m Haworth Church . W have o itted to ackn owledge our

n dn to R ev. ohn . i debte ess the rector ( J Wade , M A a n d u n w t for m s n c ch rchwarde s of Ha or h , per i sio ac orded to have a photogra ph taken of the Bron te win dow

m . a n n n . a erected by A erica citize . Mr E Fe ther, of

n s us d Haworth , obtai ed thi for , a n a very beau tiful

f s i i . n f tun ur ti u n t ac im le it s U or ately , o ar st co ld o treat

u u a n d to out. it s ccessf lly , it had be left We have ,

n o u i n n d in our n however, less pleas re ack owle g g tha ks for favour gran ted .

2 T 04 HE BRONTE COUNTRY .

n n n d b u a n d ga rriso . This plac e is me tio e y Ta cit s ,

un i s other an cien t wr iters . I n the gro ds a very beau tiful

n w e n r u gle through which ﬂo s the Le k , e tirely sh o ded

r n e n but u n by t ees , othin g of wat r to be see , a s lle roar a n d n e ul n murmur striki g th ear . For a f l accou t of

’ un s a n d Overborou h in n T tall g see Ba es La cashire,

Bremon ta a a R a uthmell. also c , by Richard

1 1 ee C ha ter V — I n m . S p . the register of baptis s at

n n n a u t Birstall, i additio to the e try bo the Earle of

’ m n u t n we Newcastle s ar y ban ishi g the P ri a clergy , 1 have the other side of the picture as well 643 .

t Memoran dum that the pa rli a m armis return ed in to

Yorkshire a fter ye ba ttell at N a mptwi c k a n d di d

’ d m s m H a lli fa x rive away ye Earle of Newcastle s Ar i fro ,

df a rmi n in n a n d Bra ord, Leeds : the Scotts e e tered to E gl join ed with the Lord Fairfax i n beseigi n ge Yorke :

t ” a n d di d overthr ow Prin ce Rob at M a r sn don Moore .

n u d h n a n n Pri ce R pert, the as i g cavalier d brillia t

n in m n a n ff u t ge eral a y a air of o tpos s , was called by

m n n n . o the Parlia e taria s , Pri ce Robber S it seems the Birstall vic ar of that day has n ot qui te hit on

n m but m to nfu his proper a e , see s have got co sed with his n ickn ame . NOTE S AN D ADDE NDA . 205

— 1 2 . e ha er S a n Se C p t V. The hirley Habit tio of

m u wa s i n u ll the Pri rose Leag e stit ted at New Ha ,

e n . u 22n d 1 886 . Birstall , the r side ce of Dr Forsyth , J ly ,

— 1 3 . ee C ha ter n n a s S p V. Norto Co yers w the seat of the Norton s from the Norman Con quest up to the time i of Elizabeth . There are brasses n Wath Church

mm m n co e orati g members of that family . The eﬂi gi es

de a n d hi s i of Sir Damer Rochester , Elizabeth , w fe ,

” a n n n i n n r n d have a gel presidi g over them Ja e Ey e , a

m n um n n in hur c h a like o e t is to be see Wath C ,

m m i r h d dedicated to the e ory of S Ric hard Gra am , a n

hi s r i r n Elizabeth , wife Sir Richa d , like S Damer, slai a n t Marston Moor . Charlotte Bro te was a govern ess

' n l wa r li ﬂe l n with the Gree wood fami y at S c Ha l , ear

n . n n n n d Ripo The Gree woods re ted Norto Co yers , a n doubtless Charlotte Bron te had man y opportun i ties of

n n - un m n u i specti g this ghost ha ted old a or ho se , which

n s n u t n ac cou t for her mi e descriptio of the in terior .

1 4 r — m . See C hap te V. Near Go er sal are two

t m un s Bri a n ti n ar iﬁcial o ds of large ize , said to be g a

m en n d forts , fro which a clear view of the Sp a Calder

' l i l n n Va leys s vi sib e for man y miles . Roma remai s have

n n i n n d also bee fou d Cleckheato istrict . 206 TH E BRON TE COUNTRY .

7 — — r . r 1 5 . See C ha p te 1 Wyc olle Hulk For partic ulars a n u s n n n u on d pict re of this a cie t reside ce , sit ated the

’ H a n d n see n n s i awor th Col e road , Bai es La ca h re .

16 ee L — u w . S C ha p ter V Abo t t o miles f rom

h n e ll Hawort , lower dow th valley, is Oakworth Ha , the

s n n . M P . h e re ide ce of Isaac Holde , Esq , . for t Keighley

s n n c n t Divi io , where some sple did o serva ories are to be

T s u n i s dl seen on spec ial occasion s . he it atio decide y

- t u 850 . eleva ed, abo t feet above sea level

ee C ha er VI I — n a un 17 . S p t For the followi g cco t of

n n r in on i n d n Easto , ear B idl gt , the East Ri i g of

a m n . o H oldem ess Yorkshire , I i debted to Mr Th mas , of

D riﬂi eld u n , who has s pplied this , a portio of a work he i s w n n a m i n i n : riti g , e titled , R bles the East Rid g

Pursuin g the dir ect road from Boyn ton to Brid

n u n n n u a n d li gto , i stead of wa deri g thro gh the village

a m in us the wood , to the Wold Gate, a w lk of a ile br gs

t e ml n to h little ha et of Easton . It is pleasa tly situated

b m n n i n the valley , ut here we lose the ore e cha tin g

sylvan beauty of the supremely picturesque villa ge of

n ﬁr - n e Boyn to , with its clad slopes , re dered still mor

’ attractive by the gushi n g melody of God s own

harmon iou s choi r of un paid c horisters . On the left we

208 TH E 3 3 0 a COUNT RY .

n d - un r di n th n a we pause , spell bo d , b oo g over e sce es of the pa st ; especially if the locality be so pictur esque a s

he n u n i l t eighbo rhood of E a sto . This house w l ever p ossess a n in terest with a ll the lovers of the great a n d

u i n o w r the good , thro gh ts havi g been the sp t he e

Cha rlotte Bron te spen t a few of the ha ppiest of her few

l a s . i f ul o a n d rea ly h ppy da y Hers wa s a l e f l of s rrow,

a m n a n d fﬂ i n n yet , id perso al family a ict o s , privatio s , a n d n s i f bereaveme t , she had that h gher li e whi ch

us n a n d a n u m . s tai ed her , c rried her obly thro gh the

” I n t r n . M s u tt n on a let er to her f ie d E ( is N ssey) , wri e

4th u u 839 h n ou a n d the of A g st, 1 , she says , I t i k y I h a d better adhere to our ﬁrst plan of goin g s omewhere

t in n n toge her, depe de tly of other people . I have got leave to ac compan y you for a week— or at the u tmost a

— fortn ight but n o more . Where do you wish to go

n n u n r s Burli gto , I sho ld thi k, f om what M . sa y ,

a s a n o would be eligible a place s a n y. Whe do y u set off Arran ge a ll these thin gs accordin g to yo ur

n n n t n n co ve ie ce ; I shall s art o objectio s . The idea of seein gthe sea — Of bein g n ea r i t— watchin g i ts cha n ges

un r s sun s m n a n d n o n - — i n a by s i e , et , oo light , o day c lm ,

— m ﬁlls s . perha ps in stor a n d satisﬁes my min d . M r NOTE S AND AD DE ND A . 209

G s i n i n Sh e a n d a kell , her life of M ss Bro te , says , her

n t n a ' tn i i n a t t frien d we t to Eas o for for ght, the l t er par

he t of September. It was here s rec eived her ﬁrs

” I n impression s of the sea . a letter to E dated the

24th o o n of Oct ber, she says , Have you f rgotte the sea

” . I s n di m i n u m n by this time , E it grow yo r i d

c a n ou il u a n d n n d Or y st l see it , dark , bl e , gree , a foam

a n d h n u n n i white , ear it roari g ro ghly whe the wi d s

u n n high , or r shi g softly whe it is calm

n n t n a n d . . I thi k of Easto very of e , of worthy Mr H

” n - i s a d his kin d hearted helpmate . It n ot difficult to

’ ima gin e that a min d li ke Cha rlotte Bron te s would be thoroughly en tran ced while gazin g on the ocean for the

r i m u m t r m the ﬁ st t e , which she wo ld os p obably do fro to Bessi n le on u n p of g y Hill , her way to B rli gton by the

o a n d i n so l n t c ach ; wh le doi g , ittle did she thi k tha within ten years she would be the only relati ve who would follow the remain s of her last- survivin g a n d

n r n n s n - n a tale ted siste , A e , to their la t resti g place , e r

a n m c n i n the rollin g a n d ro ri g of that sa e o ea , the

- burial gr oun d of the old Parish Church of Scarborough .

i n u - u n the I n the detached port o of this b rial gro d , at

s en d u n th ea t of the ch rch , is a headsto e with e

p 210 TE E BR ONTE COUNTRY . followi n g in sc ription Here lie the remain s of An n e

n da u R ev . n e n u n Bro te , ghter of the . P Bro t , I c mbe t of

ks r . he ed 28 1 Haworth , Yor hi e S di May th , 849 .

h s f n on l 6th un "I copied t i rom the sto e the of J e ,

— 1884 . T s H oldem ess Dr iﬂi eld. homa , ] Some yea rs

u n to dl n n n ago the H dso s retired Bri i gto , leavi g their m m son on the fa r . I am told that they ha d an y little

c s n u . arti le which Charlotte h a d give to Mrs . H dson

n s wa r i n t u Amo g t them s a d aw g , by Charlot e , of a gro p i n u m - us n d the s m er ho e at Easto , which she rew while there .

— 18. ee ha ter VI I G t f r S C p The eorge Ho el at Brad o d ,

’ wa s a favourite resort of Br a n well s when he resi ded i n met n n the town . There he Joh James , the historia

n s u &e. e of Bradford , Leyla d , the c lptor , The lat

n n n n Abraham Holr oyd men ti on s Mr . Bro te e tertai i g

to din n er a large n umber of c an di dates for con ﬁrmation

in wi n v at the Talbot Hotel Bradford , o g to a hea y

- n i n sn ow storm havi g set .

— C ha ter VI I I . I t to 1 9 . See p is remarkable trace the

West Yorkshire pla ce -n ames i n the pr Oper n ames of some

”

n . I n n ofthe characters i n the Bron te ovels Ja e Eyre ,

s n kn n a s a n d we have Den t a n d E hto , two well ow pl ce ,

2 THE T 21 BRON E COUN TRY .

t n r n of Charlot e Bro te , by Ha riet Marti eau, which we think worth puttin g before our readers as a last word

There wa s a somethin g i n expressibly affectin g i n the aspect of the frail little crea ture who had don e s uch w n u n a n d o derf l thi gs , who was able to bear up with so a n so m s un n n u n bright eye , co po ed a co te a ce , der n ot n u w so but u o ly s ch a eight of rrow , s ch a prospect

m u n of solitude . I n her deep o r i n g dress (n eat a s a

’ u w t a u u s a n d wn Q aker s) i h her be tif l hair , mooth bro ,

r ﬁ n e a n d n s a n n h e eyes , her se ible f ce , i dicati g a habit

- n s m a r u ima of self co trol , She ee ed pe fect ho sehold ge ,

’ irresistibly recallin g Wordsworth s description of that domestic treasure .

These Notes a n d Adden da a re certainly a n omn i um

a ther um s a n d en s a n w a r e g of odd d , m y of which , ho ever, worthy of record . D ETH I E E D IN D EX .

( C omp i led by the Au thor . )

Adw l n M r 106 a c c oun t of th e a ttl 140 r i st r s a t a to oo , ; b e , ; eg e

Bi r sta ll ur c r la ti n to a ttl 141 a lso i n Notes . Ch h , e g b e , ;

A h a der 3 33 rui i c a l r ma i n s a t 3 i lli a m of Ora n a t 4 . g g, , ; D d e , ; W ge ,

A n l i s i ey , M s, 130.

Allbutt . oma s 1 12 . , Rev Th ,

Am ri c a n i si tor s a t a wort 79 sc r i ti on of i lla 79 e , v H h , ; de p v ge , ;

i ti n r c in ow 82 a ls i n s . c ze e e ts memori a l w d , o Note

An c ot s of E mil Br on te 190 a mmon o er son 62 63 e d e y , ; H d R b , , ,

64 Norm n a leo i r l tc r Norton 138. ; a M c d , 73 ; S F e he ,

A rl Br i 4 1 . ppe ey dge , 9 , 90

Arms of ws ur 32 . De b y ,

m f s 15 A m f 44 Ar ta es o i r l 151 157 8 r s o . y g K k ee , , , ; ,

Arti sti c n i us i n r on t mi l 18 . ge B e fa y , 9 m Asc a o r 8. h R ge ,

ssi s r for u i l 2 A ze a t Yo k L dd te tri a s , 7 .

- At rton Si r i lli a m At rn n r a l 178. he , W , to ey Ge e , B

’ Ba il s a n on i o r a i c a l s tc of a mmon o r son ey , Rev. C , b g ph ke h H d R be ,

59 . 214 TH E BRON TE COUN TRY .

a ll 4 . B yn a skea gh ,

B l u rc 10 . a t ey Ch h , 5 B f ll 4 1 a tts o Oa kwe , 13 , 138, 40.

B a umon t a mi l a t R di n s 1 20 . e f y The y g ,

B c Ba tl 16 1 1 S en 101 147 . e k , ey , , 0 ; p , ,

’ B for a tr i c s la n lor a t a rts a 51 . ed d, P k d d H he d ,

B lls a t i rs 56 a t Bi rsta ll 133 134 . e L ve edge , ; , ,

Bi rl a ll 1 4 . e ey H , 9

ir n s w 1 . B ke ha , 7

i rr ll A 12 B u sti n . e , gu e , , 79

B A 105 129 131 132 133 134 135 136 i ts IRST LL CHURCH , , , , , , , , ;

r i st rs r la tin to i il a r s 141 a n d otes . eg e e g C v W , , N

B AC B I N N H AWOR TE 161 172. L K ULL , , ,

l m r E n 11 . B a c k o e d,

Bloo Assi 2 . dy ze , 7

Bon r D a a t i v r s ur c a n d a l s a ll 62 . ﬁ e y L e edge Ch h He d H ,

Boot r o 1 . h yd , 8

Br a or a ri s 21 or otel a n d Bra n w ll N ot s . df d p h , Ge ge H e , e

Bra n w ll a n a n d a ri a 48 49 . e , J e M , , B r emon ta c a z oma n 1 2 a n d Not s . , R , 9 , 9 , e

Bri a r a ll Bi r sta ll 12 H , , 9 .

Br r ﬁ ld i a e ur 1 . Ch c h , 13

’ ri dli n ton a rlo s i si t to 181 d ot s. B g , Ch tte v , , a n N e

r l B in ir t la c ri ms w 3 . d e, b hp e of G ha , 8

Br c kl b id o e r e u rc . g Ch h , 96

B roc le ur st R ev. M r . . k h , , 97 BRONTE :

a ANN E h er ir t la c 70 a u i l a t ws u r oor 1 12 ( ) , b hp e, ; p p De b y M , ;

ba d a lt 1 13 o rn ess a t r n a mm rton a n d he h , ; g ve G ee H e

Mi r ﬁ eld 17 h er wri ti s 1 h er r a c r ou , 9 ; n g , 79 ; g ve a t S a r bo gh , see Notes

b R 1 B AN WE 60 181 185 186 187 1 88 h i s c a i r 160 . ( ) LL, , , , , , ; h ,

o See a lso N tes .

21 T O 6 TH E BRON E C UNTRY .

’ ll m ri 5 6 s o r St. o n s o a hi m t 7 J h C ege , C b dge , , ; he ,

hi s ﬁ r st c ur a c a t W ethersﬁ eld E ss 8 hi s ws ur y , ex , ; De b y

c ur a c 12 1 3 32 33 34 3 38 3 hi s otta oems y , , , , , , 7 , , 9 ; C ge P ,

34 lo s a t ous orn a rm n a r a rts ea d 51 ; he dge L y Th F , e H h , ;

m rri s ri w ll t ui l r c r si a e Ma a Bra n e a G se ey Chu h, 49 ; e des

a ter ma rri a a t lou a n i town i rs d 40 f ge C gh L e , H gh . L ve e ge , ;

o ula ri t a s a r a c r 47 i n ti t wit a rson lston p p y p e he , ; de y h P He e , ” of i rl 5 1 52 c om s to orn ton -i n -Bra or - a l Sh ey, , ; e Th df d d e,

n n a 2 i r t la c e 70 ; story a s to hi s sha vi g o Sun da y, 7 ; B hp ” of a rlott Bron te Wm. c ruton 71 a wort Ch e , by S , ; H h

’ C h ur c h in ri s ti m 81 . Pa t c k e , ” Bron te mi l A a n 182 185 . Fa y, by F . . Leyl d , ,

r on te n i u s 183 184 . B ge , ,

BR ON TE sur n a m 6 . ( e) ,

Brookr o d 1 8 146. y , ,

Brou ton o a 1 3 9 . gh , Rh d , ” Br own o n . . a ut or of Br un on i a n eor 136 . , J h , M D , h Th y , ” Br un ni a d a m R ev . . a l .A . . 1 35 . o o . , The , p e by W M He d, M , M D

r a n t a n d Brun tee . B y , 7

B uc wor t . o n i c a r of ws ur 13 28 34 res n ts k h , Rev J h , V De b y, , , ; p e

a tri c to li i n of a rts ea -c um - li ton 40 hi s ma rri a P k v g H h d C f , ; ge ,

1 13 .

Bur row a ll 91 92 . H , ,

’ Butl r s u i r a s wr i tten a t ol h a m a ll E ss 1 1 . e H d b , C d H , ex , C

A E i r 14 16 a ulin us rea c s on i ts a n s a t C LD R , The R ve , , ; P p he b k

ws ur 14 ri a ti on f n a m fr om Bri ti s 17 oma n De b y , ; de v O e h , ; R

r oa i n a ll 1 8 a u li n u s a ti s s i mm rsi on i n i ts d v ey , ; P b p e by e

w wn i n b m i 3 ter 2 r i r u r o o r . a s, 0 ; Pa t c k esc es a d g y f o t, 8

A E A E 1 7 40 a ms ls of 34 i ws of a l rom C LD RD L , , ; d e , ; v e d e f

a rts a 43 u r wa t r s 158 Ludden den foot a n d H he d , ; ppe e , ;

ow r b r id 1 . S e y B ge, 81 I DE TAI LE D N DE x. 21 7

’ ’ a m ri St. o n s oll 5 a tri c s si n a tur 6 a t of C b dge , J h C ege , ; P k g e , ; d e

’ o i n 8 Alumn i of St. o n s 8. f un da t o , 7 , ; J h ,

’ m r r n c to o i n oo 1 51 . Ca den s efe e e R b H d , ” a r oli n a o m Bra n w ll 187 . C e , p e , by e ,

a roli n els n 131 1 32 133 148 149 . C e H to e , , , , ,

’ a r twri t hi s n of R a wfold s i ll 54 r n i n 5 C gh , defe c e M , ; p ese ta t o to, 4 ;

hi s r a v 61 g e , .

a st r ton 99 a lso i n otes . C e , , N

C a wla n e on llow of 50 . , L gfe ,

a wston the i rt la c of a mmon o r son 52 . C , b hp e H d R be ,

- lt a tr i c a la r on 33 . Ce , P k ge b ed ,

lti c t or of r on te n i us 183 . Ce he y B ge , B ’ h a i r ra n well s a t Bla c Bull a wort 160 . C , , k , H h ,

’ ” a uc r s t ll st of o i n o 159 . Ch e Ly e Ge e R b H de ,

a rl s I . 126 141 . Ch e , , ” a r l s . 127 E mi l a s th e rr on a r c 190 . Ch e II , y Me y M h ,

H R C H D r umba ll r on e 4 D rum oola n d 4 Wether sﬂeld i n C U , y y , ; g , ; ,

E ss x 8 ws ur 21 1 12 1 1 3 a r ts a 44 ui s l e , ; De b y , , , ; H he d , ; G e ey ,

50 1 78 i r s d 54 55 56 5 ws ur oor 58 1 12 , L ve e ge , , , , 7 ; De b y M , ,

orn ton Old B ll a l 70 a wort 80 81 82 83 Th ( e Ch pe ) , ; H h , , , , ;

T n ll 2 5 ta i n c liﬁ 1 1 Bi 1 1 13 u sta , 90, 9 , 9 ; S e, 0 ; rsta ll , 05 , 29 , 1 ,

132 1 33 1 34 135 136 Mi rﬁ eld 158 15 a t rsa 180. , , , , ; , , 9 ; H he ge ,

i il a r s T 62 126 136 140 141 a n d otes . C v W , he , , , , , , N

l c k a ton 146 a n d Not s. C e he , , e

’

li ton i llsl a mi l s r a a t a rts a d 44 . C f , H ey f y g ve H he ,

’ lou a n i town a tri c s r esi n c 42 . C gh L e , H gh , P k de e ,

ld m ll i n E s 11 o a a s . C h H , ex ,

ln 1 8 Co e , 5 . m otta oe s 34 . C ge P , ” O A B E 85 86 sc r i ti on of r om a n E r 8 C W N RIDG , , ; de p , f J e y e, 7 ; m a l r o to un sta ll urc 90 1 . W k f , T Ch h , , 9

ow r o t 83 . C pe , The P e ,

C x a i wi n a i n ti n 8. o , D v d , d p g , 7 218 THE BRONTE COUNTRY .

ml A h er a ri s 3 . C ro ec h i n g a d gP h ,

w l a tl 126 . Cr om ell a t Ri p ey C s e ,

ross s a t ws ur 20 a rts a 47 O n o a n d C e , De b y, ; H he d , ; xe h pe

8 . Sta n bury , 0

r ow i ll Bo 34 167 . C H g, ,

r ow r s i ll ws ur oor 1 12 . C T ee H , De b y M ,

ro i r a ta i n ra n c i s a w on oi ra 178. C z e , C p F R d M , ” r er B ll n d H er i st r s A r a a m olr o tra c t Cu r e a S e , by b h H yd ; ex

rom 4 or i in of n om de lume 85 97 1 49 . f , 7 g p , , ,

urr r i ss of E s ton a ll a n d Bi rl 85 97 1 49 . C e , M , h H e ey , , , D

’ st oun t wn 4 . Da n es C a i n C y Do , ” n a a n i l 1 93 . Der o d , D e ,

B Y 1 2 13 14 1 5 16 17 18 19 20 i ts u rc 2 1 DE WS UR , , , , , , , , , ; Ch h , ,

1 12 1 13 a n eli c a l r vi va l a t 22 23 ori i n of un a 22 , , ev g e , , ; g S d y

’ ls t 26 27 28 29 c ustoms i l s B ll 31 r o Sc hoo a , , , , ; (Dev e , , Sh ve

’ n c a ll ew bii i ldi n s 3 1 C or or a ti on s ti de 31 , Pa ke Be , n g , ; p

l 32 Old i c a r a 33 39 a tr i c Br on tea t ws ur 12 sea , ; V ge , , ; P k De b y , ,

33 34 37 38 39 a mmon o r son c ura t of a r i s 25 . , , , , ; H d R be , e p h ,

B Y O a mmon ob rson r si s a t 29 r a c s DE WS UR M OR , H d R e e de , p e he

n i o of ur c 58 h i s u estri a n lo i ts a 62 a t c o sec r a t n Ch h , ; eq exp t, ;

l n a t 1 1 1 1 2 1 i w ro 1 1 a r ott Bro te 0 1 1 1 1 3 . v e f m, 0 ; Ch e , , , ,

om s a Boo ws ur i n 21 orn ton 70 . D e d y k, De b y , Th ,

wn oun t 3 6 . Do , C y, ,

rui i c a l r ma i n s a t A h a der 3 a t a t r sa 180 su os D d e , g g, ; H he ge , ; pp ed

t m l a t P on den i r 167 . e p e K k ,

r ba ll r on e 4 . D um y y,

D r um oola n d 4 a ta i n a n i a n a ti of 5 . g , C p M y e Re d ve ,

um t e l 157 . D b S e p e,

’ E a rlsh ea ton a tr ic Br on te s n c oun t r a t 37 i ts ur c 58 . , P k e e , ; Ch h,

2 TH E ON 20 BR TE COUNTRY .

” eor E li ot 69 h er a i l r on a 1 3 . G ge , ; D n e De d , 9

l i n N ei doreth 2 G e , 9 .

’ O E A a r lotte s i si ts to 10 1 13 1 29 143 1 44 145 G M RS L , Ch v , 9 , , , , , ;

S i rl a i ta tion of ri mr os ea u a t 45 r r t h ey H b P e L g e . ; He be

n owl s n a ti of 1 46 r i ti s orts see otes . K e ve , ; B h F , N

Gr m i r 1 i a r mor t woun a a S R i n a ld Ba rt. 12 r i c a ll ed h , eg , , ; S R h d y d

a t a rston oor 1 23 Si r or of N t r 127 i si ts M M , ; Ge ge e he by , ; v

’ of o a lt to th e a mi l 126 i r i c ha r s loa n to R y y f y, ; S R d

a l s . 12 . Ch r e II , 7

’ ’ r a o i n oo s 152 A n n Bron t s a t c a r orou G ve , R b H d , ; e e , S b gh ,

Notes .

r mm n 1 e n a rto 79 . G e H e , ” r en a n T r i st r s of 3 . G e , The h ee S e ,

rims a w . i lli a m 83 84 r si s a t Sowden s 176. G h , Rev W , , ; e de ,

ru n M r . 185 186 . G dy , , ,

ui s l ur 48 50. G e ey Ch c h , , H

H llil s of w ur 2 . a ey De sb y , 9

AR TSHE AD -C UM - I F TON 1 2 1 3 41 43 i ts urc 44 i ts H CL , , , , ; Ch h , ;

ur r 44 4 tri c Br n te a t 47 48 4 50 r si s c h c hya d , , 7 Pa k o , , , 9 , ; e de

a s a a c lor a t Bus orn 5 1 a mmon o rson b he hy Th , ; H d R be

i n c um n t of t i s a r i s 29 30 63 . be h p h , , ,

a t rsa 180. H he ge ,

A O i ts i n ﬂu n c on th e Br on tes 2 102. H W RTH , e e , , 77 ,

ull I n n 1 0 . Bla c k B , 6

’ Br on tes r mo a l to a wort 74 . e v H h ,

8 81 82 . Churc h , 79 , 0, ,

s ri i on of town a n Am ri c a n 79 . De c pt by e ,

i m a w a t a wort s tc of li 83 . Gr sh H h , ke h fe ,

a wort oors 162 1 63 1 64 . H h M , , ,

a w r n i n a sta t of r lli on 190 . H orth Pa so a ge e ebe ,

M o rn a s t of a wor t 89 98. de pec H h , , E AI LE I N D x 221 D T D E .

“ ” oorla n wor - i c tur s a n E r 1 M d d p e i n J e y e , 79 .

P on den i r a t r a ll 164 165 166 1 16 1 1 1 5 K k W e f , , , , 67 , 8 , 71 , 72 , 7 ,

1 76 .

n r out 6 . Sc e e y a b , 9

W l r om orn ton to 6 7 78. a k f Th , 7 , 7 , ” H l R ev. a n on . A . th e ril a ll of i rl 1 35 . ea d, C , M , Cy H Sh ey,

a l . . M . . A . . . 53 1 10 135 wr t s Th e He d , Rev W , M , M D , , , ; i e ” Brun oni a d, 1 35 .

’ l s a ll i v r s 29 53 62 66 . Hea d H , L e edge , , , ,

’

a l s ous ws ur o r 109 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 2 . He d H e , De b y M o , , , ,

E A Y OO E N 100 to 159 . H V W LL DISTRICT ,

ec mon dwi 1 7 . H k ke ,

er c ul s a tri c th e r i s 183 . H e , P k I h ,

woo Oli r a t om r sa l 1 45 . Hey d , ve , G e ,

i town i rs a tri c li s a t 40. H gh , L ve edge , P k ve ,

i r a m Yor 144 1 45 . H ke, ,

ollow The of i r le 1 47 1 48 149 . H , , Sh y , , ,

ollows i ll un swort ills 66 67 1 46 . H M (H h M ) , , ,

’ H olro d s A ra a m ur r r B ll a n d i s r s H e t 4 . y , b h , C e e r S e , 7

o a l of i n a n E r 1 80 . H pe , V e , J e y e ,

owl a ll si e of 106 142 . H ey H , ge , ,

u r s l 108. H dde ﬁe d ,

u r s l oa 100 106 . H dde ﬁe d R d , , ” ’ “ u i r a s Butl r s wr i tt n a t old a m a ll n a r t r s H d b , e , e C h H , e We he

ﬁ eld, 1 1 . I

” m rom tu Br a n w ll Bron t 187 . I p p , by e e ,

n l or ou 84 88 91 . I g eb gh , , ,

n l ton 84 98. I g e , ,

I n n r un s M i r ﬁ eld 15 1 Bla c Bull a wort , Th ee N , , ; k H h ,

s ur r ow 2 . Fen wi c k Ar m , B , 9

r la n 3 4 6 7 . I e d , , , , 222 TH E O E COU BR NT NTRY .

n u r E r Ja e E yr e, see n de y e .

eﬁ eri es i c r 1 47 . J , R ha d ,

ru sa l m r m l c of- ws ur to Je e , ese b a n e De b y , 17 .

erva ulx A 20. J bbey ,

’ m r i 5 o n s St. oll a 6 7 8. J h , , C ege, C b dge, , , ,

owett ri stl r s n t oc c u i r of orn ton Old a r son a J , P e ey , p e e p e Th P ge,

i r t la c Of li t r a r Bron tes 71 . b hp e e y ,

. i f W h r sﬁ l owett . os . c a r o et e e d a n d r o s r J , Rev J eph , LL D , V , P fe so

of i il La w a m ri 1 1 a lso see Not s . C v , C b dge , ; e

usti c a l r of R di n s Bi r sta ll 120 1 21 . J e W ke , The y g , , , K

l i rl 1 4 1 45 . K ee da r , Sh ey , 0 ,

k E mil r n te a 1 K in g Cha rles i n th e oa , y B o s, 90 .

r F u n 164 t 1 6 . Ki k , o de , o 7

l a n d ot s. Ki rkby Lon sda e , 99 , N e

i r l 4 105 107 15 1 1 52 155 156 15 Ar m t es of K k ees, 43 , 7 , , , , , , , 7 ; y a g ,

5 158 a rms of Arm ta es of 44. 15 1 , 1 7 , ; y g ,

n owl s r rt 146. K e , He be , L

a c oc ro essor T oma s . . a n a lumn us oo u se L y k , P f h , M D , f W dho

r o c ool 178. G ve S h , i Leek r 85 86 88 8 91 s e a ls s . , The R ve , , , , 9 , ; e o Note

s a n d n a l oa 85 . Leed Ke d R d ,

“ ” E Y A D . A . a ut or of Bron te a mi l 13 182 1 85 186 L L N , F , h F y , , , , ,

187 esi n r of ws ur or ora ti on s l 32. ; d g e De b y C p ea ,

- i htn i n struc tr 1 11 120. L g g k ee , , 4 Li sn a c reevy, .

i rs 5 1 to 67 its ur c 55 56 5 i t Ha ll 1 5 34 . L ve edge , ; Ch h , , , 7 ; s , 0 . 1

on f llow hi s a n c stors a t ui s l 50. L ge , e G e ey,

224 TH E O E CO BR NT UNTRY .

Old Vi c a ra ws ur 33 ge , De b y , .

Oli r woo a t om rs l 1 5 a 4 . ve Hey d G e , P

a la ti n Not Boo E tr a c t r om 1 . P e e k, x f , 79

a tr i c Bron te see u n r Bron te a tri c see l No P k , de , P k ; a so tes on

MR S . AR AH E W OME s to hi s tr u r a c a ra c t . S N S , e h e

n a n c 48 se l Pe z e , , e a so Notes .

i lli s or a r l n n 1 6 Ph p , Ge ge Se e , o a tur e, 7 .

olla r a ll om r sa l th e r si n c o f r rt n owl s 145 P d H , G e , e de e He be K e , ,

146 .

n en i r s r ir . P o d K k , ee un de K k

ri stl os . . 1 42 1 4 . P e ey, J eph, LL D , , 3

ri mr os a u i r l a i ta ti on of a t om rsa l 1 45 see P e Le g e , Sh ey H b , G e , ,

ls o a o N tes .

ri or i r l e s 152 th e la st r i or ss of 15 P y, K k e , ; p e , 9 . R

a w on 177 178. R d , , l i a ta i n a n a n a ti of D ru m oo a n d a r i s 5 . Re d , C p M y e , ve g p h ,

m n m s t wsbur a s c ura 25 2 o r son . a mo c o o t 6 R be , Rev H d , e De y e , , ,

27 2 h i s wor a t i r s a n d in th e s t i di n for , 9 ; k L ve edge We R g ,

the ur c 52 to . Ch h , 66

R di n s Bi r sta ll Thor n ﬁ eld a ll see u n r E r a n y g , The , , ( H ) , de y e, J e ,

a i n Th orn ﬁ eld ll or ilton a t 121 usti c a l r he d g Ha ; L d M , ; J e W ke

’ r s d s r 121 i E ll N u sse s r si n c 121 . e i e the e , ; M ss en y e de e , S

c a r orou urc a r r a of An n Br on t a t see N ot s . S b gh Ch hy d , G ve e e , e

la d n B 1 S e ec k , 65 .

Sowden s, 176 .

SP E N A E 43 54 55 57 66 un s wort ills ollows i ll V LL Y, , , , , ; H h M (H M )

i n , 146 , 1 47 , 148, 149 , 1 50 . LE DE TAI D I NDE X .

un a c ols 2 2 2 28 2 . S d y S ho , 5 , 6, 7 , , 9

’ wi n urn s sti ma t of a rlott Bron te 192 193 . S b e e e Ch e , , T

’ T a c r a s n c omi um on a rlott Bron te 1 2 . h ke y e Ch e , 9

or lti c of Br on te n i u s 183 184 . The y, Ce , ge , , ” Th orn ﬁ eld a ll see un r E r a n H , de y e, J e .

orn ton he i l h T t rt c o r n o 4 . h , b hp a e f t e B o tes , 70 t 7

Thr ush er oss r a n 176 see a lso ot s. G ge , , N e

i . T oma s 5 . T ghe , Rev h ,

un sta ll urc Broc klebri d e urc of “ a n E r T Ch h , g Ch h J e y e ,

96, 97 , 98. U

U r w d e oo n a r a w on 177 . pp , e R d , V m a n a li s tri um a n t t a wor 82 . V d ph a H th , W

st i i n f r of urc ri n c i l s i n . a mmon We R d g, The a the Ch h p p e , Rev H d

o rs n 61 . R be o ,

st Yor s i r ur c i n 65. We k h e , The Ch h ,

’ E E E i n E ss the sc n of a tri c s ﬁ r st c u ra c W TH RSFI LD , ex , e e P k y ,

’ 1 5 34 i 8 i s n i our oo 1 1 a tr i c s , ; ts Chur c h , ; t e ghb h d , ; P k i t 12 c our tsh p a , .

W c oller a ll n a r oln 158 a n d see ot s . y H , e C e, , N e

or s ir c r t r 184 . Y k h e ha a c e ,

2 28 THE BRONTE C OUNTRY .

i les o i At n son a r h n Br ton treet ec mon wik . k , Ch J , gh S , H k d e bert At i n son o Ri on den a li fa . 2 c o i s . k , R , pp , H x p e

m Ba c ouse a es un r . st ous Yor . kh , J , j , We H e , k

Ba s a w a l r i c tori a oun dr a tl . gh , W te , V F y , B ey

B E tl . P . Mir ﬁ d . a lms . B . a J ot a ll el , Whe ey , , C e W ,

Ba r r a r l s Ar t a ster ec kmon wi . be , Ch e , M , H d ke

r r M c mon wi . Ba . . or t a t k be , J , N hg e, He d ke

r r . E . 21 ill a n ra df r . Ba ke , J , , M L e , B o d

Ba rra c lou B. 33 Russ ll tr t Ba tl . gh , , , e S ee , ey

l r a n Ba t os oo imb rc t ec mon wi . ey , J eph C ke, T e Me h , H k d ke

B ll . H . . . Br r e , J , M D , a dfo d .

B n tl M rs. H . Si r ob r t l I n n ec kmon wi . e ey, , R e Pee , H d ke

Bin n s . Art ur Oﬁ c ia l c i r i n Ba n ru tc Bra dfor . , J h , Re e ve k p y , d

’ Bi nn s i ss a r lott St. An r w s illa s Br for . , M Ch e , d e V , a d d

Bi r h a r l s a t ma ti c a l c ool R oc st r . d, C e , The M he S h , he e

Bir r ll Au usti n Au t or of i f of a rlott Bron 3 N e , g e , h L e Ch e te, , ew

’ u r Lin ln s I n n on on W . C . 5 o i . Sq a e , c o , L d , c p es

Bla c urn Ar t ur 430 E a st i th tr t S . Boston . .A . kb , h , , S x S ee , , , U S

Bla c ur n or 430 E a st i t tr e t S . Boston . .A . kb , Ge ge , , S x h S e , , , U S

Bla c ur n i ss ort a t otta Almon ur . kb , M , N hg e C ge , db y

Bla c urn a mu l t n i x ill Bri ous . kb , S e , M , gh e

i o Bla c kmor . . C . orc a r B s Rec tor on s ir . e , Rev J , M h d h p y, Dev h e

Bla l . sl a ms n tr t i rs . ke ey, J We ey , R de S ee , L ve edge

Bla n H . Ba n a wort . d , , Ivy k , H h

Boot o n 27 Gi rlin ton oa Bra for . h , J h , , g R d , d d

Bow r Ba w ll a n or a rm a wa r n . e , ke e , The M F , H de

Br a l o . H . vill E sta t Ofﬁc s Th omhill r s a ws u . d ey , Th , S e e e , , De b y

Bra . E . 1 u n tr B r n sl . dy , W , , Q ee S eet, a ey

Br a i ls or E n d liﬂ e heﬂi eld . f d , Joseph, c , S

” ’ Bri d s or ri a r i n s n n . ge , Ge ge , The F y , K g Ly

Br i s . P . l Bo r c ols Ba l a a o t . dge , H , He ey d S h , ey

Bri rl or a n D en sh a w ous D l n a r l m O a . e ey , M g , H e , e ph , e dh LI ST OF SUR SC R I R E R S . 229

Bri rl P m ri et r o h olli r Ba tl . e ey , W p o R c e C e y , ey ri rl m illi Boo s r 2 Bon r L s. 2 i s . B e ey, W a , k elle , , d St eet, wd c op e

Bri B n a mi n S. Burli n ton ou s i l . gg, e j , g H e , Ke gh ey

Bri o n i l wi c ous n a r s . gg , J h , K d k H e , e Leed

Br i s Art ur . P . r a o a w on . 2 c o i es . gg , h , J , C gg R yd , R d p

Br i s os o ds l c a ton . gg , J eph, The R y , C e khe

Bri n sl a rl s B ll Vue ous ool . ey , Ch e , e e H e, G e

Broo o n A illa ws ur k , J h S . , qua V , De b y .

Broo M rs . st ous om rsa l . ke , , We H e, G e

Broo R ev . a n on . n a m . A ura l ea n Thomhill ke , C J I gh , M R D ,

R c tor ws u r . 2 c o i s . e y , De b y p e

Br oo h os . Armi Bri u r sﬁ el . 2 o ta c i s. ke , T , ge dge, H dde d p e

Br oo s . urra c ool ous Bolton a n Br a for . k , W M y , The S h H e , L e , d d

rown i ss a r n r s twoo e s . B , M , B do G a n ge , We d, Le d

Br own . F . Boo s ll r s a wort . 20 c o i s . , R , k e e , H h p e

ruc a mu l . . .P . ﬁ l . B e , S e , LL B , J , Wa ke e d

urli n m n i C . r n . B a Da l . D . a wa gh , e , M , H de

’ ur li n m i n n n B a M r s. 81 i tr et s . gh , , , H gh S e , K g Ly

Bur nl a rl s c mon wi . ey , Ch e , He k d ke

Bur nl o n W. Ashﬁ eld c mon wi . ey, J h , , He k d ke

Bu r ﬁ eld F . l n Bra for . tte , , Wi sde , n ea r d d

- - a l w ll . t wa rt la ton le oor s Ac c ri n ton . C d e , Rev S e , C y M , g

lt r o M . A. Tun st ll i a r n ea r i r on sd l . Ca h p , Rev . F . J a V c a ge, K kby L a e

a m d illi i n s nk r . C i ge , W a m, Sa v g Ba , Yo k

h wi mi s Br i to ill s orl . C a d c k Aqua , Che t, gh n V a , M ey

a wi c . oli i tor n owl Mi r ﬁ eld . Ch d k , S J S c , K e ,

a wi c . H . O or oa ws ur . Ch d k , W , xf d R d , De b y

m . C a rs . E . F . Th e i rst Alfr ton r shi r h be , J , H , e , De by e

- il . H . r t r Ba l C o r t B Ch de, W , Sec e a y t ey ope a ti ve Soc i e y , a tley .

hri sti . . .A . Th e i c a ra on t fra c t. C e, Rev J J M , V ge , P e

la a m o n .P . ill r stwi c a n c ster . C ph , J h , J , The H , P e h, M he l m a a o n Art ur 16 A sl r sc en t Bra for . C ph , J h h , , p ey C e , d d 2 0 3 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

la r Ro rt L.R .C .P a n r . C k , be , L c a ste

ol s . Horsma n 6 st ourn r a on on . C e , T , 7 , We b e Te r c e, L d , W

oll n W o o . s t r C , , P tma s e , H ec kmon dwi ke.

oo . F . illow rr a c s . C k , J , W Te e, Leed

o m o o a u l un r . ort B a n Muswell Hill on n C ke , S e , j , N h k , , L d , 2 c Opi es.

oo illia m ort B a n 354 M uswell Hill on on C ke, W , N h k , , , L d , 2 c epi es.

C or di n le o n 10 l ourn la c Bra for . g y, J h R , Me b e P e , d d

otton o n r t Br fo C , J h , Ve e Str ee , a d rd .

owli n M r s . ha l a n c mon wi . C g, , C pe L e , He k d ke

ra tr . C . o th i w c mon wi . C b ee , J , S u V e , He k d ke

ra n o n E M ulc ture Ha ll o mor n . C ve , J h , T d de

ra n os M . P Ashﬁ eld orn ton . C ve , J eph, . , , Th

ro t os Ba n Bra or . C f , J eph , The k , df d

row E . H . Th e c ool ous Sta i n c li ﬂe ws ur . C , , S h H e , , De b y

rowt r os i tr e t c mon wi . C he , J eph, H gh S e , He k d ke

ur on r n i ri a m r s . C z , F a k , V c to Cha be s , Leed

utl r R . a rl s a t r sa e i c a ra n a r Sheﬁi eld . C e , ev Ch e , H he g V ge , e

a n i l . . C M .A Boot r o i c a ra D ws ur . D e , Rev W . , h yd V ge , e b y

m n wi . a rw n t . . E wa rt . A . c o D e , Rev C , M , He k d ke

Da i s Rev. . G . M . A . i c a r a Ba tl . v e , T , , The V ge , ey

m n wi . Da i son . F . ro i n c ills c o v , W , P v de e M , He k d ke

a wson E wa r l n n Ta ﬂ tr a t a m on on S.W . D , d d , G y , S e h , L d ,

a s n m l i n t r ws ur . 2 c o i s . D w o , Sa ue , Pr e , De b y p e

D a or .P . a n in a ton ws ur . 2 c o i es . y, Ge ge , J , H g g He , De b y p

D a or r or tr t c mon wi . y, Ge ge , Uppe Ge ge S ee , He k d ke

m. D a . o n l r t wi n on c tor lt n a y , Rev J h Gi be , S d Re y , Che e h

a E B ﬂi c i a l c i r i n Ba n r u tc Ba tl . n . E . . O De e , , LL . , Re e ve k p y , ey

i n . c mon wi . Dev e , Rev F . J He k d ke

w s m s 13 r un swi c la c r df r . De hur t, Ja e , , B k P e , B a o d

i c k Wm. . . r m di c a l a rtm n t. D , , M D , A y Me Dep e

TH E 232 BRONTE COUN TRY.

i rt ohn The Gua r di a n lec ea ton . F h , J , , C kh

F i rt . F . . P . F lus ec k on wi . h, T , J , The h, H m d ke

F o i tt illia m emi st T i rs . gg , W , Ch , h k

ortun i l Alston ouse a rro a te. F e, R ey, H , H g

oster n oom e a r hi tc h urc O ford . F , Joh , C b P k, W h, x

F owl r R e v. W . .A . Li rsed i c a ra orma n t . e , , M , ve ge V ge , N on

F x a l T a rm Sta in c liﬁ e. o , Ch ey, he F ,

F ox oun c illor . Ash illa er Ba tl . , C J J V , Upp ey

F ox u la n s ws ur . , D ke , Up d , De b y

x s E . Ba tl . 2 c o i s. F o , Ja me , ey p e

ra s r r eri c G . a n ur or 1 E a st a ra ee s. F e , F ed k , L d S vey , , P de, L d

. W dh r k i c a r n ea r a eﬁ l . m hn . a Fr ee a n , Rev . Jo , M A , oo V ge, W k e d

. i c ill B wli n Br or . Fr eema n , S . S , V tori a M , o g, a df d

ri n . F e d , A

llow . . 120 Bowli n Old a n Bra dfor . G a a y , T C , , g L e, d

a un t Mr a rlton Roa Boa r c ools ws ur . G , C d d S h , De b y

G a r Mr . r tla n Boa r Sc ools . e y , , G ee d d h

W l w r ha ltown e s . eor . . dh o o G ge, F , G e G ve , C pe , L ed

ur B l a ter works ta i n c li ﬁ e D ws r . Gra ha m , Arth , a t ey W , S , e bu y

ra a m Si r e i na l Ba rt. orton on rs i on . 2 c o i s . G h , R g d , , N C ye , R p p e

ra a m s Yew re otta i r s . G y, J e , T e C ge , L ve edge

G r ni n a rl s Ki rk a te Br dfor . 3 c o i s . ee g, Ch e , g , a d p e

a i lston E wa r F . S .A a lton a ll a ﬁ l . H e , d d , W H , W ke e d

Ha i n sworth L. 1 18 B wli n Old a n Br a dfor . , , , o g L e , d

a l . 15 Ha m ton la c Bra for . H ey , Rev J , p P e , d d

a l H . a ﬁ l . H ey, W. , W ke e d

a ll . As ri oc woo u rsﬁ l . H , J b dge , L k d , H dde e d

a ll R . r e ri c r C a l a rson a c mon wi . H , ev F de k , Uppe h pe P ge, He k d ke

a ll Ro er t a r a n Ba tl . H , b , D k L e , ey

a lli w ll illi a m I r on foun der H c mon wik . H e , W , , e k d e

’ H r tl Tom a l s ou s ws ur oor . a dc a s e , , He d H e , De b y M msr or sus sc nms n s . 288

m a rtl illi a st i w i r olm a li a . H ey , W , We V e , H ppe h e , H f x

’ a wort R . St. Au usti n s c ool ws ur . H h , ev J g e S h , De b y

a s o n W . 41 Al i on tr t B tl a . He p , J h , , b S ee , ey

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wi tt i c a rd 24 r or n oa d Bra dfor . 2 c o i s. He , R h , , She b e R , d p e

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i n l M rs . Li h tc li ffe ous H o r n s on on . H d ey , , g H e , ey , L d , N

i rst Art ur a wort sl a n c ool . H , h , H h We ey S h

i rst h a rles E d . orl eds . 2 c o i es . H , C , , M ey , Le p

i rst or H . oli c itor ws ur . H , Ge ge , S , De b y

i rst a r lton r r a c Sta i n c li ﬁ e ws u r . H , J C Te e , , De b y

mm l ﬁ e ws ur . ir st Mr s . o on oa Sta i n c i H , , C R d, , De b y

Hi r st Sa m a li a oa Sta in c liﬁ e ws ur . , , H f x R d , , De b y

’ R i a r r s i c r m ol c ev . . w s St. a t a a Ben tha H be k , J Le , M g e V ge, ,

a La n c shi r e .

ol n sa a c M P . Oa wor t a ll i l . H de , I , . , k h H , Ke gh ey

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lt M . n l o r c o D r . You Ar s . H , , / g, d ey

or rn sa a c E r ton ous E rton u d rsﬁ l . H de , I , dge H e , dge , H d e e d

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H ld or ri l ou s c m n w . ou sw th . M . n k o i , R , Sp gﬁe d H e , He d ke

owa rt ohn or ora ti on Ba t s Br a or . 2 c o i s H h , J , C p h , df d p e .

utc i n son m s G . 12 l ourn la c Bra or . H h , Ja e , , Me b e P e , df d

I bberson . l r to the st i i n a i str a t s s r . , Jo , C e k We R d g M g e , Dew bu y

n son . Ba t tr t B a tl . I e , W J h S ee , ey

n m a mos . n r a w r A a o ou s t . I gh , , M D . , M H e , H o h m i l n a o n ri n t r Sta n c iffe ws ur . I gh , J h , P e , , De b y

m o r n a i ss l ton a ll Yo . I gh , M , P pp e H , k

n ra m o n F a i r ﬁ eld ws u r . 2 c o i es . I g , J h , , De b y p 2 T 34 THE BRON E COUNTRY .

m 1 l n a t o n on . n ra o n H . 3 A i o o o wi n t n o N I g , J h , 7 , b R d , S ke Ne g , L d , 2 i c op es .

s r wood Sta in c li ﬁ e ws ur . 2 c o i s . I he , W , De b y p e

a m s . E a n n i or ur a t of a ri s urc a n d ur a t J e , Rev v , Se C e P h Ch h , C e

’ - i n C ha r of St. a m s Mi ssi on ur c ws ur . ge J e Ch h, De b y

sso . W . o a w n . Je p , Rev , R d

ubb or . P . wi ss ous Ba tl . J , Ge ge, J , S H e , ey

ei hl M rs . r in a l u r sﬁ l . 2 c o i s . K g ey , , Sp g V e , H dde e d p e

ll tt F . . Ke e , , Wyke

ll or r os c t ous i r s . Ke ey , Ge ge , P pe H e , L ve edge

r oot . 5 1 Bu r n rove oa fﬁ l . Ke f , Rev J , g R d , She e d

rr ma n on . . . P . B. A. o ton i c a ra vi a Nor t Ke , Rev G , , H p V ge ,

rr . St. or . A . Sta in c li ﬁ e i c a ra ws ur . Ke , Rev Ge ge , M , V ge , De b y

r s a w ohn s . Ke h , J , P ud ey

e wor t M rs . li fton Yor . 2 c o i s. K y h , , C , k p e

itc n ma n o n Oa k i lla c oc s r n Bi r min ha m . K he , J h , V , A k G ee , g

K n owl s i ss ou t ou s om r sa l . 3 c o i s . e , M , S h H e, G e p e

K n uble . E . on son . A . ta l c tor e s . y , Rev P by , M , S ve ey Re y, Le d

La w Al r ra n l c a ton . , f ed , The G ge , C e khe

- - La n m . w B a i n M . A B rr i r La w 3 a r r e ds , e j , . , a ste a t , 7 , P k Squa e , L e

La w . T . Ar c i B t c t le . , J , h e , a t y

La w illi a m ittl o u a n st r . , W , L eb ro gh , M c he e

a c oc a mu l 50 o a ll oa Bla c ool. L y k , S e , , F xh R d , kp

B r h ri rk . m l . H E d . o b d e Y a a n A . . ou o Le d , ex D , , g g ,

F x st a r ill s ws ur . Lee , P . o , We P k V a , De b y

s . Arn ol 2 o t ous la c e s . Lee , F d , , L f h e P e , L ed

s . oma s . A . r a i c a r a a rli sl . Lee , Rev Th , M , W e y V ge , C e

’ i ton i ss 10 a n r s r o t a wort . Le gh , M , , G ge C f , H h

i B on don i c a l i r c tor st Lew s, W . eva n , L , Med D e , We

i i n As lum a l . 2 c o i s . R d g y , W keﬁe d p e

236 TH E B T C RON E OUNTRY .

w r a tt s B oo Boo s ll r s Br r . 2 M he ke , k e e , a dfo d 0 c opies .

M a w illi a m n ﬁ rm r Br o a a r . , W , The I y, df d

M m u c C a llu n c a n on n . , D , L do

M c C ormi k . F . r r . c , Rev , Ma ypo t

iln . M . a l er l ous n a r s . M e , S , C v ey H e, e Leed

iln r i ss otta wor t o r Yor M e , M , The C ge, He h M o , k.

i ln s r i i n tr t W i t Ba tl . M e , F ed , R d g S ee , h e Lee , ey

i tc ll R . o rt B. A . i c a r a a n i n ea ton M he , ev R be , , The V ge , H g g H ,

Dewsbury .

on ous o n K en da l a n d C oun t N ws 33 a r t la c M kh e , J h , y e , , M ke P e ,

Ken da l .

orri son a lter M . P M a l a m a rn B ll Bu s . 4 c o i s. M , W , h T , e k p e

o m . r ti r a rl s 7 1 r a n li n tr et ilw u Wi s . U S . M e , Ch e , 9 , F k S e , M a kee , ,

i r r r - - u a d o a c to a ton B r wi c on we . M he , Ge ge , F , P x , e k T ed

urr a ra n Boo s ll r or a ous r . M y , F k , k e e , M y H e, De by

r s . . W . B. A i R ta n li ﬁ e ws ur . Mye , ev J , S c , De b y

N a u hton o n E ll sm r c ool a rr o a t . g , J h , e e e S h , H g e

N ws olm Art ur . . on . 39 i tr t la a m e h e, h , M D , L d , , H gh S ee , C ph ,

on on . . L d , S W

i on E wa r a vil ous t l . N x , d d , S e H e , Me h ey

m - - or a n a t. R . N B rwi c ou we . . vi ot ous N , C p , , Che H e , e k T ed

N or ton M r s. Sta i n c liff s , , e, Dew bur y .

Odd o n G . H a llc roft a ll A i n a m n ea r ds . 5 c o i s . y, J h , H , dd gh , Lee p e

a r i n o er t C l r to th e c mon wi k c ool Boa r . P k , R b , e k He k d e S h d

a tt r son e . . B. A . M . E mon wi . G o J . c P e , de , , , He k d ke

a n E . 6 C rimbles tr e t ds . P y e, . S , , S e , Lee

n W - - a n r . . N w ill a ll a t u on a rn . P y e , He y, M D , e h H , h p De e

a r son or c o . a r son on s on tr a c tor s N ew oc Pe , Ge ge, / S Pe S , C , D k

r s o t n Wo k , S u ha mpto .

ea r son or 2 P a r kﬁ eld oa Bra d or . 5 c o i s . P , Ge ge, , R d , f d p e 2 LI ST OF SUBSCRI BE RS . 37

m . i l i r . 2 c o i s . a rson . W . B. D c a a Pe , Rev , , Sh p ey V ge p e

l r H kmondwi k H r a . Pee , F a n k , ec e e ld

to W . a w r ic a r i l . 2 c o i s . Pen dle n , Rev . J . , O k o th V a ge , Ke gh ey p e

i c a r Wi lli a m R i str ous a ﬁ l . P k d , , eg y H e , W ke e d

i c rin a s . Ox or oa ws ur . 2 c o i s . P ke g, J , f d R d , De b y p e

i c r s ill a rl s P . a rl or ou rr a c ws ur . P ke g , Ch e , M b gh Te e , De b y

i l i n on M rs . Terre les um ri s . 2 c o i s. P k gt , , g , D f e p e

la tt Oli r r os c tou U ermi ll n ea r Old a m. P , ve , P pe , pp , h

l r o ol a E li ti l n str uc tor c n i c a l c ol u r sﬁel . P d , , Tex e I , Te h S h , H dde d

ool ic a r 78 r a t or ton oa Bra dfor . P e , R h d , , G e H R d , d

o l ton M r s . N ew ous M i r ﬁ eld . P pp e , , H e ,

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r itt . E . e n t o a i n l s . P , T , R ge L dge , He d g ey , Leed l uli c i n M r s li t n a stl B a . P e , C f o C e , ed e

m . wson t urt w ua r s . Q by, W Da , Coun y Co , De bury

i A B r . R a ba l a ti M . . . . r fo g , A , M D , a d d

a c . . W . Bi i n s r s i r R e , Rev J , dd g , De by h e .

a n . . Mi lville . A . r ll i c a r B a a a a l . R ve , Rev G , M , C keh V ge , ed e

m on . a n r M rs . i u s R y e , S e , P d ey

’ l u ow n L l a n r . B a c rn a ea u n s r i l . R y e , R kb Lee , G , Q ee D ve , I k ey

- R ea dhea d iln s R . ol n lou li t r o . M e , , H de C gh , C he e

a mu l l c a ton . Reeve, S e , C e khe

R n ton R i c a r it c mon wik . e , h d, Wh e Lee , He k d e B n ol s i c a r 13 ri a te e s . Rey d , R h d , , gg , Le d

o s osi a oun t i lla c mon wi . Rh de , J h , M V , He k d ke

R o s i lli a m i r s a ll vi a orma n ton . h de , W , L ve edge H , N m o s . n a l s Ol ﬁ l ou s c on wi . Rh de , W Ve b e , d e d H e, He k d ke

i c a r son B n a min a r . . 25 a n c st r R h d , e j W d , M D , , M he e

u r on on . Sq a e , L d 238 TH E BRONTE COUNTRY .

i A 14 Buc n a m oa fﬁ l . R dge, , ke h R d, She e d

Ri wa r ri c ws ur . dg y , F ede k, De b y

i on ost H on . th e a r u ss of K . G . tu l o a l i on . R p , The M M q e , , S d ey R y , R p

o r ts n r r ow r s om r sa l n a r s . R be , He y , C T ee , G e , e Leed

R A i ll r la c e e s . o son . . a o a b , W M y , H y P , L ed

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o r son . H . 4 o l a wort . R ge , C , , H y e , H h

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os n r Ba r on ss Von A a i n o s a on . R e be g , e , k z e H f , S x y

’ ’ - - - uss ll Mi ss 9 St. a r a r t s oa St. on a r s on the Sea . R e , J , M g e R d, Le d

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240 TH E O E CO BR NT UNTRY .

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W orf l o k or mi st l l . , Ge ge N Che , I k ey

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