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Reprint with additions Aims and Scope Topics in Geobiology Book Series Topics in Geobiology series treats geobiology – the broad discipline that covers the history of life on Earth. The series aims for high quality, scholarly volumes of original research as well as broad reviews. Recent volumes have showcased a variety of organisms including cephalopods, corals, and rodents. They discuss the biology of these organisms-their ecology, phylogeny, and mode of life – and in addition, their fossil record – their distribution in time and space. Other volumes are more theme based such as predator-prey relationships, skeletal mineralization, paleobiogeography, and approaches to high resolution stratigraphy, that cover a broad range of organisms. One theme that is at the heart of the series is the interplay between the history of life and the changing environment. This is treated in skeletal mineralization and how such skeletons record environmental signals and animal-sediment relationships in the marine environment. The series editors also welcome any comments or suggestions for future volumes. Series Editors Neil H. Landman, [email protected] Peter Harries, [email protected] For other titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/series/6623 Reprint with additions 123 Editors W. Bruce Saunders Neil H. Landman Bryn Mawr College American Museum of Natural History Department of Geology Central Park West at 79th St. Bryn Mawr PA 19010 New York NY 10024 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] ISBN 978-90-481-3298-0 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3299-7 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3299-7 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009935703 c Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 First edition 1987 Plenum Press, New York Reprint with additions 2009 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Nautilus belauensis hatched at the Waikiki Aquarium, October, 1990. Photograph courtesy of Waikiki Aquarium. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) . xxxvi . xxxvi of . xxxix . lxix xi xii Contents Contents xiii xiv Contents Contents xv xvi Contents Contents xvii xviii Contents Contents xix xx Contents Contributors John M. Arnold Pacific Biomedical Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, deceased John Baldwin School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; email: [email protected] Vernon C. Barber Department of Sciences, Roehampton Institute, Whitelands College, West Hill, London SW15 3SN, United Kingdom George B. Bourne Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; email: [email protected] Bruce A. Carlson Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, Georgia 96815; email: [email protected] M. Patricia Carpenter Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 John A. Chamberlain, Jr. Department of Geology, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210; email: [email protected] J. Kirk Cochran School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794; email: kcochran@notes. cc.sunysb.edu Desmond Collins Department of Invertebrate Palaeontology, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada Rex E. Crick Department of Geology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019; email: [email protected] Larry E. Davis Department of Biology, College of St. Benedict, St. John’s University, Collegeville, MN 56321; email: [email protected] Richard Arnold Davis Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, College of Mount St. Joseph, Cincinnati, Ohio 45223-1670; email: [email protected] Yoshio Fukuda Laboratory of Pathology and Animal Physiology, Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Chiba 280, Japan Emily Greenfest-Allen Penn Center for Bioinformatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021; email: [email protected] xxi xxii Contributors Lewis Greenwald Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; email: [email protected] Charles Grégoire Centre de Recherches Métallurgiques, Abbaye du Val Benoît, Liege, Belgium, deceased T. Hamada Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153, Japan Peter J. Harries Department of Geology, University of South Florida, Florida 33620-5201; email: [email protected] Shozo Hayasaka Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan, deceased Roger A. Hewitt 12 Fairfield Road, Eastwood, Leigh-on-Sea, Essex SS9 5SB, United Kingdom P. W. Hochachka Department of Zoology and The Sports Medicine Clinic, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A9, Canada Michael R. House Department of Geology, Southampton Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH United Kingdom, deceased William M Kier Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280; email: [email protected] Neil H. Landman Division of Paleontology (Invertebrate), American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024; email: [email protected] Keith O. Mann Department of Geology and Geography, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio 43015; email: [email protected] A. W. Martin Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, deceased Tatsuro Matsumoto 1-28-5, Minami-Ohashi, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815, Japan, deceased S. Mikami Yomiuri-Land Co. Ltd., Tokyo 206, Japan W. R. A. Muntz Faculty of Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia Harry Mutvei Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; email: [email protected] Kimihiko Öki Kagoshima University Museum, Kagoshima 890, Japan; email: [email protected] T. Okutani 714 Takaishi 4-17-1, Asao-ku, Kawasaki City, Japan 251-0003; email: [email protected] James R. Redmond Department of Zoology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 Toshio Saisho Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan W. Bruce Saunders Department of Geology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania 19010; email: [email protected] Contributors xxiii R. Schipp Institute for General and Special Zoology, Justus Liebig University, D 6300 Giessen, Germany Earl A. Shapiro Georgia Geologic Survey, 19 Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive, SW Atlanta, GA 30334 Akihiko Shinomiya Laboratory of Marine Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan; email: shino@fish. kagoshima-u.ac.jp Claude Spinosa Department of Geosciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725; email: [email protected] Andrew R. H. Swan School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE United Kingdom Kazushige Tanabe Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan: email: [email protected] Curt Teichert Department of Geological Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, deceased Junzo Tsukahara Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890, Japan Peter D. Ward Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; email: [email protected] M. J. Wells Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; email: [email protected], deceased G. E. G. Westermann Department of Geology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada; email: [email protected] Judith E. Winston Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, Virginia 24112; [email protected] David S. Woodruff Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email: [email protected] J. Z. Young Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom, deceased Nautilus workshop and symposium participants, Bryn Mawr College, May 29, 1986. Front Row (left to right): Paul Bond*, Bryn Mawr College; Donald Dan, New Friendship, Maryland; Curt Teichert*, University of Rochester; Mrs. R. Schipp, Giessen, Germany; Mrs. W. W. Martin, Seattle, Washington; Arthur W. Martin*, University of Washington; Kazushige Tanabe, Ehime University; William Orr, National Science Foundation, Washington, D. C.; Takashi Hamada, University of Tokyo. Second Row (left to right): Rudolf Schipp, Justus-Liebig-University; Bruce Saunders, Bryn Mawr College; J. Z. Young*, Oxford University; Peter Ward, University of Washington; Eric Denton*, Marine Biological Association (U. K.); David Jacobs, Virginia Polytechnical Institute; Anna Bidder*, Cambridge University; Earl Shapiro, Georgia Department of National Resources; Kirk Cochran, State University of New York at Stony Brook; Roger Hewitt, McMaster University; John Chamberlain, Jr., Brooklyn College, City University of New York. Third Row (left to right): William Kier, University
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