DOCSLIB.ORG

Temporal and Bathymetric Resolution of Nautiloid Death Assemblages in Stratigraphically Condensed Oozes (New Caledonia)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Temporal and Bathymetric Resolution of Nautiloid Death Assemblages in Stratigraphically Condensed Oozes (New Caledonia) doi: 10.1111/ter.12218 Temporal and bathymetric resolution of nautiloid death assemblages in stratigraphically condensed oozes (New Caledonia) Adam Tomasovych,1 Jan Schl€ogl,2 Darrell S. Kaufman3 and Natalia Hudackova2 1Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava 84005, Slovakia; 2Department of Geology and Paleontology, Comenius University, Mlynska dolina G, Bratislava 84215, Slovakia; 3School of Earth Sciences & Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Campus Box 4099, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA ABSTRACT Cephalopod shells can be affected by postmortem transport at a centennial temporal resolution and with excellent and biostratigraphic condensation, but direct estimates of the bathymetric fidelity. Dead Nautilus shells exist for only a few temporal and spatial resolutions of cephalopod assemblages hundred years on the seafloor, in contrast to the biostrati- are missing. Amino acid racemisation calibrated by 14C graphically condensed mixture of extant foraminifers and demonstrates a centennial-scale time averaging (<500 years) foraminifers that went extinct during the Pleistocene. Cepha- of Nautilus macromphalus in sediment-starved, epi- and lopod shells that do not show any signs of early diagenetic mesobathyal pelagic environments. The few shells that are cementation are unlikely to be biostratigraphically thousands of years old are highly degraded. The median condensed. occurrence of dead shells is at 445 m depth, close to the 300–400 m depth where living N. macromphalus are most Terra Nova, 00: 1–8, 2016 abundant. Therefore, dead shells of this species accumulate ooze deposition in the Indo-Pacific. Introduction Methods Such environments are characterised Chambered cephalopods frequently by sediment starvation, by ferroman- Twenty-one dead shells of show rapid evolutionary turnover ganeous and glauconitic deposits that N. macromphalus were sampled with and attain broad geographic ranges, grow in the absence of sedimentation beam trawls and dredges at eleven and thus represent one of the key at millennial to million-year time- sites around the New Caledonia groups used in high-resolution strati- scales (Follmi,€ 2016), and by a co- archipelago in 1985 and 1987 graphic, biogeographic and oceano- occurrence of extant and Pleistocene (Fig. S1, Table S1, De Forges, 1990). graphic inferences of fossil foraminifers that implies significant Five additional specimens sampled assemblages (Brayard et al., 2006; stratigraphic condensation (Hayward between New Caledonia and the Dera et al., 2011; Sessa et al., 2015). and Kagawata, 2005). We suggest Chesterfield Islands in 2003 and 2005 However, chambered cephalopods that present-day sediment-starved were described by Mapes et al. can be subjected to postmortem pelagic environments can provide (2010a). Eighteen shells were col- ascent and significant drift by water taphonomic windows into processes lected between 330 and 750 m depth currents, thus confounding interpre- that generated biostratigraphically in the epibathyal zone, and eight tations of environmental conditions condensed assemblages in the past. shells were collected between 750 and and biogeographic distribution Here, we quantify the temporal 2045 m in the mesobathyal zone. (Fernandez-L opez and Melendez, and bathymetric resolutions of nau- Seawater temperature off New Cale- 1996; Chirat, 2000). Chambered tiloid death assemblages in such sedi- donia between 300 m and 600 m cephalopods are also subject to sig- ment-starved environments. First, we depth declines from 15 to 5 °C, and nificant condensation because they estimate postmortem age with 14C is 4 °C at 1000 m (Roux et al., frequently inhabited open-shelf and and amino acid racemisation in 26 1991). We split the shells into epi- pelagic-swell environments that were shells of N. macromphalus collected bathyal and mesobathyal assem- prone to sediment starvation in the in bathyal environments off New blages to reduce the effect of past (Wendt and Aigner, 1985; San- Caledonia to constrain their rate of temperature on the rate of racemisa- tantonio and Carminati, 2011; Coim- disintegration on the seafloor and tion. Fourteen shells contained ooze bra and Oloriz, 2012). Present-day thus their potential for stratigraphic sediment that was wet sieved with a species of Nautilus predominantly condensation. Second, we show that 0.071 mm mesh size. We identified inhabit bathyal environments with some calcitic foraminifers extracted 250 foraminifer specimens to species from sediment infills of Nautilus level in each of these shells, and shells went extinct during the Pleis- determined their last stratigraphic Correspondence: Adam Tomasovych, tocene, thus providing information appearance datum. Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy on significant differences in time The ages of seven specimens dated of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava with 14C at the AMS facility at the 84005, Slovakia. Tel.: +0421 904 852145; averaging between nautiloid and for- e-mail: [email protected] aminiferal assemblages. Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1 Cephalopod time averaging in sediment-starved environments • A. Tomasovych et al. Terra Nova, Vol 0, No. 0, 1–8 ............................................................................................................................................................. were converted to calendar years time since sampling of shells on the collection, implying a decline in the using the Marine13 data and Cal- seafloor (Table S4). To quantify the rate of shell disintegration from cen- ib7.1 (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993), rate of loss of Nautilus shells from tennial- (195 years) to millennial- with a regional marine reservoir cor- the surface seafloor sediments on the scale half-lives (3013 years) while rection (ΔR) equal to 26 years basis of two depth-specific age–fre- shells are exposed in the mixed layer (SD = 23 years) (Table S2). The 14C quency distributions (AFDs), we (Table S5). The shells older than activity of one specimen (CP30/4) used a simple exponential model 1000 years are highly incomplete, was indistinguishable from back- (rate of loss is constant in time), a with relicts of walls and umbilicum ground levels, implying an age of at Weibull model (rate of loss gradually (Fig. 2); and incompleteness of least 50 000 years. declines over time, e.g. old shells dis- phragmocones correlates positively The outermost chamber whorls integrate at a slower rate than young with postmortem age (Spearman were split into external spherulitic- shells), and a two-phase exponential r = 0.77, P < 0.0001, Fig. S6). Shells prismatic and middle nacreous lay- model (rate of loss abruptly declines are frequently penetrated by micro- ers, which were analysed separately over time) (Tomasovych et al., 2014). borings (Fig. 3A,B). Some specimens for the extent of amino acid racemi- show lm-thick, yellowish to brown- sation (AAR) using reverse-phase ish aggregates of clays, goethite (de- Results high-pressure liquid chromatography termined by X-ray diffraction), and analysis (Kaufman and Manley, The AFD of N. macromphalus is coccoliths that coat empty borings 1998). We screened the data accord- strongly right-skewed, with a median and external surfaces (Fig. 3C,D). ing to Kosnik and Kaufman (2008) age of 263 years and an interquartile However, tabular aragonitic crystal- and calibrated the rate of AAR range (IQR) of 394 years (Fig. 2). lites forming the nacreous layer do according to Allen et al. (2013) with Twenty specimens are younger than not show any signs of diagenetic seven specimens (including one speci- 500 years and six specimens are older cementation (Fig. 3E,F), and the men dated by 210Pb in Mapes et al., than 1000 years (Table S1). Three internal sediment within the whorls 2010a) (Figs S2 and S3), fitting specimens older than 1000 years were is never lithified. aspartic (Asp) and glutamic (Glu) found at 1140 m depth. The AFD Of the sediment samples extracted acid D/L values separately for each from the epibathyal zone is similarly from the whorls of 14 shells, 13 con- layer (Fig. 1A,B and Table S3). characterised by centennial-scale time tained at least one foraminifer spe- Postmortem ages estimated on the averaging (median = 260 years and cies that went extinct during the basis of nacreous and prismatic lay- IQR = 220 years). The AFD from Pleistocene (Table S1). These extinct ers are similar (Fig. 1C). In addition the mesobathyal zone shows a simi- species co-occur with extant species, to the 14C and 210Pb ages of eight lar median age (363 years) but the thus showing significant million-year- shells, the AAR ages of the addi- IQR is equal to ~2000 years due to scale time averaging. They include tional 18 shells used in the analyses the presence of one very old speci- the pink Globigerinoides rubra that of temporal resolution are derived men (older than ~50 000 years). The went extinct in the Pacific 120 000 years from the nacreous layer, which mixture of frequent young shells ago (Thompson et al.,1979),the shows a larger covariation in the (younger than 500 years) and rare planktonic species Sphaeroidinellopsis extents of racemisation among amino very old shells best supports the paenedehiscens, Globigerinoides fistulosus acids and is less affected by micro- two-phase exponential and Weibull and Pulleniatina praecursor that went bioerosion than the prismatic layer models of skeletal loss in both depth- extinct during the Lower Pleistocene at (Figs S4 and S5). All ages refer to specific assemblages
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chambered Nautilus Over Coral (USFWS) 1.3 Family: Nautilidae (Blainville, 1825)
    Original language: English CoP17 Prop. 48 (Rev.1) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________________ Seventeenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Inclusion of the Family Nautilidae (Blainville, 1825) in Appendix II in accordance with Article II paragraph 2 (a) of the Convention and satisfying Criterion B in Annex 2a of Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP16)1. B. Proponents Fiji, India, Palau and the United States of America2 C. Supporting statement 1. Taxonomy 1.1 Class: Cephalopoda 1.2 Order: Nautilida Figure 1 Chambered nautilus over coral (USFWS) 1.3 Family: Nautilidae (Blainville, 1825) 1.4 All species in the Family Nautilidae,3 as follows: Allonautilus spp. (Ward & Saunders, 1997) Allonautilus perforatus (Conrad, 1949) Allonautilus scrobiculatus (Lightfoot, 1786) Nautilus spp. (Linnaeus, 1758) Nautilus belauensis (Saunders, 1981) Nautilus macromphalus (Sowerby, 1849) Nautilus pompilius (Linnaeus, 1758) Nautilus repertus (Iredale, 1944) 1 CITES listing criteria and definitions must be applied with flexibility and in context. This is consistent with the “Note” at the beginning of Annex 5 in Resolution Conf. 9.24 (Rev. CoP16): “Where numerical guidelines are cited in this Annex, they are presented only as examples, since it is impossible to give numerical values that are applicable to all taxa because of differences in their biology.” The definition of “decline” in Annex 5 is relevant to the determination of whether a species meets either criterion in Annex 2a of the resolution. Nonetheless, it is possible for a species to meet the criteria and qualify for listing in Appendix II even if it does not meet the specific parameters provided in the definition of “decline”, which is in fact more relevant for the inclusion of species in Appendix I.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report
    Overseas Countries and Territories: Environmental Profiles FINAL REPORT PART 2 – DETAILED REPORT SECTION D – PACIFIC REGION Consortium January 2015 EuropeAid/127054/C/SER/multi Request n° 2013/325768 DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared with the financial assistance of the European Commission. The views expressed herein are those of the consultants and therefore in no way reflect the official opinion of the European Commission Authors of the Report Contractor’s name and address Safège Consortium Jose de Bettencourt Gulledelle 92 Helena Imminga-Berends B-1200 Brussels - BELGIUM Project manager Camille Vassart on behalf of Prospect C&S Please consider the environment before printing this document Page 2 / 110 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACAP Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels ACOR Association Française pour les Récifs Coralliens ACP Africa Caribbean and the Pacific ACS Association of Caribbean States AEPS Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy AFD French Development Agency AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme AMOC Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States APEC Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation BAS British Antarctic Survey BEST EU Voluntary Scheme for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Territories of European Overseas BRGM Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières CAFF Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna CANARI Caribbean Natural Resources Institute CARICOM Caribbean Community CARIFORUM Caribbean Forum CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCAMLR Convention
    [Show full text]
  • New Caledonia Landscape Biodiversity Population History Founding Texts Administrative Organization Economy Culture Maison De La Nouvelle-Calédonie in Paris
    NEW CALEDONIA LANDSCAPE BIODIVERSITY POPULATION HISTORY FOUNDING TEXTS ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION ECONOMY CULTURE MAISON DE LA NOUVELLE-CALÉDONIE IN PARIS AUTHOR: ANNE PITOISET Anne Pitoiset is a journalist, writer and TV documentary filmmaker. She is the author of a number of books and films about New Caledonia. NEW CALEDONIA Maison de la Nouvelle-Calédonie 4 bis rue de Ventadour 75001 Paris 01 42 86 70 00 www.mncparis.fr NEW CALEDONIA LANDSCAPE – 13 At the centre of Melanesia, the New Caledonia archipelago is enchantingly unique, thanks to its BIODIVERSITY – 17 geography, history and culture. POPULATION – 29 Often noted for its exceptional biodiversity or underground wealth, the archipelago also contains HISTORY – 35 other treasures, less visible perhaps, but just as important. FOUNDING TEXTS – 53 In its deepest valleys, in the secret of its forests, the ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION – 59 myths and legends of the first humans live on. The presence of deceased ancestors, the Elders, endlessly ECONOMY – 63 repeated, is at the heart of the land’s soul. CULTURE – 81 The ancestral memory of origins, for so long only a part of Kanak culture, has today become an essential MAISON DE LA NOUVELLE-CALÉDONIE fact for all the communities that make up the IN PARIS – 101 archipelago’s population. Founding political action has built the basis of a modern, peaceful Caledonia, which is now writing a new page in its history. After coming to terms with its complicated past of colonization, penal colonies and suffering, New Caledonia has now accepted its multiple roots and shared Oceanian identity. This booklet offers the keys to unlocking a new understanding of New Caledonia, its wealth, its unique journey and the originality of its exceptional destiny.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Biology, Behavior, and Conservation of the Chambered Nautilus, Nautilus Sp
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2015 On the Biology, Behavior, and Conservation of the Chambered Nautilus, Nautilus sp. Gregory Jeff Barord Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/853 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] ON THE BIOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND CONSERVATION OF THE CHAMBERED NAUTILUS, NAUTILUS SP. By Gregory Jeff Barord A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Biology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2015 i © 2015 GREGORY JEFF BARORD All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Biology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ___________________ ______________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Dr. Jennifer Basil, Brooklyn College ___________________ ______________________________________________ Date Executive Officer Dr. Laurel A. Eckhardt Dr. John Chamberlain, Brooklyn College Dr. David Lahti, Queens College Dr. Eugenia Naro-Maciel, College of Staten Island Dr. Heike Neumesiter, Hunter College Dr. Philip Lee, University of Southern Mississippi Dr. Peter Ward, University of Washington Supervising Committee The City University of New York iii Abstract ON THE BIOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND CONSERVATION OF THE CHAMBERED NAUTILUS, NAUTILUS SP. By Gregory Jeff Barord Advisor: Dr. Jennifer Basil Chambered nautiluses are unique molluscs that differ from their closest relatives, octopus, squid, and cuttlefish, in many ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Cephalopod Guidelines
    Reference Resources Caveats from AAALAC’s Council on Accreditation regarding this resource: Guidelines for the Care and Welfare of Cephalopods in Research– A consensus based on an initiative by CephRes, FELASA and the Boyd Group *This reference was adopted by the Council on Accreditation with the following clarification and exceptions: The AAALAC International Council on Accreditation has adopted the “Guidelines for the Care and Welfare of Cephalopods in Research- A consensus based on an initiative by CephRes, FELASA and the Boyd Group” as a Reference Resource with the following two clarifications and one exception: Clarification: The acceptance of these guidelines as a Reference Resource by AAALAC International pertains only to the technical information provided, and not the regulatory stipulations or legal implications (e.g., European Directive 2010/63/EU) presented in this article. AAALAC International considers the information regarding the humane care of cephalopods, including capture, transport, housing, handling, disease detection/ prevention/treatment, survival surgery, husbandry and euthanasia of these sentient and highly intelligent invertebrate marine animals to be appropriate to apply during site visits. Although there are no current regulations or guidelines requiring oversight of the use of invertebrate species in research, teaching or testing in many countries, adhering to the principles of the 3Rs, justifying their use for research, commitment of appropriate resources and institutional oversight (IACUC or equivalent oversight body) is recommended for research activities involving these species. Clarification: Page 13 (4.2, Monitoring water quality) suggests that seawater parameters should be monitored and recorded at least daily, and that recorded information concerning the parameters that are monitored should be stored for at least 5 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Significance of the Suture Line in Cephalopod Taxonomy Revealed by 3D Morphometrics in the Modern Nautilids Nautilus and Allonau
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Signifcance of the suture line in cephalopod taxonomy revealed by 3D morphometrics in the modern nautilids Nautilus and Allonautilus Amane Tajika1,2*, Naoki Morimoto3 & Neil H. Landman1 Assessing the taxonomic importance of the suture line in shelled cephalopods is a key to better understanding the diversity of this group in Earth history. Because fossils are subject to taphonomic artifacts, an in-depth knowledge of well-preserved modern organisms is needed as an important reference. Here, we examine the suture line morphology of all known species of the modern cephalopods Nautilus and Allonautilus. We applied computed tomography and geometric morphometrics to quantify the suture line morphology as well as the conch geometry and septal spacing. Results reveal that the suture line and conch geometry are useful in distinguishing species, while septal spacing is less useful. We also constructed cluster trees to illustrate the similarity among species. The tree based on conch geometry in middle ontogeny is nearly congruent with those previously reconstructed based on molecular data. In addition, diferent geographical populations of the same species of Nautilus separate out in this tree. This suggests that genetically distinct (i.e., geographically isolated) populations of Nautilus can also be distinguished using conch geometry. Our results are applicable to closely related fossil cephalopods (nautilids), but may not apply to more distantly related forms (ammonoids). Te Cephalopoda are marine mollusks including both extinct (e.g., orthocerids, bactritoids, ammonoids, and belemnoids) and modern taxa (squids, octopuses, and nautiloids). Since their origin in the Cambrian1, they have played an important ecological role in the oceans, occupying most likely multiple trophic levels2–6.
    [Show full text]
  • Shell of the Month by Dr. Rick Batt Nautilus Pompilius Linnaeus, 1758
    Shell of the Month by Dr. Rick Batt Nautilus pompilius Linnaeus, 1758 (Chambered Nautilus) The Chambered Nautilus is a member of the family Nautilidae, the only living group of cephalopods that have an external shell. This family is all that remains of a long lineage of nautiloid cephalopods that originated back in the Cambrian Period, more than 485 million years ago. Nautiloid shells are superficially similar to those of ammonites, members of a more advanced group of cephalopods (ammonoids) that became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous Period about 66 million years ago. Because today’s Nautilus is the only modern analog for comparison, when I pursued my Doctoral research on ammonites I also needed to become an “expert” on all aspects of modern Nautilus. The shell of a Nautilus is composed of the mineral aragonite (nacre), which gives the shell’s interior its pearly luster, which can also be exposed by dissolving away the outer layer of the shell in acid to produce the “pearly Nautilus” shells common in shell craft. The Nautilus shell is coiled in a single plane (planispiral), with earlier whorls hidden or nearly hidden by the final whorl (we call these shells “involute”). The first picture shows two views of a typical Nautilus shell (US quarter for scale). The shell’s interior is divided into a series of chambers separated from each other by septa (singular “septum”). The second picture shows a Nautilus shell that has been sawed in half to show the internal details. The animal occupies the large living chamber at the end; the older part of the shell behind the last septum is called the phragmacone.
    [Show full text]
  • Reprint with Additions Aims and Scope Topics in Geobiology Book Series
    Reprint with additions Aims and Scope Topics in Geobiology Book Series Topics in Geobiology series treats geobiology – the broad discipline that covers the history of life on Earth. The series aims for high quality, scholarly volumes of original research as well as broad reviews. Recent volumes have showcased a variety of organisms including cephalopods, corals, and rodents. They discuss the biology of these organisms-their ecology, phylogeny, and mode of life – and in addition, their fossil record – their distribution in time and space. Other volumes are more theme based such as predator-prey relationships, skeletal mineralization, paleobiogeography, and approaches to high resolution stratigraphy, that cover a broad range of organisms. One theme that is at the heart of the series is the interplay between the history of life and the changing environment. This is treated in skeletal mineralization and how such skeletons record environmental signals and animal-sediment relationships in the marine environment. The series editors also welcome any comments or suggestions for future volumes. Series Editors Neil H. Landman, [email protected] Peter Harries, [email protected] For other titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/series/6623 Reprint with additions 123 Editors W. Bruce Saunders Neil H. Landman Bryn Mawr College American Museum of Natural History Department of Geology Central Park West at 79th St. Bryn Mawr PA 19010 New York NY 10024 USA USA [email protected] [email protected] ISBN 978-90-481-3298-0 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3299-7 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3299-7 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009935703 c Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Compendium of Marine Species from New Caledonia
    fnstitut de recherche pour le developpement CENTRE DE NOUMEA DOCUMENTS SCIENTIFIQUES et TECHNIQUES Publication editee par: Centre IRD de Noumea Instltut de recherche BP A5, 98848 Noumea CEDEX pour le d'veloppement Nouvelle-Caledonie Telephone: (687) 26 10 00 Fax: (687) 26 43 26 L'IRD propose des programmes regroupes en 5 departements pluridisciplinaires: I DME Departement milieux et environnement 11 DRV Departement ressources vivantes III DSS Departement societes et sante IV DEV Departement expertise et valorisation V DSF Departement du soutien et de la formation des communautes scientifiques du Sud Modele de reference bibliographique it cette revue: Adjeroud M. et al., 2000. Premiers resultats concernant le benthos et les poissons au cours des missions TYPATOLL. Doe. Sei. Teeh.1I 3,125 p. ISSN 1297-9635 Numero 117 - Octobre 2006 ©IRD2006 Distribue pour le Pacifique par le Centre de Noumea. Premiere de couverture : Recifcorallien (Cote Quest, NC) © IRD/C.Oeoffray Vignettes: voir les planches photographiques Quatrieme de couverture . Platygyra sinensis © IRD/C GeoITray Matt~riel de plongee L'Aldric, moyen sous-marine naviguant de I'IRD © IRD/C.Geoffray © IRD/l.-M. Bore Recoltes et photographies Trailement des reeoHes sous-marines en en laboratoire seaphandre autonome © IRD/l.-L. Menou © IRDIL. Mallio CONCEPTIONIMAQUETIElMISE EN PAGE JEAN PIERRE MERMOUD MAQUETIE DE COUVERTURE CATHY GEOFFRAY/ MINA VILAYLECK I'LANCHES PHOTOGRAPHIQUES CATHY GEOFFRAY/JEAN-LoUIS MENOU/GEORGES BARGIBANT TRAlTEMENT DES PHOTOGRAPHIES NOEL GALAUD La traduction en anglais des textes d'introduction, des Ascidies et des Echinoderrnes a ete assuree par EMMA ROCHELLE-NEwALL, la preface par MINA VILAYLECK. Ce document a ete produit par le Service ISC, imprime par le Service de Reprographie du Centre IRD de Noumea et relie avec l'aimable autorisation de la CPS, finance par le Ministere de la Recherche et de la Technologie.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Irregular Shell Formation of Nautilus in Aquaria: Chemical Composition and Structural Analysis
    Zoo Biology 33: 285–294 (2014) RESEARCH ARTICLE Understanding Irregular Shell Formation of Nautilus in Aquaria: Chemical Composition and Structural Analysis Mehdi Moini,1 Aoife O'Halloran,2 Alan M. Peters,3* Christine A.M. France,2 Edward P. Vicenzi,2 Tamsen G. DeWitt,3 Esther Langan,3 Tim Walsh,3 and Robert J. Speakman4 1George Washington University, Department of Forensic Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia 2Smithsonian Institution, Museum Conservation Institute, Suitland, Maryland 3Smithsonian Institution, National Zoo Animal Care Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia 4University of Georgia, Center for Applied Isotope Studies, Athens, Georgia Irregular shell formation and black lines on the outside of live chambered nautilus shells have been observed in all adult specimens at aquariums and zoos soon after the organisms enter aquaria. Black lines have also been observed in wild animals at sites of broken shell, but continued growth from that point returns to a normal, smooth structure. In contrast, rough irregular deposition of shell continues throughout residence in aquaria. The composition and reasons for deposition of the black material and mitigation of this irregular shell formation is the subject of the current study. A variety of analytical techniques were used, including stable isotope mass spectrometry (SI‐MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), micro x‐ray fluorescence (mXRF), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based X‐ray microanalysis. Results indicate that the black material contains excess amounts of copper, zinc, and bromine which are unrelated to the Nautilus diet. The combination of these elements and proteins plays an important role in shell formation, growth, and strengthening.
    [Show full text]
  • Traffic an Investigation Into the Trade of Nautilus
    TRAFFIC AN INVESTIGATIONINVESTIGATION INTO INTO THE THE TRADE TRADEOF NAUTILUS OF NAUTILUS REPORT APRIL 2016 AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE TRADE OF NAUTILUS ©Jürgen Freund and WWF/TRAFFIC APRIL 2016 TRAFFIC/WWF Nautilus Trade Investigation 1 ©TRAFFIC/WWF. 2016 All rights reserved. This material has no commercial purposes. The reproduction of the material contained in this publication is prohibited for sale or other commercial purposes. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit TRAFFIC / WWF as copyright owner. The document was financed by US Fish and Wildlife Service and US NOAA Fisheries. The opinions, findings and conclusions stated herein are those of the author[s] and do not necessarily reflect those of the donor and partner organizations listed in the acknowledgements. The designation of geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC Network, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) or IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Suggested citation: Freitas, B, Krishnasamy, K. (2016). An Investigation into the Trade of Nautilus. TRAFFIC, World Wildlife Fund. Washington DC. USA. ISBN: 978-1-85850-391-2 Cover photograph by: Juergen Freund. TRAFFIC/WWF Nautilus Trade Investigation 2 Acknowledgements Many people were involved in the production of this report. The online trade data analyses in this report were produced by Paola Mosig.
    [Show full text]
  • Petition to List Chambered Nautilus (Nautilus Pompilius) As Endangered Or Threatened Species Under the Endangered Species Act
    A Petition to List Chambered Nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) as Endangered or Threatened Species Under the Endangered Species Act Photo: Gregory J. Barord Submitted to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce acting through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Marine Fisheries Service May 31, 2016 Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway Suit 800, Oakland, CA 94612 Phone: 510-844-7103 [email protected] 1 Petition to list chambered nautilus under the ESA ____________________________________________________________________________________ Notice of Petition Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 1401 Constitution Ave, NW Washington, D.C. 20230 Email: [email protected] Dr. Kathryn Sullivan Acting Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator Office of Administrator National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration 1401 Constitution Ave. NW Washington, DC 20230 Email: [email protected] Eileen Sobeck Assistant Administrator for NOAA Fisheries National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 Email: [email protected] Petitioners Dr. Abel Valdivia on behalf of the Center for Biological Diversity 1212 Broadway #800, Oakland, CA 94612 Phone: 510-844-7103 [email protected] 2 Petition to list chambered nautilus under the ESA ____________________________________________________________________________________ Pursuant to Section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b), Section 553(e) of the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § 533(e), and 50 C.F.R. § 424.14(a), the Center for Biological Diversity (“the petitioner”) hereby petitions the Secretary of Commerce and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (“NOAA”), through the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS” or “NOAA Fisheries”), to list the chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) as a threatened or endangered species.
    [Show full text]