Svá Er Sagt Í Fornum Vísindum

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Svá Er Sagt Í Fornum Vísindum Bernt Øyvind Thorvaldsen Svá er sagt í fornum vísindum Tekstualiseringen av de mytologiske eddadikt Avhandling for graden philosophiae doctor (PhD) ved Universitetet i Bergen 30. juni 2006 Senter for middelalderstudier Innhold Forord.............................................................................................................................. 5 1 Innledning..................................................................................................................7 1.1 De sentrale begrepene og den overordnede teoretiske rammen.........................7 1.2 Muntlig tekstualisering.....................................................................................10 1.3 Undersøkelsens struktur og fremdrift...............................................................12 Del I................................................................................................................................17 2 Den muntlig-formulaiske eddaforskning................................................................. 19 2.1 Konkluderende oppsummering........................................................................ 31 3 Eddadiktningen i den norrøne poetiske tradisjonen................................................35 4 Fremførelse og tekst................................................................................................ 49 4.1 Litt om tekst, tale og titler................................................................................ 52 4.2 De mytologiske eddadikt fremføres................................................................. 55 4.3 Tekstene som metamorfe fremførelser.............................................................66 4.4 Oppsummerende om fremførelse av mytologiske eddadikt.............................73 Del II.............................................................................................................................. 75 5 Innledning til andre del........................................................................................... 77 6 De narrative gudediktene og intertekstuelle relasjoner.......................................... 83 6.1 Det poetiske språket i Þrymskviða ..................................................................83 6.1.1 Fellespoetiske uttrykk...............................................................................86 6.1.2 Intertekstuelle uttrykk med spredning i eddadiktningen ......................... 88 1 Tre deiktiske uttrykk.......................................................................................88 2 Uttrykk som viser til statiske fenomen...........................................................89 3 Intertekstuelle uttrykk som muligens har stereotyp narrativ funksjon........... 91 6.1.3 Tekstuelle uttrykk.....................................................................................96 6.1.4 Tekstualiseringen av Þrymskviða...........................................................100 6.2 Det poetiske språk i Hymiskviða sammenliknet med Þrymskviða................104 6.3 Konkluderende oppsummering...................................................................... 111 7 Repetisjonen som strukturerende fenomen............................................................115 7.1 Repetisjon og bolking.................................................................................... 115 7.2 Bolken, teksten og estetikken.........................................................................129 8 Tekstualisering og fremførelse: Deiktisk blending i Vǫluspá og Hávamál...........139 8.1 Den doble scenen i Vǫluspá...........................................................................142 8.2 Brukes den doble scenen i Hávamál?.............................................................147 8.2.1 Strofe 1–108........................................................................................... 150 8.2.2 Strofe 109–164....................................................................................... 151 Konklusjon.................................................................................................................. 157 9 Konklusjon om eddadikt og tekstualisering...........................................................159 Appendiks og bibliografi ........................................................................................... 167 10 Appendiks A: Diktene.......................................................................................... 169 10.1 Vǫluspá........................................................................................................ 172 10.2 Hávamál....................................................................................................... 184 10.3 Vafþrúðnismál..............................................................................................208 10.4 Grímnismál...................................................................................................217 10.5 Skírnismál.................................................................................................... 225 10.6 Hárbarðsljóð.................................................................................................232 10.7 Hymiskviða.................................................................................................. 240 10.8 Lokasenna.................................................................................................... 247 10.9 Þrymskviða...................................................................................................258 10.10 Alvíssmál....................................................................................................264 11 Appendiks B: Intertekstuelle uttrykk....................................................................269 11.1 Vesen............................................................................................................270 11.1.1 Kollektiv...............................................................................................270 11.1.2 Mytiske vesen.......................................................................................270 11.1.3 Andre referanser til vesener..................................................................271 11.2 Steder............................................................................................................271 11.3 Fenomen.......................................................................................................272 11.3.1 Det konkrete tilknyttet antropomorfe vesen......................................... 272 11.3.2 Abstrakter tilknyttet antropomorfe vesen.............................................273 11.3.3 Natur (inkludert ‘mytisk natur’)........................................................... 274 11.3.4 Diverse fenomen og kombinasjoner av fenomen................................. 274 11.4 Handlinger....................................................................................................274 11.5 Hendelser......................................................................................................276 11.6 Tilstander......................................................................................................277 11.7 Tid................................................................................................................ 277 11.8 Deiktiske uttrykk..........................................................................................278 11.9 Diverse......................................................................................................... 279 12 Appendiks C: Bolker............................................................................................281 13 Forkortelser.........................................................................................................287 14 Bibliografi............................................................................................................289 Forord Denne avhandlingen er et produkt av tre års arbeid ved Senter for middel- alderstudier ved Universitetet i Bergen. Den er fokusert på den heterogene mengden tekster som benevnes eddadikt, og i all hovedsak på de diktene som har mytologisk innhold. Formålet med avhandlingen er å undersøke hvordan denne diktningen kan oppfattes som tradisjonsmateriale, som tekster med røtter i den frodige muntlige tradisjonen som finnes i norrønt språk. Oppgaven er både frustrerende og spennende, siden eddadiktningen er mer problematisk å plassere i tid og rom enn andre norrøne poetiske sjangere. De teoretiske og kildekritiske problemene er store, og disse studiene kan ikke oppfattes som annet en famlende forsøk på å øve rett- ferdighet både mot kildeforholdene og diktningens poetikk. Veileder Else Mundal må takkes for verdifulle faglige innspill, og for tålmodighet og sinnsro i en prosess som til tider må ha synes relativt kaotisk. Ellers kunne mange personer nevnes: kolleger ved Senter for middelalderstudier og andre som direkte og indirekte har gitt innspill til prosjektet. Av disse må Bergsveinn Birgisson spesielt nevnes, for han har lest både mer og mindre fornuftige utkast til kapitler og avsnitt, og gitt kritiske og verdifulle kommentarer. Om norrøn tekst: Jeg normaliserer norrøn tekst i retning av Odd Einar Haugens normal (1998). Når ikke annet er oppgitt, er referanser til eddadikt til Sophus Bugges Norrœn fornkvæði, skaldedikt til Finnur Jónssons Den norsk-islandske skjaldedigtning. I de tilfellene jeg velger å sitere diploma- tarisk, blir abbreviaturer oppløst og kursivert i innrykkede sitat, mens de samme abbreviaturene blir
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