Redalyc.16TH CENTURY JAPAN and MACAU DESCRIBED by FRANCESCO CARLETTI (1573?-1636)
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Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies ISSN: 0874-8438 [email protected] Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal Colla, Elisabetta 16TH CENTURY JAPAN AND MACAU DESCRIBED BY FRANCESCO CARLETTI (1573?-1636) Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, vol. 17, 2008, pp. 113-144 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36122836005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative BPJS, 2008, 17, 113-144 16TH Century Japan AND Macau DESCRIBED by FRANCESCO Carletti (1573?-1636) Elisabetta Colla * Centro Científico e Cultural de Macau, Lisbon Abstract This paper will give a brief account on Macau and Nagasaki at the end of 1590s as described by the Florentine Merchant Francesco Carletti in his Codex 1331 (T.3.22) preserved in the Biblioteca Angelica in Rome is a XVIIth Century Manuscript, also known as Ragionamenti del mio viaggio intorno al mondo, is the relate about the first private circumnavigation. Resumo Este ensaio visa a fornecer a descrição de Macau e Nagasaki nos finais dos anos Noventa do século XVI assim como emerge no Codex 1331 (T.3.22) do mercador florentino Francesco Carletti, conservado na Biblioteca Angelica de Roma. Este manus- crito do século XVII é também conhecido por Ragionamenti del mio viaggio intorno al mondo, e apresenta a história da primeira circumnavegação efectuada com meios particulares. 要約 本稿は、ローマのアンジェリカ図書館所蔵(Codex 1331 (T.3.22))の、 フィレンツェ商人フランチェスコ・カルレッティの記録のうち、1590年 代のマカオと長崎に、焦点を当てるものである。17世紀に記された同記 録は、「世界周遊記」として知られ、それははじめての個人による（国 家事業ではないという意味）世界周遊に関する記録である。 Keywords: XVIth century Macau and Nagasaki – Relations between Nagasaki and Macau – Chris- tian Mission in Macau and Nagasaki – the Italian Model * Centro Científico e Cultural de Macau/Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia scholarship holder. 114 Elisabetta Colla Macau e Nagasaki no século XVI – Relações entre Nagasaki e Macau – Missão Cristã em Macau e Nagasaki – O “modelo italiano” 16世紀のマカオと長崎,長崎＝マカオ関係－イタリア人から見たマカオと長崎 のカトリック宣教師－ Preface Francesco Carletti left us a brief account of 16th century Nagasaki and Macau in his Codex 13311 where he provided a clear picture of the two cities, people, customs, architecture, food, dressing, habits, society, etc. Carletti reached Macau from Japan, where he remained between June 1597 and March 1598. The Florentine merchant left us a quite detailed description of the time of Toyotomy Hideyoshi and of the provinces of Wanli’s Reign (萬曆 1572-1620). Just a frame of the whole movie: Carletti circumnavigated the world by private means between 1591-1606, his account is also a global picture of the principal route and commercial entrepôt of the beginning of the age of discoveries. The Codex 1331 is a manuscript written around 1615 and is preserved in the Biblioteca Angelica in Rome. Since the original would have been in the form of a notebook and – as Francesco Carletti declared – it was lost, we guess that the Codex 1331 could also be a transcription of an oral transmis- sion. This work, commonly known as Ragionamenti del mio viaggio intorno al mondo,2 is divided into two Discourses (West and East Indies) and twelve 1 To date, we know that the original manuscript of the Chronicle has been lost lost. To the best of our knowledge, there is a corrupted printed (1701) and 4 manuscript versions. The Codex 1331 (T.3.22) preserved in the Biblioteca Angelica (Rome), is considered to be closer to the original version. I also believe the Codex 47, preserved in the Biblioteca Moreniana (Florence), would be trustworthy because there is an introductory note by Borgherini, son of Francesco Carletti’s cousin, and Manni, to whom this manuscript belonged, wrongly supposed him to be Antonio Carletti’s brother-in-law. Another manuscript is the so-called GINORI -VENTURI , a direct copy of the MORENIANO , and presents several transcriptions errors. The last manuscript is the MAG L IA B ECHIANO , which is the precise copy of the GINORI -VENTURI and corresponds to the Maga- lotti’s edition. Gemma Sgrilli assumed that the original Carletti’s version of the Chronicles was probably written between 1609/10-1615. (Sgrilli, 1905: 232-258; Colla, 2007). 2 Ragionamenti, i.e. a kind of discussion or dialogue between Francesco Carletti and a selected public from amongst the Florentine aristocracy. Many titles refers to the same work: Ragio- namenti di Francesco Carletti fiorentino sopra le cose da lui vedute ne’ suoi viaggi si dell’Indie Occidentali, e Orientali come d’altri paesi .Ragionamenti del mio viaggio intorno al mondo, Giro del mondo del buon negriero : Ragionamenti sopra le Cose vedute ne’viaggi dell’Indie occidentali e d’altri paesi 1594-1606. 16th century Japan and Macau described by Francesco Carletti 115 Chronicles (quoted in ascending order from 1 to 12).3 In the seventh Chron- icle Carletti narrated the voyage from the Philippine Islands to those of Japan and the account of Hideyoshi’s Second Invasion of Korea, (1597-1598). In the eighth Chronicle, Nel quale si racconta il viaggio fatto dal Giappone alla Cina, e delle cose di quel Regno, the author recounted the voyage made from Japan to China and about the things of that Kingdom ndt. and described a location that he identified as the island 4 Amacao (fl. 105v) or città del Nome di Dio (fl.105v). In the Atlas Sinicus 5 which he brought with him to Flor- 3 This chapter order of the Codex 1331 does not appear in most of the various transcriptions and translations, or in the first edition of 1701. 4 The question of whether Macau was an Island or a Peninsula or both is not clear but Carletti defines Macau as an Island. Barreto summarizes the categorization of Macau as an Island or Peninsula in his work, quoting various authors: Jean Baptiste Du Halde, Edmonds, among others. Ce Port don’t les Portugais sont en possession depuis plus d’un Siècle, est célébre par le grand Commerce qu’ils y faisoient, lorsqu’ils étoient les Maîtres d’une partie considerable des Indes. Ils y on tune Forteresse avec une très-petite Garnison, parce qu’ils ne sont pas en état d’y entretenir beaucoupe de troupes. La Ville est bâtie dans une petite Peninsule, où si l’on veut, dans une petite Isle, parce qu’elle est séparée de la terre par une Riviére, que le flux & le reflux grossit. Cette Langue de terre ne tient au reste de l’Isle que par une Gorge fort étroite où l’on a bâti une muraille de sépa- ration. Jean Baptiste Du Halde – Description Geographique, Historique, Chronologique Politique et Physique de L’Empire de la Chine, A La Haye: Chez Henri Scheurleer, 1736, vol. I, p. 241. Martino Martini S.J. speaks of Jacet haec civitas in exigua peninsula insulae majoris, a peninsula in a major island. Macau is described in the Guangdong Province (Quangtung) in the chapter about Quangcheu (Guangzhou), the territory of this metropolis has about 15 loca- tions, in which Macau is described apart.: Macaum haud dubie inter nobilissima totius Indiae emporia jam pridem est numeratum, de quo tacere hic fere praestat, quam nimis pauca dicere; quia tamen ab aliis haec fusius deducta sunt, brevibus, quae hi necessaria, perstringam. Jacet haec civitas in exigua peninsula insulae majoris, in ipso promontorio fortissimo ac viribus humanis bene inexpugnabili loco, undique mari cincta, si Borealem terrae quasi linguam excipias; mare circumcirca habet minime altum, unde navibus vix patet accessus, nisi per ipsum portum, ad quem egregium munimentum est: illud naves tantum non radere coguntur, cum portum ingredi volunt, ubi compluca praeclara atque insignia sunt maiora tormenta, nusquam enim plura aut meliora, quam hoc in loco conflari existimo […]. Ubi nun curbs est, olim idolum erat Ama dictum, e quia optima ibi navium station est, quam Sinae Gao dicunt, hinc Amacao ortum est nomen, cnm alias dicendum fuisset Amagao; hic itaque hactenus incultus locus ab Lusitanis excoli e habitari caeptus est, ipsis concedentibus Sinis, atque ultro annuentibus. [Macau has already been considered for a long time one of the most important markets of all India, of which I would rather be silent than say less about, but, since this was already described by others more diffusely, I would rather let slip what I consider necessary. The city is located on a small peninsula of the major island, on a promontory well defended and invincible, everywhere surrounded by sea, except a small strip of land in the north. All around, the sea is not very deep so that the ships could easily get near the port, where there is a big fortress, provided with a lot of powerful cannons, which the ship, when entering the port cannot avoid. I believe that in no other place there are cannons as such. […] Where now the city arises, once there was an idol, called Ama, and there was also a good berth for the ship, that Chinese people called Gao, from which the name Amacao is originated and that better should be said Amagao. ndt.]. Martino Martini – Opera Omnia, vol. III, tomo II, Trento: Universitá degli Studi di Trento, 2002, p. 134. 5 Atlas Sinicus sive regni sinarum descriptio geographica in ipso sinarum regno impressa charta et characterius sinicis, 2 volumes, preserved in the Biblioteca Nacional di Firenze, Mgb. Cl. XIII, 116 Elisabetta Colla Francesco Carletti – Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - Florence. Frontespice of the first edition (1701). 16th century Japan and Macau described by Francesco Carletti 117 ence this toponym was marked simply as xiangshan 香山, but he had already recognized it as the place of the idol Ama 娘妈 or as Amagao (Jin; Wu, 2007: 165) The description of the voyage from Japan to China and his journey to Macau also gives us relevant details about some tributary states of the Ming dynasty (Mingdai chaogong guo 明代朝贡国).6 1.