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Fauna a Flóra Jezera V Mnichovicích - Božkově Bohemia centralis, Praha, 17: 29 - 38,1988 Fauna a flóra Jezera v Mnichovicích - Božkově Fauna und Flora des Sees in Mnichovice - Božkov Petr ZÁRUBA Touto prací navazuji na článek Motýlí fauna Jezírka v Mnichovicích-Božkově /ZÁRUBA 1985/. Jména rostlin jsou podle DOSTÁLA /1958/, jména Lepidopter podle HRUBÉHO /1964/, jména ostatních živočichů podle WAGNERA /1977/. POPIS LOKALITY Od doby, kdy popsal PŘÍHODA /1982/ stav lokality, došlo k několika změnám jejího stavu. Například suchý palouk přiléhající k stromovému lemu je více než z poloviny zarostlý keři. Některé z rostlin uváděných KNÍŽETOVOU /1968/ vymizely /Nuphar luteum/ nebo se staly velmi vzácnými /Typha latifolia, Iris pseudacorus, Epipactis helleborine/. Následující popis lokality odpovídá jejímu stavu z roku 1985. Podmáčený stromový lem Pokrývá asi 50 % celkové rozlohy lokality /cca 0,8 ha/. Místy vystupuje na povrch skalní podklad /hrubozrnná říčanská žula/. Převládající dřevinou je Alnus glutinosa, v bylinném patru dominují druhy rodů Carex, Galium, Ranunculus; dále pak druhy Lysimachia vulgaris, Festuca gigantea, Urtica dioica. Tyto rostliny dominují vždy jen na části lokality, jinde jsou zastoupeny vzácně nebo vůbec ne. 29 Suchopárná louka Pokrývá asi 15 % celkové rozlohy /cca 0,2 ha/. Z velké části je zarostlá keři - převládá Prunus spinosa a zmlazující Alnus glutinosa. Z bylin dominuji různé druhy trav a Hypericum perforatum. Rákosiny Pokrývají asi 20 % celkové rozlohy /cca 0,3 ha/. Absolutně dominující a vlastně jedinou rostlinou zde je Phragmites communis. Přechod mezi rákosinou a olšinou tvoři keřovité vrby /zejména Salix auri-ta/. Pod těmito keři není téměř žádný bylinný ani mechový podrost. Volná vodní hladina Pokrývá asi 15 % celkové rozlohy /cca 0,2 ha/. Ve vodě dominuje Utricularia vulgaris, na hladině Lemna minor a Lemna trisulca. Tuto vodní plochu tvoří dvě navzájem spojené tůně s četnými záhyby. Nemají přítok ani odtok; jedná se pouze o srážkovou vodu. Při déletrvajicím suchu voda mizí a obnažuje se bahnité dno. Při velkých srážkách nebo tání voda zaplavuje části stromového lemu. Na mělkých místech vyrůstají trsy ostřic. Průměrná hloubka vody se pohybuje mezi 15 - 40 cm. Nadmořská výška lokality je 420 m n. m. V latinských textech je lokalita nazývána Lacus Bozkov. ČÁST SYSTEMATICKÁ Celkem bylo zjištěno 410 druhů živočichů a 169 druhů rostlin. Podrobně byl prostudován řád Lepidoptera /motýli/, kterých bylo nalezeno 269 druhů, z nichž některé jsou velmi vzácné. Ze zástupců čeledi Satyridae jsou zde hojné druhy Coenonympha pamphilus, Erebia medusa, Melanargia galathea a Maniola jurtina, vzácný je zde druh Coenonympha tullia. Z čeledi Nymphalidae se tu vyskytují hojné druhy jako Aglais urticae, Issoria lathonia, Nymphalis io, mezi nehojné a vzácné druhy patří Apatura iris, Apatura ilia, Fabriciana aglaia, Limenitis populi, Melitaea dictynna. Čeleď Pieridae zastupují hojně druhy Anthocharis cardamimes, Gonepteryx rhamni, Pieris napi, Pieris rapae a nehojně druhy Leptidea sinapis nebo Pieris brassicae. Z čeledi Hesperiidae se hojně vyskytují druhy Erynnis tages, Hesperia comma, Adopaea lineola, Adopaea Silvestris a Pyrgus malvae. Čeleď Lycaenidae je zastoupena hojnými druhy Polyommatus icarus, Celastrina argiolus, Lycae na phlaeas nebo Callophrys rubi, nehojně zde žijí druhy Thecla 30 Ekologická formace na lokalitě: 1 - suchopárný palouk;, 2 - keři zarůstající palouk, 3 - podmáčená olšina, 4 - keřovité vrby tvořící přechod mezi olšinou a rákosinou, 5 - společenstvo vysokých ostřic, 6 - volná vodní hladina, 7 - periodická tůňka, 8 - rákosina. 31 3. Dominující druhy na lokalitě: 1 - Prunus spinosa, 2 - Alnus glutinosa, 3 - Salix sp. /různé druhy/, 4 - ojedinělé exempláře Salix sp., 5 - Betula verrucosa, 6 - Sambucus nigra. 32 Dominující druhy bylin: 1 - Rubus sp., 2 - Urtica dioica, 3 - Phragmites communis, 4 - Carex sp., 5 - Hypericum perforatum, 6 - Comarum palustre, 7 - Festuca gigantea, 8 - Utricularia vulgaris a Lemna sp., 9 - Lysimachia vulgaris, 10 - Galium sp. 33 betulae, Thecla quercus, Plebejus argus. Mezi vzácnější druhy této čeledi patří Maculinea nausithous, Maculinea teleius nebo Lycaena hippothoe. Dále byly zjištěny druhy Eriocrania unimaculella a Dyseriocrania subpurpurella z čeledi Eriocraniidae; z čeledi Hepialidae Hepialus humuli a Phymatopus hecta, z čeledi Incurvariidae Adela cuprella, Adela degeerella, Incurvaria muscalella, Lamporinia luzella a jiné běžné druhy. Vzácně se zde vyskytuje druh Zeuzera pyrima z čeledi Cossidae. Čeleď Argyresthiidae je zastoupena druhy Argyreathia goedartella a A. pruniella. Čeleď Lithocolletidae je zastoupena hojnými i vzácnými druhy, avšak na lokalitě se vyskytuji všechny poměrně vzácně. Ze zjištěných druhů stoji za uvedení druhy Lithocolletis dubitella, L. froelichiella, L. kleemannella, L. mannii a L. spinolella. Z čeledi Elachistidae zde žijí druhy Elachista argentella, E. lugdunensis, E. nobitella a E. paludum. Čeleď Sessidae je zastoupena hojným druhem Ghamaesphecia empiformis a vzácnými druhy Aegeria formicaeformis a A. spheciformis. Velmi vzácným druhem, který žije na lokalitě, je Pancalia leeuwenhoekella z čeledi Sehreekensteiniidae. Z čeledi Alucitidae zde jsou například druhy Alucita pentadactyla, Merrifieldia tridactyla, Platyptilia gonodactyla nebo Vzácný Gillmeria pallidactyla. Z čeledi Acentropidae byl zjištěn druh Acentropus niveatus. Čeleď Zygaenidae zastupují druhy Procris pruni, P. statices, Zygaena angelicae, Z. carniolica, Z. filipendulae a Z. meliloti. Čeleď Gelechiidae je zde zastoupena hojnými druhy Adrasteia humeralis, A. fugitivella a vzácným druhem Brachmia rufescens. Druhově hojně je zastoupena čeleď Tortricidae. Zjištěny byly například druhy Endemis profundata, Acleris niveona, Archips sorbiana, Tortrix viridana, Zeiraphera isertata, Notocelia aquana, Clepsis helvolana, Epinotia tenerana, Hedya prumiata, Tortricodes tortricella, Pamene spiniana nebo Eulia ministrana. Vzácným druhem z čeledi Phycitidae je na lokalitě hojný druh Hypochalcia decorella. Čeleď Crambidae zastupují druhy Calamotropha paludella, Chilo phragmitellus, Donacaula forficella, D. mucronella, Schoenobius gigantellus, Crambus hortuellus, C. pratellus nebo C. perlellus. 34 Dalším vzácnějším druhem je Cataclysta lemnata z čeledi Pyrustidae, stejně jako Pyrausta aurata z téže čeledi. Další druhy jsou již hojnější, jako například Eurrhypara hortulata, Momophila noctuella, Nymphula nymphaeata, Pyrausta nigrata, P. purpuralis nebo Udea lutealis. Čeleď Notodontidae je zastoupena druhy Cloatera anastemosis, C. pogra a Notodonta phoebe i hojnými druhy Drymonia dodonea, Harpyia bieuspis, Phalera bucephala nebo Peridea anceps. Čeleď Sphingidae je reprezentována druhy Laothoe populi a Smerinthus ocel- latus. Z čeledí Tetheidae je zde hojný druh Thiatira batis a vzácný druh Tethea octogesimma. Na suchém palouku se hojně vyskytuji housenky druhu Ma-crothylacia rubi z čeledi Lasiocampidae. Další druhy této čeledi zde žijící jsou Poecilocampa populi a Philudora potatoria. čeleď Lymantriidae zaatupují hojné druhy Dasychira pudibunda, Leucema salicis, Lymantria dispar a Orgyia antiqua, vzácným druhem je Arctornis L-nigrum. Bohaté druhové zastoupení má čeleď Geometridae. Ze vzácných druhů zde žijí Epirhanthis paluerata, Lygris mellinata; z hojnějších například Alsophila aescularia, Asthena albulata, Boarmia ribeata, B. bistortata, B. roboraria, Brephos parthenias, Brephos notha, Colotois pennaria, Ematurga atomaria, Euchoecta albulata, Geometra papilionaria, Hydrelia flameolaria, Minoa murinata, Siona lineata, Operopthera fagata, O. brumata, Xanthorhoe montanata, X. ferrugata, Sterrha humiliata, S. rufaria nebo S. inquinata. Další druhově bohatě zastoupenou čeledi je čeleď Noctuidae. Vyskytují se zde vzácné druhy jako Apatele alni, A. cuspis, Mormo maura; déle hojnější druhy jako například Acontia luktuosa, Agrochola helvola, A. mecilenta, Amathes c-nigrum, Apatele psi, A. leporina, Amphipyra pyramidae, A. trago-pogonis, Apamea anceps, Autrographa confusa, Bona prasinana, Brachionycha nubeculosa, Catocala nupta, Naenia typica, Plusia chrysitis, Herminia bar-balis, Conistra rubiginosa, Colocasia coryli, Hadena nana, Lithophane ornitopus, Mamestra pisi, M. brassicae, Noctua comes nebo Panthera coenobica. Velmi hojné jsou druhy Noctua pronuba, Scoliopteryx libatrix, Scotia segetum, Orthosia gracilis, O. gothica, O. cruda, Hadena probos - cidalis, Cosmia pyralina, Callistege mi nebo Autographa gamma. Čeleď Endromididae je zastoupena druhem Endromis versi - colora. Řád Coleoptera podrobně zpracoval Jan TICHÝ, souhrn jeho nálezů uvádí PŘÍHODA /1982/. 35 Z třídy Insecta byly zjištěny ještě tyto druhy: Z řádu Hymenoptera byly nalezeny druhy Bombus lapidarius, B. terrestris, Formica rufa, Apis melli-fera, Paraveapula vulgaris, P. germanica, Vespa crabro, Cynips quercusfolii, Diplolepis rosae, Lasius niger, Rhyssa persuasoria a Torymus bedequaris. Řád Odonata je zastoupen druhy Agrion ornatum, A. puella, A. pulchellum, Aeschna grandis, A. cyanea, Pyrrhosoma nymphulla, Libellula depressa, Calopteryx virgo a další. Z řádu Dermaptera byl zjištěn vzácný druh Labidura riparia. Řád Mecoptera je zastoupen druhy Bittaces tipularius, Panorpa communis a P. alpina. Z řádu Diptera jsou zde hojně druhy Aedes vexans, Culex pipiens, Lasiopticus pinastri, L. selenicus, Pales lineata, Tipula maxima, T. oleracea nebo Rhagio scolopaceus; nehojně se zde vyskytují druhy Lipoptena cervi a Myiatropa florea. Řád Heteroptera zastupují druhy Gerris lacustris, Sigara falleni, S. nigrolineata, Ligus pabulinus, Hinacerus apterus, Coreus marginatus, Nepa cinerea,
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