Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldiş”, Seria Ştiinţele Vieţii Vol. 27 issue 1, 2017, pp 19-26 © 2017 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.studiauniversitatis.ro)

DATA ABOUT THE MACROLEPIDOPTERA FAUNA OF COUNTY ()

Cristina Stancă-Moise *“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, Sibiu, Romania

ABSTRACT: This paper is a synthesis of personal research data in the field, published data and also data from the entomological collections preserved at the Natural History Museum in Sibiu, about the Macro fauna in Sibiu County between 1897-2015. This material (394 species) is analyzed concerning the spread of species in our county, their type of habitat preferred by adults, the structure and dynamics of populations, frequency, altitude scale (between 400-2500 m), trophic base, respective host plants and flight period.

Keywords: Macrolepidoptera fauna, Sibiu County, Romania.

INTRODUCTION: (1984); Moise (2011f)], "Henrich Hann von The first data about Macro Lepidoptera in Sibiu Hannenheim" Entomological Collection, "Prof. Rolf County data also in Transsylvania were published by Weyrauch" Entomological Collection, "W. Weber" Dr. D. Czekelius [Czekelius (1897, 1917)] in Lepidoptera Collection [Popescu-Gorj (1970)]. “Verhandlungen und Mitteilungen des Personal research in the field were conducted in siebenbürgischen Vereins für Naturwissenschaften zu various natural habitats of Sibiu County, both in hilly, Hermannstadt” (Debates and Communications of the mountainous, subalpine and alpine zones, between Society of Natural Sciences from Sibiu). This 2001-2015, in 25 localities and also in 8 Natural Parks publication appeared regularly in 95 volumes without and Reservations and protected areas as: Alpine zone: interruption during the perriod 1849-1946 and Podragu, Suru, Arpa;u de Jos-Agrig, Cindrel-Jina, contained not only valuable data about Iezere Cindrel-Gura Râului, Bulea Valley-Cârțișoara, but also about other areas of Romania [Rákosy et all. Șuvara Sașilor-Tălmaciu, Zackel Hill-, etc. (2003), Székely (2014)]. In order to capture the nocturnal species were used Besides the publications, I also studied the light traps. The diurnal species but also the nocturnal entomological collections preserved at the Natural species with diurnal behavior of the families: Arctiidae, History Museum in Sibiu the oldest in our country Geometridae, were collected using the [Schneider (1996); Pascu & Schneider (1998); Moise entomological net. Researches and captures were (2011d); Antonie (2015); Stancă-Moise (2002, carried out between the months March to November 2015b)]. during the period of 2001-2015 in different types of Documentary and scientific values are quite habitat, from the grasslands around Sibiu, until the exceptional because these collections of Lepidoptera hilly and montainous zones: Cisnădie, Gușterița, illustrate the biogeographic character of Transylvania Cisnădioara, Păltiniș, Râu Sadului, Măgura Cisnădiei, in general and some of its lands in particular. Rare and , Bulea See, Turnu Roșu, Măgura Boiței, endemic species have been reported over the years Valea Ștezii, Valea Aurie, Șura Mică, Valea Sadului, [Rákosy (2002); Bucșa&Tăuşan (2011); Török & Dealul Obrejii, Sibiu Vineyard, Sibiel being reported Cuzepan (2013)] in different zones of Sibiu County. over 83 Lepidoptera species [Stancă-Moise (2014); The studies in the fields were conducted by myself Stancă-Moise (2015c); Stancă-Moise (2016b)]. in the Sibiu County’s natural regions that are divided in In the Forest "Dumbrava Sibiului" were a reported three main types of relief after their altitude: mountains 243 species of Macro Lepidoptera [Ciochia&Stancă- belonging South Carpathians (25%), plains and hills of Moise (2002); Stancă-Moise (2003 b,c; 2004; 2005 the Târnava Plateau (over 50%) and depression (over a,b,c,d,e,f; 2006 a,b; 2007 a,b; 2015 a,b,d; 2016 a,c 20%). All these areas have been extensively researched Moise (2011a,b,g; 2014); Moise&Sand (2012)], some over the years concerning flora [Schneider-Binder of the data were taken from the collections of other (1971), Drăgulescu (2003)] and fauna since 19 century. authors in the Mediaș zone [Török (2010)]. They were also investigated the forests from the MATERIALS AND METHODS: basins of the main rivers in Sibiu County as: oakery, It was very important to consult the published carpino-beech forests, beech, forests, beech-fir papers and also to study the entomological collections forests, beech-spruce forests and alder trees forests: preserved at the Natural History Museum in Sibiu, , Târnava Mare, Sebeș, Secaș, , Porumbacul, about Macro Lepidoptera: "Dr. Daniel Czekelius" Lotrioara, Rozdești, Dobra, tributary rivers. Lepidoptera Collection from Transylvania [Moise They were studied also the bushes associations and (2011c)], "Dr. Eugen Worell" Entomological wood sides in Dumbrava and Sibiel (Red Bârca). Collection [Moise (2011e)], "Dr. Victor Weindel" Particular attention was paid to knowledge the Transylvanian Lepidoptera Collection [Schneider Macro Lepidoptera in the Natural Protected Areas of

Correspondence*: Cristina Moise, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, 5-7 Ion Ratiu, 550371 Sibiu, Romania, phone: 0040269234111, fax: 0040269234111, e-mail: [email protected]

Stancă-Moise C.

Sibiu County: Făgăraș, Mountains Alpine zone, Anthoxantho-Agrostietum-capillaris, Poa-Triseteum Podragu and Suru, "Arpașul de Jos-", Natural flavescentis. Park "Cindrel-Jina", Natural Park "Dumbrava The grasslands are the most significantly altered by Sibiului", "Iezărele Cindrelului-Gura Râului, Cârţiţoara human activities. They repeated tampered by Valley, "Șuvara Sașilor-Tălmaciu", Zackel Hill - harvesting the above ground vegetative parts (hay) or Slimnic. introducing grazing by Cisnădie, Cisnădioara, They are mentioned the papers of other authors Sadu, Rășinari, Poiana, Tilișca, Jina, Rod. The richness who studied also the Macro Lepidoptera fauna in Sibiu of flora grasslands ensures the saturated niches. Grassy County as: [Czekelius (1897,1906,1917,1922); Vángel carpet of meadows has in its structure perennial (1905); Rebel (1908); Csiki (1909); Worell (1951); hemicriptophytes plants that assure a complex Niculescu (1961); Popescu-Gorj (1964); Schneider structure. The fauna of this ecosystem is complex (1971,1984,2003); König (1975); Ciochia&Barbu invertebrates prevail. The highest number we have (1980); Burnaz (1993); Rákosy (1995); Stănescu and their larvae [Rákosy (1996)]. (1995); Székely (2004, 2008); Stancă-Moise About altitude, mesophilic meadows are distributed (2004,2006,2011a,b); Moise&Sand (2012); Moise between 450-600m. The mesophilic meadows were (2012); Török (2010), Török&Cuzepan (2013,2014)]. investigated in the southern of the County, at the contact of the depression and Cibin Mountains and RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: hilly part of the region lying between Bungard, Mohu are integrated into different types of and Veștem, and Cristian hills. In this type of ecosystems. Some species, with high ecological grassland, secondary installed after deforestation of valence are spread over the lowlands, hills and at the forest lands (beech, hornbeam-beech forests) were altitudes of over 2,000 m. They can exist in several identified 132 Macro Lepidoptera species characteristic types of biocenosis. Other species may exist in many of this type of habitat. The species common in the hilly ecosystems but prefer certain habitat characteristic of a grasslands are mesophilic: Camptogramma bilineatum, particular ecosystem, linked to larval host plants but Pseudopantehera macularia, Siona lineata, Ematurga also to local climatic conditions [Niculescu atomnaria, Polypogon tentacularia, Phytomera (1961,1963,1965)]. Even the rocks subalpine-alpine viridata, Euclidia glyphica, Acronicta rumicis, habitats could be favorable places for butterflies in case Diacrisia sannio, Hoplodrina blanda, Autographa they can find the plant associations in connection with gamma, Erynni tages, Pyrgus malvae, Melanargia their larva’s food. galathea, Coenonympha arcania, Coenonympha Subalpine meadows and alpine-rich flowering pamphilus, Polyommatus icarus, Melithaea athalia, plants that correspond to the maximum period of their Leptidea sinapis, Pontia daplidice, Colias croceus, development of adults are favorite places for species of Colias hyale. the genus . Dense forests, mostly spruce forests are hospitable Mesophilic mountain meadows (600-1800 m) to butterflies, but meadows, clearings and forest sides, In the mountain level (600-1800 m) zonal woody are the preferred habitat for many species of vegetation is represented by beech forests, mixed Lepidoptera. Marshes, peat-bogs and vegetation around forests and coniferous forests that belong to stagnant waters are the optimal living environments for associations Symphyto cordato-Fagetum, Hieracio hydrophilic and mezohidrophile species. Xeric transsilvanici-Luzulo-Fagetum, Festuco drymeiae- habitats, especially in rocky limestone areas are Fagetum, Pulmonario rubro-Abieti-Fagetum, favorite habitats for many species xerothermophilous Chysanthemo rotundifolio-Piceo-Fagetum, Hieracio and thermophilic species [Niculescu&König (1970)]. transsilvanicae-Piccetum, Oxalo-Piceetum, mai rar The great diversity of dicotyledonous on grass hill and Sphagno-Piceetum. mountain meadows that characterize the Sibiu County Bushes integrate in associations: Coryletum offer favorable conditions, especially food for larva’s avellanae, Spireetum ulmifoliae, Senescio fuchsii- and adults of Macro Lepidoptera species. An Sambucetum racemosi, Campanulo abietinae- environment with rich species diversity is the main Vaccinietum myrtilli and Rubo-Epilobietum, and the source of food for most diurnal . meadows have the associations: In general, the local occurrence of Macro AnthoxanthoAgrostietum tenuis and Campanulo Lepidoptera species is conditioned not only by larval abietinae-Festucerum rubrae, Nardo-Festuceu rubrae, host plants, but also by the local climate Calamagrosietum arudinaceae. (microclimate), the vegetation structure, especially Hayfields and pastures with their wild flowers offer vegetal groups of plants rich in nectar, as nutrition for a real summer colorful performance. Grasslands are adults. rich in various species of plants, many of them missing The study of Macro Lepidoptera in Sibiu County in Central Europe [Karsholt&Razowski (1996)] was achieved in the natural ecosystems, units carpeted with colorful flowers, just haystacks mowed, distributed on different altitudes in mountains zones humming bees and butterflies: Scopula immorata, and river valleys as following: idaea biselata, Idaea emarginata, Scotopteryx chepodiata, Xanthoroe fluctuate, Perizoma minoratum, Mesophilic hilly meadows (450-600 m) Minoa murinata, Hemaris fuciformis, Parasemia They are edified by associations belonging plantaginis carpathica, Dyachrysia chryson, Paradrina phytocenosis Festuco-Rubrae-Agrostietum capillaris, clavipalpis, Photedes captiuncula, hada nana, Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldiş”, Seria Ştiinţele Vieţii 20 Vol. 27 issue 1, 2017, pp 19-26 © 2017 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.studiauniversitatis.ro)

Data about the macrolepidoptera fauna of Sibiu County (Romania)

Cerapteryx gramminis, Neuronia decimalis, Lasionycta Hilly rocky-mountain proxima, Aletia conigera, Actebia praecox, Noctua The hills level between 400-600 m alt., lies on high pronuba. Floristic variation of mountain meadows hills and hills of Târnava Plateau (Hârtibaciu Valley), causes a great diversity of species of diurnal Vurpăr and Peak, Hill Gusterița on the tableland Lepidoptera. The most common species of diurnal between Hârtibaciu and Târnava Mare and they are macrolepidoptere, found mainly on flowers covered by oak forests (Quercus petraea) and Leucanthemum vulgare, Thymus comosus, Aster hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), and at the higher altitude amellus, Dianthus carthusianorum, Hieracium by beech forests (Fagus silvatica) and hornbeam. pilosella, Galium verum are the following species: These forests alternate with secondary mexofile Erynnis tages, Colias croceus, Colias hyale, Pieris meadows and xero-mesophilic. Along the Târnava napi, Pieris rapae, Boloria dia dia, Boloria Valleys, Secaşe and Porumbacu Valleys, euphrosyne, Boloria selene, Melanargia galathea, intermountanous, on the shady rocks in the Cindrel Erebia aethiops aethiops, Coenonympha arcania, Mountains prevails the association: Asplenio Coenonympha glycerion, Argynnis niobe, Issoria trichomani-Peetum nemoralis veronicetosum lathonia, Erebia euryale syrmia, Polyommatus icarus. bachofenii [Drăgulescu (2003)]. Besides the main Mesophilic subalpine meadows (1700-2000 m) species: , Asplenium trichomanes, These types of subalpine meadows are located in Veronica bachofenii in this association is also: the floor of (1700-2000 m), where cuneifolia, Galium kitaibelianum, they occupy large areas, on table lands and slopping maximum, Digitalis grandiflora, Epilobium collinum, hillsides, of the place of spruce fir forests and junipers. Silene dubia, Melica ciliata, Alyssum murale, Secondary meadows are enlightened mainly by Hieracium pavichii, Teucrium chamaedrys, Thymus association Viola declinatae-Nardetum. Floristic comosus, Campanula carpatica, Hypericum composition of these grasslands includes species perforatum, that are in food relationship with larvas characteristic mesophilic: Nardus stricta, Viola and adults of Macrolepidoptera. In this level have been nigrescens, Potentilla erecta, Hypericum maculatum, identified species: Scopula nigropunctata, Scopula Arnica montana, Agrotis rupestris, Anthoxanthum marginepunctata, Scopula ruginata, Chlorissa odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, . On cloraria, Thalera fimbrialis, Idaea ochrata, Idaea the North-Eastern slopes, instead cleared junipers were trigeminata, Scotopteryx moeniata, Anticlea budiata, installed subalpine meadows in association Scorzonero Nebula salicata, Nebula tophaceata, Euphyia roseae-Festucetum migricantis. Floristic species of scripturata, Perconia strigillaria, Hyles lineata these grasslands are composed of July-August of: livornica, Eilema lurideolum, Arctia villica, Campanula patula, Potentilla chrysocraspeda, Phragmatobia caesarea, Dysauxes ancilla, Cryphia Ranunculus montanus, Phleum alpinum, Geum fraudatricula, Hoplodrina superstes, montanum, Hieracium sp. In subalpine meadows of lithoxilea, Hadena luteago. Cindrel Mountains they were identified in total 27 On the sunny slopes of the hills, on can meet many species. In the mesophilic subalpine meadows are diurnal Macro Lepidoptera species visiting various characteristic: Apamea rubrirena, Erebia Euryale flowers of dicotyledonous herbaceous plants, of which syrmia, Erebia manto trajanus, Erebia gorge the most common are: Plebeius argygonomon, fredericikoenigi [Rákosy (1997)], and Erebia pandrose Polyommatus coridon, Polyommatus daphnis, roberti, Erebia epihron transsylvanica, related to the Scoliantides orion lariana, Polyommatus bellargus, larval stage of various species of grass. Other species Poliomatusicarus, Melitaea aurelia, Melitaea collected in this type of ecosystems surrounding britomartis, Melitaea athalia, erebia aethiops aethiops, grasslands (alpine shrubs, rocky places and spruce fir Erebia phaeas, Argynis aglaja, Issoria lathonia, edges) are: Scotopteryx chenopodia, Hana nana, Melanargia galathea. Rare and low effective Leucania comma, Noctua fimbriata, speciosa, population in this habitat is: Ochropleura musiva, Papestra biren and Gnophos obfuscatus. Zerynthia polyxena and Coscinia cribraria pannonica.

Subalpine mezo-xerophils meadows (1700-1950 m) Subalpine rocky In the subalpine meadows, the associations of Alpine or subalpine levels with bushes from Bulea Potentillo chrysocraspedae-Festucetum airoidis See are found between 1800-2000 m (2200 m), reduced occupies the reduced surfaces on the sunny consisting of the thickets of zonal phytocenosis area slopes, less inclined, of Cindrel at the altitudes between with bilberry-rhododendron (Rhododendro- of 1700-1950 m. Floristic composition of these Vaccinietum), juniper with cranberry (Vaccinio meadows is dominated by the presence of species myrtillo-Pinetum mugi), juniper and blueberry Potentillo chrysocraspedae-Festucetum airoidis. (Vaccinio-Juniperetum nanae) or juniper tree with Floristic composition of these meadows is dominated swindle (Junipero-Brukenthalietum) blueberry by the presence of species Potentilla aurea, Festuca shepherd (Cetrario-Vaccinietum gaultherioidis), airoides, Agrostis rupenstris. In these meadows have mountain azalea (Loiseleurietum procumbentis) and been identified 14 Macro Lepidoptera species. meadows grass (Potentillo-Festucetum sudeticae), the Characteristics are: Lycaena tityrus subalpina, Hyppa spiky (Nardetum strictae). In these habitats have been rectilinea, Leucania comma, Papestra biren, Altetia reported the following species: Lasiocampa quercus, impura, Mnyotipe adusta, Syngrapha interrogationis. Scopula ternata, Idaea ochrata, Scotopteryx luridata, Xanthorhoe montanata, flavicinctata, Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldiş”, Seria Ştiinţele Vieţii Vol. 27 issue 1, 2017, pp 19-26 21 © 2017 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.studiauniversitatis.ro)

Stancă-Moise C.

Entephria caesiata, Eulithis populata, Chloroclysta connected in the larval and adult stage with the Macro truncata, Hydriomena furctata, Venusia cambrica, Lepidoptera species. In the mixed forest species have Alcis repandata, Macroglossum stellatarum, been identified 113 Macro Lepidoptera species, most Parasemia plataginis carpathica, Gonopteryx rhamni, of them are: Arctornis l-nigrum, Biston betularius, Nymphalis polychloros, Aglais urticae, Polygonia c- Calospylos sylvatus, Campaea margaritata, Phalera album, Araschnia levana, Argynnis daphne, Argynnis bucephala, Alsophila aescularia, Stauropus fagi, lathonia and Lycaena phlaeas. Phlogophora sita, nubeculosa, polypogon tentacularia, Abrostola tripartita, Hilly upland deciduous forests Amphipyra pyramidea, Amphipyra tragopoginis, The piedmont units, towards to Făgăraș and Cindrel Trachea atriplicis, Conistra vaccinii, Conistra Mountains are covered with oak forests (Quercus rubiginea. Besides these they were collected also petraea) and secondary meadows Agrotis tenuis, characteristic species for fir and spruce-fir trees: Festuca rupicola and cultures. In an exceptionally way Hylaea fasciaria, Alcis jubatus, Odontopera bidentata, the beech forests could descend also in this level Polia hepatica, Eurois occulata, Diarsia brunnea, (Fagus silvatica), especially on the northern slopes of Diarsia mendica, Cosmotriche lunigera, Dendrolimus the Fagaraș and Cindrel Mountains, where their lower pini montana, Thera variata, Panolis flammea, limit reaches 400-500 m in the Tălmaciu locality. Eupithecia abietaria and Lymantria monacha. Beech forests are present in all units in the Sibiu County at the altitudes between 500-1050 m. Coniferous forests Throughout the mountain valleys, beech forests are at Spruce forests have a large extension in Cindrel and the altitudes of 1450 to 1500 m. Besides the Făgăraș Mountains, and all slopes from the superior characteristic species Symphito cordatum și Dentaria mountain level, at the altitude between 1200-1750 m. glandulosa [(Drăgulescu (2003)], the floristic The spruce forests at the limit by contact with junipers composition of the association comprises a series of at subalpine meadows are characterized by Carpathian-Balkan species as: Festuca drymeia, Brukenthalio-Piceetum. In the composition of these Pulmonaria rubra, Ranunculus carpaticus etc. Bushes phytocenosis with multiple eco-protective functions of the association are: Corylus avellana, Euonymus are: Brukenthalia spiculifolia și Picea abies. In the verrucosa, Crataegus monogina, și shrub layer are found the species: Pinus mugo, Daphne mesereum. In this area they have been Juniperus sibrica, , Vaccinium identified 51 species and the characteristic are the vitis-idaea, Betula pendula. At lower altitudes 1600- species in connection with: and other 1250 m, revealing associations are: Hieracio rotundali- related species of Fagaceae, Rhamnaceae, Acereceae Piceetum and Leucanthemo waldsteinii-Piceetum as: tau, Epirrita autumnata, Operophera [(Drăgulescu (2003)]. In these cenosis besides the brummata, Ennomos autumnarius, Colotois pennaria, dominant species: Picea abies and Hieracium Campaea margitata, Phalera bucephala, Stauropus rotundatum are also some montanous species as: fagi, Elkeria pudibunda, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Leucanthemum waldsteinii, Homogyne alpina, Pseudoips fagana, Colocasia coryli, Craniopora Campanula abietina, Pulmonaria rubra etc. The shrub ligustri, Acronicta aceris, Pyramidcampa pyramidea, level of coenoses include: Vaccinium myrtillus and Litophane ornitopus, Mesogona acetosellae, Cosmia Sorbus aucuparia. affinis, Cosmia trapezina, Xanthia icterita, In these vegetable formations have been identified Brachionycha nubeculosa, Pontia nebulosa etc. 43 Macro Lepidoptera species. In the spruce-fir trees Frequently are species: Stauropus fagi, Aglia tau, forests are the species: Cosmotriche lunigera, Thera Calcasia coryli, Eupsilia tranversa, Epirrita variata, Cosmotriche lunigera,Thera strangulata, thera autumnata and Litophane ornithopus. obeliscata, semiothisa liturata, semiothisa signaria, peribatodes secundaria secundaria, Eupithecia Mixed forests (beech-fir and beech-spruce forests) abietaria, Hylaea fasciaria, Puengeleria capreolaria, Beech forests are mixed with resins forests and Panthea coenobita, Lymantria monacha, Apamea have a greater extension at altitudes between 900-1050 rubrirena, Xestia speciosa, Apamea monoglypha, m. They are the associations of Pulmonario rubrae- Diarsia brunnea, Diarsia mendica and Anaplectoides Abieti-Fagetum and Leucanthemo waldstenii-Piceo- prasina. Fagetum [(Drăgulescu (2003)]. The layer of beech-fir trees includes besides the main species: Abies alba and Alpine shrubs Fagus silvatica, also the isolated trees of Picea abies, Alpine level is spread between 2000-2535 m, in the Acer pseudoplatanus, Ulmus glabra, Fraxinus Făgăraș, Cindrel Mountains, Șteflești Peak, Bulea See excelsior, Sorbus aucuparia. and it is covered to a large extent by, grassy area The shrub layer poorly developed species include cenosis within the associations: Primulo-minimae- species: Coryllus avellana, , Caricetum-curvulae, Potentillo ternate-Festucetum idaeus, Sambucus racemosa, Sambucus nigra etc. The sudeticae, Agrostietum rupestris. Woody vegetation is herbs layer is composed by species: Pulmonaria rubra, represented only by small patches of undergrowth Cardamine glanduligera, Symphytum cordatum, Oxalis plants: Salicetum herbaceae, Anemono narcissiflorae- acetosella, Galium odoratum, Anemone nemorosa, Salicetum retusae, Salicetum retisae-reticulatae and sylvatica, Salvia glutinosa, Epilobium groups of rhododendron (Rhododendro-Vaccinietum). montanum, Geranium robertianum, which are The phytocoenosis of juniper shrubs forms groups Studia Universitatis “Vasile Goldiş”, Seria Ştiinţele Vieţii 22 Vol. 27 issue 1, 2017, pp 19-26 © 2017 Vasile Goldis University Press (www.studiauniversitatis.ro)

Data about the macrolepidoptera fauna of Sibiu County (Romania) more or less compact in the Cindrel Mountains. The species, bat also in a source of nectar from flowers of junipers are distinguished by the presence of plants. characteristic species: Rhododendron myrtifolium Many butterflies living in this area that prefer these beside some Carpathian-Balkan elements: Brukenthalia environments have the particularity to feed on aphid spiculifolia and Campanula abietina. Bushes level of sweet liquid with tree sap, fruits or fermented organic association also includes the species: Sorbus aucuparia matter from the excrements and dead bodies. Here they and Juniperus sibrica. By deforestation of junipers on have host plants for their larva’s as trees, or herbaceous some sides of the mountains, were installed the plants monocots and dicots [Koch (1991)]. Some subalpine phytocenosis of Rhododendron at altitudes species characteristic to forests, such: Thecla betulae, between 1750-2000 m. In their composition are, beside Satyrium w-album, feed with leaves of plants. The Rhododendron also the blueberry bushes: Vaccinium larva’s of other species Gonopteryx rhamni rhamni, gaultheroides, Vaccinium myrtillus. In Some place Satyrium pruni, are attracted to the woody plants, develops Juniperus simbrica and Anus viridis. In the especially to shrubs and the adults visit the flowers in subalpine bushes have been identified 26 species of the clearings, glades meadows and adequate shelters Macro Lepidoptera. These habitats house the for winter, in various stages of their biological cycle. butterflies community with some characteristic sub- By addition the personal results with the data published alpine species: Thera variata, Erebia pandrose roberti, over time by other specialists, on mention the presence Apamea maillardi carpatobrunnea, Erebia euryale of 394 Macro Lepidoptera species into the natural syrmia, Scopula ternata, Xestia speciosa, Lasiocampa habitats in the Sibiu County. The total of 394 species quercus f. alpina, biside the characteristic species for has been identified in 10 types of ecosystems at ecosystem at the limit to subalpine shrubs (mesophilic different altitude, hilly, mountainous regions, subalpine meadows, spruce-fir edge, rocky zone): subalpine-alpine of Sibiu County. Beside the common Hydriomena impluviata, Xanthorhoe montanata, species, ubiquists, in the mountainous regions and in Rhemaptera hastata, Eupithecia tenuiata, Aplocera the plateaus or in the rivers valleys are present some plagiata, Cleorodes lichenarius, Peribatodes rare species reported for Romanian fauna. Some secundaria, Puengelaria capreolaria, Elopos vittarius special interest species Lycaena dispar, Maculinea mendicarius, Parasemia plantaginis carpathica, Polia arion, Euphydryas aurita aurita, were reported in trichoma, Diarsia mendica, Diarsia brunnea, Eurois Cindrel Mountains [Worell (1951)]. occultus, Hypena proboscidalis, Anaplectoides The Macro Lepidoptera populations are not stable prasina, Erebia epiphron transsylvanica, but also the in short periods of time. The populations vary from euribiont species: Agrotis exclamationis, Cuculia year to year and these changes are determined by umbratica, Agrotis ipsilon, Inachis io, Pieris rapae, natural factors (climate change, migration of species) Pieris napi, Aglais urticae, Macrogossum stellatarum. and also by anthropogenic factors due to changes In July and August are very common species: Erebia caused by human activities in the forestry, agriculture euryale syrmia, Erebia epiphron transsylvanica, but also by urbanization and pollution. Erebia pandrose roberti whose adults were visiting the cranberry and rhododendron flowers. REFERENCES: Antonie I, The Cursulionidae (Coleoptera) in the CONCLUSIONS: Entomological Collections of the Natural The analysis of Macro Lepidoptera for the fidelity History Museum of Sibiu. 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