DOCSLIB.ORG

Arthropods and Fire

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arthropods and Fire University of Wollongong Thesis Collections University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Year Arthropods and fire: studies in a southeast Australian heathland Patrick M. Tap University of Wollongong Tap, Patrick M, Arthropods and fire: studies in a southeast Australian heath- land, PhD thesis, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, 1996. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/268 This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/268 145 References Abbott. I. (1984) Changes in the abundance and activity ofcertain soil and litter fauna in the jarrah forest of Western Australia after a moderate intensity fire. Australian Journal of Soil Research 22: 463-469. Abbott, 1., van Heurck, P. & Wong, L. (1985) Responses to long-term fire exclusion: physical, chemical and faunal features of litter and soil in a Western Australian forest. Australian Forestry 47: 237-242. Abensperg-Traun, M. & Milewski, A. V. (1995) Abundance and diversity of termites (Isoptera) in unburnt versus burnt vegetation at the Barrens in Mediterranean Western Australia Australian Journal ofEcology 20: 413-417. Ahlgren, 1. F. (1974) The effect of fire on soil organisms. In Fire and Ecosystems, ed. Kozlowski T. T. & Ahlgren C. W.• pp. 47-72. New York: Academic Press. Andersen, A. N. (1983) An introduction to ants. Victorian Naturalist 100: 188-195. Andersen, A. N. (1984) Community organization ofants in the Victorian malIee. Victorian Naturalist lOt: 248-251. Andersen, A. N. (1988) Immediate and longer-term effects offire on seed predation by ants in sclerophyllous vegetation in south-eastem Australia Australian Journal ofEcology 13: 285-293. Andersen, A. N. (1991a) Responses of ground foraging ant communities to three experimental fire regimes in a savanna forest of tropical Australia Biotropica 23: 575­ 585. Andersen, A. N. (1991b) Sampling communities of ground-foraging ants: pitfall catches compared with quadrat counts in an Australian tropical savanna Australian Journal of Ecology 16: 273-279. Andersen, A. N. (1992) Regulation of "momentary" diversity by dominant species in exceptionally rich ant communities of the Australian seasonal tropics. American Naturalist 140: 401- 420. Andersen, A. N. & Yen, A. L. (1985) Immediate effects of fire on ants in the semi-arid mallee region ofnorth-westem Victoria. Australian Journal ofEcology 10: 25- 30. Anderson, R. C., Leahy, T. & Dhillion, S. S. (1989) Numbers and biomass ofselected groups on burned and unburned sand prairie. American Midland Naturalist 122: 151-162. Anon (1974) Kangaroo Valley - NSW Topographic Map No.9028-IV-S. Bathurst: Central Mapping Authority ofNew South Wales. Anon (1992) Visitor guide - Barren Grounds Nature Reserve. Nowra: National Parks & Wildlife Service ofNew South Wales. Athias-Binche, F. (1987) Modaiites de la cicatrisation des ecosystems Mediterraneens apres incendie: cas de certains Arthropodes du sol 3.les Acariens Uropodides (Regeneration pattern of Mediterranean ecosystems after fire: the case of some soil arthropods 3. Uropodid mites). Vie Milieu 37: 39-52. 146 Barnard, P. E. (1987) Foraging site selection by three raptors in relation to grassland burning in a montane habitat. AfricanJournal ofEcology 25: 35-45. Barnes R. D. (1980) Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia: Holt-Saunders. Barratt, T. (1986) BudderooNational Park and Barren GroundsNature Reserve Draft Fire ManagementPlan. Nowra: National Parks & Wildlife Service of New South Wales. Bayfield, N. G. (1979a) Recovery of four montane heath communities on Cairngorm, Scotland, from disturbance by trampling. BiologicalConservation 15: 165-179. Bayfield, N. (1979b) Some effects of trampling on Molophilus ater (Meigen) (Diptera, Tipulidae). BiologicalConservation 16: 219-228. Beckwith, R C. & Werner, R A. (1979) Effects of fire on arthropod distribution. In EcologicalEffects ofthe Wickersham Dome FireNear Fairbanks, Alaska, ed. Viereck L. A. & C. T. Dymess C. T., pp. 53-55. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-90. Beirne, B. P. (1955) Collecting, Preparing and Preserving Insects. Canada Department of Agriculture. Beley, J. R, Ditsworth, T. M., Butt, S. M. & Johnson, C. D. (1982) Arthropods, plants and transmission lines in Arizona: community dynamics during secondary succession in a pinyon-juniper chaparral habitat. Southwestern Naturalist 27: 325- 333. Benzie, J. A. H. (1986) The distribution, abundance, and the effects of fire on mound building termites (Trtnervttermes and Cubitermes spp., Isoptera: Termitidae) in northern guinea savanna West Africa Oecologia 70: 559-567. Bissell, T. L. (1939) Winter quarters of the Spotted Cucumber Beetle and the Cowpea Curculio, and results ofburning. Journal of EconomicEntomology 32: 546-553. Bock, C. E. & Bock, J. H. (1991) Response of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to wildfire in a southeastern Arizona grassland. AmericanMidland Naturalist 125: 162-167. Bowles, J. M. & Maun M. A. (1982) A study of the effects of trampling on the vegetation ofLake Huron sand dunes at Pinery Provincial Park. BiologicalConservation 24: 273­ 283. Brian, M. V., Mountford M. D., Abbott A. & Vincent S. (1976) The changes in ant species distribution during ten years post-fire regeneration ofa heath. Journal ofAnimal Ecology 45: 115-133. Buffington, J. D. (1967) Soil arthropod populations of the New Jersey Pine Barrens as affected by fire. Annals ofthe Entomological Societyof America 60: 530-535. Bulan, C. A. & Barrett, G. W. (1971) The effects of acute stresses on the arthropod component ofan experimental grassland ecosystem. Ecology 52: 597-605. Bultman, T. L. & Uetz G. W. (1982) Abundance and community structure offorest floor spiders following litter manipulation. Oecologia 55: 34-41. 147 Burrough, P. A, Brown, L. & Morris, E. C. (1977) Variations in vegetation and soil pattern across the Hawkesbury Sandstone plateau from Barren Grounds to Fitzroy Falls, New South Wales. Australian Journal ofEcology 2: 137-159. Butt, S. M., Beley, J. R, Ditsworth, T. M., Johnson, C. D. & Balda R P. (1980) Arthropods, plants and transmission lines in Arizona: community dynamics during secondary succession in a desert grassland. Journal ofEnvironmental Management 11: 267-284. Campbell, A J. & Tanton, M. T. (1981) Effects of fire on the invertebrate fauna of soil and litter ofa eucalypt forest. In Fire and the Australian Biota, ed. Gill A M., Groves R H. & Noble I. R, pp.215-241. Canberra: Australian Academy ofScience. Campbell, K. G. (1961) The effects of forest fires on three species of stick insects (Phasmatidae: Phasmatodea) occurring in plagues in forest areas of south-eastern Australia Proceedings ofthe Linnean Society ofNew South Wales 86: 112-121. Cancelado, R & Yonke, T. R (1970) Effect of prairie burning on insect populations. Journal ofthe Kansas Entomological Society 43: 274-281. Carpenter, J. R (1939) Fluctuations in biotic communities V. Aspection in a mixed-grass prairie in central Oklahoma Amertcan MidiandNaturaltst 22: 420- 435. Chamrad, AD. & Dodd, J. D. (1972) Prescribed burning and grazing for prairie chicken habitat manipulation in the Texas coastal prairie. Proceedings ofthe Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference 12: 257-276. Chappell, H. G., Ainsworth, J. F., Cameron, R A D. & Redfern, M. (1971) The effect of trampling on a chalk grassland ecosystem. Journal ofAppliedEcology 8: 869-882. Christiansen, T. A, Lockwood, J. A. & Powell, J. (1989) Arthropod community dynamics in undisturbed and intensively managed mountain brush habitats. Great Basin Naturalist 49: 570-586. Cochran, W. G. & Cox, G. M. (1957) Experimental Designs. New York: John Wiley. Collett, N. G., Neumann, F. G. & Tolhurst, K. G. (1993) Effects of two short rotation prescribed fires in spring on surface-active arthropods and earthworms in dry sc1erophyll eucalypt forest ofwest-central Victoria. Australian Forestry 56: 49-60. Crawford, A K. & Liddle M. J. (1977) The effect of trampling on neutral grassland. Biological Conservation 12: 135-142. Darlong, V. T. & Alfred, J. R .B. (1982) Differences in arthropod population structure in soils offorest and Jhum sites ofNorth-East India. Pedobiologia 23: 112-119. de Booysen, V. P. & Tainton N. M. (eds.) (1984) Ecological Effects ofFire in South African Ecosystems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, de Izarra, D. C. (1977) The effects of burning on soil mieroarthropods in the semi-arid pampa zone. In Soil Organisms as Components ofEcosystems, ed. Lohm, U. & T, Persson, T., Ecological Bulletin 25: 357-365. 148 Del-Nevo, A. & Ewins, P. J. (1983) Birds feeding on fire-driven insects. Bombay Natural Htstory Society Joumal 80: 413-414. Delage-Darchen, B. (1971) Contribution a l'etude ecologique d'une savane de Cote D'Ivoire (Lamto): Les founnis des strates herbacee et arboree. BiologiaGabonica 7: 461-496. Dempster, J.P. (1963) The population dynamics of grasshoppers and locusts. Biological Reviews 38: 490-529. Dindal, D. L. & Metz, L. J. (1977) Community structure of Collembola affected by fire frequency. In The Role of Arthropods in Forest Ecosystems - 1976 International Congress ofEntomology, ed. Mattson W. J. et 01., pp.88-95. New York: Springer-Verlag. Ditsworth, T. M., Butt, S. M., Beley, J. R., Johnson C. D. & Balda R. P. (1982) Arthropods, plants and transmission lines in Arizona: community dynamics during secondary succession in a pinyon-juniper woodland. Southwestern Naturalist 27: 167-181. Dolva, J. M. & Scott, J. K. (1982) The association between the mealybug, Pseudococcus macrozamiae, ants and the cycad Macrozamia reidlei in a fire-prone
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trees for Farm Forestry: 22 Promising Species
    Forestry and Forest Products Natural Heritage Trust Helping Communities Helping Australia TREES FOR FARM FORESTRY: 22 PROMISING SPECIES Forestry and Forest Products TREES FOR FARM FORESTRY: Natural Heritage 22 PROMISING SPECIES Trust Helping Communities Helping Australia A report for the RIRDC/ Land & Water Australia/ FWPRDC Joint Venture Agroforestry Program Revised and Edited by Bronwyn Clarke, Ian McLeod and Tim Vercoe March 2009 i © 2008 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 1 74151 821 0 ISSN 1440-6845 Trees for Farm Forestry: 22 promising species Publication No. 09/015 Project No. CSF-56A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Template
    Gumleaf Skeletonizer (GLS) monitoring using pheromone baited moth traps 2011-2014 Janet D. Farr and Allan J. Wills Occasional Report June 2014 Occasional Report Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Phone: (08) 9219 9000 Fax: (08) 9334 0498 www.dpaw.wa.gov.au © Department of Parks and Wildlife on behalf of the State of Western Australia 2014 June 2014 This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Department of Parks and Wildlife. This report was prepared by Allan Wills Questions regarding the use of this material should be directed to: Allan Wills Science and Conservation Division Department of Parks and Wildlife Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre WA 6983 Phone: 0438996352 Email: [email protected] The recommended reference for this publication is: Janet D. Farr and Allan J. Wills, 2014, Gumleaf Skeletonizer (GLS) monitoring using pheromone baited moth traps 2011-2014, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth. Disclaimer Data presented in this report should not be inferred to be indicative of future Gumleaf Skeletonizer population changes or future damage caused by Gumleaf Skeletonizer. This document is available in alternative formats on request. Please note: urls in this document which conclude a sentence are followed by a full point. If copying the url please do not include the full point.
    [Show full text]
  • Gumleaf Skeletoniser Biocontrol: a Lesson in Patience
    THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Lisa Berndt, Michelle Watson and Tara Murray Ensis Forest Biosecurity and Protection BiologicalBiological controlcontrol ofof gumleafgumleaf skeletoniser,skeletoniser, paropsisparopsis andand buddleiabuddleia March 2007 THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Gumleaf skeletoniser Uraba lugens (Nolidae) • Australian eucalypt defoliator • In Auckland since 2001 • Spreading to Waikato, Northland, BOP • Threat to plantations, amenity trees, public health • Attacking new host plant species THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION GLS biocontrol • 4 potential parasitoids identified • ERMA permission to import 2004 • Develop rearing & host testing methods 2004-2007 (2 species) Eriborus sp. Photos: Geoff Allen & John Barran Euplectrus sp. Cotesia urabae Dolichogenidea eucalypti THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Success: rearing • Rearing method finally successful • Solving mating problems key THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Success: host testing • Methods developed • Nearly complete for two species • Nine more species to test • Strong preference for uraba THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Paropsis biocontrol • Major eucalypt pest • Previously controlled by parasitoid Enoggera nissaui • Biocontrol disrupted by hyperparasitoid in North Island since 2002 Enoggera nassaui on P. charybdis egg • Second parasitoid (Neopolycystus insectifurax) not as effective • Most plantations sprayed annually now THE JOINT FORCES OF CSIRO & SCION Paropsis charybdis Current research • PhD student Tara Murray (2nd year) • Studying biology of hyperparasitoid
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Induced Host Moisture Stress on the Growth and Development of Western Spruce Bud Worm and Armillaria Ostoyae on Grand Fir Seedlings
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Catherine Gray Parks for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Forest Science, presented on April 28, 1993. Title: The Influence of Induced Host Moisture Stress on the Growth and Development of Western Spruce Budworm and Armillaria ostoyae on Grand Fir Seedlings. Abstract Approved: John D. Waistad This greenhouse study evaluates the influence of separately and simultaneously imposed water stress, western spruce budworm (Choristorneura occidentalis Freeman) defoliation, and inoculation with the root pathogen, Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, on the growth and biochemical features of Abies .grandis (Dougl.) Lindi. Seedling biomass, plant moisture status, bud phenology, and allocation patterns of phenolics, carbohydrates, and key nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur) are reported. Hypotheses are developed and testedon the impacts of water-stress, defoliation, and root inoculation, on westernspruce budworm growth and development, and Armillaria ostoyae-caused mortality and infection. Western spruce budworm larvae fedon water-stressed seedlings had higher survival rates, grew faster, and produced largerpupae than those fed on well- watered seedlings. There is no clear reason for the positive insectresponse, but changes in foliage nutrient patterns and phenolic chemistryare indicated. Insect caused defoliation has been earlier reported to enhance successful colonization of Armillaria spp. on deciduous trees in the forests of the northeastern United States. The positive response of the fungus was attributed to a weakened tree condition. Conversely, although this study conclusively found water-limited trees to have increased susceptibility to A. ostoyae, defoliation significantly lowered Armillaria-caused infection and mortality. The decline in infection success is attributed to defoliation-caused reduction in plant water stress and an alteration of root carbohydrate chemistry.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Four New Species of Parasitoid Wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Described Through a Citizen Science Partnership with Schools in Regional South Australia
    Zootaxa 4949 (1): 079–101 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) https://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.4 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0C917F76-75A1-4F46-829B-C5143D7AEADA Four new species of parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) described through a citizen science partnership with schools in regional South Australia ERINN P. FAGAN-JEFFRIES1,2*, ANDREW D. AUSTIN1,2,4 & CITIZEN SCIENCE PARTICIPANTS OF INSECT INVESTIGATORS3 1Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology & Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Australia. 2South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia 3Students and teachers of Cowell Area School, Macclesfield Primary School, Ramco Primary School and Waikerie Primary School, Australia. 4 [email protected] , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-2276 *Corresponding author. [email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3322-6255 Abstract Involving the community in taxonomic research has the potential to increase the awareness, appreciation and value of taxonomy in the public sphere. We report here on a trial citizen science project, Insect Investigators, which partners taxonomists with school students to monitor Malaise traps and prioritise the description of new species collected. In this initial trial, four schools in regional South Australia participated in the program and all collected new species of the braconid subfamily Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). These four species are here described as new, with the names being chosen in collaboration with the participating school students: Choeras ramcomarmorata Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp. nov., Glyptapanteles drioplanetus Fagan-Jeffries & Austin sp.
    [Show full text]
  • RECORDS of the HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY for 1994 Part 2: Notes1
    1 RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1994 Part 2: Notes1 This is the second of two parts to the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1994 and contains the notes on Hawaiian species of plants and animals including new state and island records, range extensions, and other information. Larger, more comprehensive treatments and papers describing new taxa are treated in the first part of this volume [Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 41]. New Hawaiian Plant Records. I BARBARA M. HAWLEY & B. LEILANI PYLE (Herbarium Pacificum, Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, P.O. Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA) Amaranthaceae Achyranthes mutica A. Gray Significance. Considered extinct and previously known from only 2 collections: sup- posedly from Hawaii Island 1779, D. Nelson s.n.; and from Kauai between 1851 and 1855, J. Remy 208 (Wagner et al., 1990, Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai‘i, p. 181). Material examined. HAWAII: South Kohala, Keawewai Gulch, 975 m, gulch with pasture and relict Koaie, 10 Nov 1991, T.K. Pratt s.n.; W of Kilohana fork, 1000 m, on sides of dry gulch ca. 20 plants seen above and below falls, 350 °N aspect, 16 Dec 1992, K.R. Wood & S. Perlman 2177 (BISH). Caryophyllaceae Silene lanceolata A. Gray Significance. New island record for Oahu. Distribution in Wagner et al. (1990: 523, loc. cit.) limited to Kauai, Molokai, Hawaii, and Lanai. Several plants were later noted by Steve Perlman and Ken Wood from Makua, Oahu in 1993. Material examined. OAHU: Waianae Range, Ohikilolo Ridge at ca. 700 m elevation, off ridge crest, growing on a vertical rock face, facing northward and generally shaded most of the day but in an open, exposed face, only 1 plant noted, 25 Sep 1992, J.
    [Show full text]
  • Tamarixia Radiata Behaviour Is Influenced by Volatiles from Both
    insects Article Tamarixia radiata Behaviour is Influenced by Volatiles from Both Plants and Diaphorina citri Nymphs Yan-Mei Liu 1,2 , Shu-Hao Guo 1, Fei-Feng Wang 1, Li-He Zhang 2, Chang-Fei Guo 2, Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson 3, Bao-Li Qiu 1,2 and Wen Sang 1,2,* 1 Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application, Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China; [email protected] (Y.-M.L.); [email protected] (S.-H.G.); wff[email protected] (F.-F.W.); [email protected] (B.-L.Q.) 2 Engineering Research Center of Biological control, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510640, China; [email protected] (L.-H.Z.); [email protected] (C.-F.G.) 3 Independent Science Advisor, York YO41 1LZ, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-20-8528-3717 Received: 7 March 2019; Accepted: 13 May 2019; Published: 16 May 2019 Abstract: Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) is an important ectoparasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, a globally destructive pest of citrus. In the present study, a Y-tube olfactometer was employed to investigate whether the parasitoid T. radiata is capable of utilizing the odour source emitted by both plants and insect hosts during its foraging. The odour sources included Murraya paniculata (L.) shoots, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th D. citri instar nymphs, both individually and in combinations. Moreover, nymph-stage choice for parasitism, including 3rd, 4th, and 5th D. citri instar nymphs, was carried out. The results indicated that female T. radiata were only significantly attracted to volatiles emitted by M.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Host Range Testing for Cotesia Urabae
    1 Appendix 2 Appendix 2: Risks to non-target species from potential biological control agent Cotesia urabae against Uraba lugens in New Zealand L.A. Berndt, A. Sharpe, T.M. Withers, M. Kimberley, and B. Gresham Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand, [email protected] Introduction Biological control of insect pests is a sustainable approach to pest management that seeks to correct ecological imbalances that many new invaders create on arrival in a new country. This is done by introducing carefully selected natural enemies of the pest, usually from its native range. This method is the only means of establishing and maintaining self-sustaining control of pest insects and it is highly cost effective in the long term (Greathead, 1995). However there is considerable concern for the risk new biological control agents might pose to other species in the country of introduction, and most countries now have regulations to manage decisions on whether to allow biological control introductions (Sheppard et al., 2003). A key component of the research required to gain approval to release a new agent is host range testing, to determine what level of risk the agent might pose to native and valued species in the country of introduction. Although methods for this are well developed for weed biological control, protocols are less established for arthropod biological control, and the challenges in conducting tests are greater (Van Driesche and Murray, 2004; van Lenteren et al., 2006; Withers and Browne, 2004). This is because insect ecology and taxonomy are relatively poorly understood, and there are many more species that need to be considered.
    [Show full text]
  • TAXON:Eucalyptus Nicholii Maiden & Blakely SCORE
    TAXON: Eucalyptus nicholii Maiden SCORE: -1.0 RATING: Low Risk & Blakely Taxon: Eucalyptus nicholii Maiden & Blakely Family: Myrtaceae Common Name(s): narrow-leaf black peppermint Synonym(s): Eucalyptus acaciiformis var. linearis H.Deane & Maiden narrow-leaf peppermint small-leaf peppermint willow peppermint willow-leaf peppermint Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 16 Dec 2020 WRA Score: -1.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Temperate Tree, Naturalized Elsewhere, Non-toxic, Wind-Dispersed. Coppices Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Intermediate tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 n subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed
    [Show full text]
  • Eradication of Invading Insect Populations: from Concepts to Applications Andrew M
    EN61CH18-Liebhold ARI 1 February 2016 13:2 Eradication of Invading Insect ANNUAL Populations: From Concepts REVIEWS Further Click here to view this article's online features: to Applications • Download figures as PPT slides • Navigate linked references • Download citations • Explore related articles 1,∗ 2 • Search keywords Andrew M. Liebhold, Ludek Berec, Eckehard G. Brockerhoff,3 Rebecca S. Epanchin-Niell,4 Alan Hastings,5 Daniel A. Herms,6 John M. Kean,7 Deborah G. McCullough,8 David M. Suckling,9 Patrick C. Tobin,10 and Takehiko Yamanaka11 1US Forest Service Northern Research Station, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505; email: [email protected], [email protected] 2Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37005 Ceskˇ e´ Budejovice,ˇ Czech Republic; email: [email protected] 3Scion (New Zealand Forest Research Institute), Christchurch 8540, New Zealand; email: [email protected] 4Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 20036; email: [email protected] 5Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616; email: [email protected] 6Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio 44691; email: [email protected] 7AgResearch Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; email: [email protected] 8Department of Entomology and Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; email: [email protected] 9New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research and University of Auckland, Christchurch 4704, New Zealand; email: [email protected] 10School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; email: [email protected] 11Natural Resources Inventory Center, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan; email: [email protected] Annu.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Biological Control of Economically Important
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2016; 4(1): 354-362 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 An overview of biological control of economically JEZS 2016; 4(1): 354-362 important lepidopteron pests with parasitoids © 2016 JEZS Received: 22-11-2015 Accepted: 23-12-2015 Muhammad Salim, Ayhan Gökçe, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash, Allah Muhammad Salim Bakhsh Department of Plant Production & Technologies, Ayhan Şahenk Abstract Faculty of Agricultural sciences and Technologies, Niğde The insect order Lepidoptera is one of the most important insect orders in terms of both species and University, Turkey. agriculture point of view. Majority of these are the serious pest of most agricultural crops. Insects-pests Email: are mostly management by using insecticides which are not only ineffective but also resulted in muhammad.salim@mail. nigde.edu.tr environmental pollution and diseases’ outbreak. All these problems solution lies on the implementation of best IPM package. Biological control is one of the best options of Integrated Pest Management. Ayhan Gökçe Utilization of bio agent can easily be combined with other management techniques for having best IPM Department of Plant Production package. Parasitoids in this connection play a very important role in their management. These parasitoids & Technologies, Ayhan Şahenk attack the egg, larval or pupal stages of the host insects. In the present review the importance of Faculty of Agricultural sciences parasitoids in controlling the different lepidopteron pests was discussed. The two major insect parasitoids ğ and Technologies, Ni de orders hymenoptera with four families namely braconidae, ichneumonidae, chalcidae and University, Turkey. trichogrammatidae and diptera with one family namely tachinidae in relation to biocontrol of selected Muhammad Nadir Naqqash lepidopteron pests have been studied.
    [Show full text]