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Hygrophorus eburneus Pilzportrait Fungi, Dikarya, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae Hygrophorus eburneus Elfenbeinschneckling Hygrophorus eburneus Hygrophorus eburneus (Bulliard) Fries 1836 Agaricus eburneus Bulliard 1783 Gymnopus eburneus (Bulliard) Gray 1821 Hygrophorus eburneus (Bulliard) Fries 1836 Limacium eburneum (Bulliard) P. Kummer 1871 makroskopisch Fruchtkörper / Habitus / Wachstumsform Stark schleimig Lamellenfarbe Lamellenfarbe jung weiss, dann cremefarben olfaktorisch / organoleptisch Geruch / Geruchsprofil Unbedeutend, auch als schwach aromatisch (nach Mandarinenschale!) chemisch Kalilaugenreaktion / KOH Positiv: gelblich / ockerliche / orangebraune Verfärbung an Stielbasis. Die Verfärbung geht dann rasch ins rotbraun Gattung/en: Hygrophorus https://www.mycopedia.ch/pilze/1039.htm Siehe auch Hygrophorus eburneus var. cossus https://www.mycopedia.ch/pilze/4517.htm HYGROPHORUS_EBURNEUS www.mycopedia.ch - T. Flammer© 07.09.2021 Seite 1 Hygrophorus eburneus Pilzportrait Fungi, Dikarya, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae Hygrophorus eburneus Elfenbeinschneckling Flammer, T© 5040 23.08.2014 Flammer, T© 5003 17.08.2014 Flammer, T© 1704 02.09.2010 Flammer, T© 5005 17.08.2014 HYGROPHORUS_EBURNEUS www.mycopedia.ch - T. Flammer© 07.09.2021 Seite 2 Hygrophorus eburneus Pilzportrait Fungi, Dikarya, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae Hygrophorus eburneus Elfenbeinschneckling Sporen Flammer, T© 5004 17.08.2014 Flammer, T© 5042 24.08.2014 Sporen gelb‐orange Reaktion mit 5 % KOH KOH Reaktion Flammer, T© 5043 24.08.2014 Flammer, T© 5048 24.08.2014 HYGROPHORUS_EBURNEUS www.mycopedia.ch - T. Flammer© 07.09.2021 Seite 3 Hygrophorus eburneus Pilzportrait Fungi, Dikarya, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae Hygrophorus eburneus Hygrophorus eburneus Hygrophorus eburneus (Bulliard) Fries 1836 Agaricus eburneus Bulliard 1783 Gymnopus eburneus (Bulliard) Gray 1821 Hygrophorus eburneus (Bulliard) Fries 1836 Limacium eburneum (Bulliard) P. Kummer 1871 Aufgrund der Sporenmasse und der übrigen Merkmale eher eburneus als ligatus. (Ligatus ist beim nächsten Fund am selben Standort nochmals ins Auge zu fassen). makroskopisch Fruchtkörper / Habitus / Wachstumsform Stark schleimig, schleimiger Stiel Hutfarbe Weiss, später graulich Sporenfarbe / Sporenpulver (Abwurf) Hell creme olfaktorisch / organoleptisch Geruch / Geruchsprofil Unauffällig, leicht aromatisch Geschmack Fade mikroskopisch Sporenmasse 7.7 - 9.3 x 5.4 - 6.2 µm Q: 1.37 - 1.57 (Ø LxB: 8.5 x 5.8 µm) chemisch Kalilaugenreaktion / KOH Negativ Gattung/en: Hygrophorus https://www.mycopedia.ch/pilze/1039.htm HYGROPHORUS_EBURNEUS www.mycopedia.ch - T. Flammer© 07.09.2021 Seite 4 Hygrophorus eburneus Pilzportrait Fungi, Dikarya, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricales, Hygrophoraceae Hygrophorus eburneus Flammer, T© 11189 18.10.2020 Flammer, T© 11187 18.10.2020 Flammer, T© 11188 21.10.2020 HYGROPHORUS_EBURNEUS www.mycopedia.ch - T. Flammer© 07.09.2021 Seite 5.

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Bulk Isolation of Basidiospores from Wild Mushrooms by Electrostatic Attraction with Low Risk of Microbial Contaminations Kiran Lakkireddy1,2 and Ursula Kües1,2*
Lakkireddy and Kües AMB Expr (2017) 7:28 DOI 10.1186/s13568-017-0326-0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Bulk isolation of basidiospores from wild mushrooms by electrostatic attraction with low risk of microbial contaminations Kiran Lakkireddy1,2 and Ursula Kües1,2* Abstract The basidiospores of most Agaricomycetes are ballistospores. They are propelled off from their basidia at maturity when Buller’s drop develops at high humidity at the hilar spore appendix and fuses with a liquid film formed on the adaxial side of the spore. Spores are catapulted into the free air space between hymenia and fall then out of the mushroom’s cap by gravity. Here we show for 66 different species that ballistospores from mushrooms can be attracted against gravity to electrostatic charged plastic surfaces. Charges on basidiospores can influence this effect. We used this feature to selectively collect basidiospores in sterile plastic Petri-dish lids from mushrooms which were positioned upside-down onto wet paper tissues for spore release into the air. Bulks of 104 to >107 spores were obtained overnight in the plastic lids above the reversed fruiting bodies, between 104 and 106 spores already after 2–4 h incubation. In plating tests on agar medium, we rarely observed in the harvested spore solutions contamina- tions by other fungi (mostly none to up to in 10% of samples in different test series) and infrequently by bacteria (in between 0 and 22% of samples of test series) which could mostly be suppressed by bactericides. We thus show that it is possible to obtain clean basidiospore samples from wild mushrooms.
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European Mushroom Assemblages Are Darker in Cold Climates
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10767-z OPEN European mushroom assemblages are darker in cold climates Franz-Sebastian Krah 1,2, Ulf Büntgen3,4,5, Hanno Schaefer 1, Jörg Müller2,6, Carrie Andrew7, Lynne Boddy 8, Jeffrey Diez9, Simon Egli4, Robert Freckleton 10, Alan C. Gange11, Rune Halvorsen 12, Einar Heegaard13, Antje Heideroth2,14, Christoph Heibl2, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen15, Klaus Høiland7, Ritwika Kar16, Håvard Kauserud7, Paul M. Kirk17, Thomas W. Kuyper 18, Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber19, Jenni Norden 7, Phillip Papastefanou20, Beatrice Senn-Irlet4 & Claus Bässler2,21 1234567890():,; Thermal melanism theory states that dark-colored ectotherm organisms are at an advantage at low temperature due to increased warming. This theory is generally supported for ecto- therm animals, however, the function of colors in the fungal kingdom is largely unknown. Here, we test whether the color lightness of mushroom assemblages is related to climate using a dataset of 3.2 million observations of 3,054 species across Europe. Consistent with the thermal melanism theory, mushroom assemblages are signiﬁcantly darker in areas with cold climates. We further show differences in color phenotype between fungal lifestyles and a lifestyle differentiated response to seasonality. These results indicate a more complex eco- logical role of mushroom colors and suggest functions beyond thermal adaption. Because fungi play a crucial role in terrestrial carbon and nutrient cycles, understanding the links between the thermal environment, functional coloration and species’ geographical distribu- tions will be critical in predicting ecosystem responses to global warming. 1 Plant Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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MUSHROOMS of the OTTAWA NATIONAL FOREST Compiled By
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Hygrophorus Eburneus, Edible Mushroom, a Promising Natural Bioactive Agent
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A New Species of Hygrophorus, H. Yadigarii Sp. Nov. (Hygrophoraceae), with an Isolated Systematic Position Within the Genus from the Colchic Part of Turkey
Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2018) 42: 224-232 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1706-64 A new species of Hygrophorus, H. yadigarii sp. nov. (Hygrophoraceae), with an isolated systematic position within the genus from the Colchic part of Turkey 1, 2 3 Ertuğrul SESLİ *, Vladimír ANTONÍN , Marco CONTU 1 Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Education, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey 2 Moravian Museum, Department of Botany, Brno, Czech Republic 3 Via Marmilla, 12 (I-Gioielli 2), I-07026 Olbia (OT), Italy Received: 27.06.2017 Accepted/Published Online: 20.11.2017 Final Version: 20.03.2018 Abstract: Hygrophorus yadigarii (Hygrophoraceae/Basidiomycota) is described as a new species for science based on basidiomata collected from Maçka, Trabzon, Turkey. The new taxon is quite different even from the closest relatives, easily distinguished by the other species because of its grayish to ash-colored, gregarious to subcaespitose, sticky basidioma; a slightly umbonate to depressed pileus; a cylindrical to clavate, grayish stipe; ellipsoid and smooth basidiospores; quite long basidia; clavate, cylindrical or narrowly utriform, apically pyriform or strangulated cheilocystidia; and gelatinous pileipellis. A description with field and micromorphological illustrations, a phylogenetic tree, a simple key, a comparison chart including similar species, and a short discussion are provided. Key words: Colchic, Hygrophorus, Maçka, new species, Trabzon 1. Introduction Sesli and Denchev,
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IJM - Italian Journal of Mycology ISSN 2531-7342 - Vol. 50 (2021): 30-43 Journal homepage: https://italianmycology.unibo.it/ Review Agaricomycetes mushrooms (Basidiomycota) as potential neuroprotectants Susanna M. Badalyan1* and Sylvie Rapior2* 1 Laboratory of Fungal Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedicine, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia - E-mail: [email protected] 2 Laboratoire de Botanique, Phytochimie et Mycologie, CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France - E-mail: [email protected] Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ARTICLE INFO Received 22/2/2021; accepted 14/4/2021 https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2531-7342/12542 Abstract The edible and medicinal agaricoid and polyporoid mushrooms (phylum Basidiomycota, order Agaricomycetes) have long been known by humans as valuable food and medicines. They are producers of different groups of high- and low- molecular weight bioactive compounds (alkaloids, phenolics, polysaccharides, proteins, terpenoids, vitamins etc.) with around 130 therapeutic effects, including neuroprotective. Mushroom-derived biotech products are reported as effective neuroprotectants, however their potential to prevent or mitigate several neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases, epilepsy, depression and others has not been fully explored. This review discusses the neuroprotective potential of Agaricomycetes fungi and possibilities for their application as natural neuroprotectants. Keywords Agaricomycetes, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, bioactive compounds, neurodegenerative, neuroprotective Introduction Neurodegeneration is incurable pathological process of progressive loss of structure and function of nerve cells, which lead to their death. In recent years age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Meniere’s diseases, multiple sclerosis affecting more than 35 million people worldwide.
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