Plant of the Month October 2020

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Plant of the Month October 2020 Distribution Information Common Name: Echium, Pride of Madiera The Echium species and cultivars in this part of the garden Many Echium species from the Macaronesia Islands have Scientific Name: Echium species and cultivars originate in the Macaronesia Islands including; Madiera, become popular garden plants and many named varieties Tourn. ex L. Cape Verde and the Canary Islands. 27 species are endemic exist. On the Dragon Tree lawn you will see; Echium to these island archipelagos. candicans (light blue flowers), Echium leucophaeum (white Family: Boraginacaceae flowers), Echium wildprettii (pink flowers, not currently Native Habitat Etymology flowering) and Echium ‘Duxfield Blue’ (cobalt blue flowers). Dry rocky hillsides and slopes from sea level up to 2 000 Genus: Echium – from the Greek metres. Flowers are a rich source of nectar and pollen for European word “echis” meaning a viper. Honey Bees that can be seen massing around the flowers Description each spring. May refer to the forking of All but two of the Echium species on the Macaronesian the flower’s style. Islands are short-lived, woody perennial shrubs. Leaves are They are fast growing plants that require regular renewal. linear, grey-green and leaves and young stems are covered The biennial species E.wildpretii dies after flowering in its in fine, somtimes irritating hairs. Echium wildpretii is second year. Woody species are relatively short lived (5-9 biennial, flowering in its second year. years in coastal Sydney) and require pruning after flowering to maintain vigour and shape. This is best done before the Flowers plants produce their sticky seeds. All are full sun plants and Flowers are small, tubular and usually white, shades of blue can become “leggy” and not flower if planted in too much or in the case of Echium wildpretii pink. Stamens are shade. prominent and red. Flowers occur on large spikes that emerge well above the foliage. Echiums produce large numbers of seeds and can become garden escapes. Be careful and consult regional weed lists Fruit before planting . A species of Echium, Echium plantagineum Nutlets comprising a cluster of seeds with bristly bracts that also known as Paterson’s Curse or Salvation Jane, is a major adhere easily to surfaces. pasture weed in many parts of Australia. Location in Garden Dragon Tree Lawn. Spring Walk and next to Main Pond. #RBGSydney .

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Paterson's Curse (Echium Plantagineum)
PNW 602-E • October 2007 Paterson’s Curse Echium plantagineum in the Pacific Northwest A. Hulting, J. Krenz, and R. Parker Other common names: Salvation cattle industry approximately and southern coast of California Jane, Riverina bluebell, Lady $250 million annually due and in several eastern states. Campbell weed, purple viper’s to pasture land degradation, In addition to pasture lands, bugloss, viper’s bugloss associated management costs, oak savanna habitat in western and contamination of wool by Oregon is particularly vulner- Paterson’s curse is a member seeds (see “Australian resourc- able to invasion, as it is similar of the borage family (Boragina- es,” back page). to the native habitat of Pater- ceae). It is native to Mediterra- Paterson’s curse has been son’s curse and may provide an nean Europe and North Africa found in two locations in excellent environment for this but has spread to southern Oregon. It was first documented species. Africa, South and North Ameri- in Linn County as a roadside This weed has the potential ca, Australia, and New Zealand. infestation in 2003 (Figure 1). to severely degrade agricultural Outside of its native habitat, it is Upon investigation, it was con- and native habitats but can still an aggressive, drought-tolerant cluded that the seeds plant that adapts to many soil were introduced as moisture levels, enabling it to part of a wildflower readily inhabit disturbed areas. seed mix. The weed It is purportedly named after an currently covers a lin- Australian family, the Patersons, ear area of less than who planted it in their garden in 1 acre at that location the 1880s and watched helplessly and is being managed as it took over the landscape.
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Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales
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Echium Candicans
DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES Pride of Madeira Echium candicans Victorian Alert Weed Fact Sheet Plant biology Type of weed: Garden escape. Lifeform: Semi-woody biennial herb. Description: Stems: Pride of Madeira is a much-branched plant that grows to more than three metres high (PIER 2004; Webb et al 2004). The stem, fl owers and leaves of the plant are covered with fi ne, bristly, whitish coloured hairs (Spencer 2005). The species initially grows as a rosette at the base with leaves alternately arranged on the stem (Richardson et al 2006). Mature plants have longer stems with whitish papery bark and stout branches, with leaves growing more towards the stem’s apex (Bennett 2003). Image: RG & FJ Richardson - www.weedinfo.com.au Image: RG & FJ Richardson - www.weedinfo.com.au Image: RG & FJ Richardson Leaves: Leaves are usually 200 mm long and 55 mm wide and are an ellipsoid or lance shape. Botanical name: Echium candicans. Leaves have veins which are very prominent on Synonyms: Echium fastuosum. the lower surface and the leaves are densely covered with bristly hairs that appear grey or Common name: Pride of Madeira. silvery (Spencer 2005; Webb et al 2004). Alternatives: Tower of jewels, star of Madeira, bugloss. Family: Boraginaceae. Flowers: E. candicans is a monocarpic shrub, Relevant relatives: There are over 40 species in the Echium meaning it only fl owers once before dying genus and 30 are listed as being weedy by the Global Compendium (Bennett 2003). Each branch can reach up to of Weeds (Randall 2001). Closely related plants to pride of Madeira 3.5 metres tall with the columnar fl ower spike include Echium wildpretii (tower of jewels) and Echium pininana reach lengths of 200-400 mm (Webb et al 2004).
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FLORA from FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE of MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2
ISSN: 2601 – 6141, ISSN-L: 2601 – 6141 Acta Biologica Marisiensis 2018, 1(1): 60-70 ORIGINAL PAPER FLORA FROM FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania 2Mureş County Museum, Department of Natural Sciences, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania *Correspondence: Silvia OROIAN [email protected] Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 15 July 2018 Abstract The aim of this study was to identify a potential source of medicinal plant from Transylvanian Plain. Also, the paper provides information about the hayfields floral richness, a great scientific value for Romania and Europe. The study of the flora was carried out in several stages: 2005-2008, 2013, 2017-2018. In the studied area, 397 taxa were identified, distributed in 82 families with therapeutic potential, represented by 164 medical taxa, 37 of them being in the European Pharmacopoeia 8.5. The study reveals that most plants contain: volatile oils (13.41%), tannins (12.19%), flavonoids (9.75%), mucilages (8.53%) etc. This plants can be used in the treatment of various human disorders: disorders of the digestive system, respiratory system, skin disorders, muscular and skeletal systems, genitourinary system, in gynaecological disorders, cardiovascular, and central nervous sistem disorders. In the study plants protected by law at European and national level were identified: Echium maculatum, Cephalaria radiata, Crambe tataria, Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus, Salvia nutans, Iris aphylla, Orchis morio, Orchis tridentata, Adonis vernalis, Dictamnus albus, Hammarbya paludosa etc. Keywords: Fărăgău, medicinal plants, human disease, Mureş County 1.
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Viper's Bugloss (Echium Vulgare L) Extract As a Natural Antioxidant and Its Effect on Hyperlipidemia
International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR) | February 2018 | Volume 8 | Issue 1 | Page 81-89 Walaa F. Alsanie, Viper's Bugloss (Echium Vulgare L) Extract as A Natural Antioxidant and Its Effect on Hyperlipidemia Viper's Bugloss (Echium vulgare L) Extract as A Natural Antioxidant and Its Effect on Hyperlipidemia Walaa F. Alsanie1, Ehab I. El-Hallous2,3,*, Eldessoky S. Dessoky2,4 , Ismail A. Ismail2,4 1 Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 3Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Arish University, Al-Arish, Egypt. 4Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box, 12619, Giza, Egypt. ABSTRACT Echium vulgare which is known as viper's bugloss is a species of flowering plant in the borage family of Boraginaceae. In this study, Echium vulgare was examined considering its phenolic and flavonoid contents, and the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was investigated by the method called 2, 2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH) activity. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was utilized to estimate the phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds. The data reported that the Echium vulgare methanol extract is a good source of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids content and the antioxidant activity. The phenolic acids from Echium vulgare extract were estimated using HPLC, and the highest compounds were gallic acid, benzoic acid and isoferulic acid. Flavonoid compounds were the highest compounds in quercetrin and naringin. The results of the biological experiments illustrated that the concentrations 250 and 500mg/kg body weight from Echium vulgare had contained the polyphenols in the extract to maintain an ideal body weight, improve the complete blood picture, lipid profile and liver functions as Alanine (ALT) and Aspartate (AST) transaminoferase.
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Bob Allen's OCCNPS Presentation About Plant Families.Pages
Stigma How to identify flowering plants Style Pistil Bob Allen, California Native Plant Society, OC chapter, occnps.org Ovary Must-knows • Flower, fruit, & seed • Leaf parts, shapes, & divisions Petal (Corolla) Anther Stamen Filament Sepal (Calyx) Nectary Receptacle Stalk Major local groups ©Bob Allen 2017 Apr 18 Page !1 of !6 A Botanist’s Dozen Local Families Legend: * = non-native; (*) = some native species, some non-native species; ☠ = poisonous Eudicots • Leaf venation branched; veins net-like • Leaf bases not sheathed (sheathed only in Apiaceae) • Cotyledons 2 per seed • Floral parts in four’s or five’s Pollen apertures 3 or more per pollen grain Petal tips often • curled inward • Central taproot persists 2 styles atop a flat disk Apiaceae - Carrot & Parsley Family • Herbaceous annuals & perennials, geophytes, woody perennials, & creepers 5 stamens • Stout taproot in most • Leaf bases sheathed • Leaves alternate (rarely opposite), dissected to compound Style “horns” • Flowers in umbels, often then in a secondary umbel • Sepals, petals, stamens 5 • Ovary inferior, with 2 chambers; styles 2; fruit a dry schizocarp Often • CA: Apiastrum, Yabea, Apium*, Berula, Bowlesia, Cicuta, Conium*☠ , Daucus(*), vertically Eryngium, Foeniculum, Torilis*, Perideridia, Osmorhiza, Lomatium, Sanicula, Tauschia ribbed • Cult: Apium, Carum, Daucus, Petroselinum Asteraceae - Sunflower Family • Inflorescence a head: flowers subtended by an involucre of bracts (phyllaries) • Calyx modified into a pappus • Corolla of 5 fused petals, radial or bilateral, sometimes both kinds in same head • Radial (disk) corollas rotate to salverform • Bilateral (ligulate) corollas strap-shaped • Stamens 5, filaments fused to corolla, anthers fused into a tube surrounding the style • Ovary inferior, style 1, with 2 style branches • Fruit a cypsela (but sometimes called an achene) • The largest family of flowering plants in CA (ca.
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Typification of Names in Boraginales Described from Sicily Lorenzo
Natural History Sciences. Atti Soc. it. Sci. nat. Museo civ. Stor. nat. Milano, 2 (2): 97-99, 2015 DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2015.248 Typification of names in Boraginales described from Sicily Lorenzo Cecchi1*, Federico Selvi2 Abstract - Eight names in Boraginales (Boraginaceae s.l.) described Heliotropiaceae from Sicily between 1814 and 1919 are typified in the framework of the Flora Critica d’Italia and Loci classici project. Some critical aspects are briefly discussed to clarify the circumstances that led to the choice Heliotropium supinum var. gracile Lojac., Fl. Sicul. of the lectotypes and the current taxonomic status of the taxa. 2(2): 92. 1907 (‘gracilis’). [Heliotropium supinum L.] Locus classicus: [Italy, Sicily] “ad Ustica”. Key words: Boraginales, typification, Sicily. Lectotype (here designated): [Italy, Sicily] “Ustica”, s.d., [Lojacono] s.n. (P�L 63726!). Riassunto - Tipificazione di nomi di Boraginales descritte dalla Sicilia. Note. �mong the several floristic synopses pub- Vengono tipificati otto nomi di Boraginales (Boraginaceae s.l.) lished in Italy between the end of XIX century and the descritti per la Sicilia tra il 1814 e il 1919, nell’ambito del progetto beginning of XX century, the Flora Sicula by Michele Flora Critica d’Italia e Loci classici. Alcuni aspetti critici sono bre- Lojacono Pojero (1907) has been often neglected by vemente discussi per chiarire le circostanze che hanno condotto alla contemporary and later authors. One of the names in scelta dei lectotipi e all’attuale posizione sistematica dei taxa. Boraginales still to be typified after the recent account Parole chiave: Boraginaceae, tipificazione, Sicilia. by Domina et al. (2014) is Heliotropium supinum var.
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Biological Control of Paterson's Curse
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4 Volume 30 Number 4 1989 Article 2 1-1-1989 Biological control of Paterson's curse John Dodd Bill Woods Follow this and additional works at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture4 Part of the Entomology Commons, Population Biology Commons, and the Weed Science Commons Recommended Citation Dodd, John and Woods, Bill (1989) "Biological control of Paterson's curse," Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4: Vol. 30 : No. 4 , Article 2. Available at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture4/vol30/iss4/2 This article is brought to you for free and open access by Research Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4 by an authorized administrator of Research Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Far left: An adult leaf mining moth in a characteristic position on a Paterson's curse leaf. The moth is about 5 mm long, slightly bigger than a mosquito. Left: Paterson 's curse. Biological control of Paterson's curse By Jonathan Dodd, Research Officer, Weed Significance of Paterson's curse Science Branch and Bill Woods, Entomologist, Paterson's curse is a long established weed in South Perth the south-west agricultural areas. It is primar ily a weed in pastures where it competes with The long-delayed biological control programme for desirable pasture plants without contributing the weed Paterson's curse (Echium plantagineum) significantly to forage value. It can be a signifi has begun with the release of the leaf mining moth cant contaminant of hay crops.
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Metabolic Profiling of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Foliage of Two Echium Spp. Invaders in Australia—A Case of Novel Weapons?
Article Metabolic Profiling of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Foliage of Two Echium spp. Invaders in Australia—A Case of Novel Weapons? Dominik Skoneczny 1, Paul A. Weston 1, Xiaocheng Zhu 1, Geoff M. Gurr 1,2, Ragan M. Callaway 3 and Leslie A. Weston 1,* Received: 7 September 2015 ; Accepted: 26 October 2015 ; Published: 6 November 2015 Academic Editor: Ute Roessner 1 Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University , Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (P.A.W.); [email protected] (X.Z.); [email protected] (G.M.G.) 2 Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 3 Division of Biological Science, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +61-2-2633-4689 Abstract: Metabolic profiling allows for simultaneous and rapid annotation of biochemically similar organismal metabolites. An effective platform for profiling of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxides (PANOs) was developed using ultra high pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight (UHPLC-QTOF) mass spectrometry. Field-collected populations of invasive Australian weeds, Echium plantagineum and E. vulgare were raised under controlled glasshouse conditions and surveyed for the presence of related PAs and PANOs in leaf tissues at various growth stages. Echium plantagineum possessed numerous related and abundant PANOs (>17) by seven days following seed germination, and these were also observed in rosette and flowering growth stages. In contrast, the less invasive E. vulgare accumulated significantly lower levels of most PANOs under identical glasshouse conditions.
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Field Identification of the 50 Most Common Plant Families in Temperate Regions
Field identification of the 50 most common plant families in temperate regions (including agricultural, horticultural, and wild species) by Lena Struwe [email protected] © 2016, All rights reserved. Note: Listed characteristics are the most common characteristics; there might be exceptions in rare or tropical species. This compendium is available for free download without cost for non- commercial uses at http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~struwe/. The author welcomes updates and corrections. 1 Overall phylogeny – living land plants Bryophytes Mosses, liverworts, hornworts Lycophytes Clubmosses, etc. Ferns and Fern Allies Ferns, horsetails, moonworts, etc. Gymnosperms Conifers, pines, cycads and cedars, etc. Magnoliids Monocots Fabids Ranunculales Rosids Malvids Caryophyllales Ericales Lamiids The treatment for flowering plants follows the APG IV (2016) Campanulids classification. Not all branches are shown. © Lena Struwe 2016, All rights reserved. 2 Included families (alphabetical list): Amaranthaceae Geraniaceae Amaryllidaceae Iridaceae Anacardiaceae Juglandaceae Apiaceae Juncaceae Apocynaceae Lamiaceae Araceae Lauraceae Araliaceae Liliaceae Asphodelaceae Magnoliaceae Asteraceae Malvaceae Betulaceae Moraceae Boraginaceae Myrtaceae Brassicaceae Oleaceae Bromeliaceae Orchidaceae Cactaceae Orobanchaceae Campanulaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Plantaginaceae Caryophyllaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Polygonaceae Cucurbitaceae Ranunculaceae Cupressaceae Rosaceae Cyperaceae Rubiaceae Equisetaceae Rutaceae Ericaceae Salicaceae Euphorbiaceae Scrophulariaceae
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Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Turkey
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.16969/teb.16248 Türk. entomol. bült., 2016, 6(1): 9-14 ISSN 2146-975X Orijinal article (Original araştırma) A new host and natural enemies of Dialectica scalariella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Turkey Dialectica scalariella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)’nın yeni konukçu ve doğal düşmanları Cumali ÖZASLAN1* Halil BOLU1 Feza CAN CENGİZ2 Puja RAY3 Summary The study was carried out to determine leaf mining insects species feeding on Echium italicum L. (Boraginaceae) (Italian viper’s bugloss) growing in wheat fields of Edirne and Samsun provinces in 2013. As result of this study, Dialectica scalariella (Zeller, 1850) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) adults were obtained from the samples collected from both provinces. D. scalariella is a first record for insect fauna of Edirne and Samsun provinces. In addition, parasitoids Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Sympiesis sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were obtained from D. scalariella larvae collected from E. italicum in Edirne. Key words: Dialectica scalariella, Echium italicum, natural enemies, host plant, Turkey Özet Bu çalışma, Edirne ve Samsun illerinde buğday üretim alanlarında bulunan İtalyan engerek otu (Echium italicum L.) (Boraginaceae) ile beslenen galeri böceklerini belirlemek amacıyla 2013 yılında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda Edirne ve Samsun illerinden toplanan örneklerden Dialectica scalariella (Zeller, 1850) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)’nın erginleri elde edilmiştir. D. scalariella Edirne ve Samsun illeri böcek faunası için
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Echium L. (Boraginaceae) (Speciation/Selection/Perennial Growth/Woodiness/Founding Populations) UTA-REGINA B6HLE*, HARTMUT H
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 11740-11745, October 1996 Evolution Island colonization and evolution of the insular woody habit in Echium L. (Boraginaceae) (speciation/selection/perennial growth/woodiness/founding populations) UTA-REGINA B6HLE*, HARTMUT H. HILGER*, AND WILLIAM F. MARTINtt *Institut fur Systematische Botanik und Pflanzengeographie, Freie Universitat Berlin, Altensteinstrasse 6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany; and tInstitut fur Genetik, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Spielmannstrasse 7, D-38023 Braunschweig, Germany Communicated by Peter H. Raven, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, August 1, 1996 (received for review March 19, 1996) ABSTRACT Numerous island-inhabiting species of pre- mism is strict; no island species occur naturally in continental dominantly herbaceous angiosperm genera are woody shrubs floras and vice versa. Second, insular woodiness is very or trees. Such "insular woodiness" is strongly manifested in strongly pronounced in the genus; all but two of the island the genus Echium, in which the continental species of circum- species (Echium bonnetii and Echium pitardii) are woody mediterranean distribution are herbaceous, whereas endemic perennials, whereas the continental species are annual to species of islands along the Atlantic coast of north Africa are perennial herbs (or very rarely subshrubs). Third, the ages of woody perennial shrubs. The history of37 Echium species was the islands on which the woody species occur are known traced with 70 kb of noncoding DNA determined from both (9-14), so that the evolutionary process can be correlated to chloroplast and nuclear genomes. In all, 239 polymorphic geologic time. Island species of Echium reveal a degree of positions with 137 informative sites, in addition to 27 infor- morphological diversity comparable to that found in the mative indels, were found.
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