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Paterson's Curse (Echium Plantagineum)
PNW 602-E • October 2007 Paterson’s Curse Echium plantagineum in the Pacific Northwest A. Hulting, J. Krenz, and R. Parker Other common names: Salvation cattle industry approximately and southern coast of California Jane, Riverina bluebell, Lady $250 million annually due and in several eastern states. Campbell weed, purple viper’s to pasture land degradation, In addition to pasture lands, bugloss, viper’s bugloss associated management costs, oak savanna habitat in western and contamination of wool by Oregon is particularly vulner- Paterson’s curse is a member seeds (see “Australian resourc- able to invasion, as it is similar of the borage family (Boragina- es,” back page). to the native habitat of Pater- ceae). It is native to Mediterra- Paterson’s curse has been son’s curse and may provide an nean Europe and North Africa found in two locations in excellent environment for this but has spread to southern Oregon. It was first documented species. Africa, South and North Ameri- in Linn County as a roadside This weed has the potential ca, Australia, and New Zealand. infestation in 2003 (Figure 1). to severely degrade agricultural Outside of its native habitat, it is Upon investigation, it was con- and native habitats but can still an aggressive, drought-tolerant cluded that the seeds plant that adapts to many soil were introduced as moisture levels, enabling it to part of a wildflower readily inhabit disturbed areas. seed mix. The weed It is purportedly named after an currently covers a lin- Australian family, the Patersons, ear area of less than who planted it in their garden in 1 acre at that location the 1880s and watched helplessly and is being managed as it took over the landscape. -
Calophyllum Inophyllum (Kamani) Clusiaceae (Syn
April 2006 Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry ver. 2.1 www.traditionaltree.org Calophyllum inophyllum (kamani) Clusiaceae (syn. Guttiferae) (mangosteen family) Alexandrian laurel, beach mahogany, beauty leaf, poon, oil nut tree (English); beach calophyllum (Papua New Guinea), biyuch (Yap); btaches (Palau); daog, daok (Guam, N. Marianas); dilo (Fiji); eet (Kosrae); feta‘u (Tonga); fetau (Samoa); isou (Pohnpei); kamani, kamanu (Hawai‘i); lueg (Marshalls); rakich (Chuuk); tamanu (Cook Islands, Society Islands, Marquesas); te itai (Kiribati) J. B. Friday and Dana Okano photo: J. B. Friday B. J. photo: Kamani trees are most commonly seen along the shoreline (Hilo, Hawai‘i). IN BRIEF Growth rate May initially grow up to 1 m (3.3 ft) in height Distribution Widely dispersed throughout the tropics, in- per year on good sites, although usually much more slowly. cluding the Hawaiian and other Pacific islands. Main agroforestry uses Mixed-species woodlot, wind- break, homegarden. Size Typically 8–20 m (25–65 ft) tall at maturity. Main products Timber, seed oil. Habitat Strand or low-elevation riverine, 0–200 m (660 ft) Yields No timber yield data available; 100 kg (220 lb) in Hawai‘i, up to 800 m (2000 ft) at the equator; mean an- nuts/tree/yr yielding 5 kg (11 lb) oil. nual temperatures 18–33°C (64–91°F); annual rainfall 1000– Intercropping Casts a heavy shade, so not suitable as an 5000 mm (40–200 in). overstory tree; has been grown successfully in mixed-species Vegetation Occurs on beach and in coastal forests. timber stands. Soils Grows best in sandy, well drained soils. -
Growing Plants for Hawaiian Lei ‘A‘Ali‘I
6 Growing Plants for Hawaiian Lei ‘a‘ali‘i OTHER COMMON NAMES: ‘a‘ali‘i kū range of habitats from dunes at sea makani, ‘a‘ali‘i kū ma kua, kū- level up through leeward and dry makani, hop bush, hopseed bush forests and to the highest peaks SCIENTIFIC NAME: Dodonaea viscosa CURRENT STATUS IN THE WILD IN HAWAI‘I: common FAMILY: Sapindaceae (soapberry family) CULTIVARS: female cultivars such as ‘Purpurea’ and ‘Saratoga’ have NATURAL SETTING/LOCATION: indigenous, been selected for good fruit color pantropical species, found on all the main Hawaiian Islands except Kaho‘olawe; grows in a wide Growing your own PROPAGATION FORM: seeds; semi-hardwood cuttings or air layering for selected color forms PREPLANTING TREATMENT: step on seed capsule to release small, round, black seeds, or use heavy gloves and rub capsules vigorously between hands; put seeds in water that has been brought to a boil and removed from heat, soak for about 24 hours; if seeds start to swell, sow imme- diately; discard floating, nonviable seeds; use strong rooting hormone on cuttings TEMPERATURE: PLANTING DEPTH: sow seeds ¼" deep in tolerates dry heat; tem- after fruiting period to shape or keep medium; insert base of cutting 1–2" perature 32–90°F short; can be shaped into a small tree or maintained as a shrub, hedge, or into medium ELEVATION: 10–7700' espalier (on a trellis) GERMINATION TIME: 2–4 weeks SALT TOLERANCE: good (moderate at SPECIAL CULTURAL HINTS: male and female CUTTING ROOTING TIME: 1½–3 months higher elevations) plants are separate, although bisex- WIND RESISTANCE: -
Carmona Retusa Carmona Boraginaceae
Carmona retusa Carmona Boraginaceae Forest Starr, Kim Starr, and Lloyd Loope United States Geological Survey--Biological Resources Division Haleakala Field Station, Maui, Hawai'i January, 2003 OVERVIEW Carmona retusa is a popular ornamental plant cultivated in Hawai'i as a hedge or specimen plant. On Maui, C. retusa is observed in residential plantings, mostly in low elevation neighborhoods, such as Kahului, Wailuku, Lahaina, Paia, Haiku, and Kihei. Seedlings and naturalized plants are also commonly observed in landscaping areas and wild semi-wild areas nearby plantings. In one area in Waiehu, C. retusa forms a dense shrubby understory in a kiawe (Prosopis pallida) forest. This plant is fairly widespread on Maui and is probably beyond the eradication stage. Future efforts should be aimed at monitoring, preventing infestations in natural areas, and educating the public about harmful plants that spread beyond the confines of the garden. TAXONOMY Family: Boraginaceae (Heliotrope family) (Lorence et al. 1995, Wagner et al. 1999). Latin name: Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masamune (Lorence et al. 1995, Wagner et al. 1999). Synonyms: C. microphylla (Lam.) Don; Ehretia microphylla Lam.; Ehretia buxifolia Roxb.; Cordia retusa Vahl (Lorence et al. 1995; Bailey and Bailey 1976; GRIN 2001). Common names: Carmona, Philippine tea (Bailey and Bailey 1976), Fukien tea (Caine and Zane 2001). Taxonomic notes: The genus Carmona, also commonly known as Ehretia, is comprised of about 50 species of evergreen or deciduous shrubs and trees of tropical and subtropical regions of both the New and Old World (Bailey and Bailey 1976). Related species in Hawai'i: Neal (1965) lists Ehretia acuminata R. -
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory, -
Anchusa L. and Allied Genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy
Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana ISSN: 1126-3504 (Print) 1724-5575 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tplb20 Anchusa L. and allied genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy F. SELVI & M. BIGAZZI To cite this article: F. SELVI & M. BIGAZZI (1998) Anchusa L. and allied genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 132:2, 113-142, DOI: 10.1080/11263504.1998.10654198 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.1998.10654198 Published online: 18 Mar 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 29 View related articles Citing articles: 20 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tplb20 Download by: [Università di Pisa] Date: 05 November 2015, At: 02:31 PLANT BIOSYSTEMS, 132 (2) 113-142, 1998 Anchusa L. and allied genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy F. SEL VI and M. BIGAZZI received 18 May 1998; revised version accepted 30 July 1998 ABSTRACT - A revision of the Italian entities of Anchusa and of the rdated genera Anchusella, Lycopsis, Cynoglottis, Hormuzakia and Pentaglottis was carried out in view of the poor systematic knowledge of some entities of the national flora. The taxonomic treatment relies on a wide comparative basis, including macro- and micromorphological, karyological, chorological and ecological data. After a general description of some poorly known microCharacters of vegetative and reproductive structures, analytical keys, nomenclatural types, synonymies, descriptions, distribution maps and iconographies are provided for each entity. -
Bruxner Park Flora Reserve Working Plan
Bruxner Park Flora Reserve Working Plan Working Plan for Bruxner Park Flora Reserve No 3 Upper North East Forest Agreement Region North East Region Contents Page 1. DETAILS OF THE RESERVE 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Location 2 1.3 Key Attributes of the Reserve 2 1.4 General Description 2 1.5 History 6 1.6 Current Usage 8 2. SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT 9 2.1 Objectives of Management 9 2.2 Management Strategies 9 2.3 Management Responsibility 11 2.4 Monitoring, Reporting and Review 11 3. LIST OF APPENDICES 11 Appendix 1 Map 1 Locality Appendix 1 Map 2 Cadastral Boundaries, Forest Types and Streams Appendix 1 Map 3 Vegetation Growth Stages Appendix 1 Map 4 Existing Occupation Permits and Recreation Facilities Appendix 2 Flora Species known to occur in the Reserve Appendix 3 Fauna records within the Reserve Y:\Tourism and Partnerships\Recreation Areas\Orara East SF\Bruxner Flora Reserve\FlRWP_Bruxner.docx 1 Bruxner Park Flora Reserve Working Plan 1. Details of the Reserve 1.1 Introduction This plan has been prepared as a supplementary plan under the Nature Conservation Strategy of the Upper North East Ecologically Sustainable Forest Management (ESFM) Plan. It is prepared in accordance with the terms of section 25A (5) of the Forestry Act 1916 with the objective to provide for the future management of that part of Orara East State Forest No 536 set aside as Bruxner Park Flora Reserve No 3. The plan was approved by the Minister for Forests on 16.5.2011 and will be reviewed in 2021. -
Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales -
Cynoglossum L.: a Review on Phytochemistry and Received: 02-05-2016 Accepted: 03-06-2016 Chemotherapeutic Potential
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2016; 5(4): 32-39 E-ISSN: 2278-4136 P-ISSN: 2349-8234 JPP 2016; 5(4): 32-39 Cynoglossum L.: A review on phytochemistry and Received: 02-05-2016 Accepted: 03-06-2016 chemotherapeutic potential Kalpana Joshi Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of Kalpana Joshi pharmacy, Rudrapur-263148, Uttarakhand, India. Abstract The genus Cynoglossum L. contains about 75 species found in hot and temperate regions of Asia, Africa Deepti Mehra Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of and Europe especially in Taiwan, Turkey, India, Kenya and China etc. The plants are mainly perennial pharmacy, Rudrapur-263148, with wide uniformity in external morphology which makes it most difficult taxonomical genus to study. Uttarakhand, India. The plants contains mainly pyrrolizidine alkaloids of many types and used as traditional medicines by tribals and vaids for cough, burns, wounds, ear infection, antibacterial and sometimes as veterinary Neeraj Kumar medicines. Some plants of this genus are scientifically validated for antioxidant, antihyperlipidaemic, Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of antidiabetic, antifertility, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, analgesic and hepatoprotective activity. pharmacy, Rudrapur-263148, Uttarakhand, India. Keywords: Cynoglossum, pyrrozolidine, heliosupine, viridiflorine, heliotridine, echinatine Manoj Bisht Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of 1. Introduction pharmacy, Rudrapur-263148, The genus Cynoglossum L. represents about 75 known species distributed in Asia, Africa and Uttarakhand, India. Europe, 12 species in China [1] about 50 to 60 species in distributed widely in warmer and [2] [3] D. K. Sharma temperate regions of both hemispheres, 3 species in Taiwan , 8 species in Turkey but Devsthali Vidyapeeth College of recently revision in the plant list have increased the number of accepted species in this genus pharmacy, Rudrapur-263148, to over 86 species. -
Two New Genera in the Omphalodes Group (Cynoglosseae, Boraginaceae)
Nova Acta Científica Compostelana (Bioloxía),23 : 1-14 (2016) - ISSN 1130-9717 ARTÍCULO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Two new genera in the Omphalodes group (Cynoglosseae, Boraginaceae) Dous novos xéneros no grupo Omphalodes (Cynoglosseae, Boraginaceae) M. SERRANO1, R. CARBAJAL1, A. PEREIRA COUTINHO2, S. ORTIZ1 1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain 2 CFE, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal *[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] *: Corresponding author (Recibido: 08/06/2015; Aceptado: 01/02/2016; Publicado on-line: 04/02/2016) Abstract Omphalodes (Boraginaceae, Cynoglosseae) molecular phylogenetic relationships are surveyed in the context of the tribe Cynoglosseae, being confirmed that genusOmphalodes is paraphyletic. Our work is focused both in the internal relationships among representatives of Omphalodes main subgroups (and including Omphalodes verna, the type species), and their relationships with other Cynoglosseae genera that have been related to the Omphalodes group. Our phylogenetic analysis of ITS and trnL-trnF molecular markers establish close relationships of the American Omphalodes with the genus Mimophytum, and also with Cynoglossum paniculatum and Myosotidium hortensia. The southwestern European annual Omphalodes species form a discrete group deserving taxonomic recognition. We describe two new genera to reduce the paraphyly in the genus Omphalodes, accommodating the European annual species in Iberodes and Cynoglossum paniculatum in Mapuchea. The pollen of the former taxon is described in detail for the first time. Keywords: Madrean-Tethyan, phylogeny, pollen, systematics, taxonomy Resumo Neste estudo analisamos as relacións filoxenéticas deOmphalodes (Boraginaceae, Cynoglosseae) no contexto da tribo Cynoglosseae, confirmándose como parafilético o xéneroOmphalodes . -
Identity of Mertensia Oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and Its Allies in Western North America
Great Basin Naturalist Volume 58 Number 1 Article 4 1-30-1998 Identity of Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and its allies in western North America Ahmed M. Warfa Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Warfa, Ahmed M. (1998) "Identity of Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and its allies in western North America," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 58 : No. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol58/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Great Basin Naturalist 58(1), © 1998, pp. 38-44 IDENTITY OF MERTENSIA OBLONGIFOLIA (NUTT) G. DON (BORAGINACEAE) AND ITS ALLIES IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA Ahmed M. Warfal ABSTRACT.-The current status of Mertensia oblongifoUa (Nutt.) G. Don and its allied taxa is surveyed. On the bases of continuously coherent morphological characters and/or regionally correlated variations, more than 30 taxa, including species, subspecies, varieties, and 1 forma, previously considered different from M. oblongifolia, are now placed under synonymy of this species. Those taxa currently known as M. fusiformis Greene, M. bakeri Greene, and M. bakeri var. osterhoutii Williams are among the new synonyms. Typification, taxonomy, and morphological problems ofM. oblongifo lia are discussed. Key words: Mertensia oblongifolia, typification, Wxorwmy, morphology, allied taxa. Nuttall (1834) described and depicted Pul represents an important additional morpholog monaria oblongifolia from a collection ofplants ical feature in the taxon. -
Common Bugloss Anchusa Officinalis
Common bugloss Other common names: Common anchusa, alkanet, bee USDA symbol: ANOF Anchusa officinalis bread, ox’s tongue, starflower, common borage, orchanet, ODA rating: B and T Introduction: Common bugloss is native to the Mediterranean region. It was cultivated in medieval gardens and is now naturalized throughout Europe and in much of eastern North America. It's considered invasive in the Pacific Northwest. This herb has numerous medicinal uses as well as its historical use as a dye plant. Distribution in Oregon: The first report in Oregon was in 1933 from Wallowa County. It continues to be a problem in the Imnaha River Valley and other locations in NE Oregon. Description: A perennial herb, common bugloss flowers from May to October. It grows one to two feet tall. The stems and leaves are fleshy and coarsely hairy. Basal leaves are lance shaped while upper leaves are progressively smaller up the stem, stalk-less and clasping. It has blue to purple flowers with white throats and five petals. The fiddleneck flower stem uncoils as each bud opens. Its fruit is a four-chambered nutlet and each nutlet contains one seed. One plant can produce an average of 900 seeds, which remain viable for several years. Common bugloss is similar to blueweed, Echium vulgare and can be easily confused. The taproot produces a purplish red dye. Impacts: This plant invades alfalfa fields, pastures, pine forests, rangeland, riparian, and waste areas. The fleshy stalks can cause hay bales to mold. Large, very dense stands can occur, offering strong competition to native plant communities.