DOCSLIB.ORG

Identity of Mertensia Oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and Its Allies in Western North America

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Identity of Mertensia Oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and Its Allies in Western North America Great Basin Naturalist Volume 58 Number 1 Article 4 1-30-1998 Identity of Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and its allies in western North America Ahmed M. Warfa Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Warfa, Ahmed M. (1998) "Identity of Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and its allies in western North America," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 58 : No. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol58/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Great Basin Naturalist 58(1), © 1998, pp. 38-44 IDENTITY OF MERTENSIA OBLONGIFOLIA (NUTT) G. DON (BORAGINACEAE) AND ITS ALLIES IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA Ahmed M. Warfal ABSTRACT.-The current status of Mertensia oblongifoUa (Nutt.) G. Don and its allied taxa is surveyed. On the bases of continuously coherent morphological characters and/or regionally correlated variations, more than 30 taxa, including species, subspecies, varieties, and 1 forma, previously considered different from M. oblongifolia, are now placed under synonymy of this species. Those taxa currently known as M. fusiformis Greene, M. bakeri Greene, and M. bakeri var. osterhoutii Williams are among the new synonyms. Typification, taxonomy, and morphological problems ofM. oblongifo­ lia are discussed. Key words: Mertensia oblongifolia, typification, Wxorwmy, morphology, allied taxa. Nuttall (1834) described and depicted Pul­ represents an important additional morpholog­ monaria oblongifolia from a collection ofplants ical feature in the taxon. made by N.B. Wyeth in 1834 chiefly in the Machride (1916) also argued that M. oblon­ valleys of the Rocky Mountains, toward the gifolw had been misinterpreted. He examined sources of the Columbia River (corresponding fragments of a specimen in the Gray Herbar­ to present-day states ofIdabo and Wyoming). ium (GH) which were labeled, in Dr. Gray's As the Linnaean species of Pulmonaria hand, "M. oblongifolia Nutt.! ex sp. Wyeth! (1753) in Nortb America were placed within misit Durand 1861." He noted that pedicels of Mertensia (Roth 1797), P oblongifolia Nutt. these fragments were very sparsely hispid; calyx was transferred by Don (1838) into Mertensia. divided nearly to the base, the lobes 5 mm Except for a few additions, Don maintained long, linear-Ianceolate; corolla-tube glabrous Nuttall's description of P oblongifolia for his within, 10 mm long, limb 5 mm long; fIlaments species and was followed by de Candolle as broad and as long as the anthers; style (1846), Gray (1875), and Coulter (1885). slightly exceeds. He concluded that the mor­ M. oblongifolia was later treated as Cerin­ phological characters of the fragments and thodes oblongifolium (Nutt.) Kuntze (1891). Nuttall's description agreed perfectly. Williams Kuntze's contemporary botanists, such as Nel­ (1937:124) also reported the above-mentioned son (1899, 1900), Rydberg (1899, 1900), and fragments in his monograph: "a fragment Piper (1906), and subsequent workers on the marked in Dr. Gray's hand ... is prohably genus Mertensia (Macbride 1916, Johnston from the type specimen, Wyeth (G)." The word 1932, Williams 1937, Higgins 1993) have rec­ probably indicates doubt as to the identity of ognized M. oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don as the the fragment, and actually Williams' doubt correct name. In fact, Cerinthodes oblongifol­ leads to lectotypification ofthe fragment. ium has remained inadequately known since However, the key problems in this study Kuntze's time and seems never to have been concern the typification, taxonomy, and mor­ mentioned again in the literature under Mer­ phology of the species, questions that I have tensia species in North America. examined in connection with a proposed revi­ De Candolle (1846:91) pointed out that M. sion of the genus Mertensia in North America oblongifolia was one ofthe least known species (Warfa in preparation). of the genus Mertensia, but added no further Pulmonaria oblongifolia was described by discussion. However, de Candolle's report that Nuttall (1834:43) as follows: "Glabriuscula, caule the leaves were more or less pubescent beneath simplici erecto, foWs lanceolato-oblongis IMonle L. Beun Lile SdellCt: Museum, Brighiltn Young University, Provo, ur84602, USA (present address); 558 North Redwood Road #3-1, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, USA (permanent uddress), 38 1998] IDENTITY OF MERTENSIA OBWNGIFOLIA 39 obtusiuscuHs, superioribus acutis, floribus tubu­ apparently rejected by Rydberg (1922:732), loso-carnpanulatis paniculatis pedicellatis, caly­ who kept M. longiflora a separate species. cibus abbreviatis, laciniis linearihus acutis cili­ Rydberg's position was later supported by atis." Nuttall's description implies that he had Jepson (1925:842), Williams (1937:136), Davis seen a collection or a specimen with simple, (1952:592), and John (1956:348). Both Williams erect, and subglabrous stem, etc. In his foot­ and John not only recognized M. longiflora as note Nuttall reported: "Stem ... six to eight a species, but also recognized a number of inches; lower leaves commencing some dis­ synonyms under this species. However, the tance above the base of the stem ... and all status ofM. longiflora has remained at the spe­ more or less pubescent above; panicle formed cific level since then. ofaxillary approximating clusters offlowers ... ; M. foliosa Nelson (1899:243), erected from corolla bright blue; style somewhat exserted." a collection made by Evanston and again ten­ Nuttall thus explicitly stated that he studied a tatively identified and distributed as M. ablongi­ collection or at least a specimen with a com­ folia, was also placed in synonymy of M. ob­ plete habit "six to eight inches." His careful longifolio by Macbride (1916:18-19). Macbride examination of the position of the lower leaves placed M. nutans Howell, M. nevadensis A. above the base of the stem and other Nels., M. puhescens Piper, and M. nutans subsp. described features further confirms his posses­ suhealva Piper together with M. foliosa in syn­ sion of an entire specimen. Don (1838:372) also onymy of M. oblongifolia, making 3 new com­ mentioned a plant of 1/2 to 3/4 feet. Unlike binations: M. foliosa var. suheolva (Howell) both Nuttall and Don, Gray (1875:53), Mac­ Macbr., M. foliosa var. nevadensis (A. Nels.) bride (1916:17), and Williams (1937:123) appear Macbr., and M. foliosa var. puhescens (Piper) to have seen only the fragments of Nuttall's Macbr. Except for a few modifications, Mac­ specimen at the Gray Herbarium (GH). bride's synonyms under M. oblangifolia were 1 have seen Nuttall's plant collection at later supported by Williams (1937:123, 125, British Museum (BM) and the fragmentary 130). Contrary to Macbride, Rydberg (1922: specimen preserved at GH, the same scraps 732-733) treated M. faliasa and M. nutans as seen by Gray (1875), Macbride (1916), and different species from M. oblongifolia. Simi­ Williams (1937). The fragmentary specimen is larly, Tidestrom (1925:467) considered M. very poor, consisting mostly of dissected flow­ nevadensis, M. foliosa, and M. nutans subsp. ers and a single small leaf As correctly pointed subcalva entities of their own and recognized out by Macbride (1916), this fragmentary mater­ Pulmonario oblongifolia as the only synonym ial is in accordance with Nuttall's description under M. oblongifolia. and the type specimen. Besides Macbride's observation on the rela­ On the same sheet of the type specimen at tionship between M. oblongifolia and M. foli­ BM are 2 other non-type specimens. Although osa, Nelson (1909) studied the affinities be­ these 2 latter specimens were collected much tween M. fusiformis Greene and M. eongesta later and originate from different localities, Greene on the one hand, and M. bakeri Greene, they agree with M. oblongifolia. However, as M. laterifolia Greene, and M. amoena A. Nels. duplicates of the type collection may possibly on the other. Based on these affinities, Nelson exist at the Herbarium of Kew Gardens (K) established 3 new combinations: M. papillosa and/or elsewhere, I choose to desigoate the fWJifarmis (Greene) A. Nels., M. bakeri omoeoo specimen deposited at BM as a lectotype and (A. Nels.) A. Nels., and M. bakeri laterifolia the fragmentary specimen preserved at GH as (Greene) A. Nels. Nelson then placed M. papil­ an isolectotype. lasa fusiformis under M. papillosa Greene, The synonymy ofM. oblongifolio has a long, while M. bakeri amoena and M. bakeri laterifo­ complicated bistory. Mertensia longiflora lia were both placed under M. bakeri. He also Greene (1898:261) was based on a collection placed M. eongesta under M. papillosa, and M. made by Sandberg and Leiberg in 1893, tenta­ eaneseens Rydb. under M. bakeri. Nelsons com­ tively identified and distributed as M. oblongi­ binations and synonymy arrangements were folia. It was placed in synonymy ofM. oblongi­ apparently rejected by both Rydberg (1922: folia by Piper (1906:479), who was followed 734, 1932) and Tidestram (1925:467), who by Macbride (1916:18). This synonymy was treated M. bakeri, M. fWJiformis, M. amoena, 40 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 58 and M. la.te!ifolia as species. While Rydberg in this study. As a result of this review, I pres­ placed M. congesta under M. fusiformis, M. eutly treat the species M. oblnngifolia, M. bak­ secundorum Cockerell under M. laterifolia, eri, M. fusiformis, M. foliosa, and M. amoena, as and made nomenclatural transfer of M. well as most of their current synonyms, as a canescens into M. cana Rydb., Tidcstrom placed single morphologically variable but allied group M. paniculata Val: nivalis S. Wats. under M. (see Taxonomic Remarks and Variations). There­ bakeri. As did both Rydberg and Tidestrom, fore, M. oblnngifolia is the only species recog­ Williams (1937:100, 118) considered M.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anchusa L. and Allied Genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy
    Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology Official Journal of the Societa Botanica Italiana ISSN: 1126-3504 (Print) 1724-5575 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tplb20 Anchusa L. and allied genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy F. SELVI & M. BIGAZZI To cite this article: F. SELVI & M. BIGAZZI (1998) Anchusa L. and allied genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 132:2, 113-142, DOI: 10.1080/11263504.1998.10654198 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.1998.10654198 Published online: 18 Mar 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 29 View related articles Citing articles: 20 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tplb20 Download by: [Università di Pisa] Date: 05 November 2015, At: 02:31 PLANT BIOSYSTEMS, 132 (2) 113-142, 1998 Anchusa L. and allied genera (Boraginaceae) in Italy F. SEL VI and M. BIGAZZI received 18 May 1998; revised version accepted 30 July 1998 ABSTRACT - A revision of the Italian entities of Anchusa and of the rdated genera Anchusella, Lycopsis, Cynoglottis, Hormuzakia and Pentaglottis was carried out in view of the poor systematic knowledge of some entities of the national flora. The taxonomic treatment relies on a wide comparative basis, including macro- and micromorphological, karyological, chorological and ecological data. After a general description of some poorly known microCharacters of vegetative and reproductive structures, analytical keys, nomenclatural types, synonymies, descriptions, distribution maps and iconographies are provided for each entity.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Species of Special Concern and Vascular Plant Flora of the National
    Plant Species of Special Concern and Vascular Plant Flora of the National Elk Refuge Prepared for the US Fish and Wildlife Service National Elk Refuge By Walter Fertig Wyoming Natural Diversity Database The Nature Conservancy 1604 Grand Avenue Laramie, WY 82070 February 28, 1998 Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance with this project: Jim Ozenberger, ecologist with the Jackson Ranger District of Bridger-Teton National Forest, for guiding me in his canoe on Flat Creek and for providing aerial photographs and lodging; Jennifer Whipple, Yellowstone National Park botanist, for field assistance and help with field identification of rare Carex species; Dr. David Cooper of Colorado State University, for sharing field information from his 1994 studies; Dr. Ron Hartman and Ernie Nelson of the Rocky Mountain Herbarium, for providing access to unmounted collections by Michele Potkin and others from the National Elk Refuge; Dr. Anton Reznicek of the University of Michigan, for confirming the identification of several problematic Carex specimens; Dr. Robert Dorn for confirming the identification of several vegetative Salix specimens; and lastly Bruce Smith and the staff of the National Elk Refuge for providing funding and logistical support and for allowing me free rein to roam the refuge for plants. 2 Table of Contents Page Introduction . 6 Study Area . 6 Methods . 8 Results . 10 Vascular Plant Flora of the National Elk Refuge . 10 Plant Species of Special Concern . 10 Species Summaries . 23 Aster borealis . 24 Astragalus terminalis . 26 Carex buxbaumii . 28 Carex parryana var. parryana . 30 Carex sartwellii . 32 Carex scirpoidea var. scirpiformis .
    [Show full text]
  • Ctenophore Relationships and Their Placement As the Sister Group to All Other Animals
    ARTICLES DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0331-3 Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals Nathan V. Whelan 1,2*, Kevin M. Kocot3, Tatiana P. Moroz4, Krishanu Mukherjee4, Peter Williams4, Gustav Paulay5, Leonid L. Moroz 4,6* and Kenneth M. Halanych 1* Ctenophora, comprising approximately 200 described species, is an important lineage for understanding metazoan evolution and is of great ecological and economic importance. Ctenophore diversity includes species with unique colloblasts used for prey capture, smooth and striated muscles, benthic and pelagic lifestyles, and locomotion with ciliated paddles or muscular propul- sion. However, the ancestral states of traits are debated and relationships among many lineages are unresolved. Here, using 27 newly sequenced ctenophore transcriptomes, publicly available data and methods to control systematic error, we establish the placement of Ctenophora as the sister group to all other animals and refine the phylogenetic relationships within ctenophores. Molecular clock analyses suggest modern ctenophore diversity originated approximately 350 million years ago ± 88 million years, conflicting with previous hypotheses, which suggest it originated approximately 65 million years ago. We recover Euplokamis dunlapae—a species with striated muscles—as the sister lineage to other sampled ctenophores. Ancestral state reconstruction shows that the most recent common ancestor of extant ctenophores was pelagic, possessed tentacles, was bio- luminescent and did not have separate sexes. Our results imply at least two transitions from a pelagic to benthic lifestyle within Ctenophora, suggesting that such transitions were more common in animal diversification than previously thought. tenophores, or comb jellies, have successfully colonized from species across most of the known phylogenetic diversity of nearly every marine environment and can be key species in Ctenophora.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • CINDEX Index
    Index 2000-Feb. 2019 Actaea Ahlgren, Kathy (rose gardener), May A cordifolia, Sep 12:28 09:42 Aarestad, Paul, Nov 16:37 fall bloomer, Sep 18:15 Air plants, Jan 17:18, Nov 14:31 Abies for foliage, Sep 09:14 Ajuga balsamea, Nov 07:12 matsumurae, Nov 15:14 perennial groundcover, Jan 07:17 as Christmas tree, Nov 02:31 pachypoda, Sep 07:12 reptans, Jan 12:11, May 07:24, Jul 18:35 concolor, Jun 03:16, Nov 06:40 for shade garden, Jan 19:35 Akebia quinata lasiocarpa var. arizonica, Nov 06:40 racemosa perennial vine, Jan 18:19 varieties for northern regions, May 11:32 'Atropurpurea,' Jan 16:37 plant profile, Oct 00:10 for winter landscape, Jan 02:31 'Chocoholic,' Mar 17:24 vine for shade, May 18:44 Aby, Katherine (Master Gardener), Nov fall bloomer, Sep 06:12, Sep 12:27 Alcea 13:20 giant, Jul 08:40 heirloom, May 04:31, Jul 15:37 Acer naturalizing, Jul 06:28 for midsummer, Jul 02:14 anthracnose on, May 14:24 plant profile, Sep 11:16 must-have plant, Nov 07:38 'Autumn Spire,' Jan 01:30 for shade, Jul 09:16 rosea, Jan 04:27, Mar 00:37, Jul 08:40, dissectum, Jan 13:19 rubra, Sep 07:12 Jul 15:37 for fall color, Sep 02:25 simplex, Sep 06:12 rust on, Jun 03:18 foliar diseases, Jan 08:18, Mar 00:12, Apr Actinidia Alchemilla 03:10 arguta, Jan 11:38, Mar 00:8 mollis, Jun 04:45 ginnala kolomikta, Jan 11:38 splendens, Jun 04:45 fall color, Sep 02:25 vine for sun or light shade, May 18:44 vulgaris, May 04:31 fall standout, Sep 17:36 Aculeate, Mar 08:8 Alder, Mar 17:24 for hedges, Mar 02:13 Ada Garden Club, Sep 11:10 Alderman, William Horace native replacement for, Nov 16:12 Addison, Betty Ann (horticulturist), Jul 16:12 small tree, big impact, Feb 02:9, Apr beating buckthorn, Jan 18:36 Alexandria Garden Club, Mar 09:12 03:26 elevate your garden, Mar 18:30 Alien plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest
    United States Department of Agriculture Selected Wildflowers Forest Service of the Modoc National Forest An introduction to the flora of the Modoc Plateau U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region i Cover image: Spotted Mission-Bells (Fritillaria atropurpurea) ii Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest Selected Wildflowers of the Modoc National Forest Modoc National Forest, Pacific Southwest Region U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region iii Introduction Dear Visitor, e in the Modoc National Forest Botany program thank you for your interest in Wour local flora. This booklet was prepared with funds from the Forest Service Celebrating Wildflowers program, whose goals are to serve our nation by introducing the American public to the aesthetic, recreational, biological, ecological, medicinal, and economic values of our native botanical resources. By becoming more thoroughly acquainted with local plants and their multiple values, we hope to consequently in- crease awareness and understanding of the Forest Service’s management undertakings regarding plants, including our rare plant conservation programs, invasive plant man- agement programs, native plant materials programs, and botanical research initiatives. This booklet is a trial booklet whose purpose, as part of the Celebrating Wildflowers program (as above explained), is to increase awareness of local plants. The Modoc NF Botany program earnestly welcomes your feedback; whether you found the book help- ful or not, if there were too many plants represented or too few, if the information was useful to you or if there is more useful information that could be added, or any other comments or concerns. Thank you. Forest J. R. Gauna Asst.
    [Show full text]
  • Squilchuck State Park
    Rare Plant Inventory and Community Vegetation Survey Squilchuck State Park Cypripedium montanum,mountain lady’s-slipper, on the state Watch list, present at Squilchuck State Park Conducted for The Washington State Pakrs and Recreation Commission PO Box 42650, Olympia, Washington 98504 Conducted by Dana Visalli, Methow Biodiversity Project PO Box 175, Winthrop, WA 98862 In Cooperation with the Pacific Biodiversity Institute December 31, 2004 Rare Plant Inventory and Community Vegetation Survey Squilchuck State Park In the summer of 2004, at the request of and under contract to the Washington State Parks Commission, a rare plant inventory and community vegetation survey was conducted at Squilchuck State Park by Dana Visalli and assisting botanists and GIS technicians. Squilchuck State Park is a 263 acre park on the east slope of the Cascade Mountains in Central Washington, located largely in the transition zone between shrub-steppe and montane forest. Plant community polygons were delineated prior to the initiation of field surveys using or- thophotos and satellite imagery. These polygons were then ground checked during the vegetation surveys, which were conducted simultaneously with the rare plant inventories. All plant associa- tions were determined using theField Guide for Forested Plant Associations of the Wenatchee National Forest(Lilybridge et al, 1995) The Douglas-fir dominated forest above the lodge, on the eastern slopes of the park. The forest on this east slope is in places heavily overstocked and the trees supressed. Vegetation surveys and plant inventories were conducted by two field personnel (one bota- nist, one GIS technician) on June 11th, and again by 4 field workers on August 13 (two botanists and two GIS technicians).
    [Show full text]
  • Riverside State Park
    Provisonal Report Rare Plant and Vegetation Survey of Riverside State Park Pacific Biodiversity Institute 2 Provisonal Report Rare Plant and Vegetation Survey of Riverside State Park Peter H. Morrison [email protected] George Wooten [email protected] Juliet Rhodes [email protected] Robin O’Quinn, Ph.D. [email protected] Hans M. Smith IV [email protected] January 2009 Pacific Biodiversity Institute P.O. Box 298 Winthrop, Washington 98862 509-996-2490 Recommended Citation Morrison, P.H., G. Wooten, J. Rhodes, R. O’Quinn and H.M. Smith IV, 2008. Provisional Report: Rare Plant and Vegetation Survey of Riverside State Park. Pacific Biodiversity Institute, Winthrop, Washington. 433 p. Acknowledgements Diana Hackenburg and Alexis Monetta assisted with entering and checking the data we collected into databases. The photographs in this report were taken by Peter Morrison, Robin O’Quinn, Geroge Wooten, and Diana Hackenburg. Project Funding This project was funded by the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission. 3 Executive Summary Pacific Biodiversity Institute (PBI) conducted a rare plant and vegetation survey of Riverside State Park (RSP) for the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission (WSPRC). RSP is located in Spokane County, Washington. A large portion of the park is located within the City of Spokane. RSP extends along both sides of the Spokane River and includes upland areas on the basalt plateau above the river terraces. The park also includes the lower portion of the Little Spokane River and adjacent uplands. The park contains numerous trails, campgrounds and other recreational facilities. The park receives a tremendous amount of recreational use from the nearby population.
    [Show full text]
  • Mountain Plants of Northeastern Utah
    MOUNTAIN PLANTS OF NORTHEASTERN UTAH Original booklet and drawings by Berniece A. Andersen and Arthur H. Holmgren Revised May 1996 HG 506 FOREWORD In the original printing, the purpose of this manual was to serve as a guide for students, amateur botanists and anyone interested in the wildflowers of a rather limited geographic area. The intent was to depict and describe over 400 common, conspicuous or beautiful species. In this revision we have tried to maintain the intent and integrity of the original. Scientific names have been updated in accordance with changes in taxonomic thought since the time of the first printing. Some changes have been incorporated in order to make the manual more user-friendly for the beginner. The species are now organized primarily by floral color. We hope that these changes serve to enhance the enjoyment and usefulness of this long-popular manual. We would also like to thank Larry A. Rupp, Extension Horticulture Specialist, for critical review of the draft and for the cover photo. Linda Allen, Assistant Curator, Intermountain Herbarium Donna H. Falkenborg, Extension Editor Utah State University Extension is an affirmative action/equal employment opportunity employer and educational organization. We offer our programs to persons regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age or disability. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Robert L. Gilliland, Vice-President and Director, Cooperative Extension
    [Show full text]
  • Part 2 – Fruticose Species
    Appendix 5.2-1 Vegetation Technical Appendix APPENDIX 5.2‐1 Vegetation Technical Appendix Contents Section Page Ecological Land Classification ............................................................................................................ A5.2‐1‐1 Geodatabase Development .............................................................................................. A5.2‐1‐1 Vegetation Community Mapping ..................................................................................... A5.2‐1‐1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control ............................................................................ A5.2‐1‐3 Limitations of Ecological Land Classification .................................................................... A5.2‐1‐3 Field Data Collection ......................................................................................................... A5.2‐1‐3 Supplementary Results ..................................................................................................... A5.2‐1‐4 Rare Vegetation Species and Rare Ecological Communities ........................................................... A5.2‐1‐10 Supplementary Desktop Results ..................................................................................... A5.2‐1‐10 Field Methods ................................................................................................................. A5.2‐1‐16 Supplementary Results ................................................................................................... A5.2‐1‐17 Weed Species
    [Show full text]
  • Cordia Subcordata Lam. C
    Cordia subcordata Lam. C JAMES A. ALLEN Paul Smiths College Paul Smiths, NY BORAGINACEAE (BORAGE FAMILY) No synonyms Kou, sea trumpet (Corner 1988, Little and Skolmen 1989) The genus Cordia contains about 250 species. They occur in may begin within 3 to 5 years of age. The fruit is drupaceous, tropical to warm temperate regions throughout the world, almost round, green when young, and brown and hard at matu- with the greatest diversity of species in the Neotropics (Wagn- rity. The fruits (capsules) are approximately 2.5 cm long, and er and others 1990). Cordia subcordata is apparently native to contain up to four white seeds, each about 10 to 13 mm long. Malesia but has been spread throughout the Pacific and along The fruits can be collected from the ground or picked Indian Ocean shores. The species can be found on seashores directly from the trees by hand or with a pruning pole. Specif- and adjacent lowlands from east Africa to Polynesia. Cordia ic recommendations for storing C. subcordata seed are unavail- subcordata closely resembles C. sebestena L., a better-known able. Seeds of other Cordia species can retain some viability for species frequently planted as an ornamental along tropical and up to 1 year when stored in airtight containers (Mandal and subtropical coasts (Little and Skolmen 1989, Wagner and oth- others 1985), but sowing fresh seed is recommended. Because ers 1990). the seeds are very difficult to extract without damage, whole Cordia subcordata is a moderately fast-growing, small capsules are generally sowed. evergreen tree with a broad, dense crown.
    [Show full text]
  • Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, Version 2018-07-24
    Kenai National Wildlife Refuge Species List, version 2018-07-24 Kenai National Wildlife Refuge biology staff July 24, 2018 2 Cover image: map of 16,213 georeferenced occurrence records included in the checklist. Contents Contents 3 Introduction 5 Purpose............................................................ 5 About the list......................................................... 5 Acknowledgments....................................................... 5 Native species 7 Vertebrates .......................................................... 7 Invertebrates ......................................................... 55 Vascular Plants........................................................ 91 Bryophytes ..........................................................164 Other Plants .........................................................171 Chromista...........................................................171 Fungi .............................................................173 Protozoans ..........................................................186 Non-native species 187 Vertebrates ..........................................................187 Invertebrates .........................................................187 Vascular Plants........................................................190 Extirpated species 207 Vertebrates ..........................................................207 Vascular Plants........................................................207 Change log 211 References 213 Index 215 3 Introduction Purpose to avoid implying
    [Show full text]