Fern Gazette

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Fern Gazette THE FERN GAZETTE Edited by BoAoThomas lAoCrabbe & Mo6ibby THE BRITISH PTERIDOLOGICAL SOCIETY Volume 14 Part 3 1992 The British Pteridological Society THE FERN GAZETTE VOLUME 14 PART 3 1992 CONTENTS Page MAIN ARTICLES A Revised List of The Pteridophytes of Nevis - B.M. Graham, M.H. Rickard 85 Chloroplast DNA and Morphological Variation in the Fern Genus Platycerium(Polypodiaceae: Pteridophyta) - Johannes M. Sandbrink, Roe/and C.H.J. Van Ham, Jan Van Brederode 97 Pteridophytes of the State of Veracruz, Medico: New Records - M6nica Pa/acios-Rios 119 SHORT NOTES Chromosome Counts for Two Species of Gleichenia subgenus Mertensiafrom Ecuador - Trevor G. Walker 123 REVIEWS Spores of The Pteridophyta - A. C. Jermy 96 Flora Malesiana - A. C. Jermy 123 The pteridophytes of France and their affinities: systematics. chorology, biology, ecology. - B. A. Thoinas 124 THE FERN GAZ ETTE Volume 14 Pa rt 2 wa s publis hed on lO Octobe r 1991 Published by THE BRITISH PTERIDOLOGICAL SOCIETY, c/o Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 580 ISSN 0308-0838 Metloc Printers Ltd .. Caxton House, Old Station Road, Loughton, Essex, IG10 4PE ---------------------- FERN GAZ. 14(3) 1992 85 A REVISED LIST OF THE PTERIDOPHYTES OF NEVIS BMGRAHAM Polpey, Par, Cornwall PL24 2T W MHRICKARD The Old Rectory, Leinthall Starkes, Ludlow, Shropshire SY8 2HP ABSTRACT A revised list of the pteridophytes of Nevis in the Lesser Antilles is given. This includes 14 species not previously recorded for the island. INTRODUCTION Nevis is a small volcanic island in the West Indian Leeward Islands. No specific li st of the ferns has ev er been pu blished, although Proctor (1977) does record each of the species known to occur on the island. Proctor's records were largely accumulated from herbariu m specimens collected by R A Howard in 1950 and hi s own collections in 1959. In total he recorded 81 taxa. Collections by one of us (BMG) in 1988 and both of us in 1990 have added a further 14 species plu s 3 unnamed species of Th elypteris and 4 established garden introductions. Nineteen species recorded in Pro ctor were not seen by either of us on the island. The 98 native or naturalised taxa here recorded for Nevis are still low in comparison with the nu mbe r recorded for the two larger pri ncipal neighbou ri ng islands of St Kitts: 129 (Proctor 1977) and Monserrat: 117 (Proctor 1977). Nevi s is approximately 6 mi les from east to west and 8 mi les from north to south, a total su rf ace area of 36 square mi les. The whole island is dominated by the central mou ntainous core rising to 3,23 2 feet at Nevis Peak. About 9, 000 people live on the island mostly arou nd the coastal plain and especially in the west near Charlestown, the Capital. The central mountainous area is unpopulated and rarely visited by the local inhabitants. The climate is tropical with the temperature rarely falling below 20°C. The prev ai ling wi nds blow from the south east wi th most rai nf all at hi gh altitudes (more than 100 inches annually), particularly to the north west of the su mmit peak. Here, clou d frequently hangs all day in the remnants of the su mmit crater protected from the prev ailing wi nds and occasional hu rricanes, e.g. hu rricane Hugo in 1989. Rainf all is low (less than 40 inches annually) in southern and eastern coastal areas where semi-desert scrub has developed. Rodriques (1990) has mapped the vegetation of the island (see Fig. l) and found that less than 4 squ are mi les (624 hectares) of montane type forest exi sts on Nevi s. He has fu rther su bdivided this area into three zones:- Montane forest - 500 hectares, Palm break - 115 hectares, Elfi n forest - 9 hectares. Montane forest wou ld be at an altitu de of about 1500-2300 feet, palm brake from 23 00- 27 00 feet and the elfin forest from 27 00-3 23 2 feet. At the time of the 1990 collecti ng mu ch of this forest, especially on the wi ndward si de of the island, was still recoveri ng from the damage cau sed by hu rri cane Hugo. Low altitude species - less than 1000 feet There are few ferns naturally occurring below 1000 feet. Exceptions are Acrostichum danaefolium in mangrove swamps at sea level, and ferns of walls and dry rocky areas, e.g. Cheilanthes microphylla, Anemia adiantifoliB, Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos. Middle altitudes in dry evergreen forest- 1000-1500 feet In sheltered areas sev eral species tolerant of temporary drought are abundant, eg. Blechnum 86 FERN GAZETIE: VOLUME 14 PART 3 (1992) VEGETATION ZONES ON NEVIS L�i:ll DRY SCRUB WOODLAND -<RIPARIAN FOREST I:::::�:J DRY 'EVERGREEN' FOREST �!!� COCONUT PLANTATION t===3 MONTANE FOREST � MANGROVE WOODLAND rn CACT US SCRUB .ll1l1JI LIT TORAL WOODLAND QPALM BRAKE D URBAN,SUBURBAN AND AGRICULTVRAL � ELFIN WOODLAND FIGURE I. Vegetation zones of Nevis (after Rodriques, 1990). occidentale, Nephrolepis rivularis, Selaginella flabellata and on trees and ro cks Polypodium polypodioides, Polypodium aureum var. aureum and Polypodium lycopodioides. Montane forest - 1500-2300 feet Here tree-ferns are co mmon, usually Cyathea muricata and C.arborea, but occasionally in mo re sheltered areas at hi gher altitudes the mu ch smaller Cnemidaria grandifolia var. gr andifolia is frequent. The ground vegetation is ri ch in fer ns wi th Diplazium spp ., Tectaria incisa, Lonchitis hirsutus and many Th elypteris species lo cally do minant. The striking red yo ung fro nds of Adiantum latifolium are frequ ent in fo rest clearings and a problematical taxo n, probably also A. latifolium, occu rs occasionally on ro cks. In sheltered valleys on tree trunks and where rocks outcro p many species of filmy fern occur. Particu larly co mmon are Tr ichomanes membranaceum and Tr ichomanes alatum. Also on ro cks, bu t in mo re open si tes, Asplenium laetum, A. abscissum and A. cristatum occur occasionally, with in one co llection a problematical frond which might po ssibly be A.malcolm-smithii - believed endemic . to St Ki tts. Lomariopsis sorbifolia, Grammitis serrulata, Th elypteris reptans var. reptans, sev eral po lypo di aceous species and Vit taria Iineata also gro w occasionally on ro cks and trees. Domi nant flowering plants inclu de (after Ro driques, 1990) Sloanea truncata, Miconia spp, Dacryodes excelsa, Euterpe glo bosa, Beilschmeida pendula, Coccoloba pubescens, Aniba br acteata, Simarouba amara, Ceropia peltata and Podo carpus coriaceus. PTERIDOPHYTES OF NEVIS 87 Palm brake- 2300-2700 fe et In this zone several spec ies of palm ar e par ticularly common, dic ot yledonous trees also occur as do many ferns, although none appea r to be rest ricted to the palm break. All three tree-fern spec ies occur , Hym enophyllum hirtellum su bsp. gratum is abu ndant on many moss festooned trees together wi th Trichomanes alatum and T. crisp um. Also frequent are Polypodium Joriceum and Grammitis seminuda. Dominant spec ies of flowering plants (after Rodriques, 1990) are Euterpe gl obosa and Po docarpus coriaceus. FIGURE 2. Moss festooning branches in elfin forest. Elfin forest - 2700-3232 feet This zone is the jewel in the crown (See Fi gs. 2 & 3). In an are a perhaps only extending to 9 hectares seve ral of the more interest ing species are abundant. Gleichenia furcatata ngle d with Dicranopteris pectinata swamp many of the more exposed ridges and invade to some extent the tiny areas of su mmit he aths where Lycopodium cern uum var. dussii is common. In the de nse almost impenetrable forest all br anches, creeper s and tree trunks are thickly festoon ed with mosses, bromeliads and ferns. There appe ar to be no roc k faces as such and species from ge ne ra normally considered epipetric are common in these festoons, eg Hymenophy/Jum elegans, Grammitis scrrulata, G. flabelliformis and G. suspensa. Particularly conspicuous amon g these cpiphytic fe rns is Blechnum binervacum with it s arching fronds spirall ing from the thick sc aley rhizomes, climbing arou nd the stems of CyatiJea arborea. Also magnificent is the terrestrial Thelyptcris decussata with fronds up to 3 metres in le ngt h. Blec.hnum ryanii and Cnemidaria graadifolia var. grandifolia are abu ndant, while growing on the da rk fore st floorLindsaea quadrangularissu bsp. antillensisand Trichomanes trigonum var. trigonum are frequent . The fronds of this filmy fe rn grow erect to a he ight of 30 or 40 cm and are remarkably tough de spite their filmy nature. Less spec tacular, bu t of gr eater significance, is The/yp teris muscicola which occurs only rarely ri ght at the summit of Nevis Pe ak. This species grows nowhere else in the world. Dominant species of flowering plants (after Rodriques, 1990) are Euterpe glo bosa, Ficus sp ., Cli demia umbrasa and Po docarpus coriaceus. 88 FERN GAZETTE: VOLUME 14 PART 3 (1992) FIGURE 3. Cyathea arborea dominating the elfin forest at the summit. SPECIES LIST Most determinations have been confirmed by Dr Dennis Adams. Species recorded in Pr octor (1977) have been incorpor ated to give a list of the ferns of Nevis as comprehensive as possib le at the present time. Or der and nomencl ature is usually as in Fl ora of the Lesser Antilles - Pt eridophyta (1977) by G R Proctor . Where differ ent, old names are given in brackets. Common names are taken from Jones (1987). Entries of introduced species are preceded by an *.
Recommended publications
  • Lista Anotada De La Taxonomía Supraespecífica De Helechos De Guatemala Elaborada Por Jorge Jiménez
    Documento suplementario Lista anotada de la taxonomía supraespecífica de helechos de Guatemala Elaborada por Jorge Jiménez. Junio de 2019. [email protected] Clase Equisetopsida C. Agardh α.. Subclase Equisetidae Warm. I. Órden Equisetales DC. ex Bercht. & J. Presl a. Familia Equisetaceae Michx. ex DC. 1. Equisetum L., tres especies, dos híbridos. β.. Subclase Ophioglossidae Klinge II. Órden Psilotales Prantl b. Familia Psilotaceae J.W. Griff. & Henfr. 2. Psilotum Sw., dos especies. III. Órden Ophioglossales Link c. Familia Ophioglossaceae Martinov c1. Subfamilia Ophioglossoideae C. Presl 3. Cheiroglossa C. Presl, una especie. 4. Ophioglossum L., cuatro especies. c2. Subfamilia Botrychioideae C. Presl 5. Botrychium Sw., tres especies. 6. Botrypus Michx., una especie. γ. Subclase Marattiidae Klinge IV. Órden Marattiales Link d. Familia Marattiaceae Kaulf. 7. Danaea Sm., tres especies. 8. Marattia Sw., cuatro especies. δ. Subclase Polypodiidae Cronquist, Takht. & W. Zimm. V. Órden Osmundales Link e. Familia Osmundaceae Martinov 9. Osmunda L., una especie. 10. Osmundastrum C. Presl, una especie. VI. Órden Hymenophyllales A.B. Frank f. Familia Hymenophyllaceae Mart. f1. Subfamilia Trichomanoideae C. Presl 11. Abrodictyum C. Presl, una especie. 12. Didymoglossum Desv., nueve especies. 13. Polyphlebium Copel., cuatro especies. 14. Trichomanes L., nueve especies. 15. Vandenboschia Copel., tres especies. f2. Subfamilia Hymenophylloideae Burnett 16. Hymenophyllum Sm., 23 especies. VII. Órden Gleicheniales Schimp. g. Familia Gleicheniaceae C. Presl 17. Dicranopteris Bernh., una especie. 18. Diplopterygium (Diels) Nakai, una especie. 19. Gleichenella Ching, una especie. 20. Sticherus C. Presl, cuatro especies. VIII. Órden Schizaeales Schimp. h. Familia Lygodiaceae M. Roem. 21. Lygodium Sw., tres especies. i. Familia Schizaeaceae Kaulf. 22.
    [Show full text]
  • Staghorn Fern - Platycerium Bifurcatum Platycerium Bifurcatum Is an Amazing Fern That Is Native to Eastern Australia
    Staghorn Fern - Platycerium bifurcatum Platycerium bifurcatum is an amazing fern that is native to eastern Australia. It is one of eighteen species in the Platycerium genus, all of whom share a very dramatic, sculptural style. At first glance, most observers would not recognize these plants as ferns at all, since they are anything but ferny! Instead, the fronds of these beautiful, silvery green stunners resemble the antlers of elk or deer, which is why they have earned the common name of Staghorn or Elkhorn Fern. The resemblance is only heightened by the fact that they are epiphytes and grow outwards as if a large buck had left his rack hanging there. Platycerium bifurctum can easily be grown outdoors in subtropical gardens, but here in St. Louis we can imitate their native environment by mounting them on wooden plaques that can be brought indoors once the temperatures begin to cool. These plaques make striking decorations for a porch or patio. Learn how to craft your own on the next page. a few words on the anatomy of a staghorn • Staghorn ferns are epiphytes, clinging and growing vertically on tall trees or rock surfaces. They derive moisture and nutrients from the air and rain, supplemented by the plant debris that accumulates around their anchoring structures. • While the anchors for most epiphytes (such as orchids and bromeliads) are aerial roots or rhizomes, staghorn ferns add a covering layer of thick, spongy fronds that make a basket or inverted plate-like structure over the short, creeping rhizomes, providing a rooting media for the arching foliage fronds.
    [Show full text]
  • Ctenophore Relationships and Their Placement As the Sister Group to All Other Animals
    ARTICLES DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0331-3 Ctenophore relationships and their placement as the sister group to all other animals Nathan V. Whelan 1,2*, Kevin M. Kocot3, Tatiana P. Moroz4, Krishanu Mukherjee4, Peter Williams4, Gustav Paulay5, Leonid L. Moroz 4,6* and Kenneth M. Halanych 1* Ctenophora, comprising approximately 200 described species, is an important lineage for understanding metazoan evolution and is of great ecological and economic importance. Ctenophore diversity includes species with unique colloblasts used for prey capture, smooth and striated muscles, benthic and pelagic lifestyles, and locomotion with ciliated paddles or muscular propul- sion. However, the ancestral states of traits are debated and relationships among many lineages are unresolved. Here, using 27 newly sequenced ctenophore transcriptomes, publicly available data and methods to control systematic error, we establish the placement of Ctenophora as the sister group to all other animals and refine the phylogenetic relationships within ctenophores. Molecular clock analyses suggest modern ctenophore diversity originated approximately 350 million years ago ± 88 million years, conflicting with previous hypotheses, which suggest it originated approximately 65 million years ago. We recover Euplokamis dunlapae—a species with striated muscles—as the sister lineage to other sampled ctenophores. Ancestral state reconstruction shows that the most recent common ancestor of extant ctenophores was pelagic, possessed tentacles, was bio- luminescent and did not have separate sexes. Our results imply at least two transitions from a pelagic to benthic lifestyle within Ctenophora, suggesting that such transitions were more common in animal diversification than previously thought. tenophores, or comb jellies, have successfully colonized from species across most of the known phylogenetic diversity of nearly every marine environment and can be key species in Ctenophora.
    [Show full text]
  • Australia Lacks Stem Succulents but Is It Depauperate in Plants With
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Australia lacks stem succulents but is it depauperate in plants with crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)? 1,2 3 3 Joseph AM Holtum , Lillian P Hancock , Erika J Edwards , 4 5 6 Michael D Crisp , Darren M Crayn , Rowan Sage and 2 Klaus Winter In the flora of Australia, the driest vegetated continent, [1,2,3]. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a water- crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), the most water-use use efficient form of photosynthesis typically associated efficient form of photosynthesis, is documented in only 0.6% of with leaf and stem succulence, also appears poorly repre- native species. Most are epiphytes and only seven terrestrial. sented in Australia. If 6% of vascular plants worldwide However, much of Australia is unsurveyed, and carbon isotope exhibit CAM [4], Australia should host 1300 CAM signature, commonly used to assess photosynthetic pathway species [5]. At present CAM has been documented in diversity, does not distinguish between plants with low-levels of only 120 named species (Table 1). Most are epiphytes, a CAM and C3 plants. We provide the first census of CAM for the mere seven are terrestrial. Australian flora and suggest that the real frequency of CAM in the flora is double that currently known, with the number of Ellenberg [2] suggested that rainfall in arid Australia is too terrestrial CAM species probably 10-fold greater. Still unpredictable to support the massive water-storing suc- unresolved is the question why the large stem-succulent life — culent life-form found amongst cacti, agaves and form is absent from the native Australian flora even though euphorbs.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity of Mertensia Oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and Its Allies in Western North America
    Great Basin Naturalist Volume 58 Number 1 Article 4 1-30-1998 Identity of Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and its allies in western North America Ahmed M. Warfa Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn Recommended Citation Warfa, Ahmed M. (1998) "Identity of Mertensia oblongifolia (Nutt.) G. Don (Boraginaceae) and its allies in western North America," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 58 : No. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol58/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Great Basin Naturalist 58(1), © 1998, pp. 38-44 IDENTITY OF MERTENSIA OBLONGIFOLIA (NUTT) G. DON (BORAGINACEAE) AND ITS ALLIES IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA Ahmed M. Warfal ABSTRACT.-The current status of Mertensia oblongifoUa (Nutt.) G. Don and its allied taxa is surveyed. On the bases of continuously coherent morphological characters and/or regionally correlated variations, more than 30 taxa, including species, subspecies, varieties, and 1 forma, previously considered different from M. oblongifolia, are now placed under synonymy of this species. Those taxa currently known as M. fusiformis Greene, M. bakeri Greene, and M. bakeri var. osterhoutii Williams are among the new synonyms. Typification, taxonomy, and morphological problems ofM. oblongifo­ lia are discussed. Key words: Mertensia oblongifolia, typification, Wxorwmy, morphology, allied taxa. Nuttall (1834) described and depicted Pul­ represents an important additional morpholog­ monaria oblongifolia from a collection ofplants ical feature in the taxon.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeographic Analysis and Key to the Genera of Ferns and Lycophytes Of
    GENERA OF FERNS AND LYCOPHYTES OF MBURUCUYÁ N. P. 49 REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 86: 49-61, 2013 © Sociedad de Biología de Chile RESEARCH ARTICLE Biogeographic analysis and key to the genera of ferns and lycophytes of Mburucuyá National Park, Corrientes, Argentina Análisis biogeográfi co y clave de géneros de los helechos y licofi tos del Parque Nacional Mburucuyá, Corrientes, Argentina ESTEBAN I. MEZA-TORRES1,*, ELÍAS R. DE LA SOTA2 & MARÍA S. FERRUCCI1 1Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, C.C. 209, C.P. 3400, Corrientes, Argentina 2Cátedra de Morfología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, UNLP, Paseo del Bosque s/n, B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina *Autor correspondiente: [email protected] ABSTRACT The diversity of ferns and lycophytes of Corrientes province, Argentina is not well understood. Our fi eld work in the Mburucuyá National Park in Corrientes province as well as a literature review fi nds 29 genera and 48 infrageneric taxa of ferns and lycophytes for this Park. A comparison of the Park’s species diversity with other protected areas in northeastern Argentina using Jaccard’s similarity coeffi cient and the infrageneric taxa biodiversity index proposed by Squeo et al. (1998) are analized. A key to the Park’s ferns and lycophytes genera is provided. Key words: Floristic diversity, monilophytes, protected area, pteridophytes. RESUMEN El Parque Nacional Mburucuyá, cuenta con una superfi cie de 176.80 km2, se encuentra en la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina, dentro de una región ecotonal entre los dominios Chaqueños y Amazónicos. En esta área se registraron 29 géneros y 48 taxones infragenéricos de helechos y liocófi tos fueron registrados.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsorum 3 Tohieaense (Polypodiaceae)
    Systematic Botany (2018), 43(2): pp. 397–413 © Copyright 2018 by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists DOI 10.1600/036364418X697166 Date of publication June 21, 2018 Microsorum 3 tohieaense (Polypodiaceae), a New Hybrid Fern from French Polynesia, with Implications for the Taxonomy of Microsorum Joel H. Nitta,1,2,3 Saad Amer,1 and Charles C. Davis1 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA 2Current address: Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Japan, 305-0005 3Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Communicating Editor: Alejandra Vasco Abstract—A new hybrid microsoroid fern, Microsorum 3 tohieaense (Microsorum commutatum 3 Microsorum membranifolium) from Moorea, French Polynesia is described based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Microsorum 3 tohieaense can be distinguished from other French Polynesian Microsorum by the combination of sori that are distributed more or less in a single line between the costae and margins, apical pinna wider than lateral pinnae, and round rhizome scales with entire margins. Genetic evidence is also presented for the first time supporting the hybrid origin of Microsorum 3 maximum (Microsorum grossum 3 Microsorum punctatum), and possibly indicating a hybrid origin for the Hawaiian endemic Microsorum spectrum. The implications of hybridization for the taxonomy of microsoroid ferns are discussed, and a key to the microsoroid ferns of the Society Islands is provided. Keywords—gapCp, Moorea, rbcL, Society Islands, Tahiti, trnL–F. Hybridization, or interbreeding between species, plays an et al. 2008). However, many species formerly placed in the important role in evolutionary diversification (Anderson 1949; genus Microsorum on the basis of morphology (Bosman 1991; Stebbins 1959).
    [Show full text]
  • New Species and Records of Tree Ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) from the Northern Andes
    Org. Divers. Evol. 6, Electr. Suppl. 13: 1 - 11 (2006) © Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik URL: http://www.senckenberg.de/odes/06-13.htm URN: urn:nbn:de:0028-odes0613-1 New species and records of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) from the northern Andes Marcus Lehnert Albrecht-von-Haller Institut, Abt. Systematische Botanik, Universität Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] Received 7 September 2005 • Accepted 6 December 2005 Abstract Four new species of Cyatheaceae from Ecuador are described: Alsophila conantiana Lehnert, Cyathea brucei Lehnert, C. mora- nii Lehnert, and C. sylvatica Lehnert. Range extensions are documented for Alsophila esmeraldensis R.C. Moran and Cyathea macrocarpa (C. Presl) Domin. Keywords: Alsophila; Cyathea; Andes; Colombia; Ecuador; Guayana Highlands Introduction The pteridophyte flora of Ecuador is one of the richest of most species. These advances enable us to resurrect in the world. About 1300 species have been registe- some species that had been united with others; they red (Jørgensen and León-Yánez 1999), including 177 also allow several new species to be described. endemic species (Valencia et al. 2000). Though mem- bers of the tree fern family were collected and studied New species frequently in the past (Tryon 1970, 1971, 1976, 1986; Gastony 1973; Stolze 1974; Barrington 1978; Conant Alsophila conantiana Lehnert, sp. nov. 1983; Tryon and Stolze 1989), new discoveries are (Fig. 1) still being made (Moran 1991, 1995a, 1998; Lehnert Etymology. This species is named for David S. Co- 2003, 2004). The complex taxonomy of the tree ferns, nant, Lyndon State College, Vermont, to honor his fragmentary collections, inadequate descriptions, and work on Cyatheaceae and especially Alsophila, from special descriptive vocabulary all contribute to our which my studies have greatly benefitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyathea Cunninghamii (Slender Treefern)
    CyatheaListing Statement cunninghamii for Cyathea cunninghamii (slender treefern) slender treefern T A S M A N I A N T H R E A T E N E D F L O R A L I S T I N G S T A T E M E N T Image by Mike Garrett Scientific name: Cyathea cunninghamii Hook.f., Icon . Pl. 10, t.985 (1854) Common name: slender treefern (Wapstra et al. 2005) Group: vascular plant, pteridophyte, family Cyatheaceae Status: Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 : endangered Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 : Not Listed Distribution: Endemic: Not endemic to Tasmania Tasmanian NRM Regions: Cradle Coast, North and South Figure 1. Distribution of Cyathea cunninghamii in Plate 1. Cyathea cunninghamii : habit Tasmania (image by Oberon Carter) 1 Threatened Species Section – Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water & Environment Listing Statement for Cyathea cunninghamii (slender treefern) IDENTIFICATION AND ECOLOGY black, dull, with numerous, very small, sharp Cyathea cunninghamii is a tall treefern in the tubercles. The scales at the base of the stipe are Cyatheaceae family. It has a slender trunk and papery, shiny, pale fawn to light brown (often small crown, and typically occurs along creeks with dark central streaks), 1 to 4 cm long, ovate in sheltered coastal fern gullies (Plate 1). to linear with hair-like tips (Figure 2). Recruitment is from spore, with plants reaching Lamina are dark green, sub-triangular to sub- maturity at an age of about 25 to 30 years. lanceolate, 3-pinnate with pinnae shorter near Cyathea cunninghamii may be recognised in the the stipe.
    [Show full text]
  • Northwest Plant Names and Symbols for Ecosystem Inventory and Analysis Fourth Edition
    USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-46 1976 NORTHWEST PLANT NAMES AND SYMBOLS FOR ECOSYSTEM INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS FOURTH EDITION PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE PORTLAND, OREGON This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. CONTENTS Page . INTRODUCTION TO FOURTH EDITION ....... 1 Features and Additions. ......... 1 Inquiries ................ 2 History of Plant Code Development .... 3 MASTER LIST OF SPECIES AND SYMBOLS ..... 5 Grasses.. ............... 7 Grasslike Plants. ............ 29 Forbs.. ................ 43 Shrubs. .................203 Trees. .................225 ABSTRACT LIST OF SYNONYMS ..............233 This paper is basicafly'an alpha code and name 1 isting of forest and rangeland grasses, sedges, LIST OF SOIL SURFACE ITEMS .........261 rushes, forbs, shrubs, and trees of Oregon, Wash- ington, and Idaho. The code expedites recording of vegetation inventory data and is especially useful to those processing their data by contem- porary computer systems. Editorial and secretarial personnel will find the name and authorship lists i ' to be handy desk references. KEYWORDS: Plant nomenclature, vegetation survey, I Oregon, Washington, Idaho. G. A. GARRISON and J. M. SKOVLIN are Assistant Director and Project Leader, respectively, of Paci fic Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station; C. E. POULTON is Director, Range and Resource Ecology Applications of Earth Sate1 1 ite Corporation; and A. H. WINWARD is Professor of Range Management at Oregon State University . and a fifth letter also appears in those instances where a varietal name is appended to the genus and INTRODUCTION species. (3) Some genera symbols consist of four letters or less, e.g., ACER, AIM, GEUM, IRIS, POA, TO FOURTH EDITION RHUS, ROSA.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeographical Patterns of Species Richness, Range Size And
    Biogeographical patterns of species richness, range size and phylogenetic diversity of ferns along elevational-latitudinal gradients in the tropics and its transition zone Kumulative Dissertation zur Erlangung als Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr.rer.nat.) dem Fachbereich Geographie der Philipps-Universität Marburg vorgelegt von Adriana Carolina Hernández Rojas aus Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexiko Marburg/Lahn, September 2020 Vom Fachbereich Geographie der Philipps-Universität Marburg als Dissertation am 10.09.2020 angenommen. Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Georg Miehe (Marburg) Zweitgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Maaike Bader (Marburg) Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 27.10.2020 “An overwhelming body of evidence supports the conclusion that every organism alive today and all those who have ever lived are members of a shared heritage that extends back to the origin of life 3.8 billion years ago”. This sentence is an invitation to reflect about our non- independence as a living beins. We are part of something bigger! "Eine überwältigende Anzahl von Beweisen stützt die Schlussfolgerung, dass jeder heute lebende Organismus und alle, die jemals gelebt haben, Mitglieder eines gemeinsamen Erbes sind, das bis zum Ursprung des Lebens vor 3,8 Milliarden Jahren zurückreicht." Dieser Satz ist eine Einladung, über unsere Nichtunabhängigkeit als Lebende Wesen zu reflektieren. Wir sind Teil von etwas Größerem! PREFACE All doors were opened to start this travel, beginning for the many magical pristine forest of Ecuador, Sierra de Juárez Oaxaca and los Tuxtlas in Veracruz, some of the most biodiverse zones in the planet, were I had the honor to put my feet, contemplate their beauty and perfection and work in their mystical forest. It was a dream into reality! The collaboration with the German counterpart started at the beginning of my academic career and I never imagine that this will be continued to bring this research that summarizes the efforts of many researchers that worked hardly in the overwhelming and incredible biodiverse tropics.
    [Show full text]
  • Fern Classification
    16 Fern classification ALAN R. SMITH, KATHLEEN M. PRYER, ERIC SCHUETTPELZ, PETRA KORALL, HARALD SCHNEIDER, AND PAUL G. WOLF 16.1 Introduction and historical summary / Over the past 70 years, many fern classifications, nearly all based on morphology, most explicitly or implicitly phylogenetic, have been proposed. The most complete and commonly used classifications, some intended primar• ily as herbarium (filing) schemes, are summarized in Table 16.1, and include: Christensen (1938), Copeland (1947), Holttum (1947, 1949), Nayar (1970), Bierhorst (1971), Crabbe et al. (1975), Pichi Sermolli (1977), Ching (1978), Tryon and Tryon (1982), Kramer (in Kubitzki, 1990), Hennipman (1996), and Stevenson and Loconte (1996). Other classifications or trees implying relationships, some with a regional focus, include Bower (1926), Ching (1940), Dickason (1946), Wagner (1969), Tagawa and Iwatsuki (1972), Holttum (1973), and Mickel (1974). Tryon (1952) and Pichi Sermolli (1973) reviewed and reproduced many of these and still earlier classifica• tions, and Pichi Sermolli (1970, 1981, 1982, 1986) also summarized information on family names of ferns. Smith (1996) provided a summary and discussion of recent classifications. With the advent of cladistic methods and molecular sequencing techniques, there has been an increased interest in classifications reflecting evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic studies robustly support a basal dichotomy within vascular plants, separating the lycophytes (less than 1 % of extant vascular plants) from the euphyllophytes (Figure 16.l; Raubeson and Jansen, 1992, Kenrick and Crane, 1997; Pryer et al., 2001a, 2004a, 2004b; Qiu et al., 2006). Living euphyl• lophytes, in turn, comprise two major clades: spermatophytes (seed plants), which are in excess of 260 000 species (Thorne, 2002; Scotland and Wortley, Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycopliytes, ed.
    [Show full text]