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Using freshwater KBAs for informing conservation and development policy and action in and

Results from the ‘Refining and validating freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) for Kerala and Tamil Nadu’ workshops

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) May 2014 (workshops: 3-14 March 2014, Keystone Foundation, Kotagiri, Tamil Nadu)

Funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) www.cepf.net

The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the European Union, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. A fundamental goal is to ensure civil society is engaged in biodiversity conservation. Contents 1. Key terms in regional languages ...... 3 2. Background ...... 6 3. Participants ...... 8 4. What is a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA)? ...... 9 5. Results of KBA delineation and validation workshops ...... 9 6. KBA data informing policy and action ...... 15 7. Recommendations for future work ...... 16 8. KBA data availability ...... 16 9. References: ...... 22 Annex I. Example of KBA data sheet – KBA ...... 23 Annex II. KBA trigger ...... 28 Molluscs ...... 28 ...... 28 Shrimps ...... 28 CRABS ...... 29 ...... 29 ...... 30 Annex III. KBA potential site champions and stakeholders ...... 31 Annex IV. Non KBA specific stakeholders ...... 34 Annex V. a) Conservation projects; b) Development projects relevant for KBA data ...... 37

Citation: IUCN. 2014. Using freshwater KBAs for informing conservation and development policy and action in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Results from the ‘Refining and validating freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) for Kerala and Tamil Nadu’ workshops, May 2014. IUCN, Cambridge, UK.

Photo on cover page: Water Falls, Tamil Nadu (in the Moyar KBA)

If you have any questions regarding the data and outputs presented in this report, please contact the IUCN Freshwater Biodiversity Unit ([email protected])

1. Key terms in regional languages Translators: - Sreedhar Vijayakrishan; Tamil - P. Jeganathan; Kannada - Sanjay Gubbi; Hindi - Sameer Kumar Pati.

Kerala Tamil Nadu Hindi (Malayalam) (Tamil) (Kannada) Biodiversity fêÀªÉÊ«zsÀå Aquatic plants ൾ ¤Ãj£À°è ¨É¼ÉAiÀÄĪÀ VqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ Freshwater ¹»¤Ãj£À «ÄãÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ൾ Molluscs ªÀÄÈzÀéAVUÀ¼ÀÄ Odonata ( & MqÉÆ£Ál (KgÉÆÃ¥ÉèÃ£ï – ) amÉÖ & qÁªÀiï¸É¯ïì)

Shrimps ൻ ¹ÃUÀr Crabs Kr IUCN Red List of LAiÀÄĹJ£ï PÉA¥ÀÄ Threatened Species ¥ÀnÖAiÀÄ°ègÀĪÀ C¥ÁAiÀÄPÉÆ̼ÀUÁzÀ ¥Àæ¨sÉÃzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

Critically Endangered ർ wêÀæªÁV (IUCN Red List Category) C½«£ÀAa£À°ègÀĪÀªÀÅUÀ¼ÀÄ (LAiÀÄĹJ£ï PÉA¥ÀÄ ¥ÀnÖ ªÀUÀð)

Endangered C½«£ÀAa£À°ègÀĪÀªÀÅUÀ¼ÀÄ

(IUCN Red List Category) (LAiÀÄĹJ£ï PÉA¥ÀÄ

¥ÀnÖ ªÀUÀð) Vulnerable C¥ÁAiÀÄPÉÌqÉAiÀiÁUÀ§®èAx

(IUCN Red List Category) Á (LAiÀÄĹJ£ï PÉA¥ÀÄ ¥ÀnÖ ªÀUÀð) Data Deficient ªÀiÁ»w PÉÆgÀvÉ

(IUCN Red List Category) (LAiÀÄĹJ£ï PÉA¥ÀÄ ¥ÀnÖ ªÀUÀð)

Freshwater Key ജല ¹»¤Ãj£À ªÀÄÄRå

Biodiversity Areas (KBA) fêÀªÉÊ«zsÀå ¥ÀæzÉñÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

ൾ (PÉ©J) (

Kerala Tamil Nadu Karnataka Hindi (Malayalam) (Tamil) (Kannada) KBA Criteria KBA PÉ©J ¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À

KBA Criteria ൽ PÉ©J ¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À Criterion 1: A site is ¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À 1: known or thought to hold MAzÀÄ CxÀªÁ ºÉaÑ£À a significant number of ¸ÀASÉåAiÀÄ°è ¥Àæ¥ÀAZÀzÁzÀåAvÀ one or more globally threatened species or C¥ÁAiÀÄPÉÆ̼ÀUÁzÀ other species of CxÀªÁ ¸ÀAgÀPÀëuÁ zÀȶ֬ÄAzÀ ªÀĺÀvÀéªÁzÀ conservation concern. ¥Àæ¨sÉÃzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß

ºÉÆA¢gÀĪÀ CxÀªÁ ºÉÆAzÀ§ºÀÄzÁzÀ ¸ÀܼÀ

KBA Criteria PÉ©J ¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À

Criterion 2: A site is ¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À 2: known or thought to hold ൽ GvÀÛªÀÄ ¸ÀASÉåAiÀÄ°è non-trivial numbers of MAzÀÄ CxÀªÁ ºÉaÑ£À one or more species (or ൾ (CxÀªÁ ¥Àæ¨sÉÃzÀQÌAvÀ infraspecific taxa as / PɼÀªÀÄlÖzÀ ¸ÀÆPÀÛ appropriate) of restricted ªÀVÃðPÀgÀt) ¤§ðA¢üvÀ ªÀ®AiÀÄzÀ ¥Àæ¨sÉÃzÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß range. ºÉÆA¢gÀĪÀAxÁ CxÀªÁ

ºÉÆAzÀ§ºÀÄzÁzÀ ¸ÀܼÀ

KBA Criteria PÉ©J ¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À Criterion 3: A site is ¤zsÁðgÀPÀ CA±À 3: ¸ÀÆPÀÛ known or thought to hold ൽ fêÀ¨sËUÉÆýPÀ WÀlPÀ CxÀªÁ WÀlPÀUÀ½UÉ a significant component of the group of species «ÄwUÉÆAqÀ ¥Àæ¨sÉÃzÀUÀ¼À ഉൽ UÀÄgÀÄvÀgÀ ¨sÁUÀzÀ that are confined to an appropriate UÀÄA¥À£ÀÄß ºÉÆA¢gÀĪÀAxÁ CxÀªÁ biogeographic unit or ºÉÆAzÀ§ºÀÄzÁzÀ ¸ÀܼÀ units.

KBA Focal Areas ൾ PÉ©J PÉÃA¢æÃPÀÈvÀ ¥ÀæzÉñÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

KBA Trigger species PÉ©J PÁAiÀÄð ¥ÉæÃjvÀ ¥Àæ¨sÉÃzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ

Kerala Tamil Nadu Karnataka Hindi (Malayalam) (Tamil) (Kannada) Conservation actions ¸ÀAgÀPÀëuÁ PÁAiÀÄðUÀ¼ÀÄ

ൾ Threats ൾ C¥ÁAiÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ Stakeholders കർ ൾ ¨sÁVÃzÁgÀgÀÄ

2. Background In 2013, CEPF funded IUCN to build upon the IUCN Red List Assessments of freshwater biodiversity (published in 2011, see Molur et al. 2011) by working with relevant stakeholders to identify and validate Key Biodiversity Areas for Kerala and Tamil Nadu (see Figure 1 for the project region). The aim of this project was to better inform conservation and development activities in the region by providing reliable and accurate data on important sites for freshwater biodiversity, and to identify policy (and conservation action) relevant opportunities.

To engage with relevant stakeholders and experts three workshops were ran in March, 2014 at the Keystone Foundation in Kotagiri, Tamil Nadu (details below in Table 1.). The first two workshops (‘KBA delineation & validation’ - one for Kerala and one for Tamil Nadu), focused on delineating the KBA boundaries and identifying the threats, conservation needs and ‘site champions’ (stakeholders) for the KBA sites. The resulting freshwater KBA’s of Kerala and Tamil Nadu were then reviewed at the ‘end use and application’ workshop, where opportunities for incorporating the KBA data into existing conservation and development planning activities, policy and other processes were discussed.

Table 1. Workshops

Workshop KBA delineation & validation KBA delineation & validation KBA end use & data Kerala Tamil Nadu application

Dates Mon 3rd – Wed 5th Fri 7th – Sun 9th Thu 13th – Fri 14th (3 days) (3 days) (2 days)

KBA delineation and validation workshop for Kerala © Kevin Smith

Figure 1. The KBA project region, defined by catchments delineated by the HydroBASINS sub-catchment layer (Lehner and Grill 2013) 3. Participants KBA delineation & validation - Kerala Left – right: Emma Brooks (IUCN); Sanjay Molur [back] (Zoo Outreach Organisation & IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate SG); Rajeev Raghavan [front] (Conservation Research Group & IUCN SSC Freshwater Fish Specialist Group); Anvar Ali (Kerala State Fisheries Department & Conservation Research Group), K.A. Subbramanian (Zoological Survey of ); Latha Anatha (River Research Centre); K.H. Amitha Bachan ( Hornbill Foundation); T.R. Vinod (Centre for Environment and Development); K.V. Jayachandran [front] (Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies); [back] P.O. Nameer (College of Forestry, Kerala Agricultural University); Neelesh Dahanukar (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research). Not in photograph: Kevin Smith (IUCN)

KBA delineation & validation - Tamil Nadu Left – right: Emma Brooks (IUCN); Priyanka Iyer (Zoo Outreach Organisation); Emma Steigerwald (Zoo Outreach Organisation); Keerthi Krutha [front] (Zoo Outreach Organisation); Neelesh Dahanukar [back] (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research); Sanjay Molur [front] (Zoo Outreach Organisation & IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate SG); Rajeev Raghavan [back] (Conservation Research Group & IUCN Freshwater Fish Specialist Group); Kevin Smith (IUCN); Unmesh Katwate (Bombay Natural History Society); K.V. Jayachandran (Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies); Varaprasadam Irudayaraj [front] (St. Xavier's College); K.G. Sivaramakrishnan [back] ( Natural History Society) ; Sameer Kumar Pati (Zoological Survey of India); Not in photograph: Shiny Rehel (Key Stone Foundation); A. Pragatheesh (EIA Resource and Response Centre)

KBA end use & data application Left – right: Antonia Cermak-Terzian [back] (CEPF); Emma Brooks [front] (IUCN); Priyanka Iyer (Zoo Outreach Organisation); Neelesh Dahanukar (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research); Sanjay Molur (Zoo Outreach Organisation & IUCN SSC South Asian Invertebrate SG); Rajeev Raghavan (Conservation Research Group & IUCN Freshwater Fish Specialist Group); Jack Tordoff (CEPF); Rohit George (French Institute, Pondicherry); A. Pragatheesh (EIA Resource and Response Centre); Sumin George [front] (Keystone Foundation); P. Jeganathan (Nature Conservation Foundation); S. Bharatidasan (Arulagam); Unmesh Katwate (Bombay Natural History Society); K. Mohanraj (Save Wetlands); Kevin Smith (IUCN); R. Prabahkar (Strand Life Sciences) Not in photograph: Bhaskar Acharya (Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment) 4. What is a Key Biodiversity Area (KBA)? The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is widely recognized as the most comprehensive, objective global approach for evaluating the of and species. It uses a quantitative threshold based approach to assessing extinction risk of species (IUCN 2012). KBAs arose through the need to similarly identify sites of global significance for biodiversity. Initially for birds (Important Bird Areas) and plants (Important Plant Areas) a set of standardised criteria and thresholds were developed to identify sites in a justifiable and transparent way. The criteria used to identify KBAs are based on Vulnerability of a site (which is the probability that the site will be lost in the future), and irreplaceability of the site (that is the spatial option available – in other words if it is lost from here where else could it be preserved), see below for a summary of the KBA criteria and thresholds for freshwater taxa (for more detail on the criteria, thresholds and methods used to see Holland et al. (2012)). So we see the most extreme example of these in sites such as those that qualify as an Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) site, these are single sites which contain an Endangered or Critically that occur nowhere else on earth.

Criteria used to identify a freshwater KBA (Holland et al. 2012)

Criterion 1: A site is known or thought to hold a significant number of one or more globally threatened species or other species of conservation concern. Threshold: The presence of one or more CR, EN or VU species will trigger the site as a potential freshwater KBA.

Criterion 2: A site is known or thought to hold non-trivial numbers of one or more species (or infraspecific taxa as appropriate) of restricted range. Threshold: A threshold value of 20,000 km2 should be applied for crabs, fish and molluscs and a threshold value of 50,000 km2 applied for odonates.

Criterion 3: A site is known or thought to hold a significant component of the group of species that are confined to an appropriate biogeographic unit or units. Threshold: To trigger qualification at least 25% of the total species from a specific taxonomic group must be restricted to the freshwater ecoregion in which the catchment is located.

5. Results of KBA delineation and validation workshops Before the stakeholder workshops, potential freshwater KBAs were identified by applying the KBA criteria with the IUCN Red List assessment data for freshwater fishes, crabs, shrimps, molluscs, dragonflies and damselflies, and selected families of aquatic plants (Molur 2011, IUCN 2013) using individual sub-catchments as the default ‘sites’ (sub-catchments defined by HydroBASINS, which is the most accurate global sub-catchment layer currently available, see Lehner 2012, and Lehner and Grill 2013). The results of this were used as the base data for the KBA Delineation and Validation workshops.

During the KBA Delineation and Validation workshops the following was discussed for each KBA, and recorded in a standardised data sheet. • Site boundary delineation - to determine if the KBA should be delineated as the single sub- catchment or merged with adjacent catchments to from a more logical management unit • Name the KBA site – based on major rivers or lakes in the KBA catchment • General site text description • Identify and delineate Focal Areas (if needed) – A Focal Area is an area (e.g. lakes, headwater streams or springs) within a freshwater KBA that is of particular importance for one or more of the KBA trigger species. For example it may contain all or the majority of one or more trigger species populations, or the only known spawning area or migratory route. It may be an area more suited to site scale protection than the wider KBA where catchment management could be required. • Confirm presence of KBA “trigger” species – A trigger species is a species that qualifies under the KBA criteria triggering the site/sub-catchment to qualify as a KBA • Protected Area overlap with KBA - Confirm/complete list of KBA overlap with existing protected areas and their management focus (is freshwater biodiversity adequately protected within PAs) • Identify threats - Identify main threats to freshwater biodiversity in the KBA • Identify habitats - Identify main freshwater habitats in the KBA • Identify conservation actions - Identify conservation actions in place, and propose new actions • Food security provided - Identify level of food security provided by aquatic resources in the KBA • Identify KBA stakeholders - Propose organisations to be “site champions” for each KBA (i.e. those who can undertake conservation actions) or those who are have an interest or impacting the KBA

In total 34 KBAs were identified, delineated and validated for Kerala and Tamil Nadu during the two workshops (see Table 2 and Figure 1), and an example of the KBA data sheet can be seen in Annex I. The resulting KBA network incorporates the ranges for 235 KBA trigger species (110 of which are threatened with extinction, 196 are restricted range, 10 are biome restricted) and can be seen in Annex II. In addition, a total of 132 potential site champions and stakeholders were recommended for the various KBAs (see Annex III).

All but one (Chennai Wetland Complex) of the freshwater KBAs overlap with the Western Ghats hotspot, however many have little or no coverage from protected areas (Figure 2). A number of the KBA focal areas particularly those in the upper reaches of catchments have some degree of coverage with protected areas, but others including all focal areas on the coastal areas of Kerala have no protected area coverage at all (Figure 2). The KBAs with the highest number of trigger species (>39) are the Upper Cauvery River (52 trigger species), (48), and the (47) all of which are in the upper reaches of the Cauvery River catchment. However the Periyar KBA, contains the highest number of AZE species (Alliance for Zero Extinction) meaning they are Endangered or Critically Endangered under IUCN Red List criteria and are restricted to a single site (Figure 3). Figure 4 shows the overlap of with existing (terrestrial) KBAs, showing significant overlap with the freshwater KBAs and focal areas in the upper reaches of the catchments. Table 2. Key Biodiversity Areas for the catchments of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, showing the number of KBA trigger species, Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) species and KBA Focal Areas for each KBA.

Key Biodiversity Area State* Trigger AZE Focal Areas species species Arkavati River TN 1 Nelligudda Reservoir and upper catchment Ashambu Hills KL 21 Bhavani River KL/TN 47 Chalakkudi River KL/TN 38 River KL/TN 38 New Chandragiri & Payaswini KL/KN 11 Rivers Chennai Wetland Complex TN 12 KL 14 Kabini River TN 48 Kuruva Islands Pookoda Lake Wetland KL 9 2 Kadalundi Wetlands Kaladi KL/KN/TN 12 1 Kalladayar KL 28 Kulathapuzha River and Ashtamudi Lakes Shenduruney Wildife Sanctuary streams Kallai Coastal Marshes KL 6 1 Kallai Coastal Marshes Kavvayi Wetlands KL 10 1 Kavvayi Wetlands Kodaiyar & Pazhayar Rivers TN 16 Kole Wetlands KL 12 Enamavu Wetlands Wetlands Thommana Wetlands Kunthi River KL 27 Kuttiyadi River KL 20 Madayi Laterite Plateau KL 12 1 TN/KN 39 Mudumalai Reserve streams Nila River KL/TN 29 1 Noyil River TN 13 Anaikatty River KL 31 KL/TN 24 Upper Pambar River Periyar KL 36 4 Periyar Lake and Stream System Periyar River in KL/TN 33 Pooyamkutty Santhampara KL 24 2 Panniyar Stream TN 9 1 Kalakkad River Upper Cauvery River KN 52 Upper TN 10 Meghamalai rivers Upper Vaippur River TN 8 Sivagiri Hill streams KL/KN 14 Aralam and streams Kallar Stream River KL 20 Lake & KL 30 1 Vembanad Lake Catchment *State – KL = Kerala, TN = Tamil Nadu, KN = Karnataka Figure 2. Freshwater KBAs delineated and validated during the Kerala and Tamil Nadu workshops

Figure 3. Freshwater KBAs showing the number of KBA trigger species and AZE sites

Figure 4. Freshwater KBAs showing the overlap with existing (terrestrial) KBAs 6. KBA data informing policy and action The aim of the KBA data end use and application workshop was primarily to identify policy and conservation opportunities for the KBA information and to develop specific actions (commitments) from stakeholders at the workshop.

During the KBA end use & data application workshop, the KBA data was reviewed and edited where necessary. Additional stakeholders (government, NGO and private sector) who were not specifically linked to an individual KBA were identified along with a non-exhaustive list of conservation and development projects that could benefit or be better informed with the KBA data (see Annexes IV and V). Also key policies that affect (either positively or negatively) freshwater biodiversity in Kerala and Tamil Nadu were discussed.

It is critical to note that the information gathered through these workshops, and presented here (and made accessible through the various data sources – see below) relies heavily upon the stakeholders involved in these workshops using the data in the ways agreed to below. In addition to the specific activities agreed, all workshop stakeholders who attended the KBA workshops have committed to use the freshwater KBAs to inform their work (where appropriate) and to engage with KBA Site Champions, other stakeholders and conservation and development projects where they can.

Specific policy and conservation opportunities and actions for using the KBA data were discussed after all the information presented above were identified. The actions agreed upon were a culmination of discussions to identify the most achievable activities considering the limited time and resources available to workshop stakeholders. The activities are grouped in to four groups; Local action; Environmental Impact Assessments; National level policy change; Mainstreaming KBAs into State and local policies (see Table 3).

Discussing freshwater KBAs for Kerala 7. Recommendations for future work In addition to the work identified to inform policy and conservation using the KBAs validated through this project (see Section 6, and Table 3), a key recommendation was to expand the freshwater KBA identification process for the whole of India, this will make the freshwater KBA concept and data more relevant and influential for national (and State) policy, and legislative processes. In addition, at the workshop it was recognised that the species Red List assessments which underpin the KBA network needs to be kept up-to-date (re-assessment of species, assessment of newly identified species), so that the KBAs reflect the findings of new research which is increasingly providing new records of species, identification of new species, and the local extirpations of species from sites. Funding to undertake all of this work needs to be identified.

8. KBA data availability All the KBA data (including the KBA and focal area GIS shapefiles, and individual KBA data sheets) will be made freely available through a number of different online sources, including:

- India Biodiversity & Western Ghats data portals (http://indiabiodiversity.org & http://thewesternghats.indiabiodiversity.org) - Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool (https://www.ibat-alliance.org/ibat- conservation/login) – KBA data will be made available when the database is next updated - World Biodiversity Database, Freshwater KBA datazone – currently under development, but a link to this new resource will be available on the IUCN FBU site when it is published (www.iucn.org/species/freshwater) - Zoo Outreach Organisation (http://www.zooreach.org) – contact them for data - IUCN (Global Species Programme, Freshwater Biodiversity Unit) (www.iucn.org/species/freshwater) – contact them for data

Table 3. Activities agreed by workshop stakeholders

A) LOCAL ACTION Result 1 - Empowered local communities participating in freshwater biodiversity conservation at select KBAs (focal areas/AZE sites)

LOCAL ACTION 1 - Strategy/actions Who are actors (incl. workshop Audience Format stakeholders) 1. Awareness raising of local communities and Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites) Panchayats Workshops (multi stakeholder) & breaking down stakeholders along with local organisations; Keystone; technical KBA data into local language education River Research Centre; Hornbill Foundation materials (e.g. manuals, guides, posters) Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites) Local NGOs As above along with local organisations; Keystone; River Research Centre; Hornbill Foundation Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites) Civil society / community As above along with local organisations; Keystone; River Research Centre; Hornbill Foundation Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites), Schools As above - additional of projects, field exercises Keystone; River Research Centre; Hornbill related to freshwater biodiversity etc. KBA data Foundation & ATREE/India Biodiversity would form a baseline for monitoring, and Portal along with local organisations general education material Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites) Other private or state stakeholders Depends upon stakeholder, includes multi along with local organisations (where relevant) e.g. forest departments stakeholder workshops - e.g. Forest Department KBA information would be presented in a more technical way 2. Capacity building of stakeholder groups Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites) Identify select representatives from above KBA data used to build training workshops in (understanding what they have, monitoring) along with local organisations stakeholders (e.g. youth clubs, women’s basic , ecology & monitoring; also and setting up of Peoples biodiversity registers and self-help groups) used to identify possible conservation actions (as mandated by the Biological Diversity Act 2002). 3. Setting up of the Biodiversity Monitoring Zoo Outreach Organisation (for AZE sites) Panchayats (primarily) plus other KBA data would be used to select Panchayats to Committees (every Panchayat needs to have a along with local organisations stakeholders as per guidelines set up BMC, also used to identify possible BMC as under the Biological Diversity Act conservation actions 2002, but not many exist). They are the bodies responsible for identifying and taking action on the ground or giving permissions to others (e.g. local NGOs to act), and they are the bodies that channel state money (via Panchayats)

B) ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (EIA) Result 1 - Amendment to EIA Notification that states that any EIA needs to refer to freshwater KBA dataset (e.g. for the 'Form 1')

EIA 1 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format 1. If data available for whole WGs - produce EIA Resource and Response Centre (with MoEF Meetings and report based on KBA data (ERC report on freshwater KBA data set - taken to Zoo Outreach Organisation) would just need access to maps and datasheets MoEF to ask if they will amend EIA online) notifications to include the need to refer to KBA freshwater dataset. This process would take years 2. If this doesn't happen - take report to EIA Resource and Response Centre (with National Green Tribunal File petition using KBA data (ERC would just National Green Tribunal Zoo Outreach Organisation) need access to maps and datasheets online)

Result 2 - EIA companies using freshwater KBA data (as baseline) for EIAs when developments take place within freshwater KBAs

EIA 2 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format 1. Make data easily freely available on line India Biodiversity Portal EIA consultants Want primary data (shape files - species lists) - link species lists to IUCN Red List. 2. Make KBA data available through published Zoo Outreach Organisation Scientists, plus other interested KBA maps and data sheet - with additional sources - through ZOOs Print (e.g. one KBA per stakeholders expert inputs to develop publications issues) 3. Provide information to Quality Council of EIA Resource and Response Centre (with Quality Council of India Letter/summary of KBA data India (who licence EIA consultants) on KBA India Biodiversity Portal & Zoo Outreach data, encouraging them to recommend its use. Organisation)

4. Email to all Indian EIA consultants regarding EIA Resource and Response Centre (with EIA consultants Email/summary of KBA data KBA data and why they should use it. India Biodiversity Portal & Zoo Outreach Organisation)

Result 3 - Ensure that developments that occur within KBAs (especially AZE sites and focal areas) are legally challenged based on freshwater KBA data (where appropriate)

EIA 3 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format 1. Challenge at the National Green Tribunal - EIA Resource and Response Centre National Green Tribunal Access KBA basins and associated data sheets project proponent based on inaccuracy of EIA from India Biodiversity Portal/IBAT/SACON (Form 1) (ENVIS) 2. Challenge at the National Green Tribunal - EIA Resource and Response Centre National Green Tribunal Access KBA basins and associated data sheets Expert Appraisal Committee decision (where from India Biodiversity Portal/IBAT/SACON they have approved a development - even if (ENVIS) EIA did include KBA data)

C) NATIONAL LEVEL POLICY CHANGE Result 1 - National level policy change - Wetland conservation act implementation (focused on KBA data)

NATIONAL POLICY 1 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format 1. Output analysis- What is a KBA? Breakdown Zoo Outreach Organisation, Kalpa Vriksh, 1. MoEF, 2. Department of Animal Policy Brief - restrict to 2 sides of coverage of KBA network within a) PAs, b) ATREE (Dr. Aravind), BNHS, WWF Rivers for Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (Ministry Forest Land (under management of Forestry Life, IUCN India, Madras Crocodile Bank of Agriculture), Ministry of Tourism, other Department), c) Revenue Land (under Trust, Wetlands International related government bodies management of Revenue Department)

Zoo Outreach Organisation, Kalpa Vriksh, 1. MoEF, 2. Department of Animal Power point presentation - 5/6/7 slides ATREE (Dr. Aravind), BNHS, WWF Rivers for Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (Ministry including links Life, IUCN India, Madras Crocodile Bank of Agriculture), Ministry of Tourism, other Trust, Wetlands International related government bodies

Zoo Outreach Organisation, Kalpa Vriksh, 1. MoEF, 2. Department of Animal Article into internal IAS public policy ATREE (Dr. Aravind), BNHS, WWF Rivers for Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (Ministry governmental journal - write on behalf of Life, IUCN India, Madras Crocodile Bank of Agriculture), Ministry of Tourism, other someone within government who could publish Trust, Wetlands International related government bodies it on your behalf NATIONAL POLICY 1 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format Zoo Outreach Organisation, Kalpa Vriksh, 1. MoEF, 2. Department of Animal Posters ATREE (Dr. Aravind), BNHS, WWF Rivers for Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (Ministry Life, IUCN India, Madras Crocodile Bank of Agriculture), Ministry of Tourism, other Trust, Wetlands International related government bodies

2. Incorporate information into existing SACON (ENVIS), Zoo Outreach Organisation 1. MoEF, 2. Department of Animal Website - expand their website to act as a websites: Output analysis- What is a KBA? etc. Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (Ministry platform for information, with increased Breakdown of coverage of KBA network within of Agriculture), Ministry of Tourism, other credibility a) PAs, b) Forest Land (under management of related government bodies. Also Forestry Department), c) Revenue Land (under accessible to all stakeholders management of Revenue Department)

Result 2 - Extend Wetland Conservation & Management Act 2010 to incorporate flowing waters

NATIONAL POLICY 2 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format 1. Analysis - What proportion of KBAs are Zoo Outreach Organisation etc. Include a sentence within policy brief rivers/other wetlands type? Produce a slide or two that can be used in presentations 2. Analysis - network of PAs over KBAs, Zoo Outreach Organisation etc. Include a sentence within policy brief proportion incorporating Freshwater management Produce a slide or two that can be used in presentations

D) MAINSTREAMING KBA’S TO STATE AND LOCAL POLICY Result 1 - Mainstreaming KBA to local land authorities

STATE/LOCAL POLICY 1 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format 1. Awareness of freshwater richness - ZOO, Local NGOs, etc (stakeholders captured Forest Department, Individual Wildlife Map, with data sheet in editable format (e.g. Presentaions, posters etc in 1st session), conservation research Wardens, Indigenous fishing Word, csv, html) institutions communities, Local Panchayats 2. Training for monitoring ZOO, Local NGOs, etc (stakeholders captured Forest Department, Individual Wildlife Editable data to incorporate into materials, (e.g. in 1st session), conservation research Wardens, Indigenous fishing can we ask Western Ghats portal to host it in an institutions communities, Local Panchayats editable format? Remaining compatible with iBAT etc) 3. Incorporate information into management ZOO, Local NGOs, etc (stakeholders captured Forest Department, Individual Wildlife Editable data to support training materials, (e.g. plan of KBAs in 1st session), conservation research Wardens, Indigenous fishing can we ask Western Ghats portal to host it in an institutions communities, Local Panchayats editable format? Remaining compatible with iBAT etc)

Result 2 - Management planning cell within the forestry department to incorporate KBA information within management and working plans

STATE/LOCAL POLICY 2 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format 1. Translating KBA results into appropriate IUCN, ZOO, Care Earth (TN), CED (Kerala), Management planning cell within the State specific report - same as high level formats for state and local policy. E.g. ATREE for Karnataka?, Sanjay Gubbi (NCF) forestry department analyses Conversation with Jayshree (Care Earth) to find (for Karnataka?) what format is needed for TN.

Result 3 - Engage with research units, e.g. NTCA within each project tiger area

STATE/LOCAL POLICY 3 - Strategy/actions Who are actors Audience Format 1. Translating KBA results into appropriate NTCA, at regional level Similar to above format

9. References: Holland, R.A., Darwall, W.R.T. and Smith, K.G. 2012. Conservation priorities for freshwater biodiversity: The Key Biodiversity Area approach refined and tested for continental Africa. Biological Conservation 148(1):167-179

IUCN. (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. Second edition. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. iv + 32pp. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlist_cats_crit_en.pdf

IUCN. 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2 www.iucnredlist.org

Lehner, B. 2012. HydroBASINS v1b. Global watershed boundaries and sub-basin delineation derived from HydroSHEDS data at 15 second resolution. Technical documentation.

Lehner, B. and Grill, G. 2013. Global river hydrography and network routing: baseline data and new approaches to study the world’s large river systems. Hydrological Processes 27:2171–2186.

Molur, S., Smith, K.G., Daniel, B.A. and Darwall, W.R.T. (Compilers). 2011. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in the Western Ghats, India. Cambridge, UK and Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, and Coimbatore, India: Zoo Outreach Organisation. https://portals.iucn.org/library/efiles/edocs/RL- 540-001.pdf

Annex I. Example of KBA data sheet – Periyar KBA

KBA PROFILE

National Site Name Periyar KBA delineation Catchment Focal area delineation Periyar lake and inflowing stream system (PLSS) for fishes; Periyar River in Idukki District for the plant species. Site description An AZE site that is composed of hill streams with associated reservoirs, surrounded mostly by primary forest and also secondary forest and spice plantations. The site is impacted by reduced flows from Periyar and alien invasive fishes. Management required at Yes catchment scale Management required at Yes focal area within catchment

KBA TRIGGER SPECIES

Group Species Crit. 1 Crit. 2 Crit. 3 Notes (Thr. (Range (Biome spp) km2) rest.) Crabs Vela virupa NA 2521 Yes Fishes Crossocheilus EN 4495 NA AZE species - Periyar lake periyarensis and stream system Fishes hughi EN 12172 NA Fishes Garra periyarensis VU 4495 NA Fishes EN 10294 NA Fishes Hypselobarbus kurali NA 6105 NA Fishes Hypselobarbus EN 2760 NA AZE species - Periyar lake periyarensis and stream system Fishes Lepidopygopsis typus EN 4495 NA AZE species - Periyar lake and stream system Fishes Nemacheilus keralensis VU 13129 NA Fishes Nemacheilus menoni VU 4495 NA Fishes Nemacheilus periyarensis VU 4495 NA Fishes Puntius ophicephalus EN 11935 NA Fishes Travancoria elongata EN 6355 NA Fishes Travancoria jonesi EN 11679 NA Molluscs Iravadia funerea NA 9683 NA Odonata Esme mudiensis NA 21199 NA Odonata Euphaea cardinalis NA 22114 NA Odonata Idionyx minima NA 17442 NA Odonata Idionyx saffronata NA 24819 NA Odonata Idionyx travancorensis NA 12146 NA Odonata flavocolorata NA 21648 NA Group Species Crit. 1 Crit. 2 Crit. 3 Notes (Thr. (Range (Biome spp) km2) rest.) Odonata Merogomphus NA 26458 NA longistigma Odonata Onychogomphus NA 27739 NA nilgiriensis Odonata Platysticta deccanensis VU 29167 NA Odonata Protosticta antelopoides NA 17066 NA Odonata Protosticta davenporti NA 17361 NA Odonata Protosticta hearseyi NA 40533 NA Plants Anaphalis beddomei VU NA NA Plants Anaphalis leptophylla VU NA NA Plants Anaphalis wightiana VU NA NA Plants Cyathea crinita EN NA NA Plants Dimeria hohenackeri EN NA NA Plants Farmeria indica EN NA NA Plants Fimbristylis dauciformis EN NA NA Plants Podostemum EN 5893 NA AZE species - Periyar river in munnarense Idukki District Plants Rotala ritchiei EN 10243 NA

PROTECTED AREAS OVERLAP WITH KBA

Name Designation Desig. Type Status PA management focus Periyar Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management Idukki Sanctuary National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management Western World Heritage International Inscribed No freshwater biodiversity Ghats Site management Megamalai Sanctuary National Proposed No freshwater biodiversity management National Designated No freshwater biodiversity management

KBA SITE CHAMPIONS

Kerala Forest Department Tamil Nadu Forest Department Periyar Foundation Indian AZE Conservation Research Group (CRG) Zoo Outreach Organisation Center For Environment and Development

KBA FRESHWATER HABITATS

Habitats (IUCN Classification Scheme) 5.1 Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks(includes waterfalls) 5.2 Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers/Streams/Creeks 5.7 Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools(under 8ha) 15.1 Water Storage Areas (over 8ha)

THREATS TO KBA

Threats (IUCN Classification Scheme) Notes 1.RESIDENTIAL & COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1.1 Housing & urban areas 1.3 Tourism & recreation areas 2 AGRICULTURE & AQUACULTURE 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops Tea plantation 2.4 Marine & freshwater aquaculture In ponds that escape into natural system, and stock in reservoirs 3 ENERGY PRODUCTION & MINING 3.2 Mining & quarrying Granite quarries 6 HUMAN INTRUSION & DISTURBANCE 6.1 Recreational activities 7 NATURAL SYSTEM MODIFICATION 7.2 & water management/use 7.3 Other ecosystem modifications River diversions 8 INVASIVE & OTHER PROBELMATIC SPECIES 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases Fishes 9 POLLUTION 9.1 Domestic & urban waste water 9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents 9.4 Garbage & solid waste

CONSERVATION ACTIONS FOR KBA

Conservation actions (IUCN In place Needed Notes Classification Scheme) 1 LAND/WATER PROTECTION 1.1 Site/area protection yes yes Site protection that exists is not focused on freshwater species. The AZE plant species also requires site protection 1.2 Resource & habitat yes Stream flow restoration below Periyar protection dam and . The AZE plant species also requires site protection 2 LAND/WATER MANAGEMENT 2.1 Site/area management yes Periyar PA needs focus on freshwater Conservation actions (IUCN In place Needed Notes Classification Scheme) species. Stream flow restoration below Periyar dam and Idukki dam 2.2 Invasive/problematic species yes for fishes control 2.3 Habitat & natural process yes Stream flow restoration below Periyar restoration dam and Idukki dam. 3 SPECIES MANAGEMENT 3.1 Species management yes For AZE species 3.2 Species recovery yes For AZE species 4 EDUCATION & AWARENESS 4.1 Formal education yes For all stakeholders 4.2 Training yes On species identification, harvest management and habitat restoration 4.3 Awareness & yes yes communications 5 LAW & POLICY 5.1 Legislation yes 5.2 Policies and regulations yes 5.3 Private sector standards & yes Implementation of Wetland codes (Conservation and Management) Act 2010 & Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974. 6 LIVELIHOOD, ECONOMIC & OTHER INCENTIVES 6.1 Linked enterprises & livelihood yes alternatives

FOOD SECURITY

Used for food security Score Notes 0 - None; 1-Low; 3 - High 1. Subsistence Optional/alternative 1 Essential staple 2 Emergency 0 Unknown 2. Commercial Local 3 Regional 1 National 0 3.Migrant fishers 0 Notes Fishes only harvested

OTHER Other biodiversity 15 species of Western Ghats endemic birds (out of 16) are found here, incl. 12 threatened species of birds. Protected areas The Periyar PA is also an IBA overview References 1. Arun, L.K. 1997. Pattern and processess of fish assemblages in Periyar Lake – valley system of Southern Western Ghats. Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi.; 2. Arun, L.K. 2001. Fish assemblage structure in Periyar Lake stream system. KFRI report.; 3. Bahir, M.M. and Yeo, D.C.J. 2007. The Gecarcinucid freshwater crabs of southern India (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 16:309-354.; 4. S.C. 1994. The high ranges. Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), New Delhi.; 5. Radhakrishnan and Kurup, 2010. Ichthyodiversity of Periyar Tiger Reserve. Journal of Threatened Taxa.; 6. Rahmani, A.R. and Zafar-ul Islam, M. 2004. Important Bird Areas in India. Birdlife International and BNHS.; 7. River Research Centre. 2013. Report on Monitoring of Fish Diversity of Rivers in Kerala. Kerala State Biodiversity Board, . 98 pp.; Acknowledgments Ali, A., Amitha Bachan, K.H., Anatha, L., Dahanukar, N., Jayachandran, K.V., Molur, S., Nameer, P.O., Raghavan, R., Subbramanian, K.A., Rehel, S.M. and Vinod, T.R.

Annex II. KBA trigger species KBA Criteria: Thr. = Criterion 1 (Threatened species); RR = Criterion 2 (Restricted Range); Biome = Criterion 3 (Biome restricted)

Molluscs Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria Iravadia funerea (RR) Paludomus sulcatus (RR) Paludomus annandalei (RR) Paracrostoma tigrinus (RR)

Odonata Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria Acrogomphus fraseri (RR) Lestes dorothea (RR) Burmagomphus cauvericus (RR) Macrogomphus wynaadicus (RR) Burmagomphus laidlawi (RR) Macromia bellicosa (RR) Caconeura gomphoides (RR) Macromia cingulata (RR) Chlorogomphus campioni (RR) Macromia ellisoni (RR) Chlorogomphus xanthoptera (Thr., RR) Macromia flavocolorata (RR) Disparoneura apicalis (Thr., RR) Macromia ida (RR) Elattoneura souteri (RR) Macromia indica (RR) Elattoneura tetrica (RR) Macromia irata (RR) Epithemis mariae (RR) Macromidia donaldi (RR) Esme cyaneovittata (RR) Megalogomphus hannyngtoni (RR) Esme longistyla (RR) Megalogomphus superbus (RR) Esme mudiensis (RR) Melanoneura bilineata (RR) Euphaea cardinalis (RR) Merogomphus longistigma (RR) Euphaea dispar (RR) Microgomphus souteri (RR) Gomphidia fletcheri (RR) Onychogomphus acinaces (RR) Heliogomphus kalarensis (RR) Onychogomphus malabarensis (RR) Idionyx corona (RR) Onychogomphus nilgiriensis (RR) Idionyx galeata (Thr., RR) Onychogomphus striatus (RR) Idionyx minima (RR) Phylloneura westermanni (RR) Idionyx nadganiensis (RR) Platysticta deccanensis (Thr., RR) Idionyx nilgiriensis (RR) Protosticta antelopoides (RR) Idionyx periyashola (RR) Protosticta davenporti (RR) Idionyx rhinoceroides (RR) Protosticta hearseyi (RR) Idionyx saffronata (RR) Protosticta rufostigma (RR) Idionyx travancorensis (RR) Protosticta sanguinostigma (Thr., RR) Indolestes pulcherrimus (RR)

Shrimps Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria Caridina gurneyi (RR) Macrobrachium canarae (RR, Biome) Caridina carli (RR) Macrobrachium elatum (RR) Caridina chauhani (RR) Macrobrachium gurudeve (Thr., RR) Caridina jalihali (RR, Biome) Macrobrachium indicum (RR) Caridina mathiassi (RR) Macrobrachium jayasreei (RR, Biome) Caridina natarajani (RR) Macrobrachium kunjuramani (RR, Biome) Caridina shenoyi (RR) Macrobrachium madhusoodani (RR, Biome) Caridina vithuraensis (RR, Biome) Macrobrachium prabhakarani (RR, Biome) Leptocarpus fluminicola (RR) Macrobrachium striatum (RR) Leptocarpus kempi (RR) Macrobrachium veliense (RR)

CRABS Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria Baratha peena (RR, Biome) Travancoriana pollicaris (RR) Baratha pushta (RR) Vanni ashini (RR) Cylindrothelphusa steniops (RR) Vanni deepta (RR, Biome) Gubernatoriana escheri (RR) Vanni giri (RR) Oziothelphusa biloba (Thr., RR) Vanni malabarica (RR) Oziothelphusa kerala (RR) Vanni nilgiriensis (RR) Oziothelphusa wagrakarowensis (Thr., RR) Vanni pusilla (RR) Pilarta anuka (RR) Vanni travancorica (RR) Snaha aruna (RR) Vela carli (RR) Snaha escheri (RR) Vela pulvinata (RR) Travancoriana charu (RR) Vela virupa (RR, Biome) Travancoriana kuleera (RR)

Plants Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria Anaphalis beddomei (Thr.) Lipocarpha raynaleana (RR) Anaphalis leptophylla (Thr.) Murdannia esculenta (RR) Anaphalis wightiana (Thr.) Murdannia lanceolata (Thr., RR) Aponogeton undulatus (RR) magnifica (Thr.) Brachiaria eruciformis (RR) Myristica malabarica (Thr.) Chara hydropitys (RR) Nitella mucronata (RR) Chara setosa (RR) Nitella oligospira (RR) Cyathea crinita (Thr.) Nitella pseudoflabellata (RR) Dimeria hohenackeri (Thr.) Nitella tenuissima (RR) Eriocaulon dalzellii (Thr.) Nitella terrestris (RR) Eriocaulon sivarajanii (Thr., RR) Notonia shevaroyensis (Thr.) Farmeria indica (Thr.) Nymphoides krishnakesara (Thr.) Farmeria metzgerioides (Thr.) Nymphoides macrospermum (Thr., RR) Fimbristylis crystallina (Thr.) Nymphoides sivarajanii (Thr., RR) Fimbristylis dauciformis (Thr.) Oreogrammitis austroindica (RR) Fimbristylis hirsutifolia (Thr.) Podostemum munnarense (Thr., RR) Fuirena swamyi (Thr., RR) Polypleurum filifolium (Thr.) Hydrocotyle conferta (Thr.) Rotala cookii (Thr., RR) Indotristicha tirunelveliana (RR) Rotala malabarica (Thr., RR) Ischaemum jayachandranii (Thr., RR) Rotala ritchiei (Thr., RR) Ischaemum vembanadense (Thr., RR) Scleria mikawana (RR) Limnopoa meeboldii (Thr.) Utricularia cecilii (Thr., RR) Lindernia manilaliana (Thr., RR) Utricularia wightiana (Thr.) Lindernia minima (Thr., RR) Willisia selaginoides (Thr., RR)

Fishes Trigger species KBA Criteria Trigger species KBA Criteria Balitora mysorensis (Thr.) Mesonoemacheilus herrei (Thr., RR) Barbodes bovanicus (Thr.) Mesonoemacheilus pambarensis (Thr., RR) Barbodes wynaadensis (Thr., RR) Mesonoemacheilus remadevii (RR) Batasio travancoria (Thr., RR) Monopterus digressus (RR) Carinotetraodon travancoricus (Thr.) Monopterus eapeni (RR) Channa diplogramma (Thr.) Monopterus fossorius (Thr., RR) Crossocheilus periyarensis (Thr., RR) Monopterus roseni (RR) Devario neilgherriensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus keralensis (Thr., RR) Etroplus canarensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus kodaguensis (Thr., RR) Garra hughi (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus menoni (Thr., RR) Garra kalakadensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus monilis (RR) Garra menoni (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus nilgiriensis (RR) Garra periyarensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus periyarensis (Thr., RR) Garra surendranathanii (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus petrubanarescui (Thr., RR) Glyptothorax anamalaiensis (Thr., RR) Nemacheilus pulchellus (Thr.) Glyptothorax davissinghi (Thr., RR) Osteochilichthys brevidorsalis (RR) Glyptothorax housei (Thr., RR) Osteochilus longidorsalis (Thr.) Glyptothorax madraspatanus (Thr.) Pangio goaensis (RR) Glyptothorax malabarensis (RR) Pseudeutropius mitchelli (Thr., RR) punctatus (Thr., RR) Pseudolaguvia austrina (RR) Homaloptera menoni (RR) Pseudosphromenus dayi (Thr., RR) Homaloptera montana (Thr., RR) Pterocryptis wynaadensis (Thr.) Homaloptera pillaii (RR) Puntius arenatus (Thr., RR) Homaloptera santhamparaiensis (Thr., RR) Puntius arulius (Thr.) brachysoma (Thr.) Puntius assimilis (Thr.) Horabagrus nigricollaris (Thr., RR) Puntius cauveriensis (Thr.) Horaglanis alikunhii (RR) Puntius chalakkudiensis (Thr., RR) (RR) Puntius denisonii (Thr., RR) Horalabiosa arunachalami (Thr., RR) Puntius exclamatio (Thr.) Horalabiosa joshuai (Thr., RR) Puntius kannikattiensis (RR) Horalabiosa palaniensis (Thr., RR) Puntius mahecola (RR) Hyporhamphus xanthopterus (Thr., RR) Puntius mudumalaiensis (Thr., RR) Hypselobarbus curmuca (Thr.) Puntius muvattupuzhaensis (RR) Hypselobarbus dubius (Thr.) Puntius ophicephalus (Thr., RR) Hypselobarbus kurali (RR) Puntius pookodensis (Thr., RR) Hypselobarbus lithopidos (RR) Puntius rohani (Thr., RR) Hypselobarbus micropogon (Thr., RR) Puntius sharmai (Thr., RR) Hypselobarbus periyarensis (Thr., RR) Puntius tambraparniei (Thr., RR) Hypselobarbus thomassi (Thr.) Salmophasia belachi (Thr., RR) dussumieri (RR) Salmophasia horai (Thr., RR) Labeo potail (Thr.) Tor khudree (Thr.) Laubuca fasciata (Thr., RR) Tor malabaricus (Thr.) Lepidopygopsis typus (Thr., RR) Travancoria elongata (Thr., RR) Longischistura striatus (Thr.) Travancoria jonesi (Thr., RR)

Chennai wetland complex Care Earth Trust Chennai Snake Park Annex III. KBA potential site Environmentalist Foundation of India Irrigation Department of Tamil Nadu champions and stakeholders Madras Crocodile Bank Trust Madras Naturalists Society MS Swaminathan Research Foundation Pitchandikulam Forest Consultants Public Works Department of Tamil Nadu Arkavati River State Pollution Control Board Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Tamil Nadu State Biodiversity Board Irrigation Department Water Resources Department of Tamil Nadu Bangalore Water and State Sewage Board Youth for Conservation Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Ashambu Hills Ithikkara River Center for Environment and Development Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Kerala Kerala Fatima Matha National College, Kerala Forest Department Kerala State Biodiversity Board River Research Centre M G College, Thiruvananthapuram Travancore Natural History Society River Research Centre Vamanapuram Samrakshana Samithi SN College, Kollam Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Bhavani River Kabini River Arulagam Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Department of Wildlife, Government Arts College, Conservation Research Group (CRG) EIA Resource and Response Centre Coorg Wildlife Society Keystone Foundation Ferns Mr. Godwin Vasant Bosco Foundation for Revitalisation of Local Health Traditions Nilgiri Natural History Society Gurukula Botanical Sanctuary Nilgiri Wildlife and Environment Association Indian AZE Tamil Nadu Forest Department Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research Wildlife Trust of India Jungle Lodges & Resorts (Tamil Nadu Forest Department) WWF India Karnataka Forest Department Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Karnataka State Biodiveristy Board Chalakkudi River Kerala Forest Department Chalakudi River Protection Forum Kerala State Biodiversity Board Chalakudipuzha Samrakshana Samithi MS Swaminathan Research Foundation Kerala Forest Department Nature Conservation Foundation Nature Conservation Foundation River Research Centre River Research Centre Wayanad Prakrithi Samrakshan Samithi Western Ghats Hornbill Foundation Zoo Outreach Organisation Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Chaliyar River Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Chaliyar Samrakshan Samithi Kadalundi wetland Conservation Research Group (CRG) Calicut University, Botany Department Indian AZE Center for Environment and Development Indian Bird Conservation Network Devagiri College, Calicut Kerala Forest Department Guruvayoorapan College, Calicut Kerala Forest Research Institute Kerala Natural History Society Keystone Foundation Malabar Natural History Society RASTA Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Zoo Outreach Organisation Kaladi Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Alwaye River Protection Forum Chandragiri and Payaswini Rivers Periyar Malinikarana Virudha Samithi (Peryar Protection Forum) Coorg Wildlife Society Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Karnataka Forest Department Kalladayar Malabar Natural History Society Center for Environment and Development River Research Centre Centre for Wildlife Studies, Kerala Agricultural University Society for Environmental FERAL Foundation for Ecological Research Advocacy and Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Learning Kerala Forest Department Nature Conservation Foundation River Research Centre Tamil Nadu Forest Department Travancore Natural History Society Tamil Nadu State Electricity Board Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre The Trust Kallai coastal marshes Wildlife Trust of India Calicut University, Botany Department WWF India Center for Environment and Development Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Devagiri College, Calicut Nila River Guruvayoorapan College, Calicut Bharathapuzha Samrakshana Samithi Kerala Natural History Society Conservation Research Group (CRG) Malabar Natural History Society French Institure of Pondicherry Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Indian AZE Kavvayi Wetlands Kerala Forest Department Center for Environment and Development Maithri Coorg Wildlife Society Nature Conservation Foundation Devcharan Jathanna River Research Centre Habour Engineering Department, Tamil Nadu Forest Department Malabar Natural History Society Western Ghats Hornbill Foundation Society for Environmental Education in Kerala Wildlife Trust of India Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre WWF India Kodaiyar and Pazhayar rivers Zoo Outreach Organisation Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Noyil River Kerala Arulagam Dileep Daniels Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Kerala Forest Department Care Trust Robert Grubh EIA Resource and Response Centre SPKCES Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Science, Environmentalist Foundation of India MS University, Alwarkurichi Karunya University Tamil Nadu Forest Department Noyil River Conservation Committtee Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Osai (NGO) Kole Wetlands Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History CWS, Kerala Agricultural University Siruthuli (NGO) Kerala Agriculture Department Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Kerala Fisheries Department Tamil Nadu Forest Department Kerala Forest Research Institute Tamil Nadu State Biodiversity Board Kole Karshaga Sangham Zoo Outreach Organisation Kole Land Development Corporation Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Pamba River Kunthi River Center for Environment and Development Bharathapuzha Samrakshana Samithi Conservation Research Group (CRG) Kerala Forest Department Kerala Agricultural University Dept of Wildlife College of Kerala Forest Research Institute Forestry Wildlife Research and Conservation Trust Kerala Forest Department Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Manimalayar Samrakshana Samithi Kuttiyadi River Meera Anna Oommen Malabar Natural History Society Pamba Parirakshana Samithi Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Periyar Foundation Madayi laterite plateau Travancore Natural History Society Indian Naval Academy Pambar River Malabar Natural History Society ACT India Foundation Society for Environmental Education in Kerala Anglad Institute of Natural History Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Kestrel Adventures Moyar River Kodai International School Accord Palni Hills Conservation Council Arulagam Periyakulam Forestry College, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Care Earth Trust University Department of Wildlife, Government Arts College, Ooty Tamil Nadu Forest Department Forestry College of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Toxic Link Jungle Scapes Vattakanal Conservation Trust Karunya University Wildlife Information Liaison and Development Society Keystone Foundation Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Covenant Centre for Development Periyar FERAL Foundation for Ecological Research Advocacy and Center for Environment and Development Learning Conservation Research Group (CRG) Kerala Forest Department Indian AZE Periyar Foundation Kerala Forest Department Tamil Nadu Forest Department Periyar Foundation Wildlife Association of Rajapalayam Tamil Nadu Forest Department Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Zoo Outreach Organisation Valapattanam River Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Center for Environment and Development Pooyamkutty Center for Water Resources Development and Management Kerala Forest Department Coorg Wildlife Society Kerala Forest Research Institute Karnataka Forest Department Nature Conservation Foundation Kerala Forest Department Pooyamkutty Samrakshana Samithi Malabar Natural History Society River Research Centre Society for Environmental Education in Kerala Western Ghats Hornbill Foundation Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Santhampara Center for Environment and Development Department of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, University of Conservation Research Group (CRG) Kerala Highrange Wildlife and Environment Preservation Association Environmental Resources Research Center Indian AZE Kerala Forest Department Kannan Devan Hill Produce Company River Research Centre Kerala Forest Department Travancore Natural History Society Zoo Outreach Organisation Vamanapuram Samrakshana Samithi Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Thamirabarani River Vembanad Lake and catchment Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Conservation Research Group (CRG) Center for Environment and Development FERAL Foundation for Ecological Research Advocacy and Learning Kerala Agricultural University Indian AZE Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies SPKCES Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Science, Nature Society MS University, Alwarkurichi Meenachal Samrakshana Samithi Tamil Nadu Forest Department MS Swaminathan Research Foundation Zoo Outreach Organisation Samrakshana Samithi Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Vembanad Nature Club Upper Cauvery River Zoological Survey of India, Western Ghats Regional Centre Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment Coorg Wildlife Society Forestry College, Ponnampet Jungle Lodges & Resorts (Tamil Nadu Forest Department) Karnataka Forest Department Karnataka State Biodiveristy Board National Centre for Biological Sciences Nityata Foundation Wildife Conservation Society Wildlife Association of Zoo Outreach Organisation Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Upper Vaigai River Periyakulam Horticulture College, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Tamil Nadu Forest Department Wildlife Association of Rajapalayam Wildlife Information Liaison and Development Society Woodbriar Group Zoological Survey of India, Southern Regional Station Upper Vaippur River Anja College Ayyanadar Janakiammal College Annex IV. Non KBA specific stakeholders

a) Stakeholders (non KBA specific) Notes

Govt.

NGO NGO Cent. Govt. State Private Policy Management Advocacy Research Biodiversity and Rural Livelihoods X X X Central Govt (MoEF) implemented project (World Bank funded). Models for PA management Improvement Project and community engagement in buffer zones - national project with some sites Biodiversity Monitoring Committees X X X Set up and administered by National Biodiversity Authority, liaising with local Panchayats to monitor local biodiversity and maintaining people's biodiversity registers. Botanical Survey of India X X Research into Botanical surveys across India (no conservation mandate, just work on inventories) Centre for Environmental Education X X X Autonomous - Biodiversity conservation into school curriculum Coffee Board X X X X Work with coffee plantations, and own some smaller plantations themselves Conservation India X Social networking site Enviro Legal Defence Firm X X Not-for-profit organisation providing legal support to local activists challenging EIAs Environmental consultancies X X Conduct EIAs (need licenses from QCI) Federation of Industries X X X Industrial lobby, influence policy and private sector (e.g. Federation of Indian Mineral Industries) Freshwater Fish Specialist Group X X X Geological Survey of India X X Research into geological/hydrology surveys across India (no conservation mandate, just work on inventories) India Bird Conservation Network X X Network of people and organisations that monitor IBAs Indian Council for Agriculture Research X X X Through government institutions carry out research on fisheries Indian Organic Certification (Indocert) X X X X Provide audits and certification for many agricultural products (mainly tea/coffee etc.) for export markets Indian Water Portal X X Institute for Market Ecology X X X Certification of agriculture and ecological products International Crane Foundation X Wetland related research, genetic plains IUCN India X X X Kalpa Vriksh X X X Advocacy - 1st set up National Biodiversity Strategy Keystone - Nilgiri Water Portal X X LIFE/ERC X X X Reviewing EIA and forestry processes, training of NGOs on environmental clearance processes

a) Stakeholders (non KBA specific) Notes

Govt.

NGO NGO Cent. Govt. State Private Policy Management Advocacy Research Ministry of Agriculture, Department of X X Set policies for State Fisheries Boards to follow - fish, molluscs, Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Central Govt. Ministry of Earth Sciences X X X X Set up to develop policies and fund research related to weather and climate change, hydrology etc. Ministry of Environment and Forests X X X X State Ministry set up to control forest and wildlife services of state governments, and other programmes (e.g. NPCAE) and implement Acts (e.g. Wildlife Protection Act, Biodiversity Act etc.) Ministry of Health X X X X Develop policy and implement actions of aquatic borne diseases Ministry of Mining X X Set policy for mining investment Ministry of Power X X X Hydroelectric projects Ministry of Renewable Energy X X Including mini hydro powered projects Ministry of Road Transport and Highways X X Roads built directly through wetlands, not around, with massive potential impacts

Ministry of Tourism X X Set up to develop policy related to tourism development Ministry of Water Resources X X X Manage water disputes between States, and develop policy Ministry of Commerce (MPEDA - Marine X X Mandate to promote export of aquatic biodiversity. Work with ornamental fish trade of Products Export Development Authority) native species through wild collections only. National Biodiversity Authority (Part of X X X Work toward achieving equitable sharing of forest produce, and conservation of species. The MoEF) Biological Diversity Act 2002 set them up, and they work through the State Biodiversity Boards. Related to human resource use. National Environmental Appraisal X X Regulatory role - Review EIAs Committee (part of MoEF) National Green Corps X X Outreach body set up by MoEF that reaches schools on environmental issues National Green Tribunal X X X Court to hear environmental challenges on procedural grounds - provide a legal redress National Programme for Conservation of X X Part of MoEF, in formation. Two programmes - National Wetlands Conservation Programme Aquatic Ecosystems (NPCAE) & National Lake Conservation Plan. National River Conservation Directorate X X X Develop policy related to water pollution and users - currently focused on (part of MoEF) National Tiger Conservation Authority X X X Actions and activities within Tiger Reserves National Wildlife Board X X Develop policy on wildlife, conservation focus, not resource use. Quality Council of India (QCI) X X Issues EIA licenses

a) Stakeholders (non KBA specific) Notes

Govt.

NGO NGO Cent. Govt. State Private Policy Management Advocacy Research Save the Western Ghats Movement X X Network of Western Ghats conservation biologists Spice Board X X X X Work with spice plantations, and own some smaller plantations themselves State Biodiversity Boards (Kerala, Tamil X X X Implementation of policies from The Biological Diversity Act 2002 Nadu & Karnataka) State Fisheries Boards (Kerala, Tamil Nadu X X Stock non-natives aquatic biodiversity (no native species stocked by them) & Karnataka) State Forest Departments X X Manage protected and non-protected areas. Develop and implement management and working plans for forests State Pollution Control Boards (Kerala, X X Licence pollution release, and monitor pollution.. Have a role in the environmental clearance Tamil Nadu & Karnataka) process for developments. Mandated to restoration of water (based on Water Act). State Public Works Departments (Kerala, X X X Building and maintenance of public infrastructure Tamil Nadu & Karnataka) State Wildlife Boards X X Translate policy into action - Act on National Wildlife Board at State level, including working at community level Sustainable Agriculture Network India X X Certification - facilitate plantation companies to get certification and audits, and set local indicators Tamil Nadu Biodiversity Conservation and X X Capacity building (of Forest Department) and tree planting outside forest areas (Japan Greening Project International Co-operation Agency Funded) Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agricultural X X X State Govt. implemented project (World Bank Funded). Working with farmers to improve Modernisation and Water Bodies productivity and irrigation etc. Restoration and Management Project (TN- IAMWARM) UPASI (United Planters Association of X X Lobby Org. Actions associated with plantation management Southern India) UTZ - Coffee, cocoa and tea certification X X X X Provide audits and certification for many agricultural products (mainly tea/coffee etc.) for national markets Water and Drainage Board X X X Monitor water quality and build infrastructure (incl. dams) related to water Wetlands International X X X Wildlife Institute of India X X X Build capacity in Forest Departments about environment including structured education WWF India X X X Zoological Survey of India X X Research into Zoology surveys across India (no conservation mandate, just work on inventories) Annex V. a) Conservation projects; b) Development projects relevant for KBA data a) Conservation projects Project outline Stakeholder with contacts Specific KBA Notes to project? linked? Biodiversity and Rural Livelihoods Central Govt. (MoEF) implemented project (World Bank funded). Models for PA Improvement Project management and community engagement in buffer zones – a national project with some sites Tamil Nadu Biodiversity Conservation Capacity building (of Forest Daprtment) and tree planting outside forest areas and Greening Project (Japan International Co-orperation Agency Funded) Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund CEPF are a multi partnership fund committed to enabling nongovernmental and ATREE - All CEPF projects (CEPF) projects private sector organizations to help protect vital ecosystems. Fund a number of will be made aware of projects in India (Western Ghats Hotspot). these KBAs through the portal Linking Scales Working with TN government to mainstream biodiversity across all sectors, and Care Earth Thamirabarani River facilitate biodiversity action plans. (and also wider Tamil Nadu) Ecosystem Alliance projects Projects run in Eastern and Western Ghats, and Central India, focused on impacts Keystone Foundation, of development (especially mining) on biodiversity. Funded by IUCN Wetlands International and IUCN Netherlands Indian Alliance for Zero Extinction The Alliance’s approach is to identify and conserve the places where extinctions Members of Indian Alliance are most likely to occur. for Zero Extinction

River Research Centre Projects Runs projects to restore rivers, and influence policy. River Research Centre Molecular phylogeny of freshwater Neelesh Dahanukar (Indian fishes of Western Ghats and its Institute of Science implication for conservation Education and Research) Freshwater Biodiversity Disease Project Zoo Outreach Organisation

b) Development project Project outline Stakeholder with contacts to project? Specific KBA linked? Athirapali Hydropower Project Dam development Chalakkudi River Tamil Nadu Irrigated Agricultural Modernisation and State Govt. implemented project (World Bank Funded). Water Bodies Restoration and Management Project Working with farmers to improve productivity and irrigation (TN-IAMWARM) etc. Micro hydro power projects Micro hydro power projects - over 200 in Karnatika alone EIA Resource and Response Centre Other dam projects River Research Centre Mullai-Periyar water transfer Cross basin water transfer EIA Resource and Response Centre / Periyar to Upper River Research Centre Vaigai to Upper Vaippur EIA Resource and Response Centre / Pamba to Upper River Research Centre Vaippur Sillahilla Hydro Project Dam proposed in Nilgiris EIA Resource and Response Centre / Bhavani River Research Centre Hill Area Development Programme (HADP) Cross sector government funded programme for Nilgiri district Keystone Foundation Moyar, Bhavani Neutrino Observatory Underground observatory Convention Centres for Development Upper Vaigai River (CCD) Sterling Biotech Ltd Manufacturing gelatine from cattle bone EIA Resource and Response Centre Moyar Cordite factory near Aruvankadu Ammunitions factory Keystone Foundation Bhavani Nitin Gelatine Ltd Production of ossein EIA Resource and Response Centre / Chalakkudi River River Research Centre