32462 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 H. Con. Res. 426. Concurrent resolution PETITIONS, ETC. 253. Also, petition of the Bostoh City Coun­ with respect to the freedom of the Republlc cil, Boston, Mass., relative to swimming pool of China and its people; to the Committee on Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions safety; to the Committee on Interstate and International Relations. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Foreign Commerce. By Mr. HAYS of Ohio: and referred as follows: 254. Also, petition of Leon E. Lofton, Jr., H. Res. 780. Resolution disapproving a. 248. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Inglewood, Calif., relative to redress of griev­ regulation proposed by the Federal Elec­ Oklahoma Municipal League, Oklahoma City, ances; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tion Commission; to the Committee on House Okla., relative to funding allocation formulas 255. Also, petition of the Oklahoma Mu­ Administration. within the Housing and Community Develop­ nicipal League, Oklahoma City, Okla., rela­ By Mrs. FENWICK (for herBelf and ment Act of 1974; to the Committee on Bank­ tive to the Federal Water Pollution Control Mr. GILMAN) : ing, Currency and Housing. Act of 1972; to the Committee on Public H. Res. 781. Resolution concerning the 249. Also, petition of the Oklahoma Mu­ Works and Transportation. safety and freedom of Valentyn Moroz, nicipal League, Oklahoma City, Okla., relative Ukrainia.n historian; to the Committee on to Federal funding for local comprehensive International Relations. planning assistance; to the Committee on AMENDMENTS Banking, Currency and Housing. Under clause 6 of rule XXIII, pro­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 250. Also, petition of the Oklahoma Mu­ posed amendments were submitted as nicipal League, Oklahoma City, Okla., relative follows: Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private to financial assistance to municipalities in H.R. 200 bills and resolutions were introduced and order to offset the costs of Federal standards or regulations; to the Committee on Gov­ By Mr. TREEN: severally referred as follows: ernment Operations. (1) On page 17, line 19, after "(3) ",strike By Ms. HOLTZMAN: 251. Also, petition of the Oklahoma Mu­ all the words on line 19 through the comma H.R. 10121. A bill for the relief of Antonio on line 20. nicipal League, Oklahoma City, Okla., relative (2) On page 62, line 24, strike all on line Escolar Alfonso; to the Committee on the to revenue sharing; to the Committee on Judiciary. 24 through the word "{b)" on line 25. By Mr. ROUSSELOT: Government Operations. (3) On line 3 of page 63, strike all of Sec. H. Res. 782. Resolution honoring Dr. Armen 252. Also, petition of the Oklahoma Mu­ 309(b) and (c)-{All matter commencing on Sarafian who will retire on '.March 29, 1976, nicipal League, Oklahoma City, Okla., relative line 3 and continuing through line 23 of page as president of Pasadena City College; rto the to land use planning and control; to the 64.) Committef;} on Post Office and Civil Service. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. (4) Renumber the succeeding sections.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS SENATE, HOUSE BUDGET PANELS hand whether a bill exceeds the target and "We asked them to cut some $8.2 billion WIN EARLY VICTORIES asking them to make the cut. and figured they'd cut about four or five," Adams feels he won a major victory last Adams said. "There's more glory in shooting week when the House Appropriations Com­ down jazzy weapons systems, but the big mittee cut nearly $9 billion from the ad­ money is in support programs and that's HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY ministration's request for funds over 15 where the cuts were made." OF NEW YORK months to equip, man, and operate the armed Rept. Robert Giaimo (D-Conn.), a member forces. of both the Budget Committee and Appro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The victories are important because, while priations Subcommittee on Defense, said Wednesday, October 8, 1975 members of Congress heaped praise on the Adams' vow to fight the bill on the floor 1f idea of the new congressional budget system it was too much over the target was a major Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. when it was formed last year, many thought factor in the subcommittee's action. Speaker, for some months now many of it would be only a paper tiger. He also said, "For the first time in my us have felt a certain suspense about the Before passage of the Budget and Im­ memory, the subcommittee went through day of reckoning between the budget res­ poundment Act establishing the new process, that budget item by item, looking hard at olution and the appropriations bills. We plus House and Senate Budget committees each program for where it could make cuts." can now see that the scales are likely and a congressional budget office to carry it Giaimo said no totals were made of the out, Congress did not total what it was cuts at the end of each markup session, so to balance and the new congressional spending, nor did it set any ce111ngs on over­ that many members were surprised at the budget system is working. The Washing­ all spending, much less on spending for vari­ size of the overall cut. ton Post had an article on the Senate and ous programs or categories. Each committee Though Appropriations Committee Chair­ House Budget Committees and the suc­ would put out its authorization blll with­ man George Mahon (D-Tex.) denies that the cess they have already had. I would like out regard to the overall budget effect. Budget Committee influenced the process to have the story included in the RECORD. President Nixon's habit of impounding and insists that the cuts were made solely funds Congress appropriated, plus Congress' in "the best interests of defense," sources say SENATE, HOUSE BUDGET PANELS WIN he is rushing the bill to the fioor in hopes EARLY VICTORIES desire to win back some of the power it had · lost to the executive, led to passage of the of heading off a massive Pentagon-admin­ (By Mary Russell) act, which empowers the two new Budget istration lobbying effort to restore the money. Two major victories on defense spending committees to set targets both for over-all Besides defense, Muskie won a signiflcant have emboldened the Hou~ and Senate spending and for program categories. battle in cutting $75 mtllion from the school Budget committees as they strive to over­ But there was no guarantee that the other lunch program, while Adams has the lead­ come paper-tiger predictions and become a committees, jealous of their prerogatives and ership's agreement to delay and probably real power in Congress. usually advocates of programs in their juris­ shelve a. bill costing ultimately $3.4 billlon "We're not home free yet. But the score is diction, would follow Budget Committee that would allow federal employees to retire 10 to O in our favor in the fourth quarter," orders to cut funds. In fact, a log-roll1ng after 30 years' service without regard to age. says House Budget Committee Chairman system, with committees sticking together to "You have to take stock when, as now, Brock Ada.ms (D-Wash.). defeat all proposed cuts, could easily have liberals are saying, 'You can't do this, it costs The Senate committee won its victory in made the whole process meaningless. too much,' " Giaimo says. He senses a new August when Chairman Edmund S. Muskie Although the process is only on a trial run consciousness of spending and deficits (D-Maine) took on the powerful Armed Serv­ (the act doesn't take effect until next yea..r), brought on by the economic situation: "The ices Committee on the Senate floor, insisting both Budget Committee chairmen consid­ example of New York is getting through." that the military procurement conferees had ered it vital to establish the influence this far exceeded the Budget Committees target. year. By a 48 to 42 vote he succeeded in sending One key area was defense spending, not the bill back to a House-Senate conference only because it accounts for such a big share STAN JENSEN for more paring, Another quarter-billion of the government's total outlays but also dollars was cut, and the $30.9 billion 15- because the' appropriations committees are month measure was cleared for the White traditionally so m111tary-minded. House last Friday. Some argue that the House committee's HON. PHILLIP BURTON Because winning floor battles is more dif­ reductions in defense appropriations a.re OF CALIFORNIA ficult in the 435-member House, Adams has merely "paper cuts" because no major weap­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been using a different method. He deals with ons system was cut out. But the Budget Wednesday, October 8, 1975 the committees before their bllls reach the Committee staff points out that the 11 per floor, threatening a floor fight if necessary cent slash is the biggest percentagewise since Mr. PHILLIP BURTON. Mr. Speaker, but trying to let committees know before- 1950; cuts usually range from 5 to 7 per cent. a distinguished labor leader and my good October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32463 friend, Stan Jensen, will be honored on areas than there are from farm areas-­ A CONGRESSIONAL PRESIDENCY? Saturday night, October 25, in San Fran­ particularly tobacco-growing areas. So cisco at a dinner marking his 35 years this veto was like shooting ducks on a as a member of the International Asso­ pond with a howitzer. The House has HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON ciation of Machinists and 20 years as never overridden a veto of a farm bill OF MASSACHUSETTS business representative and directing and President Ford, being a veteran of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES business representative. this body, is well aware of this. So in­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 Stan Jensen is a native San Francis­ stead of considering this legislation on can, born in the "City by the Golden its merits, he took the easy way out and Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, not Gate" on June 19, 1922. He graduated vetoed it. He did this, I might add, only so very long ago, the most logical step­ from Balboa High School and served in after playing politics with the bill and I ping stone to the Presidency of the United the U.S. Army Air Corps. am referring to the matter of supplying States was to be the Governor of a major He has been a member of Lodge 68, arms to Turkey. These strong-arm tac­ State or the mayor of a major city, Since I.A.M. & A.W. since 1940 and has served tics did not work with the Congressmen World War II, however, most of our as an elected business representative from the tobacco belt, I am proud to say. Presidential candidates, and hence our since 1955. In 1972 he was elected direct­ All we were asking for in this modest Presidents, have come out of the Con­ ing business representative of District bill was a support level that would pre­ gress. 115, encompassing 10 I.A.M. & A.W. local vent the bankruptcy of our farmers, who Exactly why this shift has occurred is lodges with a membership in excess of have been forced to turn over more and hard t.o say. Perhaps our major States 17,000. more of their flue-cured leaf to the Gov­ and cities have developed such over­ Stan Jensen is also a community lead­ ernment loan program. Is it asking too whelming problems that they tend t.o er. He has been a member of' the San much to put a floor under prices to pre­ destroy or at least retard the careers of Francisco Redevelopment Agency since vent the major tobacco companies from those who try to govern them. But while 1967, a position he has held under two stealing their crops? the cause of the shift is obscure, there mayors. But I do not expect Mr. PEYSER, a man can be little doubt about the consequence. Stan has served for years on the exec­ from a State that produces no flue­ We have produced a string of President.a utive board of the San Francisco Labor cured tobacco, to be sympathetic to our who have brought to the most important Council. He is also a vice president of the very real problems. I did expect more of executive post in the world little or no California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO. Preside?t Ford, however, because he, experience as administrators. In addition, Stan also serves as presi­ theoretically at least, should have a bal­ Hugh Sidey describes this phenomenon dent of the Pacific Coast Metal Trades anced overview of farm problems. How in somewhat unflattering terms in the Council and last year he was elected area can he publicly worry about the high latest issue of Time magazine, pointing vice president of the Western Shipbuild­ rate of unemployment on the one hand out that the congressional route to the ing Association. while pursuing a policy sure to drive Presidency has had a profound effect It is obvious from this brief recitation small farmers onto the welfare rolls? on the manner in which our country is of Stan Jensen's titles, that he is a con­ governed. With our former colleague in cerned and tireless man committed to the White House and with elections com­ the well-being of his members and of the ing up, I think Mr. Sidey's observations community. UNITED STATES MUST CONTINUE merit the attention of all of us: It is most fitting that he be honored TO DENOUNCE AMIN ATI'ACKS ON WHEN TALK Is CHEAP AND WILD by those he has so diligently served for ISRAEL (By Hugh Sidey) these many years. I join with them in There is a. political protest struggling to be calling attention to this career of dedi­ born out in the country. I! it makes itself cated service and I place these remarks HON. PETER A. PEYSER heard, eventually it may ask something like in the RECORD at this time so that my col­ OF NEW YORK this: Why a.re we repeatedly forced to choo158 our Presidents from the Congress? There is leagues may know of this truly fine IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES no rebelllon yet, but there is at least a rising human being, this dedicated labor lead­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 murmur at the spectacle of ten of the 16 er and active force for the betterment of presidential possibilities being products of the San Francisco community. Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, I would Capitol Hill. like t.o take this opportunity to salute Congress is an unreal world-and getting the statement made by the chief dele­ more so. Talk. there ls cheap and wild and gate of the United States to the United it is rarely accountable. Sena.tors and Con· PRESIDENT OVERRIDES TOBACCO Nations, Patrick Moynihan, made in gressmen do not have to carry out their de­ PRICE SUPPORTS cisions, do not have to make the Government opposition to the outrageous statement.a work. They walk away from responsibil1ty of President !di Amin. President Amin after they cast their votes. is a madman and it is most unfortunate Few of them have ever run anything larger HON. JOHN W. JENRETTE, JR. that someone like he could command the than their office statfs. Hubert Humphrey OF SOUTH CAROLINA United Nations as a forum for his rant­ was a mayor and Edmund Muskie was a Gov· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ings. His call for the extinction of Israel ernor, but so long ago that the experience is the voice of a modern-day Hitler. is not much more than the faded clippings Wednesday, October 8, 1975 The United States, and indeed the en­ in their scrapbooks. In almost every city and tire world community, must resist and hamlet, Americans can see that the poll· Mr. JENRETTE. Mr. Speaker, Presi­ tlcians who went to Washington now talk. and dent Ford has defied the will of the denounce the remarks of Amin. Nona­ act llke men in a d11Ierent nation from their House and the Senate in overriding the tion with any moral fiber can do less. fellow politicians who stayed back home. tobacco price supports bill. But before Our Nation can be proud that we have a They see that their Governors-Lucey, I address myself to that question, let me st:ong voice in the United Nations, and Brown, Ray, Longley, Dukakls, Walker, Thom­ say that the gentleman from New York I mclude for the RECORD the statement son, Eva.ns--are true executives and make (Mr. PEYSER) has no valid reason for of Mr. Moynihan denouncing the Amin real decisions. Senators talk and shake hands. saying that this legislation was approved attack on Israel: When Jerry Ford, who was tempered by through devious means. Not one rule of It is no accident that on Wednesday, "His 25 years on the Hill, is out on the stump, the House or the Senate was violated Excellency Field Marsha.I Al Ha.dJi Idi Amin his rhetoric sometimes suggests that he in the passage of this legislation. As I Dada., President of the Republic of Uga.nda"­ would abolish the entire Government. As understand it, Mr. PEYSER was not on to give him his U.N. title-called for "the head of that Government, he must know, the floor when this matter was raised. extinction of Israel as a state." And it Is no after a year's on-the-job tra.inlng, that some accident I fear, this "racist murderer"-as of his campaign lines are pure baloney. But Everything was entirely aboveboard. one of our leading newspapers called him Now let me say that President Ford he cannot cure the congressional hangover. this morning-is head of the Organization of Some of Ford's vetoes, often delivered with took the easy way out when he vetoed African Unity. For Israel ls a democracy and slmpl1st1c and negative explanations, repre­ this legislation. Anyone with even a basic it is simply the fact that despotism will seek sent a denial of the legitimate, 1! costly ad· knowledge of the House can see that whatever opportunities come to hand to de­ vances our society has made in the past yea.rs. there are far more Congressmen repre­ stroy that one which threatens them most, On the other hand, many of the bfils that he sented here from urban and nonfarm which 1s democracy. vetoed were grab bags of every tired idea that CXXI--204~Part 25 32464 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 has been propounded in Congress in the pa.st gave impetus to a new age of expan­ ENERGY INDEPENDENCE? 30 years. sionary vision. Because of Chiistopher A few weeks ago, Louis Harris, one of the Columbus, civilization moved forward. men who read the national palm, gave a Columbus' gift to the world was more HON. LARRY M~DONALD speech that would have been a shocker if any of the "Phogbounds" had been listening. than his discoveries, but also a gift of OF GEORGIA "The voices from the top today are by and spirit and faith-of challenge and awak­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES large not the voices from below,'' he said. The ening. On this day, as we pay tribute to Wednesday, October 8, 1975 findings in his polls, he continued, showed this man, we also pay tribute to the the people sick to death of overblown and Italian-American, who has brought to Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. phony talk. They viewed politics as "sadly this country the same gifts that Chris­ Speaker, it is daily becoming apparent out of date." The public, he said, wanted "the topher Columbus possessed. The contri­ that the American people are growing hard truth about the recession, energy, in­ butions of Christopher Columbus was more and more impatient with the Con­ fiation and other key issues of the day.... just the beginning of a long list of gress for failure to enact a long-range They want politicians who will level with the1n." Italian-Americans who have contributed energy program designed to give the By last year some 70 m1llion Americans, so much in making this country what it United States independence in the field half of all those who are 18 years or older, is today. By having Columbus Day a of energy in the near future. To date, the had been through high school. That is the national holiday, we are not only paying legislation passed appears more designed largest electorate so highly educated the tribute to the man, himself, but also the to complicate rather than simplify our world has ever produced. Their education has Italians who followed in his footsteps, by goal of energy independence. A 1ecent been dramatically enlarged by television. coming to this land and contributing so news column by Anthony Harrigan in Their sensitivity to the facts of national life much for its betterment. Sensing the News for October 2, 1975, has been tuned by the drama of Watergate. summarizes our national dilemma very They do not see the issues as black and white, well. The column follows: as many of the candidates continue to shout. MY BROTHEF.'S KEEPER-IV Quit talking to them as twelve-year-olds, ENERGY INDEPENDENCE advised Harris. With the international oil cartel having Lyndon Johnson, the pre-eminent legisla­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI hiked prices by 10 per cent, it ls more im­ tive creature, got hundreds of bills passed, OF ILLINOIS portant than ever for the United States to but the full effects of his program on the adhieve energy independence. It is clear country were never calculated. We suffer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that the Organization of Petroleum Export­ from that burden today. He never fully un­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 ing Countries will raise prices again in the derstood that he was the executive officer, not too distant future. in charge of final results. Instead, he used Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, at a President Ford's proposed $100 billion to take out the box score of bills passed and time when we continue spirited debate Energy Independence Authority is not the read the numbers to visitors as his measure on the Federal budget, and the need to way to solve America's energy problems, of greatness. control the cost of Government pro­ however. This grandiose design is a great An alarming amount of Richard Nixon's grams, I found the editorial commentary leap backward to Great Society er·a plan­ White House energy was spent running again carried by WBBM Radio Station 78, Chi­ ning, when vast federal programs were for office, doii+g the same thing he had done cago, Ill., on September 25, to be espe­ designed to throw money at complex in the congressional world in which he problems. dwelled for 14 years. He never fully conceived cially pertinent. The Wall Street Journal, in a critical anal­ a program for America, achieved almost The point made by this editorial is ysis of the Energy I ndependence Authority nothing on the home front. that continuing increases in the cost and plan, said that the $100 billion wlll be spent Jerry Ford in his first year responded com­ size of Government programs could pro­ on projects "too risky" for private enterprise, petently to the problems that were lit.erally duce, by the year 2000, a situation where or in other words, "into the least promising thrust on him. But now that the time has half of the people in the country would energy alternatives." The Journal explained come to move beyond the crises he inherited, be supporting the other half. that government spending could reduce tJ.1.e there are worrisome signs that Ford's view of To be forearmed is to be forewarned, cost of solar energy, but not enough to make leadership remains a reft.ection of his days on it economical. the Hill-days spent in meeting, talking and and I hope that the Members will take With the federal government pouring large travellng. this editorial to heart. sums in to solar energy research and other The editorial follows: unprofitable projects, billions of dollars MY BROTHER'S KEEPER-IV would be withdrawn from capital markets. COLUMBUS DAY When Caspar Weinberger recently resigned Industries with the capability of providing as Secretary of Health, Education, and Wel­ additional energy would be starved for the fare, the federal agency that runs the gov­ capital necessary to build new installations. HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. ernment's massive social programs, he It is very unfortunate that President Ford OF NEW YORK warned that if the present trend continues has embraTENNESSEE access to meaningful information on lob­ extends to all members of our society and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bying activities. Congress should encourage this practice as Wednesday, October 8, 1975 Mr. Speaker, I include my statement one of our most fundamental privileges. I before this subcommittee at this point in a.m sure that the subcommittee will have as Mr. JONES of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, the RECORD: its prime consideration the protection of I would like to take this opportunity to these rights while drafting this legislation. STATEMENT OF THE HONORABLE STEWART B. The restrictions imposed by this measure express ·my satisfaction with regard to McKINNEY FOR THE HOUSE SUBCOMMrrrEE the actions of this body in the vote last will be those publicly accepted standards of ON ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND GOVERN­ ethical conduct in one's relations with pol­ week on H.R. 7656, the Beef Research and MENTAL RELATIONS, SEPTEMBER 24, 1975 icymakers that are brought on by public Information Act. Mr. CHAIRMAN: It is a pleasure for me to disclosure of the lobbyist's activities. Ex­ I fully supported this legislation in be able to offer this testimony today on the pecting that those who lobby for a special in­ deliberations on it in the Committee on Public Disclosure of Lobbying Act of 1975 and terest shoUld conduct themselves ethically Agriculture and on the floor because I I would like to express my appreciation to in these contacts may be something new to firmly believe that such a self-help pro­ you and the subcommittee for extending this our political system, but it can hardly be gram as this bill will allow for the beef invitation. called an infringement of the right to free farmers of this Nation are needed and With this legislation that ls being drafted speech. This legislation will protect the here Congress is attempting to establish rights of our constituents to communicate long overdue. para.meters of disclosure for the operations of with their government while enabling them The bill will provide for a program of those who exert some influence over policy­ to know what means are being used to in­ research, producer and consumer inform­ makers so that public confidence in the fluence public policy. ation and promotion to improve beef democratic process can be restored. The exist­ Although I am a strong supporter of this products, market methods, and utiliza­ ing regulations incorporated in the 1946 Fed­ legislation, there ls one section that I hope tion of cattle, beef, and beef products to eral Lobbying Act have been considered so the subcommittee can amend to make the be carried out with funds derived from vague by the Supreme Court that compliance statute more effective. As worded, the bill producer assessments. is now regarded as voluntary. Registration is woUld require many of our more involved required only of groups which consider lob­ constituents to register as lobbyists under Our cattle farmers and ranchers bying to be their "principal purpose", a. re­ the financial expenditure test. For example, a throughout the country have been hit quirement which has been so broadly inter­ public opinion telegram to all members of hard by the recession that we have ex­ preted that even large organizations main­ the House and the Senate currently costs perienced during the past year to 18 taining permanent lobbying staffs have been $160. As we a.re all aware, this is a very pop­ months. They need a cohesive program able to avoid any disclosure. Enforcement of ular vehicle used to express views on na­ now to help pull themselves out of the this statute is almost non-existent. The Sec­ tional policy as well as legislation. Two of retary of the Senate and the Clerk of the these sent during a calendar quarter qualify slump that this economic slowdown has House are authorized to collect the registra­ caused by better utilization of their own the sender to file as a. lobbyist. However, this tions and reports of the lobbyists but there section excludes personal tra.vel expenses resources. are no provisions for these officers to enforce from the test. It is possible, then, that some­ Certainly, we cannot expect this one the rules if they uncover violations. In ta.ct, one could fiy from California ea.ch week to 32466 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 see a Representative at a round-trip ex­ crop yields would be taken fully into ac­ upon his arrival and characteristically pense of $500 who ls not de:flned as a. lobbyist count, as a factor in the decisions. The com­ of his spirited determination, he re­ while a. person sitting in Washington, D.C. mittee has devised a system of publication, cruited a small cavalry unit of 30 men who sends two public opinion telegrams in consultation and reply with built-in delays and plunged into battle at Brandywine, one quarter (or four in four quarters) ls that seem designed to discourage regulation a lobbyist. When the price of long distance and erode the EPA's authority. The agency shortly after which he was commis­ telephone calls and increasing postage rates would even have to consult with congres­ sioned on September 15, 1777, as a brig­ a.re considered, it ls easy for us to realize sional committees and still another scien­ adier general and "commander of the the numerous other combinations of con­ tific advisory group before making major horse" by the Continental Congress. tacts used by private citizens which would decisions on control of bug-killing chemicals. In April 1778, Pulaski's Legion was meet the expense requirements and which All this duplicates what's already going on; authorized by Congress. One year later, would result in this legislation being ex­ as things stand, the EPA talks these matters the legion set out for South Carolina to tended to unanticipated areas with poten­ over with the Agriculture Department, and turn back the advancing British troops. tially unmanageable violations. Just as the its process of hearings, scientific review and existing regulations were meaningless be­ so forth is protracted and complicated It was on October 11, 1779, when Gen­ cause they were drawn too broadly, this enough-and certainly fair to all parties in­ eral Pulaski died at the young age of 32 attempt could fa.11 1f the narrow definition volved. Nor is high crop yield a rational con­ of wounds sustained 2 days earlier on the extends to so many that the provisions be­ cern when the possibility arises that people battlefield at Savannah. come unenforceable and the Commission may be poisoned or placed in danger of can­ As our Nation's Bicentennial is cele­ finds itself smothered in reports of con­ cer by the spreading, or improper spreading, brated, it is only fitting that we pay a stituent contacts. of !.arm chemicals. The pesticide control act passed three years special, heartfelt tribute to the courage­ This legisla.tlon wm not iimit access to ous revolutionary heroes who played federal officials by lobbyists, but it should ago and now up for renewal established cate­ clearly distinguish between the concerned gories--£ome compounds may be banned (as such a vital role in the founding of our private citizen and the agent of organized three have been), others used freely, and a great republic. In recalling the memory special interests. I a.m certain that the sub­ middle group authorized for restricted use. and contributions of General Pulaski, we committee wlll have these points in mind The EPA proposes to certify farmers (through are reminded that our precious freedom during its deliberations and the resulting a. state agency) in this restricted field, re­ was achieved at a cost of considerable bill that will be presented to the House wlll quiring evidence of at least some knowledge sacrifice and anguish. He was a noble represent a major effort in rttstoring public in the use of highly toxic chemicals that and intrepid officer ardently devoted to confidence to our political system. could endanger health, perhaps even life, if improperly applied. This is not only reason­ the cause of American independence. able but imperative. But the House commit­ Casimir Pulaski was a great patriot to tee would allow any farmer to certify him­ whom we owe our profound and endur­ self simply by signing a slip of paper when ing gratitude. TRYING TO HOGTIE THE EPA he buys the chemicals. The public deserves more protection than is promised in token self-certification . .. HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. The House committee did reject a proposal TAXATION WITH REPRESENTATION OF CALIFORNIA to give the Agriculture Department veto power over an EPA pesticide decision, but SUPPORTS TAXPAYER BILL OF IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this undoubtedly will come up on the floor RIGHTS LEGISLATION Wednesday, October 8, 1975 as a powerful amendment. We hope the House members will bear in mind that health Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker,' an and environmental concerns received piti­ HON. CHARLES A. VANIK: editorial in today's Washington Star calls fully small attention from Agriculture in the OF OHIO attention to a possible effort in tomor­ 33 years it was charged with regulating pes­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES row's session to diminish the authority ticides. It did not remove a single one from of the Environmental Protection Agency the market for these reasons. Wednesday, October 8, 1975 to regulate dangerous pesticides. This is For its part, the EPA has demonstrated a. Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, on Septem­ a matter of serious concern, in that it keen appreciation of farmers' problems, tak­ ber 8, Senator MAGNUSON, Senator HAS­ ing care to inform them of effective, safer concerns what amounts to a veto power compounds that are available, when a dan­ KELL, and five members of the House being given to the Agriculture Depart­ gerous pesticide is curbed or banned. With Ways and Means Oversight Subcommit­ ment over EPA's pesticide responsibili­ new ones of indeterminate effect coming out tee introduced a taxpayer bill of rights ties. Whichever agency is granted ulti­ all the time, and farmers wanting to be put designed to assist taxpayers in their deal­ mate authority, there would seem to be to the least possible bother, it's vital that the ing with the Internal Revenue Service. an obligation on our part to minimize EPA have sufficient power to protect the I am pleased to report that Taxation the cost and complexity of the govern­ public. With Representation, a public interest mental process involved. The Star's edi­ taxpayers' lobby, has just endorsed this torial is submitted for the House's con­ legislation and has offered several addi­ sideration: GENERAL PULASKI'S MEMORIAL tional ideas for the increased protection (From the Washington Star, Oct. 8, 1975] DAY of the taxpayer. TRYING To HOGTIE THE EPA These amendments are scheduled to be A matter in which the public interest col­ considered either during the Ways and HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI Means tax reform markup later this fall lides headon with vast private and political OF NEW JERSEY interests will come before the House to­ or as a separate bill sometime in morrow, and there's no tell1ng how lt will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES November. come out. Wednesday, October 8, 1975 Following is the full text of Taxation What we're talking about here is the power With Representation's remarks on the of the farm bloc, which is determined to slow Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, on comprehensive administrative package down the Environmental Protection Agency Saturday, October 11, we will commem­ introduced by myself, and Congressmen in its efforts to regulate dangerous pesti­ orate the 196th anniversary of the death cides. At stake is unhampered continuation GIBBONS, RANGEL, STARK, and VANDER of Gen. Casimir Pulaski, a valiant Polish VEEN. I am also including Taxation With of the EPA's present power over these chem­ expatriate who gave his life in the Battle ical substances, an extension that the House Representation's very helpful comments should approve. of Savannah during the American Rev­ on the need to limit the Internal Revenue The Agriculture Commlttee, however, has olutionary War. This dedicated, resolute Service's definition of tax returns: come up with a convoluted bill which, while cavalry officer fought heroically in the COMPREHENSIVE ADMINISTRATIVE PACKAGE extendlng the EPA authority, does all lt can pursuit of freedom both in his homeland to complicate the processes. It sets up a and in America. We support a comprehensive administra­ bureaucratic maze that would consume an A few years after having led 18,000 tive package such as that proposed by Mr. unreasona'ble amount of time before a pes­ Vanlk, and suggest that as many as possible soldiers as commander of cavalry en­ of his proposals be incorporated into the ticide deemed dangerous to the public health gaged in battle against Russian troops could be gotten off the market. This would pending bill. involve teamwork with the Agriculture De­ in an effort to liberate Poland, Casimir In addition, we also suggest that consid­ partment so that effects of any future pesti­ Pulaski set sail for the colonies in the eration be given to creation of a Taxpayer cide regulation upon farm economics and summer of 1777. Almost immediately Protection Agency, independent of the IRS, October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 82467 which would have at least the following EQUAL OPPORTUNITY AND FULL the game was to keep down wages, and to functions: EMPLOYMENT ACT increase prices (and profits). 1. Operation of taxpayer service faclllties Labor is once again programming with the throughout the country. These would re­ Administration. It has joined the President's place existing IRS taxpayer service facilities. HON. HENRY S. REUSS Labor-Management Committee, which acts 2. Publication of ofiicial handbooks (such as a. kind of policy-recommending body to as "Your Federal Income Tax") which are OF WISCONSIN the President. designed to inform the public about tax IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES So far, the committee has unanimously matters. Again, these would replace the cor­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 a.greed on taxes, energy and utility expan­ responding IRS publications. sion. 3. Provision of legal assistance to persons Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, my distin­ But the President ignored their recom­ who encounter difiiculties with the IRS and guished colleague from California, Au­ mendations on taxes and energy, and has who cannot afford counsel. GUSTus F. HAWKINS, principal author and bought their utility expansion program 4. Bringing suit to challenge questionable sponsor of the Equal Opportunity and (which may mean more jobs for the job­ IRS administrative decisions, especially those Full Employment Act-H.R. 50-has less). that give away revenue to special interest Maybe this committee will work. claimants. written a column which appeared in the We'll have to wait and see. 5. Representation of the public interest at September 18, 1975, edition of the Los In the meantime, pardon me if I join IRS administrative hearings on regulatory Angeles Sentinel. He notes the wide dis­ economist Walter Heller who recently ob­ proposals appearing in the Federal Register parity which exisU; between the rhetoric served that the committee "should long and elsewhere. concerning the high unemployment rate since have got to work on the horrendous unemployment problem and the staggering DISCLOSURE OF TAX RETURNS AND RETURN in the United States, and specific pro­ economic loss it entails." INFORMATION grams which are noticeably lacking in Labor, so far, has not substantially dealt This ls a difiicult issue, and deserves care­ any of the administration's efforU; to with the major alternative to unemploy­ ful consideration by Congress so that the combat the problem: ment: a. national policy on full employment. booby traps planted in administration pro­ WHAT LABOR NEEDS Is A FULL EMPLOYMENT It must address this question, because posals in this area can be detected and elim­ POLICY there ls little hope that chronic visitations inated. Provided that these booby traps are (By Congressman Gus HAWKINS) of severe unemployment in this country will eliminat ed, we support this proposal. We abate, without such a policy. believe that the following points a.re im­ If the President believed his Maine Labor Labor's rightful place is with those of port ant: Day speeches he would be ca.111ng me to find us who have developed the full employment 1. The definition of the term "tax return" our how he could push my Full Employment concept as an alternative to unemployment. is a crucial aspect of this proposal. The In­ Bill (H.R. 50), which guarantees employ­ Its place is not wlth those who a.re still ternal Revenue Service has sought to define ment to a.11 persons willlng and able to work. living in the 18th Century-and who want to that term very broadly in recently revised But, since I haven't heard from the Presi­ institutionalize unemployment. regulations, with the obvious purpose of dent, I can only assume his words were just negating the Freedom of Information Act and more fhetoric on the plight of the 7 to 14 making Congressional and public scrutiny mil11on unemployed. of IRS operations almost impossible. Al­ In his addresses to labor, the President though those regulations have been struck exhorted business and industry to "do every­ TRYING TO HOGTIE THE EPA down by the Courts, the IRS is now attempt­ thing possible to bring back la.id-off work­ ing to enact them into law. The result would ers, to reassess the job assignments of those be to make almost every document in the employed beneath their true qualifications HON. BOB ECKHARDT possession of the IRS a "tax return," In­ and to give opportunities to young people OF TEXAS cluding many documents that are obviously eager to join the labor force." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES not tax returns as that term is commonly And what does he plan to do to help bring understood. this a.bout? Wednesday, October 8, 1975 2. The definition of the term "tax return" He has clearly outlined his plans in his Mr. ECKHARDT. Mr. Speaker, I would adopted by Congress should be based on the 1976 budget: no funding for new programs; like to call to the attention of my col­ case law that has developed over the past severe cuts in social services to the poor, to senior citizens, veterans, children, youth, and leagues an excellent editorial published generation (at IRS urging) in connect ion in the Washington Star of October 8 with so-called "failure to file" cases. In gen­ the handicapped and the mentally 111; ac­ eral, the courts deciding those cases have cepting unemployment at a.bout the 8.0 per which goes to the crux of an issue that defined the term "tax return" as a. sworn cent level (meaning-no relief or resolve we will be voting on October 9, the Fed­ computation of tax due, whether or not sub­ from the President's recalcitrant position). eral Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenti­ mitted on the forms provided by the IRS. His fiscal policies have resulted in dis­ cide Act AmendmenU>. couraging business expansion because of his Use of this definition seems fully adequate to The editorial succinctly points out tight money mania., which means that money that the forces at work here would like protect the legitimate interest of the public will continue to be ha.rd to borrow and in­ in the secrecy of their returns, while avoid­ terest rates will remain exorbitant. nothing better than to see the Environ­ ing the trap of turning substantially every He has also vetoed bills which would have mental Protection Agency's Power over IRS document into a "tax return," thus im­ put some 3.5 m111ion persons back to work. dangerous pesticides restricted. If the munizing the IRS from Congressional and He's a nice guy with an iron fist. EPA's authority in this area is under­ public scrutiny and negating the Freedom of On the same day that the President was mined, I believe that the health of every Information Act as it applies to the IRS. unfairly putting the weight on big business American may be seriously jeopardized, to solve unemployment, labor leaders all and the quality of our environment will over the country were accusing the President surely be diminished. of promoting unemployment in order to fight infiatlon (which ls what he's doing). The editorial follows: PERSONAL EXPLANATION Since labor is on the spot, and their un­ TRYING TO HOGTIE THE EPA employed union members are not letting A matter in which the public interest col­ them forget it, labor has promulgated a host lides headon with vast private and political HON. JAMES W. SYMINGTON of alternatives to this depression. interests will come before the House tomor­ The Administration, however, has bought row, and there's no telling how it will come OF MISSOURI little of labor's priorities except the emer­ out. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gency extension of unemployment insurance What we're talking about here is the power Wednesday, October 8, 1975 benefits and the temporary approval of oth­ of the fa.rm bloc, which ls determined to slow er income supplements. down the Environmental Protection Agency Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. Speaker, my These ba.nda.lds, a.~ necessary as they are, in its efforts to regulate dangerous pesti­ attendance at the funeral of a family a.re really begging the question of how to cides. At stake is unhampered continuation find jobs for all those unemployed persons of the EPA's present power over these chemi­ member prevented me from participat­ willing and able to work. cal substances, an extension that the House ing in the veto override of H.R. 4222, the Labor has also, in an on-again off-again should approve. School Lunch and Child Nutrition Act fashion, tried to program with the Admin­ The Agriculture Committee, however, has amendment. istration. come up with a convoluted b111 which, while If I had been present, I would have Hoping, I suppose, to influence the Admin­ extending the EPA authority, does a.11 it can istration's labor positions. to compllcate the processes. It sets up a bu­ supported the motion to override and am But, under Nixon, AFL-CIO President reaucratic maze that would consume an un­ happy to note the House was successful George Meany had to quit the Cost of Liv­ reasonable amount of time before a pesticide in that attempt. ing Council, when he (Meany) discovered deemed dangerous to the publlc health could 32468 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Octobe'r 8, 1975 be gotten off the market. This would involve and history of the American youth move­ will propose that Congress pass an "Illegal teamwork with the Agriculture Department ment. Alien Bill" (H.R. 8713) which wm supposed­ so tha.t effects of any future pesticide regu­ 4-H began at the turn of this century. ly help us out of our economic morass. lation upon farm economics and crop yields Although there is little available in terms would be taken fully into account, as a. fac­ Throughout the years, this organization of supporting facts, advocates of this legis­ tor in the decisions. The committee has de­ has played a prominent role in the de­ lation claim that literally m1111ons of illegal vised a system of publication, consultation velopment of our Nation's youth. 4-H has aliens have come into our country in recent and reply with built-in delays that seem de­ been able to adjust to the modem needs years. It is further alleged that these people signed to discourage regulation and erode and wants of our young people, provid­ are taking a significant number of jobs that the EPA's authority. The agency would even ing programs in modern animal care, would otherwise be available for citizens or have to consult with congressional commit­ bicycle safety, the arts, and modern ag­ lawful resident aliens; that they are adding tees and stm another scientific advisory to the tax load by utilizing health, educa­ group before ma.king major decisions on con­ ricultural methods. This organization tion, and social services; and, that they are trol of bug-k1lling chemicals. now boasts a membership of more than 7 causing a drain on our monetary resources All this duplicates what's already going on; million young people. by sending a good deal of the money they as things stand, the EPA talks these matters I would like to take this opportunity earn out of the U.S. to support their families over with the Agriculture Department, and to thank 4-H for all it has done in my at home. its process of hearings, scientific review and congressional district and nationwide, The stated purpose of this legislation is to so forth is protracted and complicated and wish it continued success in the stop the influx of illegal aliens into our coun­ enough-and certainly fair to all parties in­ try by cutting off the economic incentives volved. Nor is high crop yield a rational con­ future. that attract them here in the first place. cern when the possibility arises that people This is to be accompUshed by making it il­ may be poisoned or placed in danger of legal for any employer to hire or to con­ cancer by the spreading, or improper spread­ ILLEGAL ALIENS BILL tinue to employ any alien who has not been ing, of farm chemicals. properly certified by the government to be The pesticide control act passed three years eligible for employment. In essence, the gov­ ago and now up for renewal established cate­ HON. DON EDWARDS ernment will be requiring the employers of gories-some compounds may be banned (as OF CALIFORNIA. this nation to enforce the immigration laws three have been)' others used freely, and a which it failed to enforce in the past either middle group authorized for restricted use. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as a matter of policy or incompetence. The EPA proposes to certify farmers (through Wednesday, October 8, 1975 In our opinion, this legislation is objec­ a state agency) in this restricted field, re­ tionable from several points of- view. In the quiring evidence of at least some knowledge Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. first place, neither Congress nor the Adminis­ in the use of highly • toxic chemicals that Speaker, during the next few weeks this tration has demonstrated that they have ade­ could endanger health, perhaps even life, if body will be called upon to vote on H.R. quate information on the scope of the illegal improperly applied. This is not only reason­ 8713, the so-called illegal aliens bill. I alien problem or of the possible effects of this able but imperative. But the House commit­ voted against this measure when tt came new legislation on lawful alien residents and tee would allow any farmer to certify him­ citizens. They have no idea how many illegal self simply by signing a slip of paper when before the Judiciary Committee because aliens are really in the country. Their esti­ he buys the chemicals. The public deserves I feel that it threatens the basic em­ mates range from 2 to 12 million. They really more protection than is promised in token ployment rights of thousands of Ameri­ do not know whether the illegals wµo are self-certlficatlon. can citizens who are of Latin ancestry here are holding jobs which either citizens The House committee did reject a proposal as well as violating the rights of aliens or lawful residents would be willing to ac­ to give the Agriculture Department veto who are legally working in this coun­ cept. They can only guess at the additional power over any EPA pesticide decision, but try. costs being created by the alleged increased this undoubtedly will come up on the floor During consideration of the bill in both need for public services or the alleged as a powerful amendment. We hope the House amount of money being sent out of the members will bear in mind that health and subcommittee and the full Judiciary country by illegals. environmental concerns received pitifully Committee the U.S. Catholic Conference That the Federal Government's informa­ small attention from Agriculture in the 33 o:ff ered testimony regarding the dangers tion about illegal aliens is inadequate is best years it was charged with regulating pesti­ of this bill. They have followed H.R. 8713 verified by the fact that in both fiscal years cides. It did not remove a single one from through its various stages of develop­ 1975 and 1976, the Immigration and Natu­ the market for these reasons. ment and I commend to my colleagues ralization Service has sought special appro­ For its part, the EPA has demonstrated a their persuasive statement on the b111: priations of $1 million from Congress to con­ keen appreciation of farmers' problems, tak­ duct a study of the problem. In a document U.S. CATHOLIC CONFERENCE STATEMENT ON IL­ ing care to inform them of effective, safer submitted to Congress justifying the need LEGAL ALIEN LEGISLATION, AUGUST 20, 1975 compounds that are available, when a dan­ for this study it is stated: gerous pesticide is curbed or banned. With On a number of occasions during the past "Without knowing the actual scope of the new ones of indeterminate effect coming out several years the Bishops of the United States problem, it is not possible to attack it effec­ all the time, and farmers wanting to be put have spoken out about the need for a hu­ tively. It is, therefore, mandatory that to the least possible bother, it's vital that the mane and just approach in our government's I. & N.S. assess the illegal alien situation to EPA have sufficient power to protect the policies established to solve current national determine not only the magnitude, but also public. and international economic problems. We the characteristics, mode, and locations of have spoken for the need of balancing the entry, area of residence, and extent of im­ normal consumers' demand in the market pact of the 1llegal alien population." NATIONAL 4-H WEEK place with the special needs of the working In addition, President Ford recently ap­ class, the poor, and the elderly, especially in pointed a special Cabinet Committee to study regard to the costs of food and fuel. We have the matter. There seems to be little doubt HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. emphasized the need for a radical change that the government itself recognizes its lack in the consumptive habits of the more ad­ of basic information. Therefore, neither the 011' NEW YORK vanced societies in order to insure a just Congress nor the Administration should ini­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES distribution of the world's goods to the less tiate major new policies in regard to illegal fortunate both at home and abroad. We have Wednesday, October 8, 1975 aliens prior to conducting comprehensive and tried to focus attention on the interdepend­ objective studies of this matter. Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, this week has ent nature of the world community of na­ Assuming that the problem is of such been proclaimed National 4-H Week by tions and the moral obligation of the Unit­ magnitude as to justify some sort of legis­ the Cooperative Extension Service, an ed States and other developed and wealthy latlve remedy of this nature, the legislation societies to share more of the wealth which proposed by the House Judiciary Oommittee organization which conducts 4-H activi­ they have managed to accumulate and con­ ties in all 50 States, the District of Co­ ls seriously defective to the point of being trol. completely undesirable. In attempting to lumbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Once again we feel compelled to speak out solve an economic problem this proposal will Virgin Islands. on these matters because of a very danger­ create a civil rights problem of horrendous Dutchess County, which is part of the ous direction in which the Congress of the United States is moving in dealing with one magnitude. congressional district that I ·represent, By providing sanctions against any em­ very important aspect of our troubled econ.~ will have more than 1,500 members omy. Soon after the summer recess, the ployer who hires an lllegal alien, this legisla­ marking this special observance. With Committee on the Judiciary wm bring be­ tion would create a situation that assuredly this country's Bicentennial year coming fore the United States House of Representa­ will lead to discrimination against any per­ up in 1976, the theme of this week's cele­ tives a bill which will, in effect, attempt to son belonging to a minority group whose bration is the "Spiriit of Tomorrow." Ac­ provide a "scapegoat" solution to our eco­ legal status might be called into question. tivities will focus on the goals, ideals, nomic problems. The Judiciary Committee Legal aliens and minority group citizens will October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32469 be denied employment simply because em­ a.rating fa.miles by forcing a mass exodus ing national health policies. The rea­ ployers will not want to run the risk of in­ or deportation of literally mlllions of men, sons should be evident. We have seen advertently violating the law. women, and children." the costs of health care rise tenfold in On the request of Congressman Don Ed­ Our basic position is that the Federal gov­ wards (D.-Callf.), Chairman of the Judiciary ernment should deal with the problem of the the last 25 years. We have seen the Fed­ Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Constitu­ future influx of illegal aliens separately from eral Government's intervention in the tional Rights, the United States Commission the problem of those already residing in this workings of our health system increase on Civil Rights, through its Staff Director, country. Those who are already here are here dramatically over the last 10 years. submitted comments on this proposed legis­ because the government has been both un­ Now the Congress is prepared to make lation on July 28, 1975. The following ex­ wllling and unable to enforce its own immi­ a serious attempt to develop a national cerpts from these comments summarize the gration laws. Most of these people have estab­ heal th insurance program. As we begin Commission's point of view: lished famllles, part of whom are American "It is our view that the pa"8sage of H.R. citizens with all of the rights of citizenship. to consider further Federal involvement 8713 in its present form wlll have a direct To cut these families off from their meager in the health affairs of our Nation, discriminatory effect on minority persons economic sustenance and to force upon them through a national health insurance pro­ seeking employment, whether they are citi­ the great hardship of emigrating or to at­ gram, we are finding increasing evidence zens or aliens authorized to work in the tempt some sort of mass deportation effort of serious problems with the perform­ United States." would be both inhumane and immoral. For a ance of the health industry and with our "Secondly, even if employers were to re­ nation which for two hundred years has been national approach to improving the quest the same proof of status from all ap­ a symbol of hope for the oppressed and the health of the American people. What I plicants, the difficulties in making deter­ poor of all nations of the world, such an minations of citizenship or alien status will action would be unthinkable. find most disturbing is that these issues inevitably result in employers hiring less There is only one just and humane solu­ will not be solved by a national health minority applicants in order to minimize the tion to this important aspect of the problem insurance program, and in fact, may be risk of hiring illegal aliens. Minority citizens which would be consistent with the tradi­ exacerbated by such a program. as well as minority legal aliens will be the tion and ideals of a country which has been On July 30, I spoke to you about these victims of discriminatory hiring." known as the "nation of immigrants"; that disturbing trends. They include runaway "However, attempts to solve this country's is, to once again show our generosity by health care costs, with no sign of relief serious economic problems cannot be made allowing these people to become legal resi­ at the expense of the civil and constitutional dents. Consequently, we have advocated that in sight. Despite the huge costs of the rights of minority persons." a meaningful amnesty provision be incorpo­ health care system over the last 25 years, The Mexican American Legal Defense and rated into this legisation. Such a provision there has been minimal improvement in Education Fund also submitted comments on would allow people who have already been in the health of the American people. De­ July 23, 1975, in a similar vein to Congress­ the country for a period of time, particularly spite our large investments in training man Edwards. Their position can be sum­ those who have family ties here, to adjust health manpower, particularly physi­ marized by the following quotation from their status. This must be done without cians, we still have serious problems of those comments: penalizing those who are waiting to come into overspecialization and geographic mal­ "Specifically, the mega.I alien bill has pro­ the country through normal immigration visions which when implemented will in­ channels. The number of those adjusted in distribution. A contributing factor has evitably result in certain groups being this manner must not be charged against been the overselling of the wonders of treated differently solely on the basis that existing immigration quotas. modern medicine as a determinant of members of these groups look 'foreign'." The bill (H.R. 8713) as it is presently good health. There is irrefutable evidence On June 18, 1975, an important meeting written has a so-called "amnesty provision." that medicine is a relatively minor deter­ took place at the White House between the Close analysis of the provision has shown minant of health, while it does make an members of the Executive Committee of the that it wlll benefit relatively few people at best. We consider this provision as little more important contribution, the major deter­ U.S. Catholic Conference/National Confer­ minants are personal lifestyles, the en­ ence of Catholic Bishops and the President than lip service to the concept of amnesty of the United States. and therefore judge it to be completely in­ vironment, housing, sanitation, nutrition, This delegation, headed by Archbishop adequate. and jobs. Although it is not realistic to Joseph L. Bernardin, President, USCC/ In conclusion, we call upon the Congress expect that all of these problems will be NCCB, discussed with President Ford a num­ and the President to reject the proposed dealt with as a precondition of enacting ber of public policy issues of pressing con­ "Illegal Alien Blll" (H.R. 8713) as unjust and national health insurance, it is essential cern to the Catholic Bishops of the United discriminatory. that we respond to them in designing a States. An issue of major import concerned national health insurance program. the matter of the illegal alien problem. At My intention here today is not to dis­ this meeting, the Bishops stressed their sup­ port for legislation which would grant a A NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY PA­ cuss national health insurance, but to meaningful amnesty to these people and op­ PER-THE FEDERAL INFLUENCE discuss the evolution of Federal partici­ posed any punitive measures by the govern­ IN HEALTH pation in national efforts to protect and ment against the aliens. improve the health of the American peo­ On March 13, 1975, Msgr. George Higgins, ple. It is my hope that my discussion will Secretary for Research, presented the tes­ HON. JAMES F. HASTINGS assist in our efforts to develop the most timony of the U.S.C.C. on this matter be­ OF NEW YORK appropriate future role of the Federal fore the Judiciary Subcommittee on Im­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Government in national health programs migration, Citizenship, and International and the most appropriate organization of Law. In this testimony, the U.S.C.C. focused Wednesday, Oct~ber 8, 1975 much of its attention on the most serious Federal health programs to carry out its problem with this legislation, that is, how Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, as you assigned role. to humanely handle those aliens without know, several week ago I spoke to the The Department of Health, Education, legal status who already are and have been House about the nend fot a Natrona! and Welfare is the Agency now assigned residing in this country for some time. We Health Policy. Today I will address the the principal role in carrying out Fed­ have been particularly concerned with the House again on the same subject and eral health programs. Over 80 percent of effects of this legislation on those who have present further background on the ur­ Federal health expenditures :fl.ow through established families here and have become gent need for our action in this area. the Department. Health programs of the integrated into our society. They are gen­ erally very poor people living a marginal Also, during the next few weeks I will Department are operated by the Social existence. In our testimony, Msgr. Higgins be making other presentations about Security Administration, which admin· stated: America's health system and the need isters medicare, the Social and Rehabili­ "The effect of the present wording . . . to rationalize our efforts and change our tative Services, which administers med­ would be a screening by the employer of all direction if we are to achieve some meas­ icaid, and the Pacific Health Service, the employees within ninety days after the ure of success in improving the health which is, in fact, a cluster of catagorical law was enacted. The dismissal of untold of our Americans. programs theoretically directed by the numbers of workers from their jobs in such Today I would like to discuss the Fed­ Assistant Secretary for Health. a short period of time would cause unbe­ lievable havoc among their families and in eral Government's participation in ef­ Federal health dollars are made avail­ the communities where they live. It would forts to improve the health of the Amer­ able through a wide variety of categorical be physically impossible for the Immigra­ ican people. On several previous occa­ health programs to States, communities, tion Service to move such large numbers of sions during this session of Congress, I health, and other institutions, and to in­ people. Moreover, it ls unconscionable that have spoken of the need to review our dividuals. Since 1960, the number of cate.. our government should even consider sep- methods of formulating and implement- gorical grant programs has grown from 3247-1) EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 fewer than 200 to over 1,000 today. In consolidated health training data avail­ grants to individual States for maternal 1961, there were 106 HEW programs, and able was produced by OMB-and 1974, and child health programs and title VI by 1973, there were over 280. According Federal support for medical education authorized appropriations "for the pur­ to Secretary Elliot Richardson, in speak­ increased from slightly less than $300 pose of assisting States, counties, health ing of his efforts to simplify the admin­ million to slightly less than $1.4 billion, districts, and other political subdivisions istration of HEW programs in 1973, 56 of almost a fivefold increase. Between 1972 of the States in establishing and main­ the over 280 programs overlapped other and 1974, support for medical education taining adequate public health services." HEW programs, and 36 overlapped pro­ by the Department of Defense and the In 1937, Congress passed legislation es­ grams in other departments. Almost $19 Veterans' Administration grew much tablishing the National Cancer Institute, billion was being spent through some 40,- more rapidly than support through the which became the forerunner of the Na­ 000 institutions and agencies. At that Department of Health, Education, and tional Institutes of Health. In 1943, Con­ time, Secretary Richardson noted that Welfare. gress passed it.c; major health manpower programs were growing at a rate of 10 Federal involvement in the construc­ legislation, to train nurses for the armed percent a year. tion of medical facilities began with the forces, government agencies, and the pri­ In addition to the enormous size of its Hill-Burton program in 1947. Judith and vate sector. In 1944, it passed legislation own health budget, HEW impacts on the Lester Lave, in their study of the Hill­ to reorganize the Public Health Service, total health industry. It provides funds Burton program, noted that for the pe­ a process that was to occur on numerous for training and research, and health riod from 1948 through 1971, the Hill­ occasions since that time. facility construction. It is involved in Burton program provided $3.7 billion to­ Congress enacted the Hospital Survey providing health services, paying for ward the construction of health facilities and Construction Act of 1946, which health services, promoting demonstra­ in this country. This represented, ac­ came to be known as the Hill-Burton tions and planning activities, and also cording to the authors of the study, about program after the sponsors of the legis­ acts as a regular, as in the case of the 10 percent of all health facility con­ lation. Its original purposes were to sur­ drug ind~stry, or a sponsor of regula­ struction costs during that period. vey the need for and to construct hos­ tion, as in the case of professional stand­ The above figures show that the major pitals. This program provided billions of ards review organizations. HEW is the growth of Federal expenditures is occur­ dollars as noted earlier which, mixed major determinant of health industry ring through payments for personal with State and local funds, contributed performance in our country today. health services, notably for medicare and to the tremendous growth in hospital The total health budget estimate for medicaid beneficiaries. The data also facilities since that time. the Department for 1976 is $30.9 billion. shows that the Federal Government has During the late 1940's, 1950's, and into Medicare and medicaid will consume ap­ been the principal investor in increasing the early 1960's, Congress was extremely proximately $24.6 billion, or 85 percent the output of medical schools, and the active in building our capacity to conduct of the total. principal sponsor of medical research. research, establishing health institutes The growth of all Federal expenditures Federal support for health facility con­ in addition to the Mental Health Insti­ for personal health care both in a.bsolut.e struction, on the other hand, appears to tute, including the Heart Institute, Ar:. terms and as a percentage of total per­ have leveled off or diminished, depend­ thritis and Metabolic Disease Institute, sonal health care expenditures since 1966 ing upon the figures used, and now pro­ the Child Health and Human Develop­ has been dramatic. In 1966, the .Federal vides a relatively minor portion of the ment Institute, the Dental Research In­ Government spent approximately $3.3 total cost of building health facilities in stitute, and the General Medical Sci­ billion for personal health care services. this country. ences Institute. The National Mental In 1974, it spent approximately $23 bil­ How did we get to the position we find Health Act also provided grants to the lion. Its share of total personal health ourselves in today? I do not want to bury States to develop mental health pro­ care expenditures in 1966 was less than you under a mountain of facts about the grams. The National Heart Act, in addi­ 10 percent; by 1974, its share had grown historical development of Federal health tion to providing for the establishment to over 25 percent. legislation. As most of you are aware, the of the National Heart Institute, author­ Payment for health services, however, principal responsibility for the health of ized funds for training and for aid to the was not the major thrust of Federal pro­ our citizens rested with the States States for the development of commu­ grams prior to the passage of medicare through most of our history. To this end, nity heart disease programs. and medicaid. Although the Federal Gov­ States began establishing State health Although it is di:fficU!lt to assess the ernment has been involved in providing departments during the latter half of the mood of Congress precisely during the and paying for health services for cer­ 19th century, with their principal pre­ post World War II period, it aippears that tain groups in our society for some time, occupation, the control of communicable congressional interest in hospital con­ the major emphasis prior to 1965 was on diseases. struction and health research was fol­ what has been called "capacity building" The first significant legislation grant­ lowed by interest in correcting shortages through support of health facility con­ ing the Federal Government jurisdiction of health manpower. Traineeships for struction, training, and research. I will over health matters was signed into law the public-health specialists and ad­ discuss the development of legislation au­ in February 15, 1893, giving the Federal vanced training for nurses were author­ thorizing support for these activities Government authority to quarantine ized by Congress in 1956. In 1963, Fed­ later. persons with communicable diseases. eral l·egislation for a broad subsidy of In 1947, the Federal Government spent This legislation, though amended, still health education of the health profes­ $27 million for health research. By 1974, stands. sions was passed. This was foliowed by a health research expenditures had grown Although serious discussions of na­ number of health manpower statutes. to approximately $2.9 billion, a hun­ tional health insurance occurred be­ The issue of hea1th manpower remains a dredfold increase. Unlike expenditures tween 1910 and 1920, it was never seri­ maj.or concern of Congress today, and, for personal health services, the share ously considered by the U.S. Congress as you know, the House has passed a of research supported by the Federal during that period. The next significant comprehensive health manpower bill this Government did not increase as fast al­ piece of Federal legislation was the session. though the Federal Government carried Sheppard-Towner Act, passed early in During the 1950's, Congress also ad­ a far larger share of the financial bur­ the Harding administration, which pro­ dressed itself to the important matters of den. In 1960, the share of Federal ex­ vided Federal grants to States for the collecting and storing health and medi­ penditures for medical research was 53 promotion of the welfare and hygiene of cal information, authorizing continuing percent; in 1974 it was 65.1 percent. maternity and infancy. National Health Surveys and establish­ The Federal Government sharply in­ The Great Depression was a major ing the National Library of Medicine. creased its support for medical educa­ spur to the development of social welfare Throughout this century, Congress tion during the 1960's, primarily through programs in this country, as you all has en31Cted effective legislation and pro­ programs administered by the Depart­ know. A major instrument of Federal so­ vided financial support for the control ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, cial welfare programs was the Social Se­ of communicable diseases. the Department of Defense, the Veterans' curity Act. There were two health provi­ There has always been considerable Administration, and the Department of sions contained in the Social Security interest in Congress in providing funds Labor. Between 1964-when the earliest Act of 1935. Title V of the act authorized for health services for certain groups in October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3~471 our society. The genesis of the U.S. Pub­ cerns the health of our citizens. What we gressive and energetic leadership. It is a lic Health Service can be traced to con­ do in the next year or two is going to privilege for me to acknowledge the spirit gressional action establishing marine have a substantial impact on the struc­ and patriotism of the ofiicers of the city hospitals for merchant seamen in 1798, ture and performance of the health sys­ government. Mayor W. J. Simmons, Jr., and providing for the financing of health tem in years to come-and most impar­ Mrs. J. Y. Prescott, Jr., town clerk; services for them through monthly pay­ tant, the health of our Nation. Messrs. 0. W. Phillips and Ben Regan, ments. city attorneys; Hon. Sam H. Lang, chief Congress authorized first the Bureau of police; and the board of aldermen, of Indian Affairs, and then the Public Messrs. Curtis Fairburn, Clyde Varnado, Health Service to provide health services MAGNOLIA, MISS., WILL CELEBRATE Sam H. Owens, R. N. Whittington, and to American Indians and Alaskan Na­ "DO IT OURSELVES" BICENTEN­ Davis Berryhill. These men and women, tives. It also authorized funds to provide NIAL PROGRAM and many others associated with the care to needy veterans, mothers and town celebration, deserve enormous children, crippled children, the men­ credit. tally ill and retarded and migrant HON. THAD COCHRAN Although the town's plans are incom­ workers. It was during the 1960's, how­ OF MISSISSIPPI plete, I include as a part of my remarks, a ever, that Congress and the administra­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES schedule of planned Bicentennial events tion made its major commitment to Wednesday, October 8, 1975 for 1976. This work is being coordinated underwrite personal health services by by the Magnolia Bicentennial Commit­ establishing programs to provide ade­ Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ tee. The committee members are: Miss quate health care to two neglected tion is preparing to celebrate the 200th Elise L. Meyer, chairman; Mrs. Warrene groups of people in our society: the old anniversary of its founding, and the Fed­ H. Carter, secretary; and Mrs. Joan P. and the poor. eral Government will spend tremendous McClendon, treasurer. A summary fol­ All of you will recaltl the eady 1960's sums to assist city, county, and State lows: governments in every State to observe as .a time of national growth and na­ SUMMARY OF DECISIONS MADE AT THE MAGNOLIA tional confidence. There was both grow­ the Bicentennial. Hopefully, this money BICENTENNIAL COMMITTEE MEETING HELD ing tax revenues generated by a healthy will be spent wisely, to acknowledge the ON AUGUST 28, 1975 RELATIVE TO A BICEN­ and growing economy, and a sense that world's oldest democracy, where free men TENNIAL PROGRAM FOR THE CrrY OF MAG­ we could not 9niy get to the Moon, but can act and speak without fear of reprisal NOLIA, MISS. we would win the war in Vietnam, and or intimidation. There have been times 1. It was decided that we shall not apply solve the many social problems we had in our history when this cherished herit­ for Federal Funds for the Magnolia Bicen­ identified in our society. Two of the iden­ age was thi-eatened. It was not military tennial Program inasmuch as we believe that strength, or economic strength which such funding would not be In line with the tified health problems during that pe­ political philosophy of the Founding Fathers riod were health care for the poor and prevented the loss of our freedoms, al­ of our country, and we shall therefore stage the aged. In 1965 that Congress enacted though they have played an important a "Do It Ourselves" American Revolutionary the social security amendments estab­ part. In my opinion, it was the inner Bicentennial Program. lishing the medicare and medicaid pro­ spiritual strength of our people which 2. The following events have been approved grams, as well as such ambitious pro­ won the day. It was the recognition, in for the Magnolia, Mississippi Bicentennial grams and the Partnership for Health the hearts of ordinary hard-working Celebration: Americans, that they had a stake in pre­ A. Bicentennial Plano Recital to be staged Act, and the regional medical pro­ by Mrs. Grace Lane Leggett to be followed grams. serving their rights. The American people by Reception, which will be given by the Since 1965 we have seen a striking have know that, for perhaps the first MacDowell Music Club. (Tentative date- • shift in Federal spending away from an time in human history, the people were 4/16/76.) emphasis on research, training, and the truly sovereign. B. South Pike School System and Magnolia supPort of State health programs, to So it has remained. The willingness to Public Library Participation Programs to en­ paying for health services. In 1965, for fight to preserve the rule of law and the courage our young people to discover the example, federally-supported medical re­ unshakeable belief in hard work as the joys of reading. best guarantor of success are still guide­ C. Two Magnolia Bicentennial Capsules will search comprised approximately 29 per­ be made, so that they may be opened at the cent of total Federal dollar support. In lines universally revered by Americans. Tricentennial in 2076. One capsule wlll be 1974, the figure was less than 11 percent. It was with immense pride, therefore, kept in Flora, Mississippi and one wlll be These :figures, I should add, do not show that I recently read of the plans of one kept in Magnolia at the new building that a de-emphasis of research, since support small southern American town to observe will be erected as a Bicentennial monument has increased substantia:lly since 1965, the Bicentennial. That town is Magnolia, by the South Pike School System. Microfilms but rather far faster increases in the Miss. The town is appropriately named, will be made of newspapers, programs, a Bi­ for Mississippi is widely known as the centennial register carrying the signatures of health care expenditures. residents of Magnolia, etc., and these films The Federal Government now finds it­ Magnolia State. and photographs of Magnolia will be placed self in the position of having t.o pay for a Magnolia, Miss., will celebrate the Bi­ In the capsules. large and increasing share of the output centennial on a "do it yourself" basis, D. A line of Virginia Pines wlll be planted of the huge and growing health industry without Federal funds; All of her people, in the Railroad Avenue Park that fronts the in this c-0untry. The growing drain on from the youngest toddler to their oldest 200 block of West Railroad Avenue, so that Federal revenues has, more than any­ citizen will participate. when they are large enough, the trees can be Magnolia is living proof that the work used annually to form an Avenue of Christ­ thing else, forced the Congress and the mas Trees during the Holiday Season. The administration to consider ways of im­ ethic is alive and well in America. Fur­ Committee hopes to be able to supply these proving the performance of the health ther, the actions of this small rural com­ conifers to citizens who wish to plant a Bi­ industry. munity can convey an important message centennial Memorial Virginia Pine in their Congress, and the administration, in­ to all of us. That is, that we, and they, respective yards. Since there wlll be only 200 deed the Nation, are now faced with some can do something worthwhile, interest­ trees available for this purpose, this will have ing and enjoyable without a Federal sub­ to be a case of first come, first served. critical choices in the health field. We E. Two Bicentennial Christmas Trees are must decide how we shall move forward sidy. It speaks eloquently that it is time that serious thought be given to a return to be placed in the Railroad Avenue Park on and at what pace. We must decide how either side of the fountain during the Holi­ to the political thinking of the self-re­ day Season. Large pines will be covered with we shall establish and implement na­ liant and courageous individuals who tional health policies, and where we can a white spray and the trees will be decorated gave us the Declaration of Independence with red and blue lights and red and blue be most efl'ective in both the short and and the Constitution. ornaments. long run. Apropos to my discussion to- I am tremendously impressed by the F. A Bicentennial Farmers Market will be day, we must address the issues sur­ actions of the town of Magnolia, but not held under the direction o! Mr. Alphonse rounding the appropriate role of the surprised. The town's actions are charac­ Marks. · Federal Government, and the most effec­ G. District Tournament :for National Bi­ teristic of the people of Mississippi who centennial Youth Debates will be held in tive organization of Federal health pro­ would prefer independence to a handout. December 1975 at South Pike under the di­ grams. I think we all recognize or sense For a small town, without extensive rection of Mrs. Suzanne Taylor. the importance of this moment as it con- resources, Magnolia is blessed with pro- H. Carol Singing on Railroad. Avenue by CXXl---{2046-Part 25 312472 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 Elementary School students under the di­ make April 19 a national day of observ­ behind and became a. revolutionary spy, re­ rection of Mr. David Feldman and Mr. Melvin ance, in recognition of its being the start porting to General Washington the British Harris on December 11, 1975. of the American Revolution. troop movements in the New York harbor I. A flowerbed simulating the first flag area. of the United States will again be planted in It was on that date, in Lexington, He was arrested for aiding the revolution. the park. Red and white salvias will be used Mass., that the story of America the free but after his imprisonment he was made a for the stripes and the blue and white began, a history that has seen our land trustee when the British learned he spoke ageratum wlll be used for the field and become a bastion of freedom and oppor­ German and could be used as an interpreter stars. tunity for the world. for the mercenary Hessian army. The Brit­ J. A Bicentennial Dance Recital will be ish also exploited his accounting skills. In staged by Mrs. Conway Bilbo. I have introduced a joint resolution­ a. short time he became the paymaster of the K. A Bicentennial Cooking School featur­ House Joint Resolution 688-to desig­ Hessian Army and a friend and advisor to ing recipes used by Colonial housewives wlll nate April 19 each year as National the Hessian officers and soldiers. be conducted by Mrs. Inez Mullendore, Mrs. Revolutionary War Day. I urge my col­ Salomon in his new position committed Mary Marks, Miss Elise Meyer, and Mrs. Pon­ leagues to support this declaration of the g.reater crimes against the British; he or­ jola Andrews. beginning of our Nation's fight for ganized mass desertions of the Hessians and L. An art show will be held at the.Welcome freedom. soon was imprisoned again. The charges of Center in the fall. The pictures displayed are treason against the crown, were recorded by the work of Mrs. Joy Gardner Reeves and the British as "the organizing of deserters in Mrs. Lilyan Causey, and depict scenes of PRESIDENT FORD, LET'S REEVALU­ the army and arson against the crown by Magnolia. ATE THE BICENTENNIAL having set fire to British supplies in the M. The Magnolia Bicentennial Girls, a New York harbor." While awaiting his trial, group of 12 from South Pike High, will ap­ he was imprisoned in a. cell that was horribly pear in dress styles that have been fashion­ HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ inhuman. The British jailer told Salomon able over the 200-year history of the coun­ OF NEW YORK "You will pray for your execution, beca.us~ try starting in 1776 and ending with -1975- that is how unbearable your confinement 76 at appropriate occasions during the Bi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will be." centennial Year. This will be under the Wednesday, October 8, 1975 Salomon after several months of confine­ direction of Mr. Harold Brannon. ment in prison, was tried by a British court. N. There will be a display of copies of Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise to He was found guilty of arson and causing products made during the Revolutionary bring to the attention of my colleagues, desertion. He was sentenced to be shot the period, under the direction of Mr. Brannon. and all Americans, the name of a great following day. However, on the eve of his It is possible that this display wlll be coupled patriot, Haym Salomon. execution a Hessian soldier helped him es­ with the Bicentennial Farmers Market. In the Bicentennial year when we are cape. Salomon did not make a. complete 0. There will be a. Band Sa.lute to the all pausing to reflect on those great revo­ escape from death, because in his lungs he Bicentennial in the late spring under the carried the first stages of tuberculosis, the direction of Mrs. Ka.tie Leggett and Mr. lutionary heroes-Washington, Jeffer­ deadly disease he developed in his prison cell. Ronnie Simmons. son, Franklin-I only hope that the He arrived in Phlladelphia without funds, P. There will be a. Bicentennial Parade name Haym Salomon will also be re­ as the British had confiscated all his pos­ on October 31, 1975 under the direction membered and honored, for without his sessions. He was gravely concerned about the of Mrs. Katie Leggett. Civic clubs and in­ assistance the "great experiment" in safety of his wife and child. Until he was dustrials are being asked to join with school democratic government might never able to contact Rebecca who had been forced classes and groups to make up this parade have taken place. to remain in New York, carefully guarded by of floats and cars which will be decorated the British, he borrowed money from Phila­ in keeping with the theme "Our Heritage." I insert into the RECORD a study done delphia Jews to start his business anew. Q. The citizens of Magnolia will be urged by a friend and constituent of mine, Mr. Salomon soon became the most success­ to wear Colonial costumes on appropriate Harry Sussman of Brooklyn, N.Y., who ful merchant in Philadelphia.. When a Jew­ occasions during the Bicentennial Year. writes so poetically about a true Ameri­ ish peddler smuggled Rebecca. and their R. The Telephone--100 years of service: can hero, Haym Salomon: chlld through the British lines, and brought Displays and recordings are to be supplied PRESIDENT FORD, LET'S REEVALUATE them to Philadelphia, Salomon became happy on the effort of the telephone industry and THE BICENTENNIAL as well as successful. placed at the Magnolia Community Center As Salomon's business prospered, he hired on November 10 and 11, 1975 by the South With the bicentennial celebration, our Mr. McCrea, an excellent record keeper as Central Bell Telephone Company, with dis­ traditional revolutionary heroes will be exalted once more. The nation will recall the his clerk. He had the Scotsman move into plays open to the general public. It ls to be heroic exploits of these men. his home, as Salomon worked day and night, used as a Rotary Club program and also Unfortunately, it is very possible that making small fortunes, which he repeatedly school children wlll be brought to see it. loaned to the Government of the Revolution. This is an exhibit of great educational value. in all the bicentennial furor, one man will be ignored. This man didn't contribute to our To expedite his business, he moved his S. The pastors of Magnolia wm hold a office to a. coffee shop on the waterfront that Brush Arbor Service downtown in Magnolia. country's revolution in the flashy conspicu­ ous manner of our well remembered generals was patronized by most of the merchants on July 4, 1976. The Ministers Committee and traders of Philadelphia.. It was there is headed by the Rev. Mr. Halbert Jenkins. and statesmen. However, without Haym Salo­ mon our revolution may never have been that Robert Morris, the revolution's first All residents of the area. are being urged treasurer, found Salomon and beseeched him to participate in this religious meeting, completed. Salomon contributed the most essential war material-money-when our to help save the revolution with desperately which will be the climax of Magnolia's year­ needed loans. long celebration. war effor.t was in dire need of funds. Every revolutionary.leader could have been Salomon was asked to sell the French notes, replaced, by one of his able assistants, per­ the money loaned to the Revolutionary Gov­ haps even General George Washington, by ernment by France. Robert Morris had been another military commander. However, there unsuccessful at sell1ng the French Notes. RESOLUTION TO DESIGNATE APRIL was one man for whom there was no sub­ The merchants were understandably afraid 19, NATIONAL REVOLUTIONARY stitute, because in the wings there was no they would have difficulty collecting upon DAY understudy or assistant for the role he them. Mr. Morris told Salomon that he could played in the Revolution. earn a. three per cent com.mission for sell1ng Mr. President, your bicentennial does n.ot the notes, but Salomon refused to make any HON. JOHN J. RHODES give much acknowledgement to this man's profit on his work for the revolution. He sacrifices and his vast lontributions to the accepted a. quarter of a. per cent, the sum OF ARIZONA revolution. This man was a Jewish immi­ it cost him. (The records reveal that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES grant named Haym Salomon. French Government pa.id the full three per Wednesday, October 8, 1975 He arrived in the colonies in New York cent commission to the sellers of the notes.) City penniless, having fled the unsuccessful This means that one of our revolutionary Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, during this revolution of the Polish people against Rus­ heros "ma.de a. healthy profit for himself 1n Bicentennial year, we are reviewing our sia.. Shortly after arriving in New York, he the name of patriotism". Nation's history and heritage. I am married Rebecca. Frank and wt.th some help Salomon, like Robert Morris before him, greatly pleased that our young people from her family he became a. very successful could not sell the French notes, until he are taking active part in this observ­ merchant. He was aided by his knowledge of personally guaranteed the payment of the eight languages and his excellent sk1lls in notes with his endorsement. ance of our 200 years as a Republic. accounting. The French Government, pleased with The eighth grade class at Ingleside When the revolution started, instead of Salomon's success at selling theilr notes, School, in Phoenix, Ariz., has embarked fleeing to Philadelphia. after the British cap­ asked him to become oftlcial Paymaster of on an exciting, ambitious project, to tured New York City, Salomon remained their Army. Sa.lomon accepted the Job, only October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3247.3 after it was agreed that he would not accept upon and repeatedly went to Salomon for the critical needs expressed by the any payment for his work. financial assistance. Amongst the others who people. Salomon began to have numerous cough­ visited the coffeehouse to receive financial The delay provided in this legislation ing seizures that caused hlm to faint. Mr. aid from Salomon were, James Madison, will enable the Congress to critically McCrea would carry the little man home 1n twice president of the United States; Arthur Lee, Ambassador to France; Baron Steubon, study the regulations HEW has issued his arms, and the doctors would be sum­ in order to determine if they will satis­ moned. The medical advise was always the Inspector General of the Continental Army; same: a lengthy bed rest for the patient. General Miffien, the Governor of Pennsylva­ factorily meet the need for nationwide But, in a few days, ignoring the pleadings nia; General St. Clair, one of the best mili­ day care center staffing standards. It is of Rebecca and his doctors, Salomon was tary commanders of the Revolution; Colonel the responsibility of the Cor;_gress to back at work. To Rebecca's persuasions, his Bland, member of congress from Virginia; determine if HEW's regulations properly answer was always the same, "I'll rest when James Wilson, a signer of the Declaration of reflect the human needs and economic the war is over. There ls no one else to do Independence; and even the Treasurer of the Revolution himself, Robert Morris who resources of day care operators and users. my work. Washington needs money for the had been a man of wealth, but the war had The Senate Finance Committee has army, and I must get this money or the war left him essentially without funds. already initiated its investigation into will be lost. With 1t, the Uberty we are The money Salomon loaned out was a vast this matter, and I am confident that the struggling for." fortune. James Madison, in a letter to a friend House Public Assistance Subcommittee Haym Salomon drained the purses of the in 1783 wrote, "The expediency of drawing will also begin an examination of this Philadelphia Jews and he sent couriers to bills on Virginia, even the most inconse­ raise money from the Jews 1n other cities issue in detail. The next 4 months will quential has been tried in vain. be very valuable in insuring the ability that had not been occupied by the British. "I am fast relapsing in pecuniary distress. In the coffee house he continually encour­ The case of my brethrens is equally alarming. of our day care industry to comply with aged purchases of the Government Bonds "I have been a pensioner for time on the nationwide staffing standards, and for and the French Notes to merchants who came favor of Haym Salomon. I am almost ashamed this reason, I urge quick passage of the to buy and sell sugar, rum, tobacco, timber, to reiterate my wants so incessantly to you. conference report on H.R. 7706 in the blankets, pirate loot captured by American The kindness of our friend near the coffee House and Senate. Buccaneers, etc. Salomon always managed to house (Haym Salomon) ls a fund will pre­ As the body of Government closest to promote the sale of the bonds and notes, be­ serve me from extremities, but I never re­ fore he would allow the normal trading of the people, we are in the most advan­ sort to it without great mortification, as he tageous position to assess the needs· of commodities by the merchants. obstinately rejects all recompense. To many During a great crisis, the a.rmy morale slip­ delegates he always spares them supplies, our constituents with regard to day care ping fast, Washington sent for Robert Morris. etc, etc." staffing standards and implement He urged Morris with haste to raise larger The official records of Robert Morris, the responsible regulations. Passage of this sums of money for the army. As soon as Mor­ Treasurer of the Revolution shows that re­ conference report will give us the neces­ ris returned to Philadelphia, he sent for peatedly the only money loaned to the gov­ sary time to act upon the opinions of Salomon. He impressed upon Salomon the ernment came from Haym Salomon. Morris the people we serve. desperate need for funds. Salomon shook his even wrote to a friend in l 7'al, "The treasury head, restrained his coughing and went to was so much in arrears to servants (govern­ raise the staggering sum that Robert Morris ment leaders) in public affairs that many had asked him to raise. After exhausting of them could not without payment perform OUR POLISH HERITAGE every means, Salomon returned a week later their duties but must have gone to jail for and delivered the money that saved the army. debts they had contacted to enable them to Hardly had a week passed when a.gain live, had they not been favored with as­ Washington summoned Morris to the army sistance from Haym Salomon." HON. JAMES J. DELANEY encampment. He told his treasurer he was Shortly after the war ended, Haym Salo­ OF NEW YORK planning a major offensive in the south and mon went into a coughing seizure from needed at once money in order to move the which he never recovered. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES army. Morris returned to Philadelphia and One can visua.lize how vast a fortune this Wednesday, October 8, 1975 although he knew he had exhausted every swn was when we recall the first budget means of raising money, he nevertheless sent of the United States, in 1794 was only $2,- Mr. DELANEY. Mr. Speaker, barely a for Salomon. 002,830.50. We can evaluate what $700,000.00 year after it was founded, England's first When Salomon received the new request to could purchase at that time when we realize settlement in America stood on the verge raise money, he was stunned. To himself he l't was the sum needed to operate the gov­ of collapse. Only 32 of the original band asked, "Wasn't Robert Morris aware that he ernment of the United States for four of 105 settlers survived the bitter winter had drained every possible dollar he could months. Today we need over one hundred raise just last week." It was too soon to try cold at Jamestown, and Capt. John billion dollars to do the same job. Smith was soon beseeching his London again, and he was virtually without funds I don't see how this nation can have a himself. wholesome and honest bicentennial unless backers to "send but 30 carpenters, black­ For the next few days, he sat in the coffee Haym Salomon's contribution is given to its smiths, and masons rather than a thou­ house dreaming and praying for something to proper acclaim. If not for Haym Salomon, sand such as we have here." happen, when suddenly into the coffee house the development of our country may have On September 25, 1608, a small ship entered a boisterous buccaneer captain been so impeded that the celebration of our sailed up the James River bearing six shouting as he walked towards Haym, "Salo­ bicentennial would have to take place, pos­ skilled artisans. Axes in hand, they fol­ mon you're a lucky Jew. It must have been sibly in 2015, and possibly not at all. a dozen miracles that saved my ship and crew lowed Smith into the woods and set about from the British. I'm back alive with ten making a clearing. Within 3 weeks they times profit for you and the others who in­ had a roaring fire going under a glass vested in my ship." furnace, the first factory in the English Salomon was soon rushing to Robert Mor­ CONGRESS ACTS TO DELAY IMPLE­ colonies in America. They tapped the ris with the money that Washington needed MENTATION OF HEW DAY CARE pine trees and distilled tar and pitch. to move the army. In Philadelphia the mer­ STAFFING REGULATIONS They set up a soap works and erected a chants were whispering, "Salomon's business saw mill. Goaded by their example, the is too lucky. God must be his silent partner." To the officers of the revolution, both mlll­ HON. JAMES R. JONES entire settlement was soon hard at work. tary and civil, Salomon became the man they OF OKLAHOMA And so it was, that the colony was saved by Michal Lowicki, Zbigniew Stefanski, turned to when in need of money. The revo­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lution was financially without funds. There Jur Mata, Jan Bogdan, Karol Zrenica, was not even enough money to pay the sol­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 and Stanislaw Sadowski-Polish-Amer­ diers 1n battle. The only money available was Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, icans all, who landed in America some 12 for the desperately needed m111tary supplies Thursday the House of Representatives years before the Mayflower. for combat. will vote on the conference report on 'Db.is Saturday, October 11, millions of The list of those who made repeated visits their descendents will be commemorat­ for financial help to Salomon was the 'who's H.R. 7706, which contains a provision to delay implementation for 4 months of ing the 196th anniversary of the heroic who' of the Revolution itself. Amongst those death of another of their compatriots who asked for help was the third president the HEW day care staffing regulations. of the Republic, Thomas Jefferson, who was Our vote will signal the final House who helped_ to forge our heritage of free­ Secretary of State to General Washington action on this legislation, which has dom. Count Casimir Pulaski, a nobleman during the war. received the careful, expeditious con­ and army officer, joined our Revolution­ Jefl'erson, to work, needed, money to eXist sideration of the House, in response to ary Forces in 1777. Rising rapidly to 32474 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 prominence, he became brigadier general mental issues. On all fronts, more and was pictured as a multinational "octo­ and chief of cavalry, commanding the more people are beginning to perceive the pus," its tentacles embracing at least 70 legion that bore his name. General disadvantages, as well as the advantages, other firms, which sought to swallow a Pulaski fell while fighting for our liberty of the welfare state. It is so easy for bu­ small American fish. at the seige of Savannah on October 11, reaucracies to get out of hand ana out­ Mr. Speaker, the description may be 1779. And so it was, since the earliest live their usefulness. What Congress in­ appropriate but it is not completely ac­ days, Americans of Polish descent have nocently creates in a particular crisis curate. An octopus does not merely swal­ contributed their rich cultural, histori­ may become self-perpetuating and ir­ low its prey. It traps the victim with the cal, and spiritual heritage to this our relevant in another period. We simply do tip of a sucker-covered tentacle, draws land. not have a big enough budget forever to the helpless object inexorably toward the And so it is, and so it will be, that expand our Government and all its pro­ center where, with its sharp beak, it rips Polish-Americans continue to play a vital grams and regulations. and tears the victim to shreds. When it role in the promise of our Nation. I has consumed what it wants, the remains salute them. Niech B6g Poblogoslawi. are left for the scavengers of the sea. Copperweld feels that Imetal is hun­ MADE IN AMERICA-BUT BY WHOM? gry for the domestic firm's profits and assets, the patents and technology, and THE NEED TO REGULATE when Imetal has consumed those, Cop­ REGULATIONS HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS perweld and its workers will be discard­ OF PENNSYLVANIA ed on the economic shoals of interna­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional business. HON. MARK W. HANNAFORD Wednesday, October 8, 1975 Over the past few years, foreign in­ OF CALIFORNIA vestors have shown increasing interest IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, just about in our sagging economy. They have come 200 years ago, freedom-loving American in greater numbers, buying businesses at Wednesday, October 8, 1975 colonialists, rubbed raw by the edicts o.r bargain basement prices. The upsurge in Mr. HANNAFORD. Mr. Speaker, one an English king, decided to be the rru:t.&­ foreign holdings here has been drama tic of the most striking developments in the ters of their own house. They believed so and frightening. present Congress is the reaction among "Strongly in this cause, they took up As late as 1971, there was little con­ members of both parties and all political arms * * * and won. cern over foreign investments in the persuasions against the growing bu­ The tri-cornered hat toppled the gold.­ United States. That year, only $300 mil­ reaucracy. This was evidenced last week en crown. America, as a nation and a lion were invested in the United States. by two important floor actions. First of people, was free. Never again would for­ The following year, foreign investments all, by a resounding vote of four to one, eign interests manipulate the lives of more than doubled, reaching $708 mil­ Congress withdrew from the Environ­ our people through political or economic lion. Then, in 1973, the dam burst. For­ mental Protection Agency the right to power. eign investments that year totaled an restrict parking. But, today, for the first time since astonishing $3 billion, an increase of 1,000 The EPA's parking regulations had 1776, Americans are being subjected to percent over 1971 and bringing the value been a monument to the zeal and ex­ decisions and dictates from abroad. On of all foreign holdings in the United cesses of arbitrary and bureaucratic law­ the eve of the Bicentennial anniversary States to nearly $18 billion. making. Perhaps they were appropriate of the American Revolution, we find a Accurate figures for 1974 are not avail­ to some of the older cities on the east greater part of our Nation's economic able but it is estimated that at least $2.5 coast, but they could have put many structure supported by foreign interests. billion were invested that year, raising other cities out of business-including We find more American workers whose the total value of direct foreign invest­ Lakewood, Calif., where as mayor I had jobs and future depend not on American ments to more than $20 billion. to cope with them. employers but on the whims of foreign Nevertheless, it was 1973 which trig­ The second area of legislative reaction owners. gered the alarm over the impact of in­ was the agriculture bill which compro­ As recently as late August, this fact vestments. During that year, foreign in­ mised on the matter of regulating the use was driven home in my 20th Congres­ vestors engaged in 129 separate projects of insecticides and fungicides. The "lib­ sional District of Pennsylvania, when a in the United States. Japan led the field eral" amendment offered by Congress­ French firm launched an attack to seize with 45, followed by Canada with 22; man BROWN of California, simply to re­ control of the major employer · in the West Germany, 19; and Great Britain, authorize present EPA regulations, failed small borough of Glassport-Copperweld 12. Even more disturbing than these by a lopsided majority. Moreover, an Corp. numbers, is the scope of their ventures; amendment by Congressman SYMMS of An official of Copperweld has described heavy manufacturing, petroleum, nat­ Idaho, which virtually would have re­ the takeover attempt as a "blitzkrieg ural gas, agriculture, real estate, textiles, moved all regulations against the use of * * * a careful plan to take over Cop­ mineral production, chemicals, and steel. pesticides, was defeated by the slimmest perweld before we knew what hit it." In its April 7 issue, Industry Week of margins. On August 27, 13,000 shares of Copper­ magazine reported foreign ownership of These actions-and particularly the weld stock was traded, nearly four times domestic energy production totaled fact that they came on the same day­ the normal day's activity. The next day, nearly $4.5 billion by 1973, and is likely are good evidence that the pendulum is as word of the proposed takeover spread, to go higher as energy short nations seek swinging away from stringent regula­ 36,700 shares were traded and on Au­ a great share of U.S. production. tions, even for such a worthy purpose as gust 29, puzzled Copperweld officials The Federal Energy Administration preserving the environment. learned what was in the wind. listed 9 percent of all U.S. petroleum pro­ For my own part, I want to be identi­ At 9: 05 a.m. that morning, Copper­ duction as controlled by foreign firms. fied as an environmentalist, but only as weld was informed by representatives of According to the FEA, foreign interests a realistic one who recognizes that an Sooiete !metal, a French holding com­ also won about 3 percent of our product­ acceptable standard of living requires a pany controlled by the Baron Guy de ible oil w~lls, 11 percent of proved oil re­ certain economic as well as ecological Rothschild, that a tender offer was being serves, and 15 percent of proved natural environment. I hope the choice is not made to stockholders in an effort to buy gas reserves. between choking and starving to death. all the firm's shares. The rapid and massive accumulation While I will not tolerate further deterio­ Copperweld officials, along with the of wealth over the past 2 years by the ration of our natural resources, I will ac­ nearly 4,700 employees in plants from oil-producing nations of the Mideast cept a slower pace of improvement in the Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Illinois were created even greater uneasiness. When interests of a broader material welfare. stunned. Hastily, management and labor the sheiks shut off the flow of oil and The important thing is that good prog­ joined forces to repeal this assault. Court began pumping up the price, -they trig­ ress is made. It is less important whether action was instigated to halt the sale and gered international economic turmoil. it is made at a gallop or a trot. a decision is still pending. Japan and the heavy industrialized This does not rela~ alone to environ-. In the court testimony, Societe Imetal nations of Europe had been enjoying the October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32475 good life. Their trade dealings with the ployment and an aid to the balance of the negative aspects of the lives of junior United States, which included no limit payments position of the United States. high and high school students. on their exports to our markets, had On the other hand, he pointed out, for­ In my capacity as chairman of the netted them fat surpluses of American eign investments also could be seen as Subcommittee on Communications, I am dollars. They were on a shopping trip to "an economic defeat," resulting in an particularly concerned about the image the United States when their spree was alarming takeover by foreigners of of teenagers as portrayed by television. cut short by the machinations of the oil America's productive assets. Although some quality programing in­ countries. I can understand those who look on volving teenagers exists, the overwhelm­ Their need for Arab oil was so great the influx of foreign owners as a means ing number of programs show our youth they had to have it, regardless of cost. of obtaining funds for capital expansion either as perpetrators or victims of crime. Consequently, billions of Eurodollars not available here or as a crutch for our With the exception of a few good situa­ and Asiandollars were funneled into unemployment problem. However, to­ tion comedies and programs such as "It's the OPEC nations and converted into the day's blessing can be tomorrow's curse. Academic" no positive image of teens and new petrodollar. It might be good business for a foreign public schools can be viewed on televi­ Almost overnight the OPEC nations investor, loaded with an excess amount of sion. were up to their derricks in dollars with American dollars, to unload them here It would be difficult to overstate the no place to spend them-except in the by buying a U.S. business at a cutrate pervasiveness of television in the United United States. They came with bulging price. But, is it good business for America States. The average home set is on more moneybags to buy banks, shopping cen­ to allow this to happen? than 6 hours a day. We know that by the ters, office buildings, stocks and securi­ Is it good business for America to time a child has finished high school, he ties, even an island off South Carolina. put the control of key industries, stra­ has spent 11,000 hours in classrooms and I suspect they are attempting to build a tegic raw materials and vital resources 15,000 hours watching television during buffer for themselves in anticipation of into the hands of someone whose na­ those years. We also know from a report the day when their black gold no longer tional loyalties are not to the United made to the Surgeon General's Office on is available or is replaced by another States but to a foreign government? television and social behavior that what source of energy. I do not believe so. Apparently, neither we see on television has an impact upon Consequently, I was most interested do many foreign governments. Many of our behavior. Further, research on the in a report from the American Iron and them are taking steps to become or to Nation's viewing habits has shown that Steel Institute which said OPEC na­ remain the masters of their own house. children and adolescents are attracted to tions already have undertaken ambitious Canada, Sweden, Mexico, Australia, Italy, programs featuring characters their own plans to develop a viable steel industry Japan, and West Germany are among age. of their own by 1985. Joint agreements, those nations adopting restrictive meas­ Our young people today are confronted according to AISI, already have been en­ ures to prevent foreign interests from with great tensions and difficult deci­ tered into for the construction of some taking over industries vital to the wel­ sions as they make the transition from plants. fare and security of their people. Can teenager to adult. As adults let us not Now, anyone in southwestern Penn­ America do less for Americans? then make this journey even more pre­ sylvania knows there are two basic needs For several years now, I have been carious. I am not making a case here to­ for any steel industry: money to fund urging the Congress of the United States day for censorship of the media, but I the immense capital investment in­ to take similar action for our indus­ am emphasizing the need for providing volved-which the Arabs certainly have trially developed country. I do not want our children with a more positive mirror and ready access to vital raw materials, to prohibit foreign investments; I want of themselves. Television offers a re­ energy and technology-which they may only to limit them to reasonable levels. markable variety of program content in­ not have but can readily purchase. Consequently, I have introduced legisla­ cluding news, sports, music, politics, edu­ AISI warns: "The ability of the Mid­ tion under which a foreign investor could cation, discussion programs, worship east oil countries to invest in the indus­ obtain up to 5 percent of voting stock and services, and entertainment shows. In tries of developed-and that, is a very 35 percent of nonvoting stock in certain creating these programs for our own edu­ important word--countries and their existing American industries. These re­ cation and enjoyment, we seem to have strong potential capability of building strictions would not preclude the estab­ overlooked a vital segment of the popu­ sophisticated national industries could lishment of new industry with capital lation: our country's young_people be­ catapult these infant steel industries into and technology from abroad. tween the ages of 13 and 17. world recognition in the near future." Overall, such legislation provides the In conclusion, I would urge all my col­ What does that mean for domestic opportunity for industry expansion and leagues to read the following letter writ­ steel producers and steelworkers? A new employment growth while still maintain­ ten to me by the National Association of order for steel, perhaps, to build the ing control of American industries. Secondary School Principals requesting plants. Then what? Another competitor I am convinced that any nation, in­ congressional help in promoting better in the already crowded international cluding the United States, which loses television programing for teenagers: steel market? Will we soon find Arabian the ability to produce for itself, loses the NATIONAL AsSOCIATION steel flooding American markets? capability to survive. The loss of eco­ OF SECONDARY ScHOOL PRINCIPALS, And, if the Mid-East steel barons also nomic control leads to the loss of po­ Reston, Va., September 5, 1975. Hon. TORBERT H. MACDONALD, control the source and supply of raw litical control. The loss of political con­ Chairman, Subcommittee on Communica­ materials in this country, will they sell trol, for any nation, leads to bondage. tions, Committee on Interstate and to American competitors or ship it back Foreign Commerce, Washington, D .C. home for their own mills? DEAR MR. MACDONALD: The National Asso­ This is what is happening, to a degree, ciation of Secondary School Principals has in the Nation's fishing industry. The U.S. YOUTH AND TELEVISION become increasingly concerned about the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad­ PROGRAMING quality of television programming available to American youth. Our concern has now ministration is concerned about the take­ developed to the point of the Association's over of commercial fishing fleets by the making a strong statement on the problem. Japanese. By buying U.S. fleets, the Jap­ HON. TORBERT H. MACDONALD The Association is concerned by the omis­ anese obtain the rights to fish within OF MASSACHUSETTS sions as well as by the commissions of the U.S. territorial limits and what is to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES broadcast television. We are concerned, not prevent them from shipping their entire only about such matters as violence on tele­ catch back to Japan, leaving the Ameri­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 vision and its effect upon children and youth, can consumer adrift. we are also concerned about the lack of a. Mr. MACDONALD of Massachusetts. positive mirror on television by which yout h Yet, not all Americans are disturbed Mr. Speaker, as a legislator and parent, may view itself. High school youth are ex­ at the growth of foreign investments I am aware of the ongoing debate today traordinarily impressionable and should here. One economic expert said it de­ among adults regarding our Nation's enjoy the opportunity of viewing themselves pends on the point of view. Foreign in- teenagers and the public schools they at- on television as something besides dance vestments, he noted, could be considered tend. Unfortunately, much of the em- partners at beach-side concerts or as syco­ a welcome stimulant to American em- phasis in these discussions has been on phants, hanging upon every word of the local 324~6 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 disc jockey; nor should they see themselves Further information is available from And break up the oil and gas companies­ as victims in various detective or adventure Carl J. Goodman, general counsel U.S. even though no one of them has more than series. Rather, youth should have some op­ Civil Service Commission, 202-632-6124 10 or 11 % of the U.S. market. Such a bust­ portunity to view themselves at their best, up, they argue, will "bring back competition competing with one another academically and from William Holzman, alumni di­ and lower prices." That is about as likely to and athletically, performing in dramatic pro­ rector, 250 Joralemon Street, Brooklyn, happen as it is that Congress will acquire ductions and musical affairs, participating in N.Y. 11201. 212-625-2200. some economic sense. community service activities, developing com­ Upshot of all this "doing good" is tha.t munity projects, as with the bicentennial the small. businessman, not the big one, is and similar themes, and in the display of being driven out of business; the consumer special talents such as designing clothes, ON PETRIFIED OPINIONS is being forced to buy products that are no building rockets, adventuring down rivers, safer nor cleaner nor more functional at two etc., etc. and three times what they cost before Gov­ Because it appears that we are losing ernment started to help; and there's hardly ground rather than gaining ground on tele­ HON. DEL CLAWSON a person in the land who hasn't been told vision programming for youth, the Associa­ OF CALIFORNIA by some agency or other that his neighbor tion has, for the first time in its history, ls not to be trusted. made rec_ommendations beyond its tradi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The sarcasm is that their failures only tional concern with on-campus and in-school Wednesday, October 8, 1975 spur them to try ha·rder, make the s·ame mis­ affairs. takes but with more vigor and at higher The Association knows about the work of Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, an cost. Government Executive completed a sur­ Action for Children's Television and com­ editorial in the October issue of Govern­ vey recently of 570 leading U.S. industrial mends its progress in improving program­ ment Executive discusses the tangle of executives. One result: 86% of them said ming for children. It appears, however, that regulatory redtape toward which my bill, that, in the main, Government controls on no such powerful citizens group currently ts H.R. 8231, and succeeding identical bills how they conducted their businesses, viz. hir­ operating for the benefit of youth, particu­ are directed. It is a situation which a ing practices, environmental protection, larly youth aged 12-18. One result of such a respected member of the business com­ worker safety, et al., added more to the price void has been the cancellation of the pro­ of their products and services than the bene­ gram "It's Academic" in the Chicago area. munity in my hometown of Downey, fits the rules supposedly provided are worth. From 1968-1974 I was superintendent of Calif., briefiy described as "far from The worst of the violators: Congress and Evanston Township High School in the Chi­ what I believe and understand the free its legislative staffs; the Cost Accounting cago area, and the participation of our stu­ enterprise system is supposed to work." Standards Board; Labor; Health, Education dents in the "It's Academic" program was If my constituent could state, "To be & Welfare; Treasury (inc·luding IRS, of important to the secondary school students honest with you, we are at a point where course) ; Justice; the Consumer Product of Evanston as well as providing some rein­ we question whether it is worthwhile to Safety Admin.; EPA; Occupational Safety & forcement for the values of education. Health Admin.; Equal Employment Oppor­ I would hope in your position as Chairman continue in business" I am sure he is not tuni·tY Commission; SEC; and the Fede:ml of the Subcommittee on Communications of alone. The editorial follows at this point Trade Commission. the Committee on Interstate and Foreign in the RECORD: It seems passing strange to us that if, as Commerce that you would begin to speak ON PETRIFmD OPINIONS the Naderites say, Big Business owns the to the important needs of a unique and large­ Mark Twain once wrote, "Loyalty to petri­ Government, they should find so much op­ ly ignored segment of the viewing public, fied opinions never yet broke a chiain or freed pression and ignorance in it. American youth. We offer our encouragement a human soul in this world-and never will." But we think even more fascinating is and support to you in this matter. We shall Little wonder government is held in such something else we've learned. Each of these hope, in addition, to become more active. in low esteem in this Nation. It is afilicted with outfits with a singular mission is driving promotion of good programming for youth such a mass of misinformation leading to so hard for governmentail supremacy, they've on broadcast television. ' ossified ideas and bankrupting decisions that begun to attack each other. , Your consideration of this letter is appre­ its chance of picking a right course on any At a seminar on regulatory reform (spon­ ciated. subject is slim. And Mark Twain hasn't been sored jointly by the American Enterprise Sincerely yours, around to rattle its smug confidence in it­ Institute and the Hoover Insti.tution), SCOTT D. THOMSON, self for upwards of three generations. former Ca'lifornia Governor Ronald Reagan Associat.e Secretary for Research. The result is that mythology abounds. told the audience: Legislators and regulators dream up new "I have had Congressmen tell me they are rules (25,000 regulations last year alone from more frightened of defying a Government just the Feds), create new report forms agency than they are of the oonstituency BROOKLYN LAW SCHOOL ALUMNI (5,175 at current count out of Washington, back home. These agencies have become so IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA TO D.C., for one) to "catch those crooks in in­ big and powerful, they have the capacity to dustry who sit around all day dreaming up destroy a Cong·ressman in his own district MEET sins against society." if they should so choose." Bureaucracies bloat with little collections That's not the half of it. Justice Depart­ of Godfathers bent on protecting the "con­ ment has objected to Transportation Secre­ HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO sumer," the "little businessman," the "mi­ tary WiUiam Coleman's regulatory reform OF NEW YORK norities," the "female" from being gobbled up plans on grounds they encroach its anti­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by the "male chauvinists of Big Business." trust jurisdictions. The Federal Maritime Trouble is, none, or at least very few, of Commission is taking the Interstate Com­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 these advocates have any more knowledge merce Commission into court on grounds than they had at high school graduation ICC has overstepped I.ts authority. Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, the fol­ about what it is they're attacking. The Equai Employment Opportunity Com­ lowing announcement which I recently They clamp a lid on the price of natural mission has filed suit against the state of received from our former colleague Judge gas to "protect the consumer" from being New Hampshire, demanding that State em­ Abe Multer, may be of interest to alumni monopolized by 3,000 competing natural gas ployees be 1-isted by race and ethnic origin of Brooklyn Law School residing in the companies. He's protected, all right-right on Federal census forms. (Governor Meldrim Nation's Capital. into losing his job and having his house turn Thomson told state agencies to list employees "On Thursday, October 16th, 1975 from cold because he can't get any natural gas at as "American.") 6 p.m. to 8 p.m. in room 2361 of the Ray­ all any more. The Federal Trade Commission has told a Do these self-styled advocates learn any­ Federal Court the Federial Communications burn Office Building, there will be an thing from all that? Yes. Put a lid on do­ Commission "failed to do its job properly" organization meeting of the Washington, mestic oil prices and public utility rates, too. when it gave aipproval to an IBM-Comsat D.C. Chapter of the Brooklyn Law School They've got "huge profits" hidden away in a joint venture in domestic satellite communi­ Alumni Association. mattress somewhere. They'll cough it up to cations. OSHA and HEW are fighting over All alumni in the area are cordially invest in new explorations if enough pressure whether plastic liners should or should not invited to attend. is put on. be allowed in hospital waste baskets. Meanwhile, bankers, whose livelihood de­ HEW ls also busy refuting safety and other The law school dean, Hon. Raymond pends on looking at the facts, not the frills, compUance rulings in the past by the Joint E. Lisle, former Director of the Office cut off the industries' line of credit because Commission on Accreditation of Hospttals. of Eastern European Affairs, State De­ they're running in the red. Well, say these Several regulatory agencies, including the partment, and Hon. Abraham J. Multer, haters of the "industrial conspiracy," they SEC, are sore at a House Commerce Subcom­ New York State Supreme Court Justice have a way of getting at that, too. Pass a mittee for sending them a questionnaire and and president of the association, will law making bankers and company board demanding fast answers. The mm tary and speak briefiy. Justice Multer served in members personally liable, financially and the Veterans Administration are arguing the House of Representatives from 1947 criminally, if found guilty, on hindsight, of with EPA over a proposed EPA can-and­ through 1967. "gross negligence." bottle recycling regulation. October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32477

In short, Government has grown so huge also clear that the fetus is not a life in being ls open-textured it confers little if any power and choked with conflicts, it is close to halt­ at the early stages of pregnancy, is not en­ on judges. ing itself in its own tracks. Everybody, it titled to constitutional protection, and the Matters have turned out quite the other seems, is policing everytbody else. Constitution cannot be construed to forbid way around. The judges have little to do Maybe a good project for the Bicentennial abortion. Well and good again. But the fetus with the manifest Constitution; they chiefly people (they haven't been able to accomplish is a potential life, and the Court acknowl­ exercise power by invoking its open texture. much of anything else) would be to criss­ edges that society has a legitimate interest But Marshall was right in his view that the cross the country, asking why we don't all in it. So has the individual-the mother, mani!est Constitution is law, and a. special a.ct like members of the same family any and one would suppose also the father; an kind of law at that, imposing a duty to obey more.-C. W. Borklund interest that may be characterized as a of the sort that does not definitely attach, claim to personal privacy, which in some except broadly, in the aggregate, to other contexts the Constitution has been found general law in our system, and imposing it to protect. The individual's interest, here, most particularly on all officers of govern­ overrides society's interest in the first three ment, state and federal, who by Article VI THE MANIFEST CONSTITUTION IS months and, subject only to health regu­ are oath-bound to support the Constitution. LAW lations, also in the second; in the third tri­ There is a moral duty, and there ought to mester, society is preeminent. be, for those to whom it is applicable-most One is left to ask, why? The Court never often, officers of government--to obey the HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST said. It refused the discipline to which its manifest Constitution, unless and until it is OF vmGINIA function is properly subject. It simply as­ altered by the amendment process it itself IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES serted the result it reached. That is all the provides for, a duty analogous to the duty to Court could do because moral philosophy, obey final judicial decrees. No President may Wednesday, October 8, 1975 logic, reason, or other materials of law can decide to stay in office for a term of six yea.rs Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, in give no answer. If medical considerations rather than four, or, since the Twenty-sec­ the discussions surrounding the Su­ only were involved, a satisfactory rational ond Amendment, to run for a third term. preme Court's January 22, 1973, decision answer might be arrived at. But, as the Court There is an absolute duty to obey; to disobey acknowledged, they are not. Should not the is to deny the idea of constitutionalism, on abortion, the Constitution itself is question then have been left to the political that special kind of law which establishes a seldom mentioned. The fact that the process, which in state after state can achieve set of preexisting rules within which society Court abrogated to itself the privilege of not one but many accommodations, adjust­ works out all its other rules from time to legislation is overlooked. I am intro­ ing them from time to time as attitudes time. To deny this idea is in the most funda­ ducing at this point in the RECORD an change it? It ls astonishing that only two mental sense to deny the idea of law itself. excerpt from an article entitled "Notes dissented from the Court's decision, although The liberal contractarta.n tradition, as Jus­ on the Constitution," which appeared in Justice Potter Stewart noted in his agree­ tice Black represented it, posits a duty to the August 1975, issue of Commentary. ment, presumably with some discomfort, obey judicial decrees, and beyond that a duty that the decision joined the long line of to obey the manifest Constitution, and a fur­ The article was written by the late Alex­ earlier cases imposing judicially-made social ther duty to obey the general law the Court ander M. Bickel, former Sterling pro­ policy to which Holmes had objected. The makes in the open texture. And yet the mani­ fessor of law at Yale Law School and dissenters were Justices Byron White and fest Constitution presents problems, just as one of the most eminent authorities on William Rehnquist. The Court's decision was popular sovereignty does in its way. For the constitutional law of this century. an "extravagant exercise" of judicial power, contra.ctarian liberal is a moralist, and the Because I share his view that juris­ said Justice White; it was a legislative rather moralist will find it difficult to sacrifice his diction over the question of abortion, than judicial action, suggested Justice Rehn­ aims in favor of structure and process, to quist. So it was, and if the Court's guess on sacrifice substance for form. Yet process and which illvolves the termination of a po­ the probable and desirable direction of prog­ form, which is the embodiment of process. tential human life, properly belongs in ress is wrong, that guess will nevertheless are the essence of the theory and practice of the hands of the people o.f each State, have been imposed on all fifty states. cons titu tionalism. I have introduced House Joint Resolu­ Normal legislation, enacted by legislatures, I have shared, and do share, the tendency tion 96 toward this end. not judges, is happily less rigid and less pre­ of the liberal imagination to respect the I hope that my colleagues will give sumptuous in claims to universality and moral claims of justice against the status Mr. Bickel's words a careful reading and permanence is illusory in any case, for the quo. Yet I insist more strongly, even passion­ take into account his statements re­ ongoing political process which follows upon ately, quite as if I were talking about justice, the declaration of law is another discipline on a politics of the computing principle, garding the "manifest constitution." the Court is subject to. Yet the Court is not which Burke urged upon us. It seems to me THE MANIFEST CONSTITUTION Is LAW excused in transgressing all limits, in re­ to make everything else possible. Without it, (By Alexander Bickel) fusing its own prior discipline, for in its in the stark universe of imperatives, in the On January 22, 1973, the Supreme Court, initial process of law formation the Court politics of ideal promises and inevitable be­ paying formal tribute to Holmes's 1905 dis­ is not under the discipline of the political trayals, justice ls not merely imperfect, as sent but violating its spirit, undertook to process. Neither the Court nor its principles under the computing principle, but soon be­ settle the abortion issue. In place of the directly originate there. The discipline is comes injustice. various state abortion statutes in contro­ subsequent. versy and in flux, the Supreme Court pre­ Such is the Court's function under the scribed a virtually uniform statute of its Constitution of open texture, as it is aptly own. During the first three months of preg­ called. There ls another Constitution as well; NATIONAL WOMEN'S POLITICAL nancy, the Court decreed, a woman and her I will call it the manifest Constitution; it is CAUCUS SUPPORTS HATCH ACT physician may decide on an abortion quite the Constitution of structure and process, REFORM free of any interference by the state, except not of due process or equal protection, and as the state requires the physician to be certainly not of due process or equal protec­ licensed; during the second three months tion, and certainly not of metaphysical privi­ the state may impose health regulations, but leges and immunities. More theory has to be HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY not forbid abortion; during the last three poured into it than can be extracted; it is OF MISSOURI months, the state may if it chooses forbid the Constitution of the mechanics of institu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as well as regulate. That may be a wise tional arrangements and of the political model statute, although there is consider­ process, of power allocation and the division Wednesday, October 8, 1975 able question why the Court foreclosed state of powers, and the historically defined hard Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, the National regulation of the places where the abor­ core of procedural provisions, found chiefly Women's PoUtical Caucus recently held tion is to be performed. The state regu­ in the Bill of Rights. These hard-core pro­ a convention in Boston. I am pleased to lates and licenses restaurants and pool halls visions, as Felix Frankfurter once wrote, have announce that this distinguished orga­ and Turkish baths and God knows what else a relative "definiteness of terms" and defi­ in order to protect the public; why may it niteness of history," derived from the spe­ nization adopted a resolution urging Con­ not similarly regulate and license abortion cific grievances the Framers meant to re­ gress to modify the Hatch Act. They took clinics, or doctors' offices where abortions dress. In establishing the power of judicial a stand to endorse and strive for the are to be performed? review in 1803, in Marbury v. Madison, vest­ passage of H.R. 8617, a Federal Employ­ But 1! the Court's model statute ls gen­ ing the Supreme Court with value-definition ee's Political Activities Act of 1975. erally intel11gent, what is the justification I want to share with my colleagues both for its imposition? If this statute, why exercised in the name of the Constitution, not one on proper grounds of divorce, or on John Marshall spoke of the Constitution as the letter and the resolution entitled adoption of children? Medical evidence, the law, and reasoned that when it ls properly "Restoring the Right of Political Par­ Court tells us now, shows that abortions invoked before them in a case, judges must ticipation to Public Employees." I believe during the first three months of pregnancy enforce it. He spoke as if most of it were these merit the attention of all House present no great risk. Well and good. It 1s manifest, and suggested later that where it Members: 32478 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975

WASHINGTON, D.C., , Further, with these indicatio~ of unac­ Concorde, began holding strategy sessions. July 30, 1975. ceptable pressure, those of us m Congress Some of their decisions: Hon. WILLIAM CLAY, should seriously consider once again put­ Rep. Bella Abzug (D-Manhattan) ls to try Chairman, Subcommittee on Employee Po­ to get an SST ban attached to an airports litical Rights, Washington, D.C. ting the force of law behind a ban on the bill. This tactic, tried twice before, has fallen DEAR CHAmMAN CLAY: I am pleased to an­ SST-Concorde. a few votes short of success. nounce that the National Women's Polltlcal Harry Pearson of Newsday has again Rep. William J. Randall (D-Mo.) an­ Caucus at the recent convention held in done a fine job of uncovering the con­ nounced a second round of hearings, ten­ Boston adopted a resolution supporting the tinuing pressure from the White House tatively to begin next month into the charges efforts of the District of Columbia Women's to force a decision that may have grave that the administration had applied undue Political Caucus in encouraging the Congress environmental implications for Amer­ pressure on federal regulatory agencies. of the United States to amend the body of icans-especially those of us on Long Is­ These hearings, according to Lawrence, will legislation known as the Hatch Act. I have concentrate on what he caMs FAA "distor­ enclosed the resolution for your files. land and in the Washington area. tions" of the evidence against the plane. More importantly, the National Women's I think his story is worth the attention Lawrence says his research shows that the Political caucus pledged funds at the con­ of my colleagues and ask that it be FAA underemphasized the plane's noise level, vention to conduct a national lobbying effort printed in the RECORD: its effects on the protective ozone shield in on behalf of H.R. 3000 (presently H.R. 8617). SST DECISION Is LIKELY THIS WEEK the atmosphere, and engine pollution emis­ We belleve that the support of the National (By Harry Pearson) sions. Women's Political Caucus and the District The Environmental Defense Fund filed a of Columbia Women's Political Caucus w111 Sometime this week, the Ford administra­ petition with the Civil Aeronautics Board in make a fundamental contribution to the lob­ tion will decide whether to allow the British an effort to force hearings on the plane's en­ bying effort on behalf of the amendment to and French to land their supersonic trans­ vironmental effects. If the CAB has these the Hatch Act. port, the Concorde, at U.S. airports. President hearings, fund lawyer John Hellegers says, Sincerely, Ford, a long-time advocate of the SST, will "we will have our first chance to confront MARTHA M. MITCHELL, have the last word on the airplane's fate, ac­ the plane's manufacturers under oath." More Chairperson, District of Columbia cording to sources in the federal Department significantly, even if the Department of women's Political Caucus. of Transportation. Transportation approves the :tlights, the CAB Earlier this year, the British and French could limit the plane's operations in the RESTORING THE RIGHT OF POLITICAL PARTICIPA­ sought permission from the Federal Aviation United States if the environmental evidence TION TO PUBLIC EMPLOYEES Administration to institute daily SST flights were sufficiently damning. The only problem from London and Paris to New York and with this, Hellegers says, is that CAB de­ Whereas the democratic system of the Washington beginning next April 1. In the United States centers around the activities cisions must be approved by Ford. face of disputes among the FAA's staff mem­ Just what Ford's decision will be has been of partisan political parties, and bers, Transportation Secretary Wllliam T. the subject of considerable speculation sin~e Whereas the right of political participation Coleman assumed jurisdiction, announcing and free speech is guaranteed to every citizen late summer, when a key FAA o1Hclal said that he would render the verdict himself. that instead of handing down a direct ruling by the First Amendment of the Constitution Coleman was supposed to announce that de­ of the United States, and on the SST application, the agency would cision last Wednesday, but he didn't. let the Concorde land twice a week for a year Whereas the current body of legislation Although it is not clear whether the White commonly known as the Hatch Act (as House intervened or Coleman sought the at Dulles International Airport near Wash­ Interpreted by the Civil Service Commission) President's advice, the decision was delayed, ington "on a route-proving basis" only. That prohibits federal and District of Columbia aides say, because of talks with the White way, the agency would not have to deal with employees from voluntarily engaging in polit­ House. the Brltlsh-Prench request for up to two ical partisan activity such as running in Opponents of the SST, reacting to the de­ commercial fiights dally at Dulles and four local elections, writing letters on political lay and consultations, suggest that the White dally fiights at Kennedy. subjects to newspapers, becoming a delegate House may have gotten into the act to avert That speculation was reinforced consider­ to a political convention, running for office a negative decision. One environmental law­ ably when, on Sept. 17, the French t rans­ within a political party, distributing cam­ yer said, "There's hardly any need to consult portation minister, after a visit wit h DOT paign material, and managing the political the President if they are going to approve officials in Washington, told the French campaigns of candida.tes for public office, the plane." cabinet that the Concorde would be allowed and It has been clear, however, for some time two fiights a week into Dulles, and when Whereas the Hatch Act is vague and over­ that the Concorde has produced anything but Business Week, in its Oct. 6 issue, published broad, and its ambiguity has a tendency to approval within the DOT. The FAA had pre­ a map (provided by the plane's backers) discourage public employees from engaging pared a draft assessment of the Concorde's showing current and future routes of the Concorde-a map showing fiights to Dulles, in even permitted political activity, and e~pected environmental impact, but even Whereas House of Representatives B111 FAA sources acknowledge that the draft but none to Kennedy. 8617 and Senate Blll 372 wlll restore to public statement, In the phrase of a Coleman aide, All that has changed. John Wesler, DOT employees the right to voluntarlly partic­ "read like it was prepared by the plane's noise expert, said Friday that the agency ipate in the full political process but wm manufacturers." would not render a split decision. DOT will, protect them from unwarranted political Opponents of the Concorde appeared en he said, "either deny the plane permission to pressure and coercion, masse at public hearings on the draft an­ land in this country altogether or approve Be it resolved that the National Women's alysis, detailing what they said were hun­ flights to both airports." If approval ls forth­ Political Caucus support the efforts of the dreds of errors--all in the SST's favor-in coming, landing rights at Dulles would be District of Columbia Women's Political the report. The Environmental Defense Fund, granted automatically, since the FAA oper­ Caucus in encouraging the Congress of the a Long Island-based public interest law firm, ates that airport, Wesler said. The Port Au­ United States to pass House Blll 8617 and charged that the errors were deliberate mis­ thority of New York and New Jersey would Senate Blll 372. constructions of the facts. Now, a House sub­ then have to decide whether to allow Con­ committee investigating charges that the corde landings at Kennedy, which it operates. Ford administration applied pressure on fed­ eral and state agencies on behalf of the plane, UNITED STATES TO RULE ON THE says that it wlll investigate the FAA, paying SST THIS WEEK particular attention to the draft statement. GUNS IN THE HANDS OF THE A subcommittee staff member, Bill Lawrence, PEOPLE: A RIGHT, A RESPONSI­ said last week, "It strikes us as more than BILITY, AND A POLITICAL INSUR­ HON. THOMAS J. DOWNEY accidental that all the errors in the report ANCE POLICY OF NEW YORK were favorable to Concorde." The FAA, apparently heeding the criticism, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES has prepared a final environmental impact Wednesday, October 8, 1975 statement that ls said to be very critical of HON. LARRY McDONALD Concorde's effects on the environment. That OF GEORGIA Mr. DOWNEY of New York. Mr. document was supposed to be released Oct. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Speaker, a decision on whether to allow 1, but the FAA announced that the impact the SST-Concorde to land at airports in statement would contain no final decision Wednesday, October 8, 1975 the United States is imminent. Again on whether the agency would permit land­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. there are indications that the White ings. Speaker, over 100 gun-control bills have House is interferlng in the legal process Instead, agency spokesmen said, Coleman would release the draft, with a cover letter been introduced into the 94th Congress. by which this decision is to be made. Con­ announcing his decision, "within a few days." Those of us who are fighting the antigun gress can still exercise its right to assure That was last Monday. people find that they want to ignore, or that whatever decision is made on the In the meantime, opponents of the plane, deliberately misinterpret, the second SST, is made within the Umi~ of the law. convinced that DOT would smile upon the amendment to the U.S. Constitution. October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32479 The right to keep and bear arms came House. In fact, I have proposed the re­ Poughkeepsie Journal dated October 3, to America with British Common Law. peal of the Gun Control Act of 1968, 1975, which describes the attitude felt by It was considered both a right and a re­ since it is unconstitutional, and in ad­ many in the State of New York with re­ sponsibility, essential to both individ­ dition, it has had no effect on crime. spect to this most pressing issue. ual · and community self-defense. And SELF-DEFENSE VISITS SAFETY The article follows: when the British marched on Lexington The Federal Government has re­ [From the Poughkeepsie Journal, Oct. 3, and Concord to seize the weapons of the cently disguised itself as everybody's 1975] colonists, the minutemen fought back. fussy maiden aunt, trying to take our A MORAL OBLIGATION Later, there was no hope of ratifying dangerous toys away before we hurt It should come as no surprise to anyone a U.S. Constitution without a Bill of ourselves with them. Yet the record who has been following it that New York Rights which included the second shows that the American people as a City's financial crisis has now become the amendment protecting the right to keep whole are remarkably responsible with concern of all taxpayers in the state. and bear arms. The dangers of a power­ Barring some sort of minor miracle, the firearms. We, the American people, city will default on its fiscal obligations, ful central government, even an Ameri­ possess perhaps 120,000,000 rifles, shot­ and the suction could well draw the state can, republican style central government, guns, and handguns, yet only about 2,500 government into the fiscal whirlpool. One dire seemed too great without it. people a year are killed by them acci­ indicator came this week when banks and It is my sworn duty to uphold and de­ dentally. That is about the same num­ security underwriters were unable to sell a f end the Constitution of the United ber as were killed in 1900, when our $750 million package in state notes, only States. That includes the second amend­ population was less than half its pres­ a.bout $250 million of which were earmarked ment. for help to the beleaguered city. ent number. What this means is that investors are show­ CRIMINAL CONTROL, NOT GUN CONTROL Actually, the concern for "safety" is ing less confidence in the credit of the state, It should not be necessary to state the a new wrinkle in the same old game. itself, and that certainly doesn't bode well obvious-crime is the work of criminals, Now the gun-controllers are trying to at a time when borowing is essential to cope not their weapons. Gun-control is not an convince us that it is safer not to try with debts that won't go a.way. effective crime-control measure. It is only to defend ourselves, because we may Gov. Carey has admitted flatly that the a slight inconvenience to the criminal, provoke the poor criminal and force state ha.s reached the end of its lifeline to the city, and there seems no alternative to but a burden to those who pay attention him to shoot us. It is true that one takes the metropolis sinking. Only one glim.mer of to the law. a chance, when one tries to defend one­ hope seems to remain: a lifesaver from the It is significant that when big-city self. But is not that better than having federal government. criminals, especially, are found to be in no chance at all? It is difficult to understand why the Ford violation of existing gun laws-including Perhaps we should poll the victims of administration hasn't been more helpful, if the onerous laws of New York City and violent crime about that. not sympathetic, in a situation which more Washington, D.C.-they are very rarely INSURANCE and more is being recognized as a. national penalized for the gun offense. In fact, crisis, that is, if political considerations are Since our dominant "liberals" have excluded. The large cities in this country they are rarely penalized for anything. proven unwilling to perform one of the which aren't having critical problems are the As a result, there are tens of thousands basic functions of any government­ exception, and New York is the big daddy of people walking around free today who protecting the public from criminals­ of them all. Why shouldn't the federal gov­ believe that they can get away with mur­ we have every right to do what is neces­ ernment take a hand in helping find solu­ der-because they already have. My staff sary to protect ourselves. And the right tions? recently investigated the case of a sa­ of self-defense implies the means of One of the more obvious theories is that distic torture-murderer, sentenced to life voter registration in most cities is predomi­ self-defense. nantly Democratic, while the Republican imprisonment, who was released in a The right of self-defense applies to strengths tend to· be more suburban and little over 2 years. Thanks to heavy pa­ society as a whole, as well. Our Found­ rural. lit would be politically advantageous, or tronization by "liberal" academics, this ing Fathers included the second amend­ so the theory goes, to let the Democratic high school dropout was "laundered" ment in the Constitution for a political cities stew in their own juice, as an object through Harvard in 1 year, presented reason-it was intended to make tyranny lesson in next year's presidential campaign with a master's degree, and given a job on the wages of too much liberalism as op­ hazardous to the tyrant's health. posed to financial stringency. as a college dean. A population armed with 120,000,000 There is no logical way to blame Object lessons are fine, and, in the case weapons presents a very real deterrent of New York City, there is no argument that our soaring rate of murder, armed rob­ to would-be tyrants, foreign or domes­ the current crisis has been brought on by bery and aggravated assault on "guns" tic. The gun-controllers are concerned gross mismanagement and too many give­ when it is the "liberal" policy of releas­ about their safety, not ours. An armed aways. But what sort of attitude is it that ing murderers, and even rewarding citizenry is a sturdy political insurance would allow a victim, even one which brought them, which is really respomible. policy. the trouble on himself, to go under without BACK-DOOR CONFISCATION some effort to save him? Let us keep it that way. In arguing for federal intervention, how­ Years ago, gun-control advocates de­ ever, there should be a. corresponding man­ nied that their objective was the total date for a change in policies by the benefi­ disarmament of the American people. ciary that will insure against a continuation Nowadays, more and more of them do A MORAL OBLIGATION of the mistakes which produced the crisis in admit to this objective. When noted rad­ the first place. This holds not only for cities, icals agree with such a policy, it is sur­ but corporations and any other faction which prising only to those who do not realize HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. needs to be bailed out. how close they are to taking us over. Despite geographic differences and con­ OF NEW YORK trasts in 11festylru5, we are still one country. Many radicals now want only police and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The problems of one area, particularly when soldiers to be armed, because they be­ they outgrow the capacity of localities to lieve that what they have to worry about Wednesday, October 8, 1975 cope with them themselves, are the prob­ is not the "oppression" they bewail in Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, I represent the lems of all. public statements, but a counter-revolu­ 25th Congressional District of New York, tion from the American people. which is located just north of New York The gun-controllers are not yet strong City, where there is a growing concern by H.R. 8617-A BILL TO REVISE enough to disarm us all at once, with both local officials and the public over THE HATCH ACT a single comprehensive law. Thus, they the possible financial default of New try to pass a series of laws to curtail York City. HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ and chip away at our rights bit by bit. This issue has grown from a local to OF NEW YORK Each law represents a wedge, the and a State problem, and the Congress is now IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bureaucrats can be relied upon to drive considering what should be the appro­ each wedge deeper. priate Federal response. Wednesday, October 8, 1975 For that reason, I w1ll support none At this time, I would like to insert into Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, I rise to­ of the gun-control laws now before the the RECORD an editorial published in the day in strong support of H.R. 8617, the 32480 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 bill to revise the antiquated and discrimi­ rights, the bill strictly prohibits Federal velopment and demonstration, I am per­ natory Hatch Act. employees from: haps too biased to comment further on As you may know, the House Commit­ First, using their official authority to the article from Science magazine. tee on Post Offi.ce and Civil Service of influence another employee's vote; However, before I insert this article for which I am a member, recently reported Second, coercing a fellow employee to the REcoRD, I wish to ask my colleaiues, out H.R. 8617, the Federal Employees engage in political activity; who are understandably chauvinistic Political Activities Act of 1975. This land­ Third, soliciting campaign contribu­ about their own State, to refrain from mark legislation is designed to restore to tions from other Federal employees over making the siting of this important In­ Federal civilian and Postal Service em­ whom they have management or admin­ stitute a political issue. We should let ployees their right to participate volun­ istrative authority; and ERDA decide on the merits. tarily, as private citizens, in the polit­ Fourth, engaging in any kind of polit­ The article follows: ical process of the Nation. At the same ical activity while on duty or inside a SOLAR RESEARCH SWEEPSTAKES; STATES VIE time, it is also designed to protect the in­ Government building. FOR A PLACE IN THE SUN tegrity of the merit system through the I strongly believe that these restric­ From snowy New Hampshire in the north specific prohibition of any and all ef­ tions will effectively prevent the abuse of to American Samoa south of the equator, forts to coerce Federal employees into the merit system and coercion of Federal from Puerto Rico on the eastern approaches unwanted forms of political participa­ employees. In an effort to make sure that of the United States to Guam on the far tion. the law is vigorously and stringently en­ western defense perimeter, from the urban forced, an independent Board of Political centers of New York and California to the Even those committee members who badlands of South Dakota, scientists and voiced reservations about the bill, agree Activities to hear and adjudicate alleged politicians are mobilizing to compete for the that the Hatch Act needs amending so violations of the law is established in the next big prize on the scientific horizon-the that Federal employees may once again bill itself. Those individuals who are proposed Solar Energy Research Institute be treated as "first class citizens," allow­ found to have violated the law would be that is scheduled to get under way next year. ing them to voluntarily participate in po­ subject to removal, suspension, or lesser At this point it is a race without rules, litical activity, providing that this par­ penalties at the discretion of the Board. for the federal Energy Research and De­ ticipation does not infringe upon the Finally, the bill would require the Civil velopment Administration (ERDA), which Service Commission to periodically in­ will administer the institute, has not even rights of other employees, and does not decided what it will do, how big it will be conflict with their public responsibilities. form Federal employees of the political (one guess is $50 million a year in oper­ Other countries have successfully rights and restrictions contained in the a ting expenses), what sort of site it will re­ adopted similar laws which enable their legislation. quire, or even whether it will be one instal­ public servants to participate fully in the It seems to me that in this Bicenten­ lation or scattered installations. But state political process. In Sweden, Great Brit­ nial year it would be only appropriate to and local officials are already pounding on ain, France, Australia, Canada, and West give the almost three million men and ERDA's doors. Plagued with unemploy­ Germany, employees of the government women who work for the Federal Gov­ ment and bedeviled by rising fuel prices, ernment the same political rights and they apparently believe a research center may run for political office, participate in that might lead to an exotic new energy campaigns and be active members of po­ responsibilities as their fellow citizens. source and thriving spin-off industries is litical parties. H.R. 8617 takes a long step forward in just the right antidote for their sagging The original Hatch Act was a well-in­ that direction and I hope my colleagues economic fortunes. Not to mention the tentioned aittempt to correct abuses and will give it the most serious and sym­ prestige and general intellectual uplift such regulate political activity by Federal em­ pathetic consideration. centers are presumed to bring. ployees. However, in the past 36 years the Even though the race has not yet offi­ cially begun, there are already dark hints conditions which fostered the enactment that it might be rigged. These are based of the Hatch Act have changed, and it is THE RACE FOR THE SOLAR EN­ partly on the fact that President Ford, in incumbent upon the Congress to modern­ ERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE off-the-cuff remarks at a 15 August energy ize this legislation. First, the need for symposium in Vail, Colorado, named only skilled personnel has increased to the ex­ three states as possible sites, ignoring more tent thait the patronage system no longer HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. than a score of other aspirants. Newspaper flourishes as it did in the 1930's. Second, accounts said the President designated the OF CALIFORNIA three states as "front-runners," but the whereas in 1939 only 32 percent of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 950,000 Federal employees were under the White House-edited transcript of the ses­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 sion indicates he was less emphatic. In an­ merit system, today we find that almost swer to a question about the Administra­ 70 percent of the 2.8 million employees Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. tion's plans for solar energy, the President are under the merit system. Third, the Speaker, in 1974 the Congress passed replied, according to the transcript: growing strength and influence of the Public Law 93-473, "Solar Energy Re­ "I was talking to Bob Seamans [the head of Civil Service Commission has led to the search, Development, and Demonstra­ ERDA] a few days ago, and they have made institutionalization of the merit system. tion Act of 1974." One of the sections of significant progress. There is, unfortunately, competition developing between Arizona, The Subcommittee on Employee Polit­ that law called for the establishment of New Mexico and Florida where the Federal ical Rights and Intergovernmental Pro­ a Solar Energy Research Institute, which Government will establish a solar energy grams held extensive hearings and has would be the focus for much, but not all research center. I do not know what the de­ put together a most comprehensive and of the Nation's solar energy work. cision is going to be on what state gets that clear legislative proposal--one which dif­ The National Academy of Sciences is facility, but I am only using it as an exam­ ferentiates between voluntary and invol­ completing its review of the criteria for ple to point out that we mean business in untary political activity. It strengthens the Institute, and the Energy Research this area." those features of the Hatch Act which and Development Administration, which Still, the fact that three states and only in three states had seeped into the presiden­ are meritorious that it provides must select the site and specify the func­ tial consciousness ca used cries of anguish greater protection against political coer­ tions of the Institute, is expected to rely from several competing states. Some of the cion and it revises and updates those heavily on the NAS review. ERDA is to most vociferous complaints came from Colo­ parts which are no longer applicable by be commended for this approach, which rado, which was not only the site for the permitting off-duty political activity indicates that they intend to select a site President's remarks, but also has launched which does not interfere with the im­ on nonpolitical grounds. one of the most vigorous efforts to land the partial administration of public service. Unfortunately, some Members of Con­ new institute. The bill would permit Federal em­ gress are trying to politicize this decision, Administration aides later tried to soothe the ruffied competitors by explaining that ployees to run for office, take an active or at least this situation is indicated by President Ford had simply tossed out three part in the management of political cam­ an article in the October 10 issue of Sci­ names that occurred to him (or to a presi­ paigns, circulate petitions, make or solicit ence magazine. dential assistant); they said there was no campaign contributions, and generally do Mr. Speaker, as a member of the sub­ implication that any of the three was pre­ any of the other things that their 209,- committee which originated the require­ destined to win the competition. Meanwhile, 000,000 fellow citizens are entitled to do, ment for a Solar Energy Research In­ ERDA officials insist that they will be the too. stitute, and a firm believer in the ability ones who choose the final site and that they In order to protect both the public and of my own State of California to excel will do so on the merits of the case, unham­ themselves from any abuse of these new in the field of solar energy research, de- pered by political interference. October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32481 The Solar Energy Research Institute---0r posed of nine educators, industrialists, and has thoughtfully been provided to Kennedy's SERI, as it is called by most of those who are community leaders, to analyze the state's senatorial colleagues, who almost certainly laboring to snare it--was mandated by the energy resources and prepare its proposal for would not find it on their local newsstands. Solar Energy Research, Development & SERI. The task force has a full-time staff The New England states, operating through Demonstration Act of 1974, which was signed of four, based at Cape Canaveral and headed the New England Council, a cha.mber-of­ into law last October. Section 10 of that a.ct by Robert C. Hock, who retired from the commerce-type group, and through the sena­ stipulated that there would be such an in­ space center there la.st year. torial and congressional delegations, is trying stitute but gave no guidance as to what it Some sort of record for enthusiasm appears to develop a regional effort to secure SERI, should do except to say that it "shall per­ to have been set by Georgia, which already but this ls expected to reinforce, not preclude, form such research, development and rela.ted has a list of scores of potential sites even any efforts that individual states, such as functions" as are deemed "necessary or ap­ though no site criteria have yet been pub­ Massachusetts, might launch. propriate." Many of those backing such an lished. The state senate passed a. resolution The extent of interest in SERI won't be institute felt that solar energy needed an encouraging the governor to go after SERI; known until formal proposals are submitted. "advocacy" re.c>earch center to counterbal­ the governor appointed an eight-member But government or private leaders in a sur­ ance the sophisticated support given nuclear site selection commission which solicited pro­ prising number of states have indicated they energy by the existing national labora.tories. posals from governing bodies and private intend to bid for the institute, or at least for At first there was little progress toward developers throughout the state; and 56 a field station or two. A not necessarily com­ setting up the new institute because the gov­ applications were sent in nominating 60 or prehensive llst of other interested states or ernment's far-flung energy programs were more sites. Once ERDA gets around to pub­ territories would include Alabama, Delaware, being reorganized into ERDA. But in the past lishing its site criteria, the Georgia Commis­ Hawaii, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, several months the pa.ce has picked up as sion will sift through these candidates and New Jersey (nominated by a utility based ERDA readies itself to publish guidelines make a formal proposal. there), New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South and criteria and invite formal proposals from The state which, more than any other, Carolina, South Dakota, West Virginia, Amer­ interested competitors. seems to spark fear in the breasts of its ican Samoa, Guam, and Puerto Rico. Earlier this year ERDA contracted with competitors is Arizona. This is not so much Although no contending state can really the National Academy of Sciences to help because Arizona has a sunny climate. Or hone its arguments until the final criteria define the structure and scope of work of the because it has created a Solar Energy Re­ and guidelines for the institute a.re known, proposed institute. The academy's final rec­ search Commission of 17 members from preliminary communications reveal no dearth ommenda.tions--put together by a. committee banking, industry, the universities, and other of ingenuity among the proposal writers. headed by physicist Richard L. Garwin of sectors to mastermind its eft'orts to land States with lots of sun claim solar research IBM-were due to be delivered to ERDA on SERI. That commission has a full-time staff ts best conducted in their climate; states with 30 September. Meanwhile, a parallel survey of five, headed by Robert Handy, an execu­ less sun claim experiments Will need to be of industrial opinions a.bout the institute, tive on leave from Motorola, who has already conducted in a variety of conditions. States conducted by the Mitre Corp., apparently to made at least two trips to ERDA to talk up With lots of research installations claim the ward off possible fears that the science­ Arizona's virtues. institute will need such backup support; oriented a.cademy might give tndustria.l views Rather it is because Arizona probably has states with few intellectual resources say the short shrift, ls expected to be completed by more politic.al muscle of the type apt to in­ institute should be used to spark new "cen­ mid-October. Then, on the basis of these in­ fluence the Ford Administration than vir­ ters of excellence." States with large supplies puts and its own in-house review, ERDA tually any other state deemed a likely site. of gas, oil, or coal say they need to prepare hopes to make a. formal request for proposals Its two senators, Paul J. Fannin and Barry for the disappearance of their fossil fuel re­ by early November. Goldwater, are senior conservative Republi­ sources; states without such deposits say At this point it ls unclear just how big and cans, and its most prominent representative, they need solar energy to gain fuel self­ juicy this particular scientific plum will be. John J. Rhodes, is the House Republican sufficiency. The academy, in an interim report, talked leader. The scenario feared by competing Guam, which considers itself the keystone about a. $50 million annual opera.ting budget states-especially those with Democratic, of the American defense perimeter in the by a.bout 1980. But ERDA officials have been liberal, or junior political leaders-ls that Pacific, even suggests that national security talking a.bout spending 10 to 15 percent of President Ford will face a severe challenge would be enhanced if it could be given SERI their solar energy budget on the institute, a. in the primaries next year from conservative and the capacity to lessen its dependence on fraction that, barring an unanticipated Ronald Reagan; he may desperately need imported fuels. ("I've been on Guam," coun­ upsurge in the budget, might result in an­ the backing of conservative Republicans ters a rival from another state. "How are you nual operating expenditures of $20 million such as dominate the Arizona delegations; going to persuade the scientists to relocate to $25 million. and, he just might want to toss them a solar there?") Such uncertainty as to the nature of the energy rese.l.rch institute in return for sup­ The sunny states were dismayed at a con­ plum has not inhibited the states from pre­ port, or at lea.st neutrality. Already the Ari­ clusion in the academy's interim report that paring for the harvest. The legislation had zona delegation has launched a political the choice of a site "need not be linked to barely cleared the White House last fall be­ offensive on Capitol Hlll, A fortnight ago it climate or weather" because much of SERI's fore several states had appointed committees thoughtfully provided .all members of Con­ work will involve analysis and simulation, to quarterback their entries in the competi­ gress with the Augus_t 1975 issue of Arizona while various outdoor experiments could be tion. Highways, which was devoted almost entirely conducted at temporary field stations remote New Mexico was one of the first off the to Arizona's efforts in solar energy. from the research institution. But Southern mark. A consortium made up of Sandia Two areas that are traditionally heavy­ leaders believe the sun will still give them a Laboratories, Los Alamos Scientific Labo­ weights in the competition for scientific in­ practical political edge. As one expressed it, ratory, the University of New Mexico, stallations have been slow to get started but "I don't care what the scientists say. Close New Mexico State University, and the are preparing to enter the fr.ay. California's your eyes and ask yourself how ERDA is going New Mexico Institute of Mining and effort ls being guided by Paul craig, a former to tell Congress and the American people Technology actually submitted a formal National Science Foundation official who ls that it wants to put the solar research insti­ proposal to ERDA early this year-well before now director of the University of California's tute where it's cloudy." the fiedgling agency had begun to think Council on Energy and Resources. Craig's The latest schedule for picking the site­ seriously about how to organize the new group, which has been working closely with descrlbed as "iffy" and "mushy" by ERDA institute. The consortium, backed by the such institutions as the University of Cali­ schedulers-anticipates that guidelines Will State's top political leadership, recommended fornia at Berkeley, the Lawrence Berkeley be published in November, states will then Albuquerque as the site. Meanwhile, a Laboratory, the University of California at have 45 to 90 days to get their proposals in, splinter group of southern New Mexicans is Los Angeles (UCLA), the Scripps Institu­ ERDA's staft' Will then evaluate them and joining forces with community leaders in conduct site visits, and a final selection would nearby El Paso, Texas, to promote their own tion, Stanford University, California Insti­ tute of Technology, and the Jet Propulsion be made at the earliest by next April.-PHILIP region. M. BOFFEY Colorado also got away fast and appointed Laboratory to develop an "all-California" a statewide committee to prepare its case. proposal, has already identified three tenta­ The governor has already invited local gov­ tive sites-the Stanford industrial park area, ernment to nominate sites, and U.S. Senator an engineering fa.c111ty owned· by UCLA, and THEY HAVE NEVER FORGO'ITEN Gary Hart, just back from a swing through the hllls high above the Berkeley campus. rural areas of the state, reports in amaze­ Meanwhile, that other heavywelght--Mas­ ment that landing the solar institute seemed sachusetts-ha.s expressed "strong interest" in SERI in a letter from the governor. And, HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS to be the second most pressing subject on OF PENNSYLVANIA the minds of the citizenry. (The first was a in a move reminiscent of the Arizona High­ series of bizarre mutilations that have ways caper, the September issue of Industry, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES destroyed more than 100 cattle and thorough­ published by the Associated Industries of Wednesday, October 8, 1975 ly be.filed investigating authorities.) Massachusetts, is devoted almost entirely to Still another early entrant was Florida, solar energy, with a major article by Senator Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, I rise to­ where Governor Reubin Askew created a Edward M. Kennedy explaining why SERI day out of a deep sense of gratitude to Governor's Task Force on Solar Energy, com- should be in Massachusetts. The magazine express my sincere admiration for the 3~482 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 people of a small European community COMMUNICATING TECHNICAL FOOD In the case of the transfer of knowledge who have demonstrated their affection INFORMATION TO DEVELOPING to farmers, human beings are involved, in­ and respect for the United States not by NATIONS volving the science of human behavior-a. science that is generally not well under­ word-but by deed. stood by most people. Transfer of knowledge Where many nations have forgotten or between scientists is less difficult. disregarded America's contributions to HON. PAUL FINDLEY The symposium is timely because America. them over the years, the people of Wiltz OF ILLINOIS ls well across the threshold of new and far­ in Luxembourg, have not. Instead, they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reachtng pollctes concerning na ttonal and multi-national cooperative efforts aimed at have gone to great extremes to see that Wednesday, October 8, 1975 their children and their children's chil­ answering the most meaningful prayer ever dren never forget America or its fighting Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, one of my written-a prayer which in part pleads: concerns during my tenure in Congress "give us this day our daily bread." men. Americans have reached a consensus which A few days ago, the people of Wiltz has been the needs of developing nations ls just now showing up in new national were scheduled to dedicate a. monument for technical information on food and pollctes that this nation should materially to American soldiers who fought and agricultural capabilities. But does the increase its efforts-both bilateral and mul­ died while liberating their city in Sep­ United States have the capacity to com­ tllateral: tember 1944, and again in defending it municate this technical information to To help insure global peace ... by destroy­ during the bloody Battle of the Bulge, the people of developing nations? Robert ing causes of war including misery, malnu­ in December of that year. It is a monu­ W. Long, Assistant Secretary of Agri­ trition, and starvation; ment to the men of the U.S. 28th Infan­ culture addressed this question at the To help developing countries meet prob­ recent International Food Delivery Sys­ lems, including their food problems, by as­ try Division, the Keystone Division sisting them to help themselves. Americans, from Pennsylvania. An inscription on a tems Symposium, University of Califor­ I believe, have the convictions that give­ bronze tablet records the deeds of the nia. As Americans, we have a storehouse away programs henceforth should be largely 28th and concludes: "We Have Never full of knowledge. But do we have the used to alleviate emergency conditions or Forgotten." capacity to share this knowledge, and if unusual problems. The transfer of technol­ I learned of this tribute from Mr. so, what is the best way to communicate ogy, they reason, is a far sounder, long­ Frank McClelland of West Mifflin, Pa., a it to developing nations? range approach to meeting food shortages Mr. Long states that "the diffusion of and nutritional inadequacies; resident of my 20th Congressional Dis­ To help governments achieve policies that trict and a former member of the 28th. innovations born of research is just as will provide their farmers with strong incen­ Mr. McClelland was engaged in bitter difficult, if not more so, than the dis­ tives to produce ... rear-guard action around Wiltz in De­ covery of the innovative information in To help third world nations trade their cember 1944, when he was captured by the first place." Thus, the challenge fac­ skllls and resources with other nations where German forces, taken prisoner, and held ing us today is how to transfer and apply such a trade ls mutually advantageous. for several months in va.rious camps. our technology to new frontiers. I com­ To help the poorer nations curb their Two years ago, like many former mend Mr. Long's remarks to you as a population explosion; and, American soldiers, Mr. McClelland re­ discussion point from which we must To help needy nations assume responsi­ move forward if we are to take our tech­ bility, with multinational assistance, for ac­ turned to Europe to retrace his steps of quiring and storing their own grain and World War II. Inevitably, he visited nology, modify it and create constructive other food reserves. Wiltz and was astounded at what he dis­ increases in world food output in the Quick passage by the House of Representa­ covered. developing nations. tives a week ago of "The International Devel­ There is in Wiltz an "American So­ Here are extracts from his speech: opment and Food Assistance Act of 1975" ciety" which is charged with flying the TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER-U.S. POLICY [H.R. 9005] is another indication of this American fiag daily and caring for a Last week the United States launched an nation's determination to help deprived na­ unmanned spacecraft towards Mars. The tions feed themselves. Quick and possibly monument to former President and Gen­ event marked the practical use of a massive favorable consideration of the measure ls eral Dwight D. Eisenhower. When the array of technology. It followed by 20 days expected by the Senate. Title I of the Act townspeople learned Mr. McClelland a similar launching-the dispatching of deals with disaster assistance. Title II spells served with the 28th and was a veteran a Viking craft which was also headed for out PL 480 assistance, and title III, which of the Wiltz fighting, they gave him a the planet Mars. The trip-one way-will encompasses developmental aid, contains heartwarming welcome. He was visited take each vehicle roughly one year. The what ts known as the Findley Bill [Famine distance: 500 million miles. If all goes well, Prevention Proposal] which provides Land by two directors of the Society, Mr. Jean both ships will be placed in orbit around Grant and other eligible universities with Schweig and Mr. Raymond Braas, who Mars, the fourth planet in order from the authority and resources to establish research outlined plans for honoring the 28th In­ sun. And they will be commanded, elec­ educational, and extension facilities in food fantry Division. tronically, to send back information. One deficit areas. The bill stresses use of on-the­ land face-to-face techniques such as those The town wanted to erect a memorial · command will be to place landers on the surface of the planet to test its "air and soil." used by the Extension Service in this coun­ to the division and when Mr. McClelland One must reason that if mankind is able try, especially in the earlier years of its revisited Wiltz this past spring, he found . . . to place men on the moon and bring existence. the monument nearly completed. Conse­ them back to earth alive and well, it cer­ The legislation is aimed at utlliztng, in quently, Mr. McClelland arranged to tainly has the capacity of indelibly com­ developing countries, the vast and demon­ have the Pennsylvania House of Repre­ municating technical information to the strated capacity of the land grant university people of developing nations. system to help scientists and farmers put sentatives proclaim Wiltz as an honor­ But, does it have that capacity? And if so, technology to practical use and to help con­ ary community of our State. The formal what are the best communication and moti­ sumers put into use information about bet­ resolution was scheduled to be presented vation techniques? ter nutrition. to officials of Wiltz during the memorial's This symposium ls attempting to answer Here again, American policy ts in the dedication on October 4. those questions, in a traditionally American making. And symposiums of this type will way, for we are a nation with a soul. Besides help us implement such policies Wisely. Although it is my understanding the we know that in an entwined world what's In a broader sense the curtain on Amer­ 28th Division was represented at the good for a developing country is also good ica's new ove·mll policy approach to dealing ceremonies, it is regrettable that Mr. for us ... with global food and economic problems was McClelland was unable to be there. How­ ... You have recognized the need to raised by Ambassador Moynihan when he ever, he is planning to visit Wiltz later bring together and appraise the methods, substituted for Secretary of State Kissinger techniques and vehicles used to transfer in addressing the Seventh Special Session this month and I would like him to con­ technology from developed to developing na­ of the United Nations General Assembly on vey to the people of that community our tions ... September l, 1975. deep appreciation for what they have You recognize that we have a storehouse Food and agriculture pronouncements done to honor the memory of America's full of knowledge. Research workers here spelled out by Mr. Moynihan assumed that fighting men. By this simple act of re­ and elsewhere have supplied the knowledge. the world ( 1) has the technological capacity American business and commerce have also to curb its exploding population, and (2) ha.s membrance, they have won a place in made enormous contributions to this knowl­ the land, water and other resources plus the hearts of all Pennsylvanians. edge bank and more is added each day. the knowhow needed for the plow to win October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32483 its current race with the stork. All of which amuent areas. In the developing countries STEEL AT LOW POINT OF U-SHAPED could possibly free mankind from the scourge agricultural research expenditures between CYCLE of hunger. 1959 and 1974, in terms of constant 1971 U.S. The proposals spelled out by Mr. Moynihan dollars, increased from $141 million to $957 fell into four general areas: mlllion. (1) The United States proposes to help The difference between Japan's agriculture HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI developing nations modify and cushion the and the agriculture of the United States OF ILLINOIS broad swings in their export earning~ serves to illustrate the need for localized IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES swings that accompany global recessions, oil research. Japan, because of its low labor costs price fixing, and drouths .... and high land prices, stimulated research Wednesday, October 8, 1975 (2) America wm assist third world na­ that led. to land-saving biological innova­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, few of tions and others more adequately to reach tions, while the United States, with its less us would quarrel with the concept that global capital markets .... Other U.S. pro­ expensive land and high-priced labor used posals suggest that the present system of research that lead to labor saving devices. we are living in an evermore independ­ international agricultural research centers Both nations achieved good results. ent economic world. Yet the United be expanded. Generally speaking, however, the diffusion States is not immune to economic trade (3) This country wm help developing na­ of innovations born of research is just as policies and developments in other parU; tions maintain their tra-ding systems so as difilcult, if not more so, than the discovery of the world. to enable them to more nearly make their of the innovative information in the first I, for one, do not support the "gloom own way through earnings. place. and doom philosophy." I believe that our (4) The United States indicated again that As late as the late 1800s farmers [in our economy is a sound and healthy one, and it favored quick implementation of a. pro­ country] here were chiefly a self-sufilcient posal it made at the Rome Food Conference lot. Starting from self-sufficiency, how did we, as a nation, should face the future last fall, namely that a cooperative interna­ U.S. farmers acquire their production and with confidence in our economic tional system of nationally held grain re­ marketing techniques? Perhaps by reviewing situation. serves be set up to meet emergency food the highlights of our own experience we may It is obvious, too, that the strength of conditions. glean ideas as to how to help our foreign the steel industry is a major contribution The truth is that no one can answer friends. to our economic stability. A very timely questions of population stabilization. But Much farm technology in the early days, of article by Nick Poulos, which appeared in we do know that: course, was transferred by word of mouth Between 400 and 500 million people are the Wednesday, September 24 Chicago from father to son and between neighbors. Tribune, discusses the economic impact current ly suffering from chronic malnutri­ That process is a.s true today as it was then. tion. Many are starving; Farm magazines: Survey after survey show caused by foreign steel imports on Ameri­ The annual income of over Y:z of the popu­ them to be a leading, over-the-years source can steel consumption. I commend this lation of the world is less than $200 per of information for American farmers .... article to the attention of the Members: capita; and, Beginning in the early 1800s county and The fate of 1 billion people-half of the [From the Chicago Tribune, Sept. 24, 1975] community fairs served to transfer knowl­ STEEL AT Low POINT OF "U" SHAPED CYCLE developing world and a quarter of man­ edge. kind live in what is categorized as "the Later farmers institutes became popular . .. (By Nick Poulos) poorest cou.rutries"-ha.ngs on the verge of It was early in the 1900s that USDA and Although American steel producers are disaster. land grant college programs of research and suffering through a. protracted slump, they at These facts, of course, speak for them­ education began to be a substantial factor in least aren't being whipsawed by a. heavy selves. But Americans have faced and solved volume of imported steel. difficult problems before, just as they are changing agricultural practices. Vocational education legislation was passed Domestic steel shipments a.re expected to facing and will help solve this one. We are a.mount to only 80 million tons this year prepared to continue to shoulder leadership in 1916. Farm radio broadcasts blossomed In the compared with the near-record total of 109.5 roles. We are prepared to join others in million tons in 1974. these efforts. . . . late 1930s. And more recently the producers of farm Steel imports have been dropping sharply, No country in history has done as much with July volume off 37 per cent from a y-ear as this country to help its friends solve machinery, supplies and equipment have in­ creasingly provided customers with a vast ago. For the first seven months of this year, economic problems and eat better. And these imports totaled 7 .6 million tons. Indeed, total programs of ours continue on a massive amount of modern knowhow. These early dispensers of agricultural in­ 1975 imports may fall substantially below the scale. We have had much experience and projected 14.5 mlllion tons. you are weighing that experience here today formation also knew that it takes time for an idea to gain acceptance. They found that The peak steel import years were 1971 and on the scales of practicality.... 1972, when annual volume amounted to al­ We need to separate what has worked and four stages are generally involved before a what has failed in these various attempts new practice is adopted; the awareness stage, most 19 million tons. to transfer technology. the interest stage, the evaluation stage, and Foreign steel producers were able to win Why have some countries made great prog­ the trial stage. a significantly larger share of the American ress in enhancing the economic welfare of The value of knowing your ABC's about steel market because they enjoyed a cost their people while others, with similar re­ communicating and motivating and applying advantage, particularly labor. sources and conditions, have failed? Why that knowledge to programs aimed at our "But that's all changed now,'' emphasized do the people of Singapore have such a high foreign counterparts, governments, and farm­ Andrew A. Athens, president of Metron Steel level of living while those living in Calcutta ers must be weighed on the scales of reality. Corp., one of the largest steel service centers wallow in despair? We need answers to these For example, a Peace Corps worker was told in the Midwest. and dozens of other similar questions. And by a Peruvian farmer that fertilizer could "The foreign steel producers have had to I hope that you will answer some of the only be helpful to farmers located along rail­ cope with their own inflationary problems. questions during these deliberations. roads and highways, (and there were precious Their raw material costs have soared and Research and education, of course, have few of them). He went on to say that even their labor costs have risen at a. hlgher rate long gone together as tools used to increase if be had the money with which to buy fer­ than American steel labor. the efficiency and output of agriculture. Re­ tilizer, that it wouldn't do him much good "The drop in the dollar's value also hurt search, for the most part, must come first. because he lived a great distance from the the foreign producers-and remember that It is fortunate, therefore, that on a global highway and his only means of getting the ocean freight rates for shipping steel have basis it is estimated that expenditures on fertmzer to his land was to carry it on his almost doubled in the la.st couple of years." agricultural research, in constant 1971 U.S. back. But again we have the capacity and the Athens has been close to the steel import dollars, rose from approximately $1.3 blllion ingenuity to help such people solve problems situation since he and his brother Thomas in 1959 to $3.8 b1llion in 1974. of this type. And our moral and economic rounded their steel service center business But much more is needed. Research ts one well-betng require that we get on with that 25 years a.go. of our most profitable investments. The task-just a.s you are doing here today. As recently as five years ago, imported "green revolution" is an example of its in­ The policies of the United States Govern­ steel represented about 80 per cent of Metron terna.tional potential. ment assume this to be the case. Our polt­ sales from the company's facillty at Lake cies are directed toward that end. We have Calumet harbor. It is fortunate also that prior to this time the technology. We'll acquire more of it. We "In 1970, we embarked on an expansion the International Agricultural Research Cen­ know that peace and the well-being of man­ plan and we were determined to increase our ters have made a good start in helping to kind are a national yearning. We know that domestic mill product sales from 20 per cent narrow the agricultural technology gap we are a people with a soul. And that means to about 80 per cent of total." said the among countries. What ts needed now is everything-for the world may stand out on Metron president. more agricultural and nutritional studies either side, But it's no wider than the souI is "As our business grew, we had to increase both within the developing nations and in wide. the number of steel items we carried to serve 3l2484 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 our customers, and we had to insure a con­ stability being maintained in Paraguay. also have two delightful grandchildren, tinuity of supply that we couldn't accom­ We in America appreciate and value the Christina and Douglas. plish with imported steel. friendship of Paraguay. We congratulate I'm certain we will return home with "We've accomplished what we set out to mixed emotions about our federal govern­ do five years ago. In 1970, we carried 1,200 Paraguay on its strong stable economy ment and what we see here in Washington, steel items. Today, we carry more than 2,500 which is achieved through the dynamic D.C. On the one hand, we recognize that items. But we'll continue to buy some for­ leadership of President General Stroess­ there are thousands of conscientious, dedi­ eign steel from mills with which we've bad ner. cated public servants working here to further old, established relationships.'' the same objectives that we have, in some Metron gets its foreign steel during the cases making sacrifices to be here. In gen­ seven-month overseas shipping season. Clos­ MRS. JAMES MOHR SPEAKS ON eral, we see people in Congress and high ing of the St. Lawrence Seaway during the GOVERNMENT SPENDING levels of administration with very real ab1li­ winter disrupts that continuity of supply ties. We admire these people for their willing­ that Athens referred to. ness to submit themselves to the inevitable Metron has not adopted another five-yeAl' frustrations of attempting to make democ­ plan of development, however. HON. CHARLES E. GRASSLEY racy work. We are- about overwhelmed by "There are too many uncertain factors im­ OF IOWA the beauty of Washing·ton, D.C. and the his­ pinging on the steel industry," observed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES torical significance of almost every landmark. Thomas Athens, executive vioe president. On the negative side, we must be honest, "For the first time, we're unable to project Wednesday, October 8, 1975 too. We nearly always go home with a feel­ sales intelligently beyond a quarter. We used Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. Speaker, recently ing of consternation. The very size of gov­ to be able to do it on an annual basis. a group of Farm Bureau Women leaders ernment as we observe it here frightens us. "Steel has been a peak-and-valley busi­ In addition to all of the fine people we ob­ ness. But in this la.st cycle, we've had an and delegates from all parts of Iowa flew serve, we see many who are here for only abrupt increase in business and then a.n to Washington to visit their Natlonal selfish interests, to do what they can for abrupt decline-a 'U' shaped affair." Capital and to study their Government themselves or the group they represent with The two Metron executives believe the firsthand. no thought for the nation as a whole. We steel business is at the bottom of that "U" I commend to your attention the time­ observe the continued growth of government shaped cycle, even tho there has been a ly remarks of Mrs. James Mohr, Eld­ at a rate which we cannot and should not be pickup in steel buying which they attribute ridge, Iowa, State chairman of the Iowa sustaining. We observe government toler­ largely to efforts to beat higher mill prices ance of legalized featherbedding, work re­ effective Oct. 1. Farm Bureau Women which she pre­ sented to the Iowa congressional delega­ strictive practices, labor union and business This clouds the outlook for the fourth monopoly, and reckless fiscal policy. We quarter because the spurt in September steel tion at a banquet the ladies hosted: firmly believe that the people of America business may weaken orde·rs for the rest of GOVERNMENT SPENDING--INFLATION must reassess their values including what the year, Thomas Athens said. (By Mrs. James Mohr) Price buying this month will slow steel they want and what 1s possible from gov­ inventory liquidation, altho a basic resump­ Honorable Congressmen and distinguished ernment. It took the United States 180 years tion in steel consumption should begin in guests. to reach a federal budget of $100 billion. We the first quarter, he said. I am Mrs. James Mohr of Eldridge, Iowa. reached that in 1962. It took us nine years Andrew Athens expects a moderate rather We, 96 Farm Bureau Women leaders and to reach $200 billion. We reached that in than a vigorous economic recovery, and delegates from all parts of Iowa, flew into 1971. It took us four years to reach $300 agrees with steel industry estimates that Washington, D.C. on Monday by chartered billion. We reached that in 1975. It now looks shipments will rise to a.bout 95 million tons plane. We're thrilled to be in this setting like it will take us only two more years to in 1976. of our National Government to view a bit reach $400 b1llion. I believe people are more Metron completed in June a $1.5 million of the history of our priceless American and more aware that at some point we must expansion of its steel service center which heritage and to see the "factory" of the laws blow the whistle on this process. As far as included plant and processing equipment of our great nation. The self-government we are concerned, that time is now. We sin­ investments. here in America can be preserved onl~ by cerely ask that those of you representing us The company, which serves customers in active, intelligent assumption of basic citi­ here take the current situation seriously an 18-state area, is a leading distributor of zenship responsib1lity by all of us. We en­ and resolve to make those reforms necessary structural steel, plate, sheets, pipe, reinforc­ courage everyone of our members to be ac­ so that future citizens of America can cele­ ing bars, and other products. Customers in­ tive in the party of her choice. for we believe brate the 30oth and 400th and 500th anni­ clude the construction industry, agricultural that our freedom is not only a .privilege, but versary of the so-called "American Experi­ equipment makers, and heavy machinery it is a responsibility and we have a strong ment." producers. desire to contribute to better government. While it would be more pleasant to dwell We are particularly pleased to be here this on the positive aspects of what we see, I year as the nation moves into its bicen­ believe it would be more fruitful to talk PARAGUAY tennial celebration. We can think of no bet­ a.bout the concerns of those things we feel ter way to start than to revisit the home of must be changed. For example, Mr. Meany our first president, the Lincoln Memorial, the calling the shots as to whether the ships are HON. JAMES M. COLLINS graves of John Kennedy and other former loaded with grain, and overhauling of the presidents, and to be reminded on every hand food stamp program, and even the episode OF TEXAS of the greatest of former leaders. Woodrow of the jar lid shortage. However, one of these IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wilson said, "Liberty has never come from concerns to which I have already referred ls the government. The history of liberty is a Wednesday, October 8, 1975 the size of government. Even though we rec­ history of tne limitation of governmental ognize we may be somewhat over-impressed, Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, power, not the increase of it." coming here to Washington. from the small this week I had an opportunity to be Jim and I were married during World War communities in Iowa, we believe it to be an brought up to date on current develop­ II and during his four years of service in the indisputable fact that government at the European Theater, I worked as floor super­ local, state, and federal level cannot con­ ments in Paraguay. The Paraguayan visor at St. Lukes Hospital in Davenport, Ambassador at Large from Asuncion vis­ tinue to grow at the rate it has in recent Iowa until his return in 1945. At this time years. We are told that government pur­ ited Washington. In my lengthy visit we started farming and now own and oper­ chases now amount to 22 percent of the gross with Ambassador Dr. Antonio Salum­ ate 900 acres in Scott county, in partnership with Jim's brother Ned and our son, Jerry. product as compared to 13 percent in 1950 Flecha, I learned that the Paraguayan and only 10 percent in 1930. According to the Quarani continues to maintain a stable Our operation specializes in grain, cow-calf operation, feeder cattle, and farrow-to-finish Bureau of Labor Statistics, one out of every relationship to the U.S. dollar as it has 2,000 hogs yearly. As our children became six Americans is a government employee. The for the past 14 years. Paraguay reports old enough, they helped with the farm work Bureau's projection is that one out of four a favorable balance of trade and in­ which was good for character, development, new jobs during the next decade will be gov­ creased exports. It continues to build its and responsib111ty. It is said that the man ernment jobs. These same projections indi­ exports with beef, soy, cotton, lumber, that rolls up his sleeve seldom loses his shirt. cate that there might be an increase of 30 vegetable oil, and co:ff ee. Our oldest daughter, Pat, now Mrs. Robert percent in government between now and Under the capable leadership of Presi­ Hendrickson, is a probation deputy omcer 1985. If these statistics have any validity in San Diego. Our second daughter, Margo, at all, they are surely cause for concern. dent General Stroessner, the United Mrs. David Underwood, teaches biology and Allow me to go further and cite additional States has a strong ally and a firm pro­ zoology in the Marshall town IDgh School. figures. Monetary experts have estimated Western friend in South America. With Our oldest son, Paul, is doing graduate work that the government will require somewhere economic chaos in Argentina, Chile, a:r;id in education at the University of Iowa. between 70 and 80 percent of all the capital Uruguay, it is encouraging to report the Jerry, our youngest son, farms with us. We available during the next year. The Treas- October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32485 ury will have to borrow approximately $80 cans of the myth that deficit financing causes programs solving the problems they were billion this year as compared to $12 billion inflation. I resent both that columnist's ar­ designed to meet ls extremely poor. Even if last year. Each day $4 to $6 bilUon in treas­ rogance and his ignorance. Time and again that record were better, we can only imple­ ury bills changes hands. Approximately $100 we have had demonstrated the inflationary ment government programs that we can billion of government securities are due in effects of even small deficits such as $4 bil­ afford and apply the same standards we do 1975 and Will have to be refinanced. lion, $6 billion, $12 billion. How could we to our private living. There is real question on the part of possibly experience $50 or $80 billion without Probably the greatest failure of Congress America's leading businessmen whether or inflation? If deficit spending is not inflation­ and the executive branch has been the not this refinancing job can be achieved ary, why is it we as citizens pay any taxes at neglect of the supervision of the programs Without drastically restricting private busi­ all? The government has printing presses in existence. Once a program is started, the ness expansion. Some believe government and so far, the government has borrowing lack of Congress and executive branch's allocation of credit wtll be necessary within power. No one has explained to me how it ts oversight, plus the creeping bureaucracy in the next 24 months. If we do accept govern­ possible for the government to pick up an $80 the program, tends to make it ineffective. ment allocation of credit, do we any longer billion deficit without inflating the economy One of the greatest examples of this is the have a private enterprise system? to that degree. Of course, if the government grain inspection scandal. Had the Depart­ The facts are that some government allo­ borrowed this from individuals and bor­ ment of Agriculture and Congress acted re­ cation of credit already exists. over and over rowed money that those individuals were sponsibly, this never would have happened. for the last 25 years we have heard that planning to spend in other ways, you could We cannot tolerate government programs the housing and construction industries can­ argue for no inflation. But the facts are that once started wandering aimlessly about and not really get moving unless a government what the government borrows from individ­ costing enormous amounts of taxpayers' program of some type is adopted to provide uals and spends would probably have been money. finances. The Small Business Administration saved by those individuals in other forms. Of Fina.Uy, I recognize, of course, that much has been deemed necessary to :finance small course, worse yet, much of it ls not borrowed of what I've said tonight is debatable. In businesses. The Farmers Home Administra­ from individuals, and if it is handled in the general, however, we as rural people are tion and ASC have been used to :finance wrong way, it may create as much as $5 for prepared to defend these concepts as abso- agriculture. We are not necessarily opposed each dollar borrowed. Consequently, it is 1utely necessary and as in the interests of to these programs if carefully considered much more ln:flationary than the actual America over the long term. The poor and and implemented. On the other hand, it amount would indicate. the unfortunate do not gain by dragging would seem obvious that to proceed to the Our recommendation to Congress is that down others or by pulling apart those things degree that all business must be financed procedures be established and discipline ac­ that have made America so prosperous. We by government would be a. very serious cepted that Will balance the budget to a suf­ have come here partially to urge every rep­ mistake. ficient degree to at least hold inflation to a resentative we have in government to recog­ The interest on the national debt itself maximum of 4 percent and preferably better. nize the seriousness of the present situation is frightening. Recently, I read that the in­ Another cause of inflation is inefficient and and to take action accordingly. Unfortu­ terest on the national debt wlll exceed the insufficient production. These may be caused nately, we must recognize that the polls value of all raw materials produced in the by make-work provisions, featherbedding, indicate that the average person's respect United States. Just the interest on the na­ work restrictive legislation like how many for government and government representa­ tional debt, I am told, exceeds the total fed­ bricks can be laid or how many miles a rail­ tives is at an all-time low. Whether this is eral budget for any year prior to World War road crew can travel, labor monopoly, busi­ deserved or not, it certainly puts a responsi­ II. Some people assure us that this is no cause ness monopoly, over-regulaltion of indus­ bility on all of us to act more responsibly, for concern because we are merely paying it try and dozens of others. to study our policies and positions carefully, to ourselves. This might be true if that in­ We recommend vigorous implementation to minimize self-interest at the expense of terest was paid out to all people. But the of anti-trust action and the ellmination of others, and to do whatever is necessary to fact remains that many must be taxed heav­ labor's exemption from monopoly control make certain of America's continuing great­ ily to pay it unless we continue with un­ provisions. We believe the Congress should ness as we start our third 100 yea.rs. We make any type of work restriction other pledge our cooperation to these ends. abated deficit :financing. than that necessary to protect the health and I am dwelling on the subject of the size of safety of the worker positively mega.I. Con­ government budget and inflation because we gress should move to overhaul our regula­ consider it to be one of the greatest threats tory system. When it takes the Interstate HATCH ACT to the security of America. Inflation is at Commerce Commission ten years to decide best a cruel tax, which falls heaviest on those whether or not the Union Pacific and the people who can least afford it. These tend to Rock Island Railroads can merge, surely we be older people or others who must live on can agree that the system has reached the HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN fixed incomes and/or because of their situa­ ridiculous and needs overhauling. OF MARYLAND tion must be extremely conservative in their Another ca.use of inflation is insufficient IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES investments. Can we justify government pro­ ca.pita.I or incentive for investment. Selective grams doling out money to able-bodied peo­ investment credit can be used along With Wednesday, October 8, 1975 ple--yes, including farmers-and paying for less government domination of the capital these programs through inflation which an­ market. Price controls must be avQided at all Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, earlier nually takes from 6 to 12 percent of the costs because they have a negative effect on this year, the Subcommittee on Employee value of the hard-earned dollars that people production at the very time when it is most Political Righ~ and Intergovernmental have accumulated over a lifetime hoping to needed. Programs held public hearings on H.R. enjoy their last years With dignity? Com­ Full employment legislation has been in­ 3000, an amendment to the Hatch Act. I passion ls a word that has been emphasized flationary. The objective is admirable, but would like to share with my colleagues ln recent years. It is my hope that we all the wording of the present law actually sets maintain a generous amount of compassion. the remarks of one of my constituents, up as an objective overemployment. A well­ Mr. Kenneth Jenkins of College Park, The question is-is what I have described known fact, possibly regrettable, is that a really compassion? Is what we a.re doing certain percent of the work force is un­ Md. His remarks follow: through government truly compassion? employable and many of those carried on TESTIMONY OF KENNETH M. JENKINS These are the decisions that must be made. the statistics are only moving from one job My name is Kenneth M. Jenkins. I am a In addition to being a cruel tax, inflation to another or for other reasons are not really Career Federal employee working for the ls undesirable for many other reasons. It seeking employment. Consequently, govern­ Veterans Administration in Washington, D.C. makes planning and budgeting extremely ment policy designed to bring employment I wish to th~nk you for this opportunity to dlfilcult and often impossible. It distorts in­ to "full" is highly infiationary. testify on this bill. vestment patterns. It ls one of the reasons The last cause to which I Will refer is that It seems to me that certain changes to the for excessive land values which is making it of living beyond our means, both publicly Hatch Act are needed. This is especially true so dlfilcult for young people and the family and privately. America has been on a binge for the Federal employees who live in the farmer. It destroys the incentive to save and built on cheap energy and cheap food. We municipalities covered in section 7327 of the provide ifor ourselves. Inflation, out of con­ are the only country in all of history that Act. I support the following changes which trol, is dangerous. In fact, there is no record has been able to produce enough food for would apply to all Federal employees: in history of a country permitting ln:flation its people and more. Inexpensive energy 1s 1. All restrictions on political activity on to get out of control and maintaining the not likely to be available in the foreseeable the Local and State level lifted. form of government which existed when that future. At least while we are developing 2. The following restrictions on political loss of control occurred. alternate sources, we must curtail our living activity on the Federal level lifted: There are numerous ca.uses of inflation. We standards to those the country can support. (a) Serving as a delegate, alternate, or believe one of the greatest ls deficit :financ­ It is most important that government decide proxy to national party convention. ing on the part of the federal government. to live Within its means. We elected you as (b) Serving as a worker, not as an om­ Recently, an article in the Des Moines Regis­ our Congressmen and spokesmen--do you clal, in a Federal political campaign. ter by a professiona.l columnist referred to really feel you are doing a job in Washington I also support the lifting of all restrictions the continued belief by middle-class Amert- that you can be proud of? The record of on the political activity of Federal employees 32486 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 who live in the municipalities covered in Josef Cyrankiewicz, a Polish Commu­ sues as the above were at stake. • • • The section 7327 of the Act. nist government official from 1947 to People's Republic of China has not partici­ I take these positions for the following pated in WPC activities for several years. reasons: 1972 who now serves as chairman of the 1. Because we have a Federal System of Polish WPC branch. At the onset of the cold war, the ex­ Government, the Federal government should Harald Edel.stam, Swedish Ambassa­ pansionist policies of the Soviet Union, not restrict the political activity of Federal dor to Algeria, a revolutionary socialist after the open imPoSition of Communist employees when that activity concerns Local country he no doubt finds more congenial governments in Eastern Europe, were or State issues and only Federal employees than Chile where his strenuous efforts checkmated by the stronger Western are restricted from carrying out that activity. on behalf of Chilean Communists and 2. Serving as a delegate, alternate, or proxy military forces which possessed atomic to a national party convention or serving as a Socialists after the fall of the Allende arms. worker in a Federal political campaign are regime resulted in his expulsion. Lenin wrote in a private memorandum jobs that propMly restrict the Federal em­ James Lamond, a British Labour discovered among his papers in 1924: ployees' advocacy role on Federal issues with­ Party Member of Parliament and former [The capitalists] will open their doors wide out completely restricting their right to sup­ mayor of Aberdeen, Scotland. to us, and through these doors will speedily port a particular position or positions. Jose Murad, a ruling Partido Revolu­ enter the emissaries of the Comintern and 3. It 1s the nature of the municipalities cionario Institucional member of the of our party, investigation organs in the covered in section 7327 of the Act that Fed­ Mexican Parliament. guise of diplomatic, cultural and trade rep­ eral employees who live in them constitute Rev. Richard Andriamanjaito, presi­ resentatives * * *. They will open up credits a large percentage of the total number of peo­ for us, which will serve us for the purpose ple living in each municipality. This means dent of the All-Africa Council of of supporting Communist parties in their that the non-federal employees living In Churches and mayor of Tannanarive, countries. They will supply us with the mate­ these municipalities have a potentially great­ capital of the Malagasy Republic. rial and technology which we lack and will er voice in advocating their positions on Fed­ Puraibi Mukherjee, general secretary restore our military industry, which we need eral issues than they deserve thereby denying of the ruling Congress Party of India and for our future victorious attacks on our sup­ to their Federal employee neighbors an eq'1al member of the Indian Parliament. pliers. opportunity to voice their positions on Fed­ eral issues. A brief background of the World Peace It is clear that Lenin believed that in Council's origins and activities is in or­ the end the socialist countries, allied with der so that we may more clearly under­ the "third world" nations, would engage stand the import of this new salient. THE WORLD PEACE COUNCIL IN in war with the capitalists in the Western The Hoover Institute ait Stanford Uni­ democracies which the socialists would CONGRESS: SOVIETS LOBBY FOR versity, in its Yearbook on International U.S. DISARMAMENT win. The U.S. nuclear capability forced Communist Affairs, 1974, reports: the U.S.S.R. to revise that belief. The "World Peace" movement headed by As the British expert in Russian the World Pe.ace council (WPC) dates from HON. LARRY McDONALD August 1948, when a "World congress of In­ studies, Leonard Schapiro, wrote in 1974: OF GEORGIA tellectuals for Peaoe" in Wr-ocla.w, Poland, Yet-and thi.s is where the importance of ultimate purpose becomes apparent-there IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES set up an organJ.zation called the "Interna­ ·t~onal Uaison committee of Intellecturus." is nothing to indicate that the main aim has Wednesday, October 8, 1975 This committee in April 1949 convened a ever been abandoned. World socialism is now "First World Peace Congress" in Paris. The to be achieved by subversion, political war­ Mr. McIX>NALD of Georgia. Mr. congress launched a "World Committee of fare, and military preponderance. Witness Speaker, an eight-member delegation Partisans of Peace," which in November 1950 the greatly superior Soviet forces facing the from the World Peace Council, the prin­ was renamed the "World Peace Council." North Atlantic Treaty powers. These forces cipal Russian international propaganda Originally based in Pwris, it was expelled in have been steadily increasing in the past !ew apparatus, is touring the United States 1951 by the French government, moving fLrst years, despite persistent talk of detente. Or in an effort ·to coordinrute a post-Vietnam to Pmgue and then, in 1954, to Vienna­ witness the steady increase in the past two drive aigainst American defense pre­ where it adopted the name "World Oouncil years in the number of Soviet intelligence of Peace." Although outlawed. in Austria in officers in the countries of Europe. paredness. A broad range of American 19-57, the World Council of Peace continued The use of an overwhelming military leaders and supporters of "detente" have its operations in Vienna under the cover presence and the maximum espionage and been targeted for contact by these Soviet of a new organimtion, the Intenia.tional In­ subversion presence are part of what has al­ agents. They include "peace aictivists," stl:tute for Peace (HP). The HP has sub­ ways been described in Soviet terminology as churchmen, labor officials, certain busi­ sequently been referred to by WPC members "ideological struggle," which is repeatedly nessmen, well-connected _members of as the "scienpeaceful coexistence." As Brezhnev said on course, Members of Congress and the t.ember 1968 the World Council of Peace June 27, 1972: ·transfen-ed its headquarter.s to Helsinki, "While pressing for the assertion of the Senate. whllle the HP remained in Vienna. Although principle of peaceful coexistence, we realize The World Peace Council-WPC­ no formal announceiment was made, the that successes in this important matter in which last month in an outrageous inter­ World Council of Peooe has reveirted to its no way signify the possib111ty of weakening ference into the internal affairs of this original n:ame, the World Peace Council. the ideological struggle. On the contrary, we country held an international C·Onfer­ The WPC is or~aniized on a naMonal basis, should be prepared for an intensification of ence in Havana to coordinate a new with "Peace Oommittees" in some 80 coun­ this struggle and for it to assume an increas­ long-term drive to close down our vital tries. No figure o;f the total number of mem­ ingly more acute form of struggle between bers has ever been disclosed, but there wre the two social systems." military bases in Puerto Rico and install members in more than 100 countries, most a Cuban-style Mairxist-Leninist regime of them representing Peace Committees. The In other words, the policy of "peaceful there, has been officially established for highest authorities of the WPC aire its 600- coexistence" is the logical implementa­ many years as an international Commu­ memlber Council, the council-elected 50- tion under present world conditions of nist front closely controlled by the So­ mem1beir Presidential Committee, and the Lenin's policy of trade and diplomatic viet Union. As such, WPC representa­ Committee-elected 15-memher Secretariat. relations on the one hand with pro­ tives axe not eligible for U.S. visas. The Presidential Committee and Secre­ tracted political warfare and subversion The WPC del·egation arrived at Ken­ tariat exercise control between Council ses­ on the other. sion. • • • Accompanied by Karen Talbot, a Com­ nedy International Airport on Septem­ A number of structurlal ohanges adopted ber 28: the eight-member group in­ ·by the 1971 A&sembly inorea.sed. the author­ munist Party, U.S.A.-CPUSA-member cluded: ity and ·control of the WPC over the various who serves as U.S. secretary to the World Romesh Chandra, a well-known lead­ Peace Committees a.nd even individual mem­ Peace Council headquarters in Helsinki, ing member of the Central Committee of bers. * * * the WPC delegation was in Washington, the Communist Party of India who has The WPC, according to its stated tenets, D.C., on September 29 and 30, meeting served as WPC secretary-.general since favors general disarmament; elimination of with assorted Government and private all forms of colonialism e.nd ra.ci&l discrimi­ officials. To enable my colleagues to see 1965. nation; and respect for the territorial integ­ Jacov Lomko, editor in chief of Mos­ rity, popular sovereignty, and independence for themselves what sort of propaganda cow News, the Soviet Government's offi­ of every state. From its inception, however, capital is made from these meetings be­ cial English language publication, and the WPC has defended the pollcles of the tween responsible U.S. leaders and the representative of the U.S.S.R. branch of Soviet Union and attacked those of the West­ agents of Soviet fronts, the following is the WPC, the Soviet Peace Committee. ern powers in every instance where such is- from the repoTt by DaYy World Wash- October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32481 ington correspondent Tim Wheeler pub­ The CPUSA press reported that on Polish Communist Premier Josef Cyran­ lished October 1, 1975: Monday, September 29, the World Peace kiewicz. WASHINGTON, september 30.-8enator Council contingent was given a reception At a later press conference, Chandra Charles Mee. Mathias (R-Md.) welcomed a at the home of Dr. Alfred Hemly, was introduced by Dr. Luther Evans, delegation of the World Peace Council to his obviously another sloppy Daily World president of the World Federalists, whose office today and proposed that the U.S. take typo for Dr. Alfred Henley, an aging the initiative in efforts to curb the arms race. public record of support and activity He suggested that the U.S. halt production Stalinoid with a Ph. D. in physics who with pro-Soviet and pro-CPUSA fronts of the new Trident nuclear submarine as a operates a scientific apparatus-appa­ and causes has few rivals. Evans was a gesture of good will. rat ?-business called Henley Associates featured participant earlier this year in Mathias is a member of the senate For­ from his home at 11009 Kenilworth the CPUSA organized National Emer­ eign Relations Committee. Avenue, Garrett, Md., in which he has gency Conference for a Drastic Cutback Mathias nodded agreement with a state­ employed a variety of other old leftists. in Military Spending held in Chicago ment by Romesh Chandra, head of the dele­ Henley was active in the 1940's with to advance the Soviet/WPC goal of an gation and general secretary of the WPC, that the Washington Bookshop, notorious for conditions are favorable for new initiatives obsolete, under-equipped, ineffective to halt the arms race and strengthen U.S.­ its activities as a center for the Com­ American military. Soviet detente. munist underground in the Federal Gov­ During their speaking engagements, Mathias responded that "detente is a pro­ ernment. Henley has been a shop steward the World Peace Council group has been cedure" which lays the basis "for new agree­ for the United Electrical Workers union, accompanied and supported by: ments." expelled from the CIO for its CPUSA Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett, identified He told the delegation about a resolution domination. More recently, Henley CPUSA activist, publisher of the San he had introduced in the senate calling for taught Marxist theory at the W.E.B. Du­ ratification of the Vladivostok agreement Francisco Sun Reporter and Metro coupled with a proposal that the U.S. seek Bois School of Marxist Studies, a sub­ Reporter, president of the National further negotiations with the Soviet Union division of the Washington Free Univer­ Newspaper Publishers Association, and for ceilings on strategic weapons lower than sity organized by students with George­ member of the WPC Presidential Com­ those permitted under the Vladlvostock town University funds and logistical mittee. agreement. support. Prof. Howard L. Parsons, a specialist He greeted Chandra's suggestion that The W .E.B. DuBois School, which in Marxist theory whose record of lead­ parliamentarians from around the world stated it worked for "the day when a arrange a conference to discuss new initia­ ership in CPUSA fronts and causes ex­ tives to curb the aTmS race. single effective Marxist party can lead tends from teaching at the Abraham the oppressed majority of Americans in Lincoln School in 1944 through serving • • • • * their immediate struggles and to ulti­ The delegates were guests of honor today in high positions with the American In­ at a luncheon sponsored by Rep. John mate socialism," drew its instructors stitute for Marxist Studies, the National Conyers (D-Mich) and Rep. Philip Burton from the ranks of the Young Workers Committee to Repeal the McCarran Act, (D-Cal) in the Capitol restaurant. Liberation League-YWLI.r-youth arm the American Committee for the Protec­ Conyers greeted the delegates on behalf of the CPUSA, and from oldtime activ­ tion of the Foreign Born, National Coun­ of the Congressional Black Caucus. Burton ists in CPUSA fronts and causes. cil of American Soviet Friendship, and welcomed them in his role as chairman of Accompanying the WPC delegation in the Methodist Federation for Social Ac­ the House Democratic Caucus. Washington were George B . Murphy, Jr., tion, also an identified CPUSA front. The Daily World account continued national representative of the Afro­ Parsons has been president of the Board with an account of the World Peace American newspaper chain who has been for Philosophical Study of Dialectical Council delegation's meetings with other a n active Communist Party member for Materialism and member of the board of detente and disarmament promoters in­ more than four decades; and members of the World Fellowship of Faith. cluding Rev. Nelson H. Smith, president Women Strike for Peace, a U.S. affiliate Rev. Ralph David Abernathy, an hon­ of the Progressive Baptist Convention, of another international Soviet front, orary president of the WPC and member and Bishop James T. Matthews of the the Women's International Democratic of its Presidential Committee who has United Church of Christ, a member of Federation-WIDF-which operates in headed the Southern Christian Leader­ the board of the World Council of conjunction with the WPC to support ship Conference since 1968. Churches which has supported various the Soviet foreign policy line. Pauline Royce Rosen, an identified Marxist-Leninist guerrilla "national In New York City later in the week, CPUSA member who heads the New York liberation" struggles and generally sup­ the delegation of Soviet propagandists office of the WPC. She was coordinator ported the Soviet line. The Daily World was officially received by Angier Biddle of the Chandra-led delegation. reported Bishop Matthews' speech to Duke, a former Ambassador, State De­ Sylvia Kushner, another Stalinist Romesh Chandra's group and noted: partment chief of protocol, and influen­ CPUSA warhorse who coordinates half­ Methodists in the U.S., he said, are seek­ tial member of the elite one-world inter­ a-dozen Communist Party fronts from ing to place emphasis on "world peace, dis­ nationalist Council on Foreign Relations her offices in the Chicago Peace Council armament and self-development of peoples." which acts as an informal "supra-State and was also involved in tour arrange­ "I hope you don't feel that you are with­ Department." Duke is currently director ments. out allies here," he added. "We are not about of the Department of Civil Affairs of New to give up the struggle. We need a people's Typical or the public meetings spon­ movement east and west that says, 'Thus far York City and acted as Mayor Abraham sored by local "civic, religious and labor and no further.' " Beame's official representative in meet­ leaders" for the Soviet propaganda team ing the World Pea\•.e Council entourage.· was that scheduled for Monday, October Chandra responded with an attack on The CPUSA newspaper reported with 6 in Detroit at the Cathedral Church of the "enemies of detente" and a smugly more than satisfaction, "Duke hailed the St. Paul. hypocritical attack on the CIA for Council's 25-year work for peace, and Among the sponsors of the meeting "meddling in the internal affairs of na­ presented the delegates with Bicenten­ listed by the Daily World October 3, 1975, tions around the world." nial medals." were: Chandra called for the "U.S. peace The presentation of medals '1onoring movement" to continue to act as a "fifth Recorders Court Judge George W. the American Bicentennial-the anni­ Crockett, Jr., a long time National Law­ column" for communism, specifically versary of a country whose ideals of free­ urging it "to step forward and play the yers Guild activist and sponsor of CPUSA same role against U.S. interventionism dom and respect for the rights of the causes. elsewhere in the world that it played in individual are anathema to Leninist State Representative Jackie Vaughn the struggle against the Vietnam war." thought-to a delegation of Soviet public III, farmer coleader of the local Angela It seems that having won the struggle rel·ations agents is a.n insult both to the Davis Defense Committee and current for Southeast Asia, the world Communist patriotic people of New York City and codirector of the Detroit branch of the movement is much less reticent about the to the rest of America. In no case can National Alliance Against Racist and true role played by the so-called peace Ambassador Duke plead ignorance of the Political Repression, a CPUSA organized or antiwar movement in the struggle WPC's origins and goals, nor can he have and operated front. to erode America's will to resist Com­ been unaware of the background of Ro­ Roman Catholic Bishop Thomas J. munist imperialism. mesh Chandra, Jacov Lomko, or former Gumbleton. 32488 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 Dave Miller, chairman, International When the National Health Service was Br1'tain. (I am not discussing the amount, Retirees Advisory Council, United Auto started, the Government proposed a free­ but only the method). The method is so bad Workers-UAW. dom of choice of doctor. "This," Dr. Part­ it has a big bearing on the care of the patients. Congressman John Conyers, Jr. ridge states, "is a myth. For all intents, The doctors are paid by the Government. Maryann Mahaffey, Detroit Common once you are registered with a doctor in The patients pay nothing for the service. Council. your area, you are stuck. This registra­ (Except through their Taxes!) Clyde Cleveland, Detroit Common tion is a terrible infringement of pa­ Here we have the number one evil, the Council. tient's liberty and choice." capitation system of payment to doctors. By Erma. Herderson, Detroit Common The system is so organized that pa­ this method the doctor ls paid approximately Council. tients receive impersonal and often in­ 4 dollars per patient on his list per year. (A . little more for the elderly). The doctor needs State Representative Perry Bullard. adequate service. According to Dr. Part­ about 3,000 patients on his list to make a . Rev. Richard Devor. ridge, each patient averages five items living. It is quite easy to handle 3,000 pa­ Rev. Frederick G. Sampson. of service per year which means that a tients, acting as a sort of clearing house, John Cherveny, general manager, doctor with 3,000 patients on his list can but it ls quite impossible to doctor them, Ferndale Cooperative. expect 15,000 consultations each year. to listen to them, examine them and reas­ Jordan Sims, president, UAW Local He notes that- sure them as we were taught to do as stu­ 961. With all the good will in the world it is dents. So the doctor ls paid on quantt.ty, not Louis Carreiro, President, UAW Local impossible to give tender loving care to the quality. 935. sick patient with so much work to get A proper first examination should take through. . . . The loss to the community of about 45 minutes, but in the N.H.S. about 4 Harry Syverson, president, UAW Local minutes is the more usual time, and unlucky 329. the family doctor is one of the worst casual­ ties of the N .H.B. • • • Good medicine takes patients often do not get that, but a.re given Leonard Green, president, UAW Local time--45 minutes for a new consultation. a prescription following a telephone call to 78. Under the N.H.S. the average is about 4 min­ the receptionist. This is treatment without Joel Block, president, American Fed­ utes. diagnosis. This is not quality care. eration of State, County and Municipal And there ls no consumer control by the Employees-AFSCME-Local 1583. Those Americans who wish to bring patient because most doctors have full lists Milton Tamber, president, AFSCME this kind of medicine to our country and the patient who is foolish enough to will eagerly support current proposals for complain runs the risk of being turned off Local 1640. the list, branded as a "trouble-maker" and As in previous pressure campaigns op­ national health insurance. Hopefully, being left without a doctor until the Gov­ erated by the Soviet Union's proxies in most Americans will examine the British ernment administrators allocate him to an­ this country, we may expect a concen­ system, observe its failures, and see to other doc·tor's list. Imagine how the patient trated antidefense effort in coming it that such a system is not adopted here. must feel! months. As an elementary first step of I wish to share Dr. Partridge's thought­ At the onset the Government promised a resistance to this sort of subversion, the ful address with my colleagues, and in­ Freedom of Choice of Doctor. This ls a myth. sert it into the RECORD at this time: For all intents, once you are registered with State Department should enforce the a doctor in your area, you are stuck. This reg .. sections of the U.S. Code banning mem­ THE GENERAL PRACTICE SIDE OF THE BRITISH istratlon is a terrible infringement of pa .. bers of totalitarian organizations from NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE tient's liber·ty and choice. entering our country. (By Dr. A. J. Partridge) Most doctors are good but they are beaten INTRODUCTION by the system. Each patient, sick and well, I have been in practice in the N.H.S. for averages 5 items of service per year, there­ as long as it has been in exlstence-27 fore a. _doctor with 3,000 pat ients on his list SOME LESSONS FOR US TO LEARN years, both in General Practice and in the can expect 15,000 consultations per year. FROM SOCIALIZED MEDICINE IN Hospital Service, and I have been very con­ With all the goodwill in t he world it is ENGLAND scious of the threat to standards of medical impossible to give tender loving care to the care as they affect the seriously 111 patient. sick patient with so much work to get I want to emphasise the seriously 111 patient through. Many doctors try h ard but are as this is the most important patient. worked to death, and into the bad bargain HON. PHILIP M. CRANE are financially worse -off than many of their OF ILLINOIS As a doctor I would like to live in a society where the seriously 111 patient and the pa­ colleagues who have lost heart and h ave IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tient with long term illness is "cushioned" given up trying. These lazy doctors "cope" Wednesday, October 8, 1975 against the cost of their disaster and where with the 15,000 consultations by th e "dis­ high quality medical attention is readily· posal system", by giving drugs without Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, socialized available. I want this for everyone, rich and examination-which is not only costly but medicine in England has been a major poor alike because the sadness of lllness af­ highly dangerous-or by sending their failure if we are to judge it by the quality fects everyone. patients to the hospital to do the sorting for of care available to the average British Surely, it will be asked, does not tl\e Brit­ them-thereby over-burdening the hospital. citizen who is solely dependent upon the ish N.H.S. measure up to this? I am afraid Mark this too! it does not as I wm explain. There is a reward for having young and National Health Service. There is a se­ healthy patients on this list, as t h ese are rious shortage of hospital beds and other The British public for years have been told by the politicians that our N.H.S. is the rarely seen, but the old and the sick are facilities and long waits for all but the "Envy of the World" and many people of all most unrewarding financially-they are the most essential surgical procedures. The political parties believe this. Formerly to work load. The capitation system is bad. It United States with its private practice .criticise the N.H.S. was like saying "I don't tends to make the elderly and the sick the system of medicine, on the other hand believe in God". Ill health has a strong emo­ unwanted patients. It rewards t he slack and has a surplus of hospital beds and n~ tive background and once this "Free-at-the­ bad doctor and penalises the good doctor. long waiting periods for hospital admis­ time" service had been started no political In the interests of the Sick patient there sion. party dared to modify it. Now its grave faults cannot be a. worse method of paying a • are becoming more and more obvious to the doctor. It ls one of the worst features of the In a talk presented at the Health Care N.H.S. as so many evils stem from it. Symposium sponsored by the Congress of people and ma.ny a.re becoming completely County Medical Societies in Gaithers­ disenchanted with it. THE DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP Of course there are some good features in This ls one of the most important things, burg, Md., on September 12 to 14, 1975, the service. There are many good doctors and but counts for nothing in the N.H.S. In Dr. A. J. Partridge of Great Britain set many pockets of excellence. (Which would the old days the Family Doctor was the family forth his own analysis of the National have been present without the N.H.S. !) I friend. He was respected and along with the Health Service. tlon't think there is a perfect method of priest or parson dispensed wisdom as well Dr. Partridge pointed out that­ providing medical care anywhere in the as medicine. All this has gone. He is now There ls no consumer control by the pa­ World, but it is my conviction that this looked upon a.s "The half-way House" to the tt_ent because most doctors have full lists and British N.H.S. for the most pa.rt delivers a hospital or the Chemist. How has this come the patient who is foolish enough to com­ poor and impersonal service to the seriously about? plain runs the risk of being turned off the 111 patient both at genera.I practice level and Because everything is free, the self list, branded as a "troublemaker" and being at hospital level. I will concentrate on the reliance of many of the patients has gone. left without a doctor until the Government Genera.I Practice side. They no longer think for themselves. There administrators allocate him to another doc­ CAPITATION METHOD OF PAYMENT is no financial "barrier" between them and tor's list. Imagine how the patient must It is important to understand the meth­ the doctor. Further it ls their "rights". After feel! od of payment of general practitioners in all the doctor ls paid, and they pay their October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32489 taxes. As a result of this all too prevalent Let's name a few examples: Cancer, Mental tional League of Families of Missing attitude the doctor is literally flooded with lllness, Multiple Sclerosis, Diabetes, Rheuma­ Servicemen. The committee has already trivia (over and above his serious problems), toid Arthritis. These can all be sad and and he has to erect a "Barrier" to protect ruinous. held similar briefing sessions to receive him.self. In m any cases he has installed a Without being accurate but to give a sense information from the Department of forbidding re:!eptionist whose job it is to of proportion a General Practitioner has a State, Department of Defense, and the "stall" as many calls as possible. She is often thousand new short term cases to see for U.S. representative to the Peoples' Re­ known as the "Dragon at the door". Un­ every one long term case. public of China. These background ses­ fortunately she often "stalls" genuinely sick A comprehensive "Free - at - the -Time" sions have proved to be extremely helpful patients too. This is terrible and very sad. health service means that the short term to the members and will provide them the The doctor himself, in many cases, has cases are using up the limited medical and necessary information prior to our begin­ had to become "cold" to discourage unneces­ :financial rations at the expense of the long sary work. All this is really against his na­ term, disaster problems. ning formal open hearings at which time ture. It has destroyed the plea.sure of his Society desperately needs a good "cushion", we will invite Secretary Kissinger and work. The alternative is to be overwhelmed. financial and medical for Long Term illness. Secretary Schlesinger to testify. Also ex­ Once a.gain the sick suffer. I am convinced that the "cushion" must pected to testify during the formal hear­ These are tangible and intangible "bar­ be put behind the patient so that the patient ings will be families of MIA's, Mr. Walter riers" which have been erected which were can always be a "private" patient well cush­ Cronkite representing missing journal­ never there in the old days. A small finan­ ioned. The "cushion" must not be used to ists, representatives of missing mission­ cial "barrier" at the time of service is not pay the doctor direct from the state as this permitted by the left wing politicians. "feather-beds" bad and lazy doctors, dis­ aries, plus others. There is an undeclared war between the courages good doctors, and leaves the patient Mr. Speaker, the Select Committee on greedy and inadequate patient and the doc­ without any "Consumer" control. MIA's, to use a brief title, is on schedule tor, and once again the sick patient is the SUMMARY and is looking forward to the challenge real casualty. The G.P. has been downgraded to the role ahead. I am also pleased that we have The loss to the community of the Family of a "sorter". His most important instru­ had 100-percent attendance at all meet­ Doctor is one of the worst casualties of the ment is a well filled Fountain Pen. ings thus far. N.H.S. The G.P. is the servant of the State who Pursuant to the rules of the House, I No society can afford comprehensive cover pays him. medically or financially. This is the mistake include at this point in the RECORD the we British have made. As a result, except The Capitation System of payment does rules of the House Select Committee on not reward quality service-any quantity. It Missing Persons in Southeast Asia, which for pockets of excellence, it is a diluted third is marvellous for bad and lazy doctors and class service throughout. for well and greedy patients, but it ls bad were adopted unanimously September 30: Society should concentrate its resources on SECURITY PROCEDURES AND REGULATIONS Long Term and Serious Illness, and should for good doctors and extremely bad for sick and elderly pa.tients--often the unwanted Pursuant to rule 7.2 of the House Select not dilute its resources by covering Short Committee on Missing Persons in Southeast Term and self curing ailments. workload. "Free-at-the-time" has meant a fiood of Asia, the following security procedures and Let us consider this more carefully­ regulations have been approved: Medical ailments can usefully be divided trivial complaints. This no Financial "bar­ into two main groups: rier" has meant that the doctor has had to 1. Members of the committee shall have to access at all times to all materials received 1. Short Term Illness. raise two other "barriers" protect himself 2. Long Term Illness. from overwork. He tends to adopt a cold and or obtained pursuant to House Resolution disinterested manner, (probably foreign to 335. SHORT TERM Il.LNESS his nature!). The Dragon-like receptionist 2. All committee staff members with ap­ The quantity of short term illness Ls is another new unpleasant formidable "bar­ propriate security clearances, as determined enormous. The range is from the most trival rier". by the Committee, will have access to docu­ to comparatively serious problems. For ex­ THE KIND FAMil.Y DOCTOR IS A THING OF THE ments and materials as determined by the ample, at least once per week most of us PAST staff director, the chairman and the ranking have an odd ache or discomfort in our body minority member. in one place or another which clears up Good medicine takes time-45 minutes for 3. All committee staff will submit to the spontaneously. The inadequate fly to the a new consultation. Under the N.H.S. the average is about 4 minutes. person designated to control the security of doctor with these. Then there are things like Many prescriptions are given without con­ materials, any and all materials received or sunburn or the common cold. A bit more obtained pursuant to House Resolution 335, sultation or diagnosis following a telephone 94th Congress. _ important are conditions like measles or the message. This may be time saving but it is fiu. These conditions do need medical at­ highly dangerous. 4. All classified materials wm be main­ tention, but they a.re not a great worry or The Drug blll, which the State picks up, tained in safes within the committee's of­ expense. A patient may have an appendicitis. is huge. Many patients with anxieties and fices. Records of receipt will be kept. The in­ This is important and could be quite ex­ self limiting lllnesses do not require pre­ ternal handling and disposition of such clas­ pensive, but the expense is limited. It is scriptions if the doctor is "speaking from sified material, including classified waste, probably a great inconvenience and may have strength" following a proper consultation will be the responsibllity of a security officer spoiled a holiday. But the point about all and examination. Rarely possible under designated by the staff director with approval these short term lllnesses is that they a.re N .H.S. G .P. system. They get prescriptions of the chairman in consultation with the not disasters. They are part of the ordinary instead of service. ranking minority member. process of living. Finally: I plead "Guilty" for practicing 5. All classified materials may be examined There is very little real poverty in Britain, this type of medicine for 14 years. I hated only at reading fac111ties located in a secure I am glad to say, and most people could well it and hated myself. I finally resigned in dis­ area. Notes may be taken but must remain afford to pay for all their short term illnesses. gust in 1962 and entered the Hospital service. in the committee's offices. Copying, duplicat­ It may mean a cut-back on colour telly or ing, recording, or removing from the com­ Bingo or holidays in Spain. If they had to mittee staff offices such materials is pro­ pay they would no longer flood the doctors hibited, except as specifically approved by the with the trivia. Sadly, however, they have staff director and with approval of the chair­ been brainwashed that they are entitled to HOUSE SELECT COMMITTEE ON man. everything Free. Little do they reallse that MISSING PERSONS IN SOUTHEAST 6. Classified materials used in meetings they are stealing the time and resources ASIA RULES and hearings will not be removed, copied, re­ from the really sick people. corded, or duplicated. At the conclusion of LONG TERM Il.LNESS the meeting or hearing the materials will be collected and secured by the security These are the real disasters Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY OF MISSISSIPPI officer. These are the ones which ruin life's 7. Material not classified or material in the happiness. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES public domain will be made available upon These are the ones which prevent people Wednesday, October 8, 1975 request to designated staff of committee from working. members. The material wlll be checked in These are the ones we all fear. We don't Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, I and out and examined in a designated area really fear the short term lllnesses, these am pleased to report that as of this of the committee's offices. are just nuisance value and temporarily Thursday, the House Select Committee 8. As a condition of employment, each staff costly and uncomfortable. on Missing Persons in Southeast Asia The long term illness can go on and on member shall execute a security agreement. and on with no cure in sight, and may lead will have completed the first phase of its Staff members falling to abide by the agree­ to institution life, a wheel chair, continuous operations. On Thursday, the committee ment and these security regulations shall expense and no money coming in; a burden will hold an informal meeting to receive be subject to immediate termination of em­ on ones family. All absolutely ghastly! back.ground information from the Na- ployment. 32490 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975

RULES FOR THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON MISSING vidual rights of privacy, or would violate any c. receive and dispose of requests from such PERSONS IN SOUTHEAST AsIA law or rule of the House of Representatives. person to subpena additional witnesses. 1. The Rules of the House of Representa­ No person other than members of the com­ 4.5 Except as provided in rule 4.4 above, tives are the rules of the committee except mittee and such committee staff, members' the chairman shall receive and the commit­ as otherwise provided herein. personal staff and departmental repreBenta­ tee shall dispose of requests to subpena addi­ tives, as may be authorized by the chair­ tional witnesses. RULE 2. MEETING PROCEDURES man, shall be present at any hea.ring which 4.6 The minority party members of the 2.1 For the purpose of carrying out any has been closed to the public: Provided, how­ committee shall be entitled, upon timely re­ of its functions and duties, the committee ever, that the committee may by the same quests to the chairman of the majority of is authorized to sit and act at such times procedure vote to close one subsequent day them, to call witnesses selected by the mi­ and places within or without the United of hearing. · nority to testify with respect ·to the matter in States whether the House is in session, has 2.10 The committee shall make public an­ question. recessed, or has adjourned, and to hold nouncement of the date, place and subject 4.7 When a witness is before the commit­ hearings. The committee will meet at such matter of the committee hearing at least one tee, members of the commitee may put ques­ times as may be fi~ed by the chairman or by week before the commencement of the hear­ tions to the witness only when they have the written request of a majority of the ing. However, if the chairman of the com­ been recognized by the chairman for that members of the committee in accordance mittee determines that there is good cause purpose. with House rule XI, clause 2(c). Members of to begin the hearing sooner, he shall make 4.8 Members of the committee who so de­ the committee shall be given reasonable no­ the announcement at the earliest possible sire shall have not to exceed five minutes tice which except in extraordinary circum­ date. Any announcement made under this to interrogate each witness until such time stances, shall be at least 24 hours in ad­ paragraph shall be promptly published in the as each member has had an opportunity to vance of any meeting. Daily Digest. interrogate such witness; thereafter, addi­ 2.2 No general proxies may be used for 2.11 The chairman may call informal tional time for questioning witnesses by any purpose. A member may vote by special meetings of the committee upon 24 hours members is discretionary with the chairman. proxy, which must be in writing, shall as­ notice for purpose of receiving background 4.9 No sworn depositions will be taken un­ sert that the member is unable to be present information with such meetings to be held less authorized by the chairman, who shall at the meeting of the committee, shall desig­ in available space in Capitol Building. In­ inform the ranking minority member, or by nate the person who is to execute the proxy formal meetings held pursuant to this para­ vote of the committee. authorization, and shall be limited to a spe­ graph will be considered closed because of cific measure or matter and any amendments RULE 5. STAFF limitation of space with only those persons 5.1 The appointment of all staff members or motions pertaining thereto; except that authorized by chairman allowed to attend. a member may authorize a general proxy and consultants shall be made by the chair­ only for motions to recess, adjourn or other RULE 3. SUBPENAS man and the staff director in consultation procedural matters. Each proxy to be effec­ 3.1 The committee may require, by sub­ with the ranking minority member. Staff tive shall be signed by the member assign­ pena or otherwise, the attendance and testi­ members shall be under the direct super­ ing his vote and shall contain the date and mony of such witnesses and the production vision and control of the chairman and staff time of day that the proxy is signed. Proxies of such books, records, correspondence, director in consultat ion with the ranking may not be counted for a quorum. All proxies memorandums, papers, documents, and minority member and shall be responsive to must be filed with the committee counsel other memorandums and materials as it all members of the committee. and be available for inspection at any time. deems necessary. Any such subpena may 5.2 The staff of the committee shall not 2.3 No recommendation shall be reported or be issued by the committee in the conduct of discuss either the substance or procedure of tabled by the committee unless a majority of an investigation or activity or a series of in­ the work of the committee with anyone other the committee is actually present. vestigations or activities, only when author­ than a member of the committee or com­ 2.4 A rollcall of the members may be had ized by a majority of the members of the mittee personnel or such person authorized on the request of two members. committee, and authorized subpenas shall by chairman in consultation with ranking 2.5 A majority of the committee shall con­ be signed by the chairman of the committee minority member. Staff members shall not stitute a quorum for the purpose of taking or by any members designated by the chair­ initiate any avenues of investigation or take final action on matters before the commit­ man. Each subpena shall contain a copy of any independent testimony which has not tee. However, a quorum for the purpose of House Resolution 335, 94th Congress, 1st ses­ been authorized by the chairman in con­ taking testimony and receiving evidence by sion. Compliance with any subpena issued sultation with ranking minority member. the committee shall consist of two members, by the committee may be enforced only as 5.3 As a condition of employment each staff at least one of which shall be a member of authorized by the House. member shall affirm that he fully under­ the minority party unless the ranking min­ RULE 4. PROCEDURES FOR TAKING TESTIMONY stands the rules and regulations of the com­ ority member consents otherwise. mittee and agrees to abide by them. Any staff 4.1 When giving testimony, witnesses may member who fails to abide by the commit­ 2.6 At each hearing the chairman shall be accompanied by their own counsel. There announce prior to the opening statement of tee rules or the conditions of his or her em­ shal1 be no direct or cross examination by ployment shall be subject to immediate dis­ the witness the subject of the investigation witness' counsel. The chairman of the com­ and a copy of the committee rules shall be missal by the chairman. mittee, or any member of the committee or 5.4 The chairman shall have the authority made available to each witness. staff member of the committee or staff mem­ 2.7 The time any one member may address to utilize the services, information, facUities, ber designated by the chairman may admin­ and personnel of the departments and estab­ the committee on any matter under consid­ ister oaths to any witness. eration by the committee shall not exceed lishments of the Government, and to pro­ 4.2 Any prepared statement to be pre­ cure the temporary and intermittent serv­ 5 minutes, and then only when he has been sented by a witness to the committee shall recognized by the chairman, except that this ices of experts or consult'8.llts or organiza­ be submitted to the committee at least 72 tions thereof to make studies or assist or ad­ time limit may be exceeded by unanimous hours in advance of presentation and shall consent. v.fse the committe with respect to any matter be distributed to all members of the commit­ under investigation. 2.8 Each committee meeting for the trans­ tee at least 48 hours in advance of presenta­ RULE 6. PROTECTION OF PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS action of business shall be open to the pub­ tion. If a prepared statement contains se­ lic except when the committee, in open ses­ curity information bearing a classification 6.1 At the discretion of the chairman, any sion and with a quorum being present, de­ the statement shall be made available only material and testimony received or obtained termines by rollcall vote that all or part of in the committee rooms to all members of pursuant to House Resolution 335, 94th Con­ the remainder of the meeting on that day the committee at least 48 hours in advance gress, may be deemed to have been received shall be closed to the public. No person other of presentation; however, no such statement by the committee in executive session and than members of the committee and such shall be removed from the committee offices: shall be given appropriate safekeeping. committee staff, members' personal staff, and Provided, however, that these requirements 6.2 The chairman in consultation with the departmental representatives as may be au­ may be waived by the chairman. ranking minority member of the committee thorized by the chairman, shall be present 4.3 In the discretion of the committee, shall, with the approval of the committee, at any business session which has been closed witnesses may submit brief and pertinent establish such procedures as in his judgment to the public: Provided, however that the sworn statements for inclusion in the record. may be necessary to prevent the unauthor­ committee may by the same procedure vote The committee is the sole judge of the per­ ized disclosure of all material and testimony to close one subsequent meeting. tinency of tes·timony and evidence adduced received or obtained pursuant to House Res­ 2.9 Each hearing conducted by the com­ at its hearings. olution 335, 94th Congress. Such procedures mittee shall be open to the public except 4.4 If the committee determines that evi­ shall, however, insure access to this infor­ when the committee, in open• session with a dence or testimony at a hearing may tend to mation by any member of the committee quorum being present, determines by ·a roll­ defame, degrade, or incriminate any person, under such procedures as may be established call vote that all or part of the remainder by the committee. it shall: 6.3 Until such time as the committee has of that hearing on that day shall be closed a. receive such evidence or testimony in submitted its final report to the House, class­ to the public because disclosure of testimony, executive session, ified or other sensitive information in the evidence or other matters to be considered b. afford such person an opportunity vol­ committee records and files shall not be made would endanger the national security, indl- untarily to appear as a witness, and available or disclosed to other than the com- October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32491 mittee membership, the committee staff, or Angeles Times and the press release on tems at a limited number of stations (10 as provided by House Rule XI, Ola.use 2(e) the new vapor control regulations in the for Union, 20 for Mobil) and have those sys­ (2) except as ma.y be otherwise determined RECORD at this time: tems installed, tested, and certified within by the cha.irm'B.n in consultation with the six months. The same process is to be com­ ranking minority member. [From the Los Angeles Times, Oct. 2, 1975] pleted for the balance of the companies' sta­ SAN DIEGO COUNTY GETS TOUGH ON RULE 7. COMMITTEE REPORT tions by next June. ANTISMOG LAW The equipment "shall be other than a 7.1 If, a.t any time of approval of any report (By Dale Fetherling) vapor balance system," the board's ruling by the committee, a.ny member of the com­ reads. mittee gives notice of intention to file sup­ SAN DIEGO.-The nation's first and still toughest gasoline vapor-recovery law wa.s "The hearing board," said Board of Super­ plemental, minority, or additional views, that visors Chairman Dick Brown, "went through member shall be entitled to not less than 5 passed by Sa.n Diego County 3 Y2 years ago, touching off an epic tug-of-war. a long process of learning. They've been very calendar days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, fair but they've learned that the oil com­ and legal holidays) in which to file such Threats, delays, revisions, intense lobbying, lawsuits, investigations, and whole new tech­ panies aren't going to install (an effective views, in writing and signed by that mem­ system) unless forced. ber, with the staff director of the committee. nology have followed. So fa.r, though, rela­ All such views so filed by one or more mem­ tively few service stations c-0mply. "The oil companies have a.lwa.ys argued," bers of the committee shall be included with­ But now a. new battle line is being drawn­ Brown said, "that when technology becomes in, a.nd shall be a pa.rt of, the report filed by and with possible national implications. available, they'll be glad to put it in." A citizen-staffed hearing board, tiring of But Brown, a manufacturing engineer, says the committee with respect to that matter. he knows something about technologies and RULE 8. RULE CHANGES delays, has begun setting imminent dead­ lines for action by the major oil companies. has concluded-after initially favoring a de­ 8.1 These rules ma.y be a.mended or replaced The stage is set for the oil companies' reply, lay-"that we've got to force them to do it by the committee, provided that a notice in either through compliance or in the courts. or it will never happen." writing of the proposed change has been "What we have here," said one county The major oil companies "threatened given to each member at least 48 hours prior official, "is basically a. conservative set of originally that they would close all the service to the meeting at which action thereon is to businessmen (on the board) getting hard­ stations in San Diego County if we enforced be ta.ken. nosed a.shell." the law," Brown said, and Exxon "sitting here The boa.rd-consisting of two lawyers, a in my office, said, 'We don't give a damn what former stockbroker, a chemical engineer, a.nd your law is, we're not going to do Lt.'" THE PEOPLE VERSUS BIG OIL-A a physica.n-una.nimously told Union and Though less obstinate now, most of the CASE STUDY OF AN Affi POLLU­ Mobil oil companies to begin by mid October major firms have dragged their feet, Brown TION CONTROVERSY the process lea.ding to installation of a more said because "they have a common interest: costly but reportedly more effective vapor­ not to spend money." control system than the one the firms prefer. But Brown feels the $3 to $4 a year that The action marks the first time that strict will be passed onto the average motorists HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. compliance schedules have been imposed and is a highly cost-effective way to reduce this OF CALIFORNIA the first time the oil companies' favored source of air pollution. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "balanced system" has been expressly The supervisors, he said, stand fully behind prohibited. the hearing board's recent actions. Wednesday, October 8, 1975 Board Chairman Don Conner said, "As Most of the major oil companies, though, Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ boa.rd members, basically after hearing testi­ argue for the balance system. mony at great length, it is our belief that the That is basically a. dual set of pipes. As er, earlier this week Federal regulations gasoline is pumped into a car, the fuel dis­ were issued to control the release of air balance system ca.n never meet the San Diego County rules. places a roughly equal a.mount of vapor back pollution causing vapors from gasoline "Furthermore, the oil companies have had into the underground tank where it later pumps. These regulations are being pro­ a. great deal of time, a.nd they're going to have can be removed and recycled. mulgated in areas of severe air pollution, to get on with installing a. system that does The vacuum-assist systems on the other and are nearly identical to those now in meet the rules," Conner stated. hand, use a vacuum to draw up the vapors, existence in San Diego County, Calif. "I say as a. personal opinion that if they thus allowing less to escape. This is a sound approach to air pollu­ don't proceed along the lines we outlined, we The oil companies contend the balance sys­ tion control which attacks the problem would move more than likely revoke the tem is safer and more reliable, that the at iU; roots. (variance) action (that permitted delays) vacuum systems consume power and require and seek whatever fines might be involved." more maintenance. The increased cost of the Since several new cities will be in­ At issue are·hydroca.rbon vapors, 20 tons of vacuum system isn't justified by the few volved with these new regulations, the which escape dally from the county's 2,500 percentage points gained in recovery efficien­ San Diego County experience should be service stations and then become a major cy, they sa.y. of interest to Members of Congress. The component of smog. The APCD doubts if the balance system Los Angeles Times carried an article on Sa.n Diego County became a. pioneer in could meet the county's standard. But the the history of these regulations in its vapor recovery legislation when in January, oil companies contend the balance system has the potential for meeting any realistic October 2 edition, which I would like to 1972, it passed a.n ordinanc~ffective a. year share with other Members. later-requiring virtually all these vapors to rule 1f a leak-tight nozzle is developed. More be collected and then reprocessed. time is needed to develop that nozzle, they San Diego County appointed a citizen But controversy has dogged the effort, and argue. hearing board, consisting of two laWYers, sever:a.l times the Board of Supervisors­ Until then, the firms contend, they're being a former stockbroker, a chemical engi­ governing body of the Air Pollution Control asked to install imperfect technology of neer, and a physician, to review these District-delayed the effective date. great cost. (APCD estimates that installa­ regulations and the arguments against When the supervisors did hold fast, the tion and equipment will cost about $4,000 them. This rather conservative board issue was ta.ken on appeal to the hearing per service station for the balance system and unanimously decided that the delaying boa.rd la.st year. The board gave variances $7,000 for the vacuum system. But even some tactics of the major oil companies, who of a.bout a year to most of the major oil firms which have a.greed to install the vac­ firms. uum system place the cost at about $14,000 were trying to block enforcement, had to But those extensions of time are now per station, and estimates for outfitting all stop, and the law must be enforced. running out, and the hearing board appears the county's stations range as high as $16 The board decided that the public need intent on cracking down. milllon.) overrode the objections to the regula­ "It's been an interesting and really heart­ The vacuum system isn't free of problems, tions, and that the oil companies were warming experience" to watch the board's said Richard Sommerville, the county's as­ simply trying to prevent enforcement. evolution, said Robert W. Taylor, president sistant air pollution control officer. "But the Mr. Speaker, this situation is all too of Anaheim firm which manufactures vapor question is not ts there equipment off the typical in the field of environmental control systems. shelf that the oil companies can use. The "I've been in these political battles often question is: if there are problems, what are regulation. Because of the educational you doing, Mr. 011 Company, to solve those nature of the San Diego experience, I · and seen lots of wavering. But they've been real statesmen. They've been honest, they've problems?" would recommend this article to my col­ So far, he said, most of the major com­ leagues. I would especially recommend been open, they'd allowed extensions. But in panies have not ma.de diligent efforts to com­ the face of pressures, they're saying the law is ply, but there a.re exceptions. this article to those Members from the here and we're going to see that it's en­ cities of Baltimore, Boston, Denver, Los Shell has developed its own vacuum sys­ forced." tem, !or example, and intends to have it in­ Angeles, Newark, Sacramentct, and Mobil and Union had sought variances al­ stalled soon at a. pilot station. Within the Washington, D.C., since the new regula­ lowing delays as 'long a.s until April, 1977. obming year, Shell intends to have the sys­ tions go into effect there. Instead, the board gave them 30 days to tem operating at its other 127 stations in I include the article from the Los make application for perm.its to install sys- the county. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 Phillips and Gulf also are working on vac­ there is also a feeling that the latest turn a car tank being filled be.ck to the under­ uum systems of their own, Sommerville of events is not the final one. ground storage tank. The principle difference noted. Citing the oil companies' resources and 1s that for the balance system a tight­ The smaller, independent oil firms, he add­ the long battle up to this point, Y. C. Lee, a fltting nozzle will be needed, while the ed, "for the most part, are right out in front. manufacturer of vacuum systems in Hunt­ vacuum assist system adds a slight' suction The brunt of the technology-forcing situa­ ington Beach, said: "My intuition tells me which captures the vapors even when a tight tion has fallen on them, but they are in­ that this is not the end of the fight. fit cannot be obtained. stalling equipment and intend to comply." "They're not giving up at this moment," he Strelow emphasized the importance of a Ironically, Sommerville said, when the said, "but things are progressing in the right "certification program" being established to APCD first began pondering a vapor recov­ direction." prevent the installation of equipment which ery ordinance, it considered the balance sys­ fails to meet the EPA standards. According tem. But the oil companies said "there's no EPA To REQUIRE POLLUTION CONTROLS AT to Strelow, "This will benefit air quality by way you can get the balance system to work" GASOLINE STATIONS IN EIGHT MAJOR CITIES showing each control system's actual capa­ because of the problem of poor nozzle fit. Pollution control at the gasoline pump bility, and will benefit service station owners So, APCD opted for standards which, in will be required by the Environmental Pro­ by assuring them that they are buying legally effect, require the vacuum system. tection Agency in eight major cities to help acceptable vapor recovery equipment." Stre­ "All of a sudden, the oil companies favor reduce the nation's widespread smog prob­ low said he expects that vacuum assist equip­ the balance system. "Perhaps," Sommerville lem, EPA Assistant Administrator for Air ment wm be used to meet the Agency's basic joked, "we ought to think of some ultimate and Waste Management, Roger Strelow, an­ 90 percent recovery standard. control, then come back to the vacuum sys­ nounced today in San Diego, California. At the same time, Strelow announced an tem" as a. compromise. The eight affected cities are Baltimore, 80 percent recovery standard for service sta­ But providing there are no further court Boston, Denver, Los Angeles, Newark, Sac­ tions pumping less than 30,000 gallons per battles, compliance in San Diego County is ramento, California's San Joaquin Valley, month, and exemptions for the very small achievable by the end of the 1976, Sommer­ and Washington, D.C. Compliance will begin stations pumping under 10,000 gallons per ville said. in late 1976 and be completed by mid-1977. month. This last group causes only 9 percent (Los Angeles County is requiring a some­ San Diego and San Francisco already have of the vapor emissions from vehicle fueling, what less stringent 90 % recovery and cur­ while accounting for nearly half of the total Federally-approved ~egulations of their own, rently has a compliance deadline of next and local programs are being prepared in number of stations. Exempting these small June 1. Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardi­ New Mexico, southern California, Colorado, stations will enable EPA to concentrate its no counties have a similar recovery rule and Massa.chusetts, and Washington, D.C. Re­ resources on the other 91 percent of the roughly the same deadlines.) quirements for some cities in Texas will be problem. The exemption for the small sta­ How will the major oil firms respond to the announced shortly. tions also mitigates the economic impact. San Diego County hearing board's ruling? Service stations will require new equip­ Strelow said he assumed that the oil industry No one knows yet, but many feel there's a. ment to comply with the EPA regulations, would try to improve its balance system to better than even chance the companies will which sharply limit the amount of gasoline meet the 80 percent standards at inter­ take the county to court over the issue. . vapors currently released into the air when mediate-sized stations. "If this proves im­ One oil company, Atlantic Richfield, did automobiles and other vehicles are refueled. possible," he said, "EPA would expect to that at another juncture about a year ago. Strelow said that the Agency is seriously require 90 percent control at these stations Arco won a preliminary injunction against considering eventual expansion of the re­ as well, since the vacuum assist technology further enforcement against it, at least until quirements to the many other areas of the would be needed anyway." the suit is settled. nation also afflicted with serious smog con­ Regardless of size, all new or renovated In the case, which goes to trial Oct. 28, ditions. stations, where work begins after Septem­ Arco challenges the constitutionality of the "Smog is a public health problem," Stre­ ber 1, 1976, will have to meet the stringent San Diego law, its reasonableness, and the low said, "and service station vapor losses 90 percent standard. APCD's authority. (The requirement in the account for a substantial and increasing "The cost of complying with EPA's regula­ original law to collect "all" the vapors since portion of the hydrocarbon emissions that tions may result in a slight rise in the cost has been amended to mean recovery of all the cause smog." Smog or photochemical oxi­ of gasoline in 1977," Strelow said. "The im­ v.apors technically feasible, and a test has dant, causes acute respiratory problems, ag­ pact on the motorist will be minimal, less been devised for gauging this.) gravation of heart disease, shortness of than one-half cent per gallon, while the A ruling adverse to the county in the Arco breath, eye irritation, and other physical dis­ benefit to the air we breathe will be case could change the whole picture. coinforts. significant." But for now, the oil company lawyers, in­ Besides having health protection benefits, Approximately 37,000 service stations and cluding private counsel from prestigious Los Strelow said, the regulations wm conserve fleet vehicle stations will be required to Angeles law firms, trek to the hearing room an appreciable amount of gasoline now lost install the equipment in the eight cities. on the third floor of San Diego's Spanish­ to the atmosphere by evaporation. About Costs for a six pump station selling 30,000 style county administration building. nine mil11on gallons per year should be re­ gallons a month are estimated at about The hearing board's proceedings are long, covered in the eight metropolitan areas cov­ $5,200 for a balance system and about $7,700 tedious, and contentious. In a recent meet­ ered by today's announcement. for a vacuum assist system, according to ing, for example, Exxon, which is seeking an "If left uncontrolled, gasoline marketing Strelow. He compared this to the $3,500 cost extension of time, presented a former deputy emissions (including those from terminal for a 25 foot tall identiflcation sign, erected Los Angeles fl.re chief who suggested the operations and the filling of service station over many service stations. vacuum system's safety is subject to ques­ storage tanks, which EPA is already regu­ Persons interested in commenting on the tion. The APCD, though in seeking to rebut lating) could rise from roughly 6 percent vapor control proposals should submit re­ the hours-long testimony, produced a San of hydrocarbon emissions to as much as 30 marks to the Environmental Protection Diego deputy fire marshal who contended the percent by 1985," Strelow said. "Eventually, Agency, Office of Air Programs (AW-443), balance system actually may increase the as auto exhaust becomes cleaner, gasoline 401 M StrePt, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20460. fire hazard at service stations. vapor emissions without vapor recovery Comments must be postmarked not later "The oil companies' primary fear, in my would be two to four times greater than the than 45 days after publication of the pro­ opinion," said Supervisor Brown, "is that if hydrocarbon emissions coming from auto­ posals in the Federal Register, expected to (vapor recovery) is successful here, it will mobile tailpipes." occur later this week. be required in every air basin in the nation." Strelow announced EPA's regulations in Indeed, the state Air Resource Board and San Diego because of that county's leader­ the federal Environmental Protection Agency ship in requiring the use of advanced vapor are moving toward vapor recovery rules of recovery technology. "The County has pro­ GRAND JURIES: THE AMERICAN their own. vided an example of local initiative in pollu­ INQUISITION Some county officials think the oil com­ tion control for the rest of the nation," he panies will be faced with a choice of strate­ said. gies. They could switch to the broader battle­ Over the past year EPA has tested both field of state and national regulations, or re­ the "balance" system favored by most of HON. HENRY HELSTOS'KI double their legal efforts in San Diego, thus the oil industry and the "vacuum assist" OF NEW JERSEY hoping to win an invalidation which would system developed primarily by independent !N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manufacturers. That testing, Strelow said, forestall such measures elsewhere. Wednesday, October 8, 1975 Or, anticipating the EPA and ARB rules, indicates that the less expensive balance they could go ahead with maximum effort to system does not achieve 90 percent control Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, as a develop effective vacuum systems and emerge of vapors as initially claimed by its pro­ cosponsor and strong supporter of H.R. well prepared. ponents, but instead appears to achieve 2986, the Grand Jury Reform Act of 1975, In any case, the hearing board's recent ac­ about 65 percent to 75 percent control. tions may bring the crisis point closer. Strelow said that vacuum assist equipment I would like to bring to the attention of Among government officials here there is gets 90 percent to 95 percent control. the House an informative article on pride that a firm line is being drawn by the Both systems consist of special pump grand jury abuse authored by my dis­ hearing board. But among many observers nozzles and hoses to return vapors from tinguished colleague from Michigan, October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32400 JOHN CONYERS. Congressman CONYERS FALSE IMMUNITY prosecutor attacks on and harassments of has written a concise and knowledgeable Another crucial Fifth Amendment protec­ witnesses excluded from the record. account detailing the subversion of the tion has faced steady erosion along with the To cite but one illustration of common grand jury itself. Late in the 19th Century practice, one woman spent seven months in original protective and investigatory Federal immunity laws ca.me into fashion. prison for refusing to answer questions functions which grand juries were con­ The basic concept in such a. law ls that the "I want you to tell the grand jury what stitutionally delegated to play. Mr. CON­ Fifth Amendment right against self-in­ period of time during the yea.rs 1969 and YERS' article, which also notes the ero­ crimination ceases to apply if one ls pro­ 1970 you resided at 2201 Ocean Front Walk sion of the constitutional rights of those tected by immunity from prosecution­ Venice [Los Angeles], who resided there at called to testify before Federal grand thereby stripped of the right to remain silent. the time you lived there, identifying all per­ A "narrow" immunity law that allowed for sons you have seen in or a.bout the prexnises juries, appears in the August-September prosecution under some circumstances even of that address, and tell the grand jury all of issue of Ramparts magazine. after one was compelled to testify was ruled the conversations that were held by you or [From Ramparts, August-September 1975) unconstitutional in 1892. But in 1896 a others in your presence during the time that GRAND JURIES: THE AMERICAN INQUISITION broader (transactional) immunity law was you were at that address." After spending seven months in prison the (By JOHN CONYERS, Jr.) narrowly upheld for the first time over the vigorous dissents of judges who foresaw the witness in question was released because the As the dust has settled from Watergate, implications of limiting the Fifth Amend­ grand jury had expired. She was subpoenaed, it has become clear that the work of Nixon ment. Arguing that the Fifth Amendment and the process began again. and his men has not been undone. One of was meant to protect against more than pro­ Ea.ch of the many ISD grand juries had its the most shocking chapters in the history secution, a. District Court Judge warned that own specla.l a.buses. Sometimes they were of the Nixon years must be the Justice De­ "if the immunity was only against the la.w­ called to interfere with particular political partment's Internal Security Division (ISD) in:flicted pains and penalties, the government actions, like VV AW demonstrations in Mia.mi war on dissent, waged under the leadership could probe the secrets of every conversation, at the 1972 Republican National Convention. of now convicted Watergate felons John or society, by extending compulsory pardon Sometimes they were used illegally to gather Mitchell and Robert Mardian. Mitchell and to one of its participants, and thus turn him . evidence for the trial of an already returned Mardian are gone. But their favored weapon into an involuntary informer." indictment. Sometimes they were used purely remains dangerously inta.ct: the grand jury Congress continued to enact various im­ to punish or harass particular political turned into a devastating instrument of re­ munity statutes, but not until 1954 was an groupings or individuals of whom the NiXon pression. Decades of neglect of the grand jury immunity statute passed that applied to Administration did not approve. system and the authoritarian Organized criminal law and to grand jury and criminal Individuals who exercised their right not Crime Control Act of 1970, passed overwhelm­ court proceedings. Some warned of the great to talk to FBI agents often found themselves ingly by Congress, have given the Depart­ dangers in the legislation, but Senator Mc­ in a situation in which they had no right to ment of Justice awesome powers, the dimen­ Carran's argument that it would go "a. long talk-immunized before a. Federal grand sions and implications of which have still not way ... to help expose the Communist con­ jury. Because the grand jury in one place generally been understood. Use of the grand spiracy in this country" was at least one could be interlocking with other investiga­ jury as a weapon of harassment and repres­ factor in its passage. tions, it was easy to channel and launder sion-described by Sena.tor Edward Kennedy Even before Nixon ascended to the Presi­ the fruits of illegal electronic surveillance as "a dangerous modern form of Star Cham­ dency, federal prosecutors had already per­ and to maximize the hardship and isolation ber secret inquisition"-ha.s not been dimin­ verted immunity from a tool to get testimony that a. witness would undergo. It was hard ished by Watergate. The bitter irony and into a weapon for punishment. In 1965, for for the government to lose. It could intimi­ profound danger presented by the destruc­ example, an alleged mobster was set up for date opponents, or get desired intelligence contempt and jailed because the government, data.. It could gather information for an ex­ tion of the Fifth Amendment right against isting prosecution, or jail recalcitrant wit­ self-incrimination, and the warping of the lacking enough evidence to indict him, gave him immunity in the knowledge he would nesses without prosecution. It could actually grand jury from a protective body into its indict individuals or utilize the grand jury very opposite, have been burled only tem­ refuse to testify. With this precedent no doubt in mind, and process to help track down individuals al­ porarily amidst the pomp and self-congratu­ ready indicted. latory smugness over the Watergate grand the nation deeply troubled about organized jury and the bringing of the Nixon gang to crime, the Nixon Adxninistra.tion extracted THE PATTERN RENEWED justice. And although the current and future from a. cooperative Congress a. drastic piece of The ISD campaign faded as the political administrations may find the Nixon act a legislation, which was opposed by only a. crisis of Watergate grew. Criticism of ISD in hard one to follow, it is clear that the power small number of us in either House. The Or­ part led to its incorporation into the Crimi­ ganized Crime Control Act of 1970 authorized nal Division. But neither Watergate nor the of grand jury inquisition and harassment "use" immunity, which had been held un­ is being used freely by the government once change in leadership in the Department of constitutional since 1892. Receiving Supreme Justice altered the mechanisms or the legal again. Court approval the following year, this pro­ The Nixon Department of Justice inherited tools rtha. t permitted· the use of the grand vision allowed the government to compel a jury for political purposes. a grand jury sy:::;tem which had already lost witness to testify and then stlll prosecute much of its original character. Intended to There have been disturbing signs that the that person for the very things the forced Department of Justice intends to use the be an independent citizens' body that would testimony was a.bout. The Act also allowed protect the innocent from unjustifiable or grand jury much the same way it has been the government to convene Special Grand shamefully misused in the past. The Gov­ repressJ:ve prosecution, the grand jury was Juries at will anywhere in the country, re­ included in the Fifth Amendment by the ernment has been searching for Susan Saxe moved discretion from District Court Judges (captured in March) and Katherine Ann framers of the Bill of Rights. It was meant as to whether or not an immunity order to be independent, even mistrustful, of the Power in connection with a. Boston Bank rob­ should be signed, and allowed for immunity bery and shooting death in 1970. Since March prosecutor. But over the years the grand jury to be ordered in virtually unrestricted cir­ 8, four young people have been in prison in was increasingly cast in the role of a weapon cuxnsta.nces (though it had been unavailable Lexington, Kentucky for refusing to testify in the war on crime-a citizen's body work­ in criminal law only 17 years earlier.) before a specially-called grand jury; several ing hand in hand with the prosecutor. The MOUNTING A CAMPAIGN more may be in prison in Connecticut in the rigid standard of independence had evapo­ The Internal Security Division then went same matter. In New Haven, two women, rated, and few observers would quarrel with to work. During the next three yea.rs it ran jailed for three weeks, were immediately the assertion that the grand jury had become more than 100 grand juries in over 80 cities, subpoenaed to a. new grand jury upon their a passive institution, in most cases doing subpoenaing as many as 2000 witnesses, forc­ April 1 release. They face a possible addition­ whatever the prosecutor directed. ing immunity on many who declined to tes­ al 18 months confinement. They appear to Yet grand jury procedure and structure are tify. The ISD was able to convene an investi­ have been subpoenaed in the first place be­ stlll predicated on the grand jury ful:fllllng gation in virtually any district, and require cause they exercised their right not to talk. independent, protective functions. Secrecy of witnesses from anywhere in the country to The Government of course has a respon­ proceedings was meant to protect a person appear with little or no notice, and without sibility for apprehending law breakers but falsely accused or called as a. witness. Wide counsel present. it has no responsibility to use the grand jury latitude in questioning would be permissible A witness often was not told the nature of as a. dragnet to force citizens to talk to the without presence of counsel since the grand the investigation and could be forced to an­ FBI. Nor does it have the responsib11ity to jury was protecting the individual, rather swer literally any question about political harass women in the communities of New Haven and Lexington, as it seems to have than functioning as part of the prosecutorial ideas and associations, about conversations done. apparatus. After all, what regulation by the and activities of oneself, friends, neighbors, Immunity grants and the grand jury proc­ courts or by the Congress would be necessary relatives, a.bout news sources-a.bout any­ ess are not intended to be weapons for pun­ for a. people's panel vigorously protecting the thing, or face up to 18 months in prison ishment or even for tracking down fugitives. innocent? without trial. Government attorneys were They can be effective in creating a. climate of Long before 1970, all that was left of inde­ free t.o say anything they chose t.o the grand fear, and this ls wha.t the Department of pendence and protection was the rhetoric, jury, to threaten Witnesses with the loss ot Justice apparently intends. along with a dangerously unregulated grand their children, to read the Espionage Act to These cases and others, including recur­ jury process. already frightened witnesses, and to have rent attempts to harass the "underground" 3249~ EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 press, make it clear that we cannot rely pure­ In his letter Dr. Cooper points out that advantageous trade for some time. If the ly on the good faith of those in power not DDT is no longer considered useful for United States is to maintain its economy to abuse the grand jury process. Particularly in disturbing, in this context, is the call by the controlling the mosquitoes involved in a strong manner and eliminate some Justice Department for a. dangerous Consti­ transmitting St. Louis and Western en­ of the existing problems, then it is nec­ tutional amendment that not only would cephalitis this summer but that it is essary that the United States keep its tamper with the Bill of Rights, but would available where needed. balance of payments in a positive flow. give prosecutors even greater freedom to mis­ Perhaps his most significant assertion Agricultural exports from the United use grand juries. The proposals, issued la.st is that DDT is not very effective against States help maintain the positive balance September would, if enacted, allow the pros­ the relevant mosquitoes, since they built of payments. ecutor to use or bypass the grand jury proc­ up substantial resistance to the chemi­ Almonds are one of the principal crops ess for indictment, as he or she sees fit. The Department claims that the only rea­ cal long ago. Dr. Cooper points out·that- of my district in California. This is par­ son to have the grand jury is as an investi­ Resistance to DDT in the two culex mos­ ticularly important since California pro­ gative tool for the government. Failing to quito species recently involved in encepha­ duces 100 percent of the almonds grown recognize any current misuse of the grand litis transmission be~an a.ppea.ring in 1951. in the United States and approximately jury, the Department even states that it Since 1962 relatively little DDT has been used one-half of the world's supply. It is also "does not anticipate any substantial risk of in culex mosquito control efforts in this important because almonds are currently abuse if discretion is granted to permit country. the largest earner of foreign exchange of prosecutors to make a sensible use of the Dr. Cooper's letter explains how other all fruits and vegetables whether fresh grand jury." pesticides have been found to have or processed. STOPPING IT NOW greater efficacy than DDT and related In the last several years, a great deal Many members of Congress have come to chemicals. Following, for the benefit of of interest and publicity has resulted the conclusion that there will be no "sensi­ from doing business with the Soviet ble" use of the grand jury until major legisla­ my colleagues, is the complete text of his tion is passed to reform and revitalize this letter: Union. I am particularly proud that al­ once cherished institution. Twenty-four of DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCA­ mond growers in my district have been my colleagues have joined me in co-sponsor­ TION, AND WELFARE, OFFICE OF 1exporting almonds to the Soviet Union ing H.R. 2986, the Grand Jury Reform Act of THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR since 1968. This was long before many 1975. HEALTH, other commodity groups realized the H.R. 2986 would introduce rudimentary Washington, D.C. value of trade with the Soviets. It is fair protections and rights into the grand jury Hon. THOMAS E. FOLEY, to report that the California Almond process, including the right to counsel for Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, House Growers Exchange was the pioneer in witnesses, minimum notice for subpoena., the of Representatives, Washington, D.C. requirement that a. complete transcript be DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: In connection with this area. It is believed that almonds kept and made available to the witness. A this summer's outbreaks of St. Louis and were the first agricultural commodity witness would have to be told what the in­ Western Encephalitis, I have had occasion sold to the Soviets for dollars in recent vestigation is a.bout and could refuse to an­ to note expressions of concern that DDT was years. swer questions violating Constitutional pro­ not used for mosquito control in checking The business the Soviets have pro· tections. these outbreaks. vided growers in my district is particu­ Prosecutors would be restricted in their Because your Committee has interests larly appreciated. It has been a good, ability to switch grand juries in the middle which touch upon this issue, I thought it of an investigation. They would have the would be helpful for me to tell you of the steady, growing, business and is expected burden of proof that they a.re not using the techniques we a.re using in our efforts to to continue to grow. It provides nutri­ grand jury to gather evidence for an already control the current outbreaks of encephali­ tious almonds, high in protein, to the returned indictment; would have to present tis. Soviet people. It provides a continued ba· any exculpatory evidence they have to the Mosquito control technology has shifted sis for mutually advantageous trade be­ grand jury; and could not force immunity away from the use of DDT, a. compound tween the two countries. It provides for­ on a. reluctant witness-such a "grant" to be which was employed extensively in the past eign exchange earnings for the United permitted only with the consent of the wit­ as a mosquito larvicide and a thermal "fog" States which are needed to offset imports ness and the grand jury. to klll adult mosquitoes. In the 1940s and The legislation also would take important 1950s mosquito resistance to DDT began to of other items in which we are in short steps to restore the independence of the appear in the United States and throughout supply. grand jury from the prosecutor. The judge the world. Resistance to DDT in the two It is important to note that the So­ would be required to charge the grand jury Culex mosquito species recently involved in viets ha.ve been good, steady almond cus­ adequately. Any citizen would have the right encephalitis transmission began appearing tomers who honor their commitments. to bring a case to the grand jury (screened in 1951. Since 1962 relatively little DDT has While there have been various disagree­ by the Court). The jury would have the power been used in Culex mosquito control efforts ments on trade matters in recent years, to vote on immunity grants, contempt hear­ in this country. the Soviets have not allowed this to in­ ing requests and subpoenas {this last power Although DDT is still available for use in being one it already is supposed to have) , public health emergencies, there are newer terfere with their good business relation­ and could engage in independent inquiry and more effective insecticides e.nd tech­ ship in California. It ls anticipated that into crimes by government officials with inde­ niques. The best available technique for con­ this will continue to serve as a shining pendent court-appointed counsel. trolling adult mosquitoes in an encephalitis example of the benefits of maintaining a The grand jury is a people's institution epidemic is aerial or ground ultra.low-volume steady business relationship with the So­ that has been taken a.way and used to sub­ application of insecticides such as 95% viets. It is my understanding that they vert the very rights it was intended to pro­ malathion or 85% haled with special equip­ tect. While it may be difficult to realize the have purchased almonds from this year's ment which is designed to break down these I goal of completely returning the grand jury insecticides into micron sized droplets. Be­ crop and look forward to the next pur­ to its original role as a shield for the inno­ cause DDT is a solid crystalline ohemical, It chase this fall. cent, we must at least recast the law to insure cannot be used in this type of application that the repugnant inquisitions of recent equipment. years are brought permanently to an end. Sincerely yours, THEODORE COOPER, M.D., ODDS "N" ENDS Assistant Secretary for Health. DDT NO LONGER CONSIDERED USE­ FUL AGAINST MOSQUITOES HON. FLOYD SPENCE THE BENEFITS OF AMERICAN OF SOUTH CAROLINA HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER ALMOND EXPORTS TO THE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW YORK SOVIET UNION Wednesday, October 8, 1975 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA'TIVES Mr. SPENCE. Mr. Speaker, when an Wednesday, October 8, 1975 HON. JOHN J. McFALL individual applies a great deal of time Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I re­ OF CALIFORNIA and initiative toward solving our energy ceived today a copy of an October 7 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES problems, he performs a public service which is worthy of some note. When that letter from Theodore Cooper, M.D., who Wednesday, October 8, 1975 is the Assistant Secretary for Health same individual comes up with a formula at HEW, to Chairman FOLEY of the Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker, as my col­ which proves to be both practical and House Agriculture Committee. leagues know, I have supported mutually workable, and which can be demon- October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32495 strated to result in a savings of 3 tons of constituents, and a personal friend, Mr. Inside Story," as the magazine titled its coal in only 9 months, it is necessary for Phil C. Vannais of Waterbury, Conn., exclusive. Government leaders to find out how he has been so honored. On October 3, in The magazine reported details of Hearst's Me­ decision to join up with her kidnapers, told did it. conjunction with the Liberty Ship how sports activist Jack Scott chauffeured Mr. James E. Hall of Cayce, S.C., morial program designed to recognize her a.cross the country twice and detailed is such an individual. "Pete" Hall the contribution of these fleets and their the summer in Pennsylvania where the Sym­ is a good friend of mine, as well as crews whose efforts were essential to the bionese Liberation Army's cobra. kids cooled a constituent, so I am especially proud success of our World War II effort, Mr. their rhetoric to make time for skinny of his ingenuity. What Pete has done is Vannais and two other gentlemen were dipping. to show how the average American fam­ presented with the brass nameplate from Although Rolling Stone is refusing to dis­ ily can cut his utility bill by 50 percent. the Daniel Huger, one of the last of these close how it got the story, other sources close to "The Inside Story" have confirmed Having saved 25,874 kilowatt hours of historical vessels to be scrapped. speculation that virtually the entire account electricity in 9 months, Pete Hall has Mr. Vannais was awarded this distinc­ was based on the information Scott supplied proved that it can be done. tion in recognition of his bravery in pre­ the two writers la.st summer. At the time, a.11 I have brought Mr. Hall's efforts to venting the vessel's destruction. On three were collaborating on a. book proposal. the attention of the appropriate Federal May 9, 1943, the Daniel Huger was The project began la.st April when Scott agencies, Mr. Speaker, but I thought heavily attacked by German bombers at surfaced after six weeks underground. Fol­ that my colleagues might also be inter­ Bone, Algeria, while discharging a cargo lowing a. press conference, he met with Kohn, ested in knowing about his booklet. The Weir and two other writers a.t the home of of gasoline and other supplies for the his San Francisco attorney, Micha.el Kennedy. booklet offered by Mr. Hall as a result of Allied forces in North Africa. The lawyer had also represented Weir's his experiments, entitled "You Too Can Two of her crew were killed by shrap­ short-lived radical magazine, "Sundance." Cut Your Electric Bill 50 Percent,'' is nel and a furious fire developed in the Kohn, whose Detroit Free Press expose of briefly described in an article which ap­ open cargo hold. Mr. Vannais and his links between police and dope dealers led to peared in the State newspaper recently. colleagues, who were still undergrad­ a major shakeup of the city's police depart­ I insert the article by Bill McDonald, uates and were making the voyage as ment through Weir. from the State newspaper, at this point part of their King's Point Merchant At the meeting, Scott fed all writers pres­ in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. ent inside details of his time underground. Marine Academy officer training, volun­ Unable to freelance the story themselves, ODDS "N" ENDS tarily went below, at extreme risk of in­ they gave the details to another magazine (By Bill McDonald) jury or death, in the nightlong effort to writer and received $100. Then Scott went o1f Pete Hall is one of a. kind. He's the only extinguish the flames. They were ulti­ to make the rounds of the network talk guy in town who's done something a.bout his mately successful, and for their bravery, shows. utlllty bill. More power to him. Mr. Vannais and five others were sub­ When he returned to San Francisco in The rest of us have acted a.s if we've got sequently awarded the Merchant Marine June, Scott, himself a. sports author, called thumbs plugged into 220 volt outlets. Distinguished Service Medal, the Na­ the two writers and asked if they would Hall has actually cut his electric blll by 58 collaborate with him on a. book a.bout the per cent in the la.st 10 months. That's a. tion's highest civilian maritime decora­ Hearst case. high of $117.81 on his September, 1974 bill, tion. Scott, who originally had hooked up with a. low of $35 this pa.st December. Now the While World War II is 30 years behind the SLA hoping to gather details for a. book, monthly electric bllls average $49.02. us, her legacy of liberty and the dignity realized by this time that putting his name Hall, owner of Cayce TV & Applla.nces, of mankind have not been diluted by on the project might open him to charges didn't do it with mirrors. He put himself, his time. Mr. Vannais and countless others of harboring a fugitive. So he proposed feed­ wife and six-year-old boy through aggrava­ who lived, or died, through World War ing the information to Kohn and Weir, who tion. Small things, see, like cutting family II, gave us all a secure future for America, would publish the account under their by­ showers from ten to five minutes; running line and split the money with him 50-50. the hot water heater only two hours a day; and no honor can be too great. Scott chose Kohn and Weir because he fixing lea.king faucets immediately, etc. trusted them politically and was confident It can ca.use some ha.rd feelings in your they would be willing to go to ja.11 rather family before you become adjusted to it," than disclose their sources to any grand states Ha.11 in what has to be the under­ JACK SCOTT: RADICAL FOR PROFIT juries. So they took the idea. to Micha.el statement of the year. (Who wants to use Kennedy, who a.greed to become their literary someone else's dirty bathwater?) agent. The attorney called his friend John Pete Hall has documented all the details Simon, an editor a.t McGraw-Hill in New in a. readable little $3 booklet--"You Too! HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK York. Simon flew out promptly and by the Can Cut Your Electric Bill 50%"-and while OF OHIO time he arrived Scott and his ghost-writers we don't intend the mention here a.s a. plug, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES h&d a six-page proposal ready to show him. we do feel strongly a.s if power conservation The outline, based on several days of inter­ these days is tantamount to patriotism. Wednesday, October 8, 1975 views with Scott, seemed promising. Ken­ "The way I calculate it," says Hall, "I have Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, in the nedy indicated that $100,000 might be area­ saved three tons of coal or 25.874 kilowa..tt sonable advance. But Scott wasn't satisfied. hours of electricity in the la.st nine months. Washington Star today we find a most He entered the negotiations personally, tell­ Think what would happen if you multiply interesting revelation. The so-called rad­ ing the New York editor he wanted $100,000 that by the 72 million homes in America." ical Jack Scott turns out to be a radical !or hard-cover rights and $200,000 for the for profit. As we read how he negotiated paperback. for selling his memoirs or whatever he Kennedy was dismayed at SCott's effort would call his erstwhile activities, he to pump McGraw-Hill for a. $300,000 advance. If "Look," he told his star-struck client, "1! PHIL C. VANNAIS HONORED FOR kept jacking up the price. he really you want me to be the agent, then let me BRAVERY had Patty Hearst under his wing why negotiate the deal." Scott agreed to back not fly with the expensive eagles and off. But not long after Simon returned to cash in on his insincere radicalism. headquarters and conferred With his supe­ HON. RONALD A. SARASIN When I watched him on TV a few riors. Scott called the editor from the Port­ OF CONNECTICUT months ago ranting and raving against land, Ore., home of his friend, Bill Walton. the FBI and the unjust system, I had Scott, who had been living with the bas­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ketball star o1f and on over the pa.st year, Wednesday, October 8, 1975 him pegged as a faker. Like Judas, his ran up his host's long-distance bill a.s he price is not cheap. The article fallows: told Simon perhaps the best bet would be Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, the pages (From the Washington Star, Oct. 8, 1975) to put together a. $1 m111ion deal that in­ of history would be incomplete were it ScoTr'S ROLE LED TO DISCLOSURES cluded movie rights. not for the tales of men and women (By Roger Rapoport) By now Simon was getting a little tired of whose acts of valor and self-sacrifice in­ Scott's demands, so Scott called Kennedy sured the perpetuation of freedom, not SAN FRANcrsco.-It's been slightly over a and suggested a. literary auction. Kennedy week since Patty Hearst ma.de the cover of bawled his client out again, reminding him only for America but throughout the Rolling Stone. world. World War II witnessed such that a key reason for choosing Simon had And while the cover story's authors, How­ been that he would protect Scott's con­ deeds of bravery, many of which are ard Kohn and David Weir, are busy writing fidentiality. A literary auction was craziness. still being acknowledged today. pa.rt two, Hearst case buffs a.re wondering Why, everyone then would know who was I am certainly proud that one of my where these 28-year-old reporters got "The behind the book. CXXI--2047-Pa.rt 25 ~496 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 When McGraw-Hill dropped out, Scott EPA SHOULD MAINTAIN DISCRE­ approved for registration over objections of suggested to Kohn and Weir that they should TION OVER PESTICIDES the Department of Health, Education, and all retain literary agent David Obst, whose Welfare as to their safety without com­ clients include John Dean and many other pliance with required procedures for resol~­ writers on both sides of the Watergate scan­ ing such safety questions. dals. HON. PETER A. PEYSER The subcommittee investigation disclosed But the two writers had another idea. Why OF NEW YORK that HEW objected to proposed registrations for more than 1,600 pesticide products dur­ not publish the story first in a magazine? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Then book offers were sure to come pouring ing the 5-year period ending June 30, 1969. tn. By this time, Kohn had become an asso­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 Many, if not most, of these products were ciate editor at Rolling Stone, where there registered for uses to which HEW had ob­ was considerable interest in Scott's story. Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, I would jected. The exact number is not known be­ Scott saw merit in their suggestion and like to set straight the record on a mat­ cause PRD does not keep records of products 1n late July offered to sell his information ter that was discussed on Friday, Octo­ registered over HEW objections and has for $7,500. Rolling Stone Editor Jann Wen­ ber 3, during the debate on H.R. 8841, a failed or even refused to inform HEW of ac­ ner authorized Kohn and Weir to meet the bill to extend the Federal Insecticide, tion taken with respect to its objecti'Ons. price. But on the day the deal wa.s to go Fungicide and Rodenticide Act-FIFRA. The subcommittee investigation disclosed through, Scot was subpoenaed by a Harris­ I made the point that the Department of that PRD was, in effect, demanding that burg, Pa., grand jury eager to hear his story. Agriculture did virtually nothing year HEW supply scientific proof of hazard to They only offered to pay expenses. support its objections, rather than asking The subpoena made it impossible for Scott after year to remove hazardous products the would-be registrant to resolve any doubt to take Rolling Stone's money and main­ from the market when it had the author­ by providing adequate evidence of the prod­ tain his cover, since that would complicate ity to do so. One of my colleagues called uct's safety. his legal difficulties in refusing to talk to this an unfair allegation, since the De­ Although a 1964 interdepartmental agree­ the grand jury. But stlll cooperating with partment had no authority to ban pesti­ ment requires that unresolved HEW objec­ Kohn and Weir, he invited them along to cides until 1972. tions be referred to the Secretary of Agricul­ Pennsylvania in August so they could watch That is not true. The Department had ture for determination before a registration him refuse to talk. is approved, not one of the more than 1,600 During one lull in the proceedings, he took cancellation authority from the time the HEW objections was so referred. A task force the two writers out to the f·armhouse where original FIFRA Act was passed in 1947 to headed by the present PRD Director noted in he had allegedly hidden the SLA the previous 1970 when authority over pesticides reg­ a 1965 report that PRD was not complying summer. They arrived to find the old hideout ulation was transferred to the Environ­ with the agreement, but no action was taken occupied by a group of hippies. Scott walked mental Protection Agency. I would like to to correct the matter. to the door expecting to be received like the insert the "Findings and Conclusions" of 3. The Pesticides Regulation Division has celebrity he had become. But he was crest­ the Committee on Government Opera­ approved pesticide products for uses which f,allen when none of the new tenants recog­ tions report on "Deficiencies in Admin­ it knew or should have known were practi­ nized him. cally certain to result in illegal adulteration During all this time Scott continued feed­ istration of FIFRA-House Report 91- of food. ing details to the two writers. He encouraged 637" which shows the gross delinquency The subcommittee investigation disclosed them to publish the article but suggested of the Department in protecting public that PRD has registered or reregis·tered prod­ they get clearance from his new lawyer, health from harmful effects of pesticides. ucts such as lindane vaporizers or DDVP William Kunstler. The radical attorney The material follows: strips for use in restaurants or other food­ agreed the story was a good idea at first. But FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS handling establishments despite evidence that such uses would leave residues on food then Scott began learning from his friends 'i. Until mid-1967, the USDA Pesticide Reg­ that his public criticism of some SLA activ­ and despite the fact that other Federal agen­ ulation Division failed almost completely to cies refused to permit use of the products in ities and his decision to meet with Randolph carry out its responsibility to enforce pro­ food-handling establishments. Hearst was hurting his image. · visions of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Pesticide residues on food in interstate To remedy this, he gave self-serving inter­ and Rodenticide Act intended to protect the commerce constitute adulteration, unless a views to writers from Newsweek, Esquire, and public from hazardous and ineffective pesti­ tolerance has been issued for such residues The New York Times. In one of the articles cide products being marketed in violation of by the Food and Drug Administrat ion. In that subsequently appeared, Scott called the act. the above instances, no such tolerances had himself a "human Switzerland," determined Prior to mid-1967, no effort was made to been issued or even applied for. Moreover, to offer his neutral services wherever they systematically remove potentially hazardous or ineffective products from the market; in­ FDA's authority to issue a tolerance for addi­ were req-µired . tion of a pesticide to prepared food in res tau - By now, Scott had decided that the Rolling stead, only the amount of illegal product found at the single location where a violative rants ls questionable. Stone article would not be in his best in­ sample had been obtained was seized. · 4. The Pesticides Regulation Division has terest. He explained his view to Kunstler, who Not a single criminal prosecution had been failed to take adequate precautions to insure joined him in discouraging the writers from initiated for more than 10 years prior to that pesticide product labels approved for publishing what tl;l.ey knew. But they moved mid-1967, despite evidence of repeated viola­ registration clearly warn users against pos­ ahead, being careful to limit descriptions so tions by some shippers. sible hazards associated with such products. there was no way anything they wrote could Notices of judgments obtained in seizure Examination of a relatively small number possibly lead to Patty Hearst's capture. actions were not being published, even of pesticide products labels during the sub­ All this became a moot point on Sept. 18 though publication 1s required by law. committee investigation disclosed several in­ when the heiress was picked up here by the Significant improvements in PRD enforce­ stances where warning statements and direc­ FBI. Kohn and Weir promptly added another ment procedures have been made since mid- tions for use on the same label were confus­ 2,000 words to their story, which was released 1967. ing or even directly contradictory. At least Sept. 29. In late 1967, after appointment of Lowell one instance where a misleading effectiveness Today the two writers are busy in the E. Miller as Assistant Director of Enforce­ claim had been approved and widely used Rolling Stone offices checking out a flood ment, PRD began requesting manufacturers was also found. of new tips that have come in as a result of to voluntarily recall violative products from Preliminary results of a study being made their first story. The price of the Hearst the market. under a contract with PRD indicate that articles is no longer an issue. Scott has Formal procedures for requesting recall ac­ most pesticide users do not read labels and received nothing. Kohn is on staff and Dave tion, to be followed by multiple seizure ac­ those who do have difficulty understanding Weir is being hired full-time as an associate tion if necessary, were approved in May 1969. them. editor. Operating guidelines for referral of cases 5. Information available to Federal agen­ As for Scott, he says he has been betrayed. to the Departmen.t of Justice have been es­ cies concerning pesticide poisonings is inade­ Although he has confirmed that he, Kohn tablished and an indictment has been re­ quate and incomplete. The Pesticides Regu­ and Weir had discussed the possibility of a turned in a case so referred. A Prosecutions lation Division has failed to make effective book, he denies that he demanded money or and Import Section has been established to use of even the limited data available. that the three ever discussed the magazine handle referral of cases; however, its staff­ According to its Director, the Pesticides article. He has charged that Kohn and ing--consisting of the part-time services of Regulation Division has placed considerable Weir betrayed confidences obtained while only one person at the professional level-is reliance on accident reports as a means of working as legal researchers in the Hearst obviously inadequate. detecting dangerous pesticide products. Dur­ case. 2. Numerous pesticide products have been ing 1968, PRD received reports of 52 pesticide October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32497 poisoning incidents involving a total of 163 to Shell Chemical Co., served simultaneously manian talks. The following reprint, sub­ persons. as a consultant to the Pesticides Regula­ mitted by my constituent William B. • • tion Division. Documents examined by the Collier, provides a scholarly assessment The Pesticides Regulation Division has subcommittee indicate that Dr. Zavon was actively concerned as a Shell consultant in of the Panama Canal negotiations and, consistently failed to take action to remove at the same time, reflects what has been potentially hazardous products from market­ scientific studies and in negotiations with ing channels after cancellation of a pesticide Federal agencies relating to Shell's DDVP polled to be the negative reaction of the registration or through suspension of a regis­ strip. The subcommittee investigation also American people to these arbitrary treaty tration. disclosed that Dr. Zavon participated as a discussions : Although PRD has never secured cancella­ PRD consultant in a meeting at which safety CANAL TREATY REVISION CONTRARY TO LAW questions relating to DDVP strips were dis­ tion of a registration in a contested case, (By William B. Collier, A.B. Professor of His­ there have been instances where registrations cussed, but no action was recommended. USDA records indicate that Dr. Zavon was tory, Isthmian Canal College) of potentially hazardous products have been Secretary of State Kissinger's plan to canceled by consent or through failure of originally appointed for the specific purpose of advising PRD on problems relating to give Panama full sovereignty within the the registrant to contest the action. The sub­ United States Territory of the Cana.I Zone committee investigation disclosed that PRD Dieldrin, a pesticide produced by Shell Chemical Co. The subcommittee investiga­ contravenes basic principles of interoceanic has no procedures for taking action to re­ canal policy enacted into law by Congress. move such products from the market after tion did not disclose whether or not Dr. Zavon actually advised USDA, as a consult­ For this reason 37 U.S. Senators are urging cancellation of the registration or even for ant, on any matter involving Dieldrin in retention of existing treaty-based U.S. sov­ notifying the Enforcement Branch that the which Shell had a financial interest. ereign rights, power and authority within the registration has been canceled. zone to the entire exclusion of the exercise PRD has no procedures or criteria for de­ Registration of Shell's DDVP strip was originally approved in 1963 after John S. by the Republic of Panama of any such sov­ termining when a registration should be sus­ Leary, Jr., then PRD's Chief Sta.tr Officer for ereign rights, power or authority.1 pended on the ground that a product consti­ Pharmacology, overruled an objection raised The historic United States policy of free­ tutes an "imminent hazard" to the public. by a subordinate. In November 1966, Mr. dom of transit of an interoceanic canal open Such action has been taken only once; but Leary gave notice that he was leaving PRD to all nations upon payment of just com­ a product containing an identical amount of to accept employment with Shell Chemical pensation of reasonable tolls 2 was enacted the same active ingredient was allowed to re­ Co. In December 1966, before leaving PRD, into law by the Treaty of 1846 with New main on the market without even being Mr. Leary recommended that PRD ignore a Granada and the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of required warning notice on its label. Public Health Service report opposing con­ 1850. This principle was reaffirmed in the In some cases, hazardous products were tinued sale of DDVP strips. In 1968, as a Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901, which binds deliberately allowed to remain on the market Shell employee, Mr. Leary participated in a the United States to keep the canal free after cancellation of registrations. meeting at which Shell opposed addition of and open to the vessels of all nations on 8. The Pesticides Regulation Division has a warning notice to the label of its DDVP terms of entire equality at charges of traf­ no procedures for warning purchasers of po­ strip. fic which are just and equitable. tentially hazardous pesticide products. In view of the conflict of interest questions In order to secure the authority necessary Although removal of dangerous pesticides raised by the subcommittee investigation, to honor this international commitment, from marketing channels obviously does not the matters involving Dr. Hansberry, Dr. Congress by the Spooner Act of 1902, required protect buyers who already have the product Za.von, and Mr. Leary have been or are being that a strip of land from the Caribbean Sea in their homes, PRD has no procedures for referred by USDA to the Department of to the Pacific Ocean be placed under the "per­ Issuing warning notices to the public when Justice. petual control" of the United States. it becomes aware of possible hazards from The law appropriated $40 million for pur­ particular pesticide products. By contrast, chase of the franchises and property of the other units of the Agricultural Research New Panama Canal Company of France and Service apparently have procedures for warn­ PANAMA CANAL $10 milllon to start the project. Secretary of ing against possible hazards to animals from State John Hay offered Colombia. $10 million regulated products which have already been for perpetual control of the zone of land sold. HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO and $250,000 annual "compensation" in PRD has recently issued warning notices place of the annual franchise payment the concerning several pesticide products dis­ OF CALIFORNIA Panama Railroad Company had been paying cussed during subcommittee hearings. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to Colombia. 9. The Agricultural Research Service failed Wednesday, October 8, 1975 The Congress of Colombia. wanted the New to take appropriate precautions against ap­ Panama Canal Company to pay $10 m11lion pointment of consultants to positions in Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, as for approval of the transfer of the franchises which their duties might conflict with the a result of State Department efforts to to the United States and $15 mill1on as the financial interests of their private employer. renegotiate our treaty-based rights to price of perpetual control of the zone of Facts disclosed by the subcommittee investi­ the Panama Canal, much interest and land across the Isthmus of Panama. Colom­ gation raised a number of serious confllct debate has been generated here in Con­ bia also demanded $600,000 annual compen­ of interest questions. sation for loss of the revenues it had been Although Shell Chemical Co. ls one of the gress, culminating in recent House pas­ receiving from the Department of Panama country's largest producers of registered pes­ sage of the Snyder amendment to the enumerated in the Hay-Herran Treaty. ticide products, Dr. T. Roy Hansberry, an State Department appropriations bill. When Secretary Hay notified the Govern­ official of one of the company's affiliates, was I voted, with the majority of the House, ment of Colombia that the proposed amend­ appointed to a 1965 task force examining to prevent congressionally appropriated ments would constitute a rejection of the criteria used by PRD in determining whether State Department funds from being used treaty, the Bogota Congress decided to wait pesticide registration applications should be in surrendering our rights to the canal until the canal franchise expired and then approved. Before the appointment was made, or Canal Zone, an essential area which negotiate with the United States for the en­ an individual in the ARS Personnel Division the United States legally and irrevocably tire $50 m1111on appropriated by the Spooner (whom ARS officials report they have been purchased from Panama, and subse­ Act.a unable to identify) certified on Dr. Hans­ The Spooner law provided that should the berry's personnel clearance form that the quently developed for the benefit of all President be unable to obtain for the United agency did not know of any official business nations. I joined with a bipartisan rep­ States a satisfactory title to the property of with his private employer which might con­ resentation of House Members in sign­ the New Panama Canal Company and con­ stitute a conflict of interest. ing a letter to Secretary of State Kis­ trol of the necessary territory of the Repub­ Minutes kept by the task force's executive singer requesting that the Department lic of Colombia within a reasonable time secretary are available for only one of its adhere to the expressed wishes of this and upon reasonable terms, then the Presi­ meetings; they indicate that he reminded House with regard to the Panama Canal. dent, having first obtained for the United the group of legal restrictions on disclosure However, reaction to proposals aimed States perpetual control of the necessary of confidential information which should be at relinquishing the U.S. sovereignty territory from Costa. Rica and Nicaragua, kept in mind in view of Dr. Hansberry's as­ shall cause to be excavated and constructed sociation with a private firm. The executive over this vital interocean access has not a ship canal via the San Juan River Lake secretary was subsequently dismissed by the been limited to the Congress. As do most Nicaragua and the Rio Grande fiowing into task force chairman, and no further minutes of my colleagues, I receive constituent the Pacific Ocean. were kept. letters on a daily basis which deplore Dr. Mitchell R. Zavon, a medical consultant these continuing United States-Pana- Footnotes at end of article. 3~498 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 The Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua titular sovereign of the Canal Zone is the under and around Gatun Lake up to the 100' had begun construction of the Nicaragua Republic of Panama, such sovereign is media­ contour line. Before giving up the right of Canal. After encountering financial difficulty tized by its own act, solemnly declared and eminent domain for canal purposes in in 1893, the U.S. investors had turned to publicly proclaimed by treaty stipulation, in­ Panamanian territory outside the U.S. Zone, Senator John Tyler Morgan of Alabama and duced by a desire to make possible the com­ the United States purchased additional land Congressman William P. Hepburn seeking pletion of a great work which will confer in­ under and around Madden Lake up to the aid for completion of their canal. The Hep­ estimable benefit upon the people of the 260' contour line. The boundaries of this burn bill had already passed the House of Isthmus and the nations of the world. It is additional U.S. territory were established by Representatives, but Senators John Spooner difficult to believe that a member of the the 1936 Treaty. and Marcus Hanna had secured an amend­ family of nations seriously contemplates None of the U.S. territory and property can ment permitting completion of the Panama abandoning so high and honorable a position be disposed of without authorization of Con­ Canal under certain conditions. to engage in an endeavor to secure what at gress required by Article IV, Section III(2) Colombian Senator Pablo Arosemena, a na­ best is a barren scepter." s of the Constitution of the United States. tive of Panama, provided the moral justifi­ Also involved in the plan to subvert the Before undertaking negotiations with the cation for ceding the Canal Zone to the freedom of the Panama Canal 1s the miscon­ Marxist Revolutionary Government of United States while defending the Hay-Her­ struction of Article II of the 1903 Treaty. Al­ Panama, Ambassador-at-Large Ellsworth ran Treaty when it was under attack in the though Panama stipulated no reversionary Bunker consulted Senators who advised in no Colombian Congress. Dr. Arosemena wrote: interest in the Canal Zone when ceding the uncertain terms that exclusive U.S. sover­ "The Republic does not sell or lease ter­ territory to the United States as an induce­ eignty in perpetuity is not negotiable. ritory to fill its coffers and to care for the ment to build the interoceanic canal at Pan­ Despite this timely warning, Ambassador opportune payment of its national expenses. ama, there are those who argue that should Bunker negotiated, and, Feb. 7, 1974, Secre­ It cedes a section of land, accepting a limi­ the United States cease to operate, maintain tary Kissinger and Panama Foreign Minister tation of political dominion over it, for the and protect the Panama Canal, the zone Juan Ta.ck signed an "agreement on prin­ excavation of a maritime canal between the should revert to Panama. ciples" for a new treaty which will recognize two great oceans; a colossal, magnificent To this end President Johnson announced the sovereignty of Panama over the U.S. work, which has been a dream for centuries, on December 18, 1964, that the U.S. should zone. whose execution claims the legitimate in­ press forward with plans for a new sea-level More than the 37 Senators who have terest of mankind and imposes the implac­ canal and negotiate a new treaty for the declared themselves in favor of continued able law of progress ... to cede a territorial existing Panama Canal. Under the Constitu­ U.S. sovereignty in perpetuity a.re fully a.ware zone for a work destined for the innocent tion requiring a two-thirds vote in the Sen­ that once Brig. Gen. Omar Torrijos Herrera., use of all nations-justifiable.' ate for ratification of a treaty, a mere Pres­ Commandant of the Guardia Nacional and When the Colombian Congress adjourned idential announcement or executive agree­ self-styled Supreme Leader of the Marxist without ratifying the Hay-Herran Treaty, ment cannot abrogate the existing constitu­ Revolutionary Government of Panama gains Panama resumed its independence from Co­ tionally ratified canal treaties. sovereignty over the U.S. Zone and the U.S.­ lombia and ceded the Canal Zone to the The historically correct interpretation of owned Panama Canal, he can order the United States for the purchase price of $10 Article II of the Treaty of 1903 is that of United States to leave the Isthmus, as Gen­ million dollars.G President Theodore Roose­ Secretary of State John Hay: eral Charles deGaulle ordered the U.S. to velt considered the Canal Zone Purchase of "The position of the United States is that leave the defense bases in France, which had 1903 to be the most important achievement the words 'for construction, maintenance, been paid for by the American people. of his administration.e operation, sanitation and protection, of said The Revolutionary Government of Pana.ma Under terms of the 1867 extension of the canal' were not intended as a limitation on makes no secret of its view that Panama's Panama Railroad franchise Colombia was to the grant, but are a declaration of the in­ geographical suitability for interoceanic canal recive $250,000 per year for ninety-nine years ducement prompting the Republic of Panama purposes is its principal natural resource to at the end of which time the railroad was to to make the grant." e be exploited for the unjust enrichment of become the property of the Republic of Co­ The intent of Pana.ma is clearly established Panamanian socialism, as the Marxist Gov­ lombia. Colombia also owned an interest in by the letter from Minister of Government ernment of Chile tried to do with the copper the New Panama Canal Company of France, Tomas Arias, to Maj. Gen. George W. Davis, mines developed by private U.S. investors. and the ca!lal franchise also provided that U.S.A., first U.S. Governor of the Canal Zone, In the 1936 treaty revision, the U.S. gave the Panama Canal was to become the prop­ May 25, 1904: up its right of eminent domain to purchase erty of Colombia ninety-nine years after the "The Government of the Republic of Pan­ additional land in Panama for canal pur­ opening of the canal. ama considers that upon the exchange of poses, and changed the annual compensation from 250,000 gold dollars to 430,000 Balboas. NO REVERSIONARY INTEREST ratifications of the treaty for opening an interoceanic canal across the Isthmus of The unwise concessions cost billions of dol­ By Article XXII of the Isthmian Canal Panama its jurisdiction ceased over the lars for bases to defend the canal during Convention of 1903, Panama renounced and zone." 1° World War II. After the war Panama refused granted to the United States "the participa­ The Supreme Court in Wilson v. Shaw, 204 to renew the leases on these bases. To secure tion to which it might be entitled in the U.S. 24 settled finally and forever the ques­ a fifteen year renewal for the Rio Hata base, future earnings of the Canal under Article tion of the sovereignty of this country over the 1955 treaty revision increased the annual XV of the concessionary contract with Lucien that territory. compensation to 1.93 Inillion Balboas. In 1970 N. B. Wyse and any and all other rights or The State Department quotes the letter Gen. Torrijos and a detachment of his claims of a pecuniary nature arising under from Secretary of War William Howard Taft Guardia Nacional repossessed the Rio Hata said concession, or arising under the conces­ of Jan. 12, 1905 to President Theodore Air Base, but the U.S. continues to pay the sions to the Panama Railroad Company or Roosevelt and the Secretary's statement of increased annuity. any extensions thereof." April 18, 1906 to the Senate Committee on In the July 24, 1939 Senate debate on the In accordance with the terms of the Interocea.nlc Cana.ls as justification for the 1936 revision, Senator Hiram Johnson fore­ Thomson-Urrutia Treaty ratified in 1922, the false position that "The United States does cast with unerring accuracy the consequences United States purchased a quit claim from not claim sovereignty over the Canal Zone." of the 1936 concessions. In the July 29, 1955 Colombia for $25 million by which the Re­ In his statement to the Senate, Taft said, debate Senator Richard Russell questioned public of Colombia recognized the independ­ "Now, I agree that to the Anglo-Saxon the wisdom of the 1955 concessions to Pan­ ence of Panama and recognized that title to mind a titular sovereignty ls like what Gov­ ama. Now Gen. Torrijos openly declares his the Panama Canal and Panama R·ailroad now ernor Allen of Ohio once characterized as a intention to nationalize the Canal Zone and vests entirely and absolutely in the United 'barren ideality,' but to the Spanish or Latin seize the Pana.ma Canal by force if necessary. States. mind, poetic and sentimental, enjoying the As long as the United States retains its treaty Over and above the purchase price of $10 intellectual refinements, and dwell1ng much based sovereign rights in the Canal Zone, the million paid to Panama for the grant of ex­ on names and forms, it ls by no means Panama Canal will remain free and open to clusive rights, power and authority as sov­ unimportant." 11 peaceful trade. ereign of the zone and the price of $25 mil­ After his election as President, Taft told an The U.S. has maintained freedom of transit lion paid to Colombia to clear the U.S. title audience in New Orleans, Feb. 9, 1909: across the Isthmus of Panama for well over to the Panama Canal and railroad, the United "We have a right to govern that strip, and a century, under authority of the Tre.aty of States also purchased all the titles to land we are going to govern it." 1846 with New Granada, a.nd since 1904 under and property within the Canal Zone from the During his service as Chief Justice of the authority granted in perpetuity by the Re­ owners of record.' United States, William Howard Taft had an public of Pana.ma. The State Department bases its plan for opportunity in 1930, when he delivered the The Constitution of the United States re­ giving Panama full sovereignty over the U.S. opinion of the Supreme Court in Luckenback quires a two-thirds vote in the Senate and a Zone on the theory of titular sovereignty. S.S. Co., v United States 280 U.S. 173; to majority vote in both House and Senate to Secretary Hay, in his letter of October 24, overrule the 1907 decision in Wilson v Shaw, cede the Canal Zone and give the U.S. owned 1904 to Panamanian Minister Jose Domingo and he did not do so. Wilson v Shaw remains canal to Panama. As Senator Barry Goldwater de Obaldia wrote as follows: the ruling decision on this issue today. expressed it in a letter to a constituent 1n "If it could or should be admitted that the The boundaries of the U.S. Zone was estab­ Arizona: lished by the Price-Lefevre Boundary Con­ "The Panama Canal ls not lost yet. Any Footnotes at end of article. vention of 1914 and include all the land treaty that has to be ma.de or abrogated must October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32499 receive the approval of the Senate, and I can sovereignty" of Panama over the U.S. Zone. southward toward St. Louis to enter a assure you there are enough of us here to Responding to the Castro inspired riots of northern arm of the Gulf of Mexico, oppose it, and we will make it loud and clear January 1964, President Lyndon Johnson that this is wrong." made the last correct statement of U.S. canal which then extended up the present Mis­ With current high prices for imported oil policy when h e announced to the press: sissippi Valley as far as southern lliinois. depressing the economy, and working special "The United States cannot allow the When the great glaciers of the last ice hardship on the people of New England and security of the Panama Canal to be imperiled. age moved from Canada into the United other Northeastern States, continued low We have a recognized obligation to operate States, they penetrated as far south as cost sea transport of oil from Alaska and t h e canal efficiently and securely, and we in­ lower Illinois. In so doing, they moved other Pacific ports to Atlantic Coast re­ tend to honor that obligation in the interests ice over the lower-northern-half of the fineries via the Panama Canal is vital. of all who depend on it." Teays River-from Chillicothe, Ohio, to Continued U.S. control of the Panama FOOTNOTES Canal is also necessary for low-cost shipment its mouth below St. Louis--burying it 1 Article III, Isthmian Canal Convention of beneath the ice sheet and filling it.s val­ of grain from the Central States via the Mis­ 1903. souri and Mississippi Rivers and by sea from ley complete with sand, gravel and other 2 John Bassett Moore, Digest of Interna­ New Orleans to Pacific markets. Iron ore tional Law, III, 2 (US). g1acial debris. The upper-southem­ comes via the canal to Pennsylvania and s Miles P. DuVal, Jr. Cadiz to Ca:thay, half of the Teays-from Chillicothe to finished steel products go the other way to p. 170. the river's source in North Carolina--re­ Pacific markets. Coal from Chesapeake Bay 4 Dwight Darron Miner, The Fight for the mained out.side the boundaries of the ice also goes to Pacific ports. The demands on Panama Route, p. 170. the Panama Canal for transit of more and sheet and continued to flow down toward 5 Wilson v Shaw, 204 U.S. 24. larger bulk carriers will increase in the the great glacier. The front of the great 6 Theodore Roosevelt, Autobiography, glacier produced a dam across the river's future. p. 553. To improve the operation and increase the path, converting part of the stream into a 7 Ralph E. Avery, p. 213-6. Greatest Engi­ capacity of the canal requires early com­ neering Feat in the World, Panama. long, narrow lake. pletion of the third locks authorized by Act s House Document 474, 89th Congress, 2d The northwestern end of the lake was of Congress in 1939. Excavations for larger Session, p. 129. held in position by the great glacier, locks at Gatun and at Miraflores are com­ & 10 House Document 474, 89th Congress, 2d blocking the river at a pcirit in Ohio. plete, and the channel across the mountains Session p. 26 & 136. From there the lake waters extended of Panama is now five hundred feet wide. n Ibid., p. 138.4. Ibid., p. 138. The Terminal Lake-Third Locks Plan will southeastward to the Ohio-Kentucky ellminate the bottle neck Pedro Miguel boundary and across at least half of Locks and raise the level of Miraflores Lake West Virginia. Geological evidence of the to the summit level to permit continuous lake's existence consist.s of sedimentary operation of the Miraflores locks when the THE NEW IS THE OLDEST deposits laid down on the lake bottom. trans-mountain channel is closed by fog in Those deposit.s remain throughout much Culebra Pass. of the territory that had been flooded by Completion of the larger locks is au­ HON. STEPHEN L. NEAL the lake waters. thorized under the existing treaty and does OF NORTH CAROLINA not require a new treaty with Panama. A The ancient Teays River had it.s source new sea-level canal proposed by Secretary of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the same general region as does the State Christian Herter as a pretext for Wednesday, October 8, 1975 New River-in the ancestral Appalach­ negotiating a new treaty is not a viable al­ ians, a vastly higher system than the ternative. The unstable geological formation Mr. NEAL. Mr. Speaker, on several oc­ present ranges. These original moun­ on the continental divide in Panama, the casions I have described the New River tains were eroded to an almost level plain very heavy rainfall and frequent flash floods of North Carolina, Virginia, and West during the Mesozoic era. The Teays Riv­ cause landslldes which preclude the suc­ Virginia as the oldest river in the West­ er was one of the streams that helped cess of any sea-level canal across the Isthmus ern Hemisphere and perhaps second only of Panama. grind them down. In the court of time to the Nile as the oldest river in the this plain was elevated to a high plateau, For these reasons it was a serious mistake world. Many of my "!olleagues have asked for the Administration to reopen negotia­ marked in the east by the present-day tions with Panama for a new canal treaty. for evidence to support that claim. Blue Ridge. It sloped westward toward In 1917 Lenin promulgated a plan to divide Drawing from published data, I have pre­ the sea which covered the lowlands of North and South America by seizing beach pared the following account. the present Mississippi basin. heads in Guatemala, Cuba and Panama. Sec­ A good place to begin is with a state­ These physical changes did not de­ retary of State John Foster Dulles success­ ment by Dr. Raymond E. Janssen, emer­ stroy the Teays River. Instead, it was fully invoked the Monroe Doctrine in the case itus professor of geology at Marshall Uni­ of Guatemala and secured adoption of a carried upward by the rising lands. The versity. Dr. Janssen said: steepened gradient gave the stream addi­ resolution by the Organization of American There is no question that the New is one of States at the Tenth Inter-American Con­ tional power and allowed it to cut ference at Caracas: the oldest rivers in the world. It could be the oldest. I can't say it's older than The Nile, through the upraised rock layers. Hence "The domination or control of the polltical because I don't know how old The Nile is. it entrenched it.self into the bedrock, re­ institutions of any American State by the taining the course it had previously de­ international communist movement--would The New River, he declares, is more veloped on the low, fiat plain. Evidence constitute a threat to the sovereignty and than 100 mililon years old. The New independence of the American States, en­ of this can be seen today in the gorge dangering the peace of America." formed the headwaters of the mighty of the New River. The deep canyon, with In 1956 when Egypt nationalized the Suez Teays River, which once drained all of its winding course and steeply rising Canal, Secretary Dulles pointed out that the eastern America. That was in the days walls, marks the extent of the river's Suez Canal was built by a private company of the dinosaur-before the upheaval erosion since the uplift. with a 99-year franchise, but the Panama which formed the Appalachian Moun­ While the Teays River was in existence Canal was built b y the United States Gov­ tains and before the ice age which as the master stream of the East-Central ernment in territory ceded to and owned by changed the flow of most of North Amer­ United States, it helped carve the land­ the United States in fee simple. Dulles ica's rivers. With few exceptions, they warned all members of the foreign service scape of a large part of the continent. that any attempt to equate the two would re­ now drain southward. The New River, The amount of sediment it eroded and sult in dismissal from the service of the following it.s ancient course, flows north poured into the sea was tremendous. This United States. and northwestward. sea was the longer former arm of the Gulf Secretary of State Herter failed to invoke The Teays River had it.s origin in the of Mexico, extending from New Orleans the Monroe Doctrine when Fidel Castro seized ancestral Appalachian Mountains. In it.s to southern Illinois. This sea has now power in Cuba. In supporting Castro, Nikita entirety, the Teays drained essentially been filled, the great delta deposits jut­ Khruscbev proclaimed, "The Monroe Doctrine the same territorities as those now is dead," and he buried it by establishing a ting far beyond New Orleans. This delta. Soviet nuclear missile base in the Caribbean. drained by the Ohio and Mississippi sys­ has been attributed to the Mississippi Now Soviet nuclear missile submarines prowl tems-from the Appalachians to the River, but actually the lower portion of the Caribbean Sea and patrol both the Great Plains, and from the Great Lakes the Mississippi south of lliinois has been Atlantic and Pacific coasts o! the North to the Gulf of Mexico. The Teays was in existence for a relatively brief time 1n American continent. more than 1,000 miles long. It extended comparison with the former Teays. The Secretary Herter also persuaded President from North Carolina northwestward greater bulk of the delta was built by the Eisenhower to fly the fi.ag of Panama in the across Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, In­ Teays. Only the later portions were add· U.S. Zone as visual recognition o! the "titular diana and Illinois. There it turned ed by the Mississippi. 32000 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 During the time that the lower half Teays River system. The map cannot be shopkeepers are more likely to be shot than of the Teays -River was covered by the reproduced in the RECORD, but I will be the armed robber who holds them up? glad to share it with my colleagues upon In the absence of convincing answers to glacier, the stage was set for changes these questions, it makes more sense to ad­ in river drainage that were to occur when request. vocate a total ban on the private ownership the great glacier melted. The impounded of handguns. The sooner the nation's mam­ lake waters overflowed near the site of moth reservoir of handguns ls dried up, the Portsmouth, Ohio. They escaped toward THOSE "SAFE" GUNS sooner the incidence of gun-related crime the site of Cincinnati and onward to the wlll begin to diminish, and the sooner Ameri­ Gulf of Mexico. The constant outflow cans will have an opportunity to judge how of water along this route established the HON. DON EDWARDS violent they really are. lower portion of what is now the Ohio OF CALIFORNIA If they continue to kill each other as fre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quently and in as great numbers with tire River. irons and ice picks as they do with hand­ The great glacier also reversed the flow Wednesday, October 8, 1975 guns, the firea.rms advocates will begin to of the Allegheny and Monongahela Riv­ seem more credible. For now, their argu­ ers, which previously had flowed north­ Mr. EDWARDS of California. Mr. ments are full of bullet holes. ward to join the St. Lawrence River. Speaker, as the House Judiciary Sub­ They were forced to join at the site of committee on Crime completes its exten­ Pittsburgh and flow southwestward, sive hearings on gun control legislation, bringing into being the upper portion of I thought the following editorial, which BLACK VOTING POWER the Ohio. The Teays valley itself, be­ recently appeared in the San Jose Mer­ tween the present sites of Huntington cury, to be well worth sharing with my and Portsmouth, became the central por­ colleagues, both on the subcommittee HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL tion of the Ohio River. and in the full House. OF NEW YORK Meanwhile, as the glacial ice receded As the writer so well points out, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES statistics clearly show the compelling and the Ohio River became established, Wednesday, October 8, 1975 Teays Lake gradually drained away, but need for more extensive gun control leg­ the Teays River downstream from the islation. Rather than protecting individ­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, while I present site of Nitro, W. Va., did not re­ uals from harm, the private ownership am sure we are all familiar with the over­ turn to its former valley. Its head­ of handguns poses an increasingly dan­ whelming significance of voting strength, waters-from Watagua County, N.C., to gerous threat to personal safety. Mr. I would like to share with my colleagues a Nitro--remained to become what we now Speaker, I commend the chairman of a most inspiring though in many ways call the New and Kanawha Rivers. But the Subcommittee on Crime, the Honor­ enraging article which recently appeared at Nitro these waters found a lower route able JOHN CONYERS, for his efforts to de­ in Focus, a monthly publication put out toward the present site of Point Pleasant, velop responsible gun control legislation by the Joint Center for Political Studies. W. Va., establishing the lower course of and call on my colleagues to join me in The article illustrates the positive the Kanawha and causing it to become a supporting his efforts. transition that occurs when our citizenry tributary of the newly formed Ohio River. The article follows: elects to exercise its voting rights. The Two portions of the Teays Valley-the THOSE "SAFE" GUNS setting is a southern locality with a his­ parts between Nitro and Huntington in Americans may or may not be inherently tory of racial strife and political apathy. West Virginia and between Portsmouth more violent than other peoples, but they However, because of the series of dis­ and Chillicothe in Ohio--were left aban­ are surely be0tter armed, and it ls hardly ruPtions and abuses suffered by the black improper to question the cost of that dis­ citizens of Orangeburg, S.C., a coalition doned. They are occupied today by small­ tinction. er local streams which became estab­ It is estimated there are 210 mlllion pri­ was formed to fight the injustices which lished after the ice age. The whole lower vately-owned firearms in the United States, were becoming a way of life for those portion of the Teays Valley below Chilli­ or roughly one for every man, woman and involved. Consciousness raising, voting cothe and across Indiana and Illinois was child in the country. Of this number, about registration drives, and other strategic filled with debris. Therefore, no surface 40 million are handguns, or one for every techniques precipitated what is now a valley remained to be reoccupied by a fifth American. powerful black voting block in that com­ If, as the advocates of gun ownership con­ munity. Once again, the acquisition of river after the glacier melted away. tend, these weapons contribute materially A million years have passed since the to the safety of the community, the statis­ voting power has served a most useful glacial ice first spread southward into tics fall to substantiate it. purpose in that is has given recognition the United States and on across the For example, more Americans were mur­ and a voice to a neglected segment of valley of the Teays. During their time the dered from 1970 through 1974 than were the population. ice sheets completely changed the face of killed during the entire Vietnam war. In San Herewith, I submit, "What Happens the land over which they moved. They Jose alone, 36 murders have been recorded When Blacks Gain Strength": this year to date, an all-time record, and the WHAT HAPPENS WHEN BLACKS GAIN STRENGTH established the Great Lakes. They de­ year still has three months to go. It ls pos­ stroyed and buried beneath a glacial drift sibly worth noting in passing, that San (By Henry Eichel) a once great river system. Their melt­ Jose's rate of major crlme.s is increasing at ORANGEBURG, S.C.-This ls the town where waters built a new system, that of the twice the national average, and homicides 10 years ago dozens of blacks and Northern present Ohio, and they converted a rela­ are in the vanguard. white youths who were helping them register tively minor tributary into a mighty new It is hardly coincidental that two thirds of to vote were dragged by police out of the master stream, the modern Mississippi. all murders in the United State.s are com­ courthouse and penned up in the county mitted with guns and 92 per cent of these stockade. In spite of these far-reaching changes, with handguns. This ls the town where seven years ago the New River portion of the Teays sys­ Nationwide about 10,000 persons are kllled four black college students were shot and tem remains today. Its age is reckoned by with handguns each year, and it ls esti­ killed by state highway patrolmen during dating fossils of animals found along the mated that 1 in every 10,000 Americans will protests over a segregated bowling alley. river valley. Some of the fossils are of be murdered in 197·5. This is where you can stlll see in the court­ animals which existed only during pre­ Thiat being the case, it seems fair enough house foyer a plaque to the county's World historic times. Also, scientists have made to ask: Whe·re ls all the law and order, all War I dead that lists blacks separately at the the personal protection and all the secure bottom. radioactive analyses of minerals found in peace of mind those 210 million privately­ But recently it was the place where eight Blue Ridge rocks. Some of the rocks date owned firearms are supposed to be buying blacks sat on a 12-member jury and watched to 500 million and 1 billion years. the American people? a black assistant prosecutor cross-examine a Dr. Janssen says the New River has to If the country ls so safe because it ls so white sheriff's deputy on trial in the death be younger than the youngest rocks it cut well-armed, why ls President Ford asking of a black man. through, and the youngest rocks along for 150 new Secret Service agents, bringing Though the deputy, Clark Ryder, was ac­ the New are at least 100 million years that force to 1,500 men? quitted-the special prosecutors brought in If guns are so indispenslble to personal from Columbia never thought they had a old. safety, why are there four gun accidents in strong case against him in the first place-­ That, Mr. Speaker, is the geological the home for every intruder captured by a the consensus around town ls that the white story of the New River. I have in my pistol-packing homeowner, · and why do the local solicitor who was involved in the shoot· possession a geological map of the ancient New York police report that gun-carrying Ing ls dead politically. October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32501 "He's alienated the black vote," said one o! nesses began contradicting ea.ch other's testi­ votion to our Nation's cause is a model Solicitor Norman Fogle's close friends, "and mony. of patriotism for all times. no politician in the county can get elected Whites and blacks in Orangeburg County without it." were saying even before the verdict, how­ Pulaski once wrote to General Wash­ Solicitor Fogle refuses to comment about ever, that the trial itself was evidence of the ington that he wanted the opportunity any aspect of the killing or its implications, growing political power of blacks. to prove his devotion to the American but it was learned recently that after the "If this had happened 10 years a.go,'' said cause. In a similar letter to Col. R. H. killing he began trying to hire a black in­ one influential white politician, "it never Lee in 1778, he wrote that-- vestigator for his office. would have gotten this far. Oh, you might Honor and a true desire of distinguishing The trial that resulted from the death of have had some sort of trial, but you wouldn't myself in defense of liberty was the only 23-year-old Emanuel Fogle (no relation to have seen them going after it as thoroughly motive which fired my breast for the cause the solicitor) on May 10 points out just how as they have." of the United States. far black political power has evolved in a And one of Orangeburg's key black leaders, rural Deep South community where the old who asked for anonymity because he feared By oommemorating the accomplish­ traditions lingered longer than in most other blacks might misunderstand and think ments of Casimir Pulaski today, we re­ places. he was compromising, said, "We've accom­ affirm this desire of one of our great an­ In the 10 years since the voter registration plished something-win, lose, or draw. It's cestors. The memory of Pulaski renews drives that raised white tempers and resulted something we can use for a rallying point." ln sit-ins by blacks in the courthouse, blacks our spirit with the example of his life­ now amount to 50 per cent of Orangeburg long commitment to equality and justice County's 13,000 voters. in a free land. Polish Americans espe­ Orangeburg NAACP President Oscar Butler, A TRIBUTE TO CASIMIR PULASKI cially sense the significance of his life's who coordinated much of the black protest story, celebrating Pulaski Day as a fitting over the shooting, said that blacks now have reminder of the Polish contribution to the leverage to force action. After hundreds the founding of our country. of years of political impotence, Butler said, HON. CHARLESJ. CARNEY OF OHIO America has been blessed with great blacks are determined to use their influence. men of monumental character. Pulaski "There's not going to be any more, "We'll IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES listen to your promises and wait while you ge we have used it to de- trying to present to you a. reminder that if October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 32505 we are to achieve what humanita.rilly we sib111ty with respect to the Agency shall, not gressional control, but resist singling out try to do-that is to produce adequate later than 6 months prior to the termination the Consumer Prorection Agency. I think amounts of food and fiber for the people of date specified in subsection (a), conduct an that there is no better place to start than the world-we must learn to produce plants inquiry into the performance and effective­ efficiently. That basically is what agriculture ness of the Agency and make public a report with an agency that is charged with is all about-efficient production of plants. of their findings, conclusions, and recom­ idenifying the "consumer interest" and Without insult to some of my colleagues 1n mendations, including proposed legislation advocating that interest ~n novel ways. If animal sciences, I will admit that also con­ for such extension or reorganization of the this agency cannot be responsive to both version of some of these plants to animal Agency as they deem appropriate. a special interest and to the public inter­ products is needed. What this means in part My amendment will insure that a po­ est, probably no agency can. is that we must learn how to provide plants One problem with the debate over the that can be adapted to the weather and to tentially valuable experiment in con­ the pathogens that cause plant diseases. I am sumer protection remains just that: an proposed Consumer Protection Agency is suggesting that there will be a stepped-up experiment. It may do little to sway those that it has become polarized into strong emohasis in breeding plants disease--resist­ Members who are philosophically op­ "pros" and "antis." Each issue is seized ant in susceptible plants and offering a new posed to the bill, who oppose consumer as a debating tool rather than as a prob­ suggestion that there may be a possibility protection generally, who have major ob­ lem to be worked out. I hope that many that we can accomplish new protection in of my colleagues who see the need for a plants by means of a sort of immunization jections to specific provisions, or who process in selected specific plant diseases. think that consumers can be adequately consumer protection agency, but who protected within the present administra­ have reservations about it, will take the tive framework. It does, however, address opportunity to place their thoughts and the main concern of many proponents suggestions into the RECORD before floor THE PROPOSED "SELF-DESTRUCT" of consumer protection, who, like me, debate begins on the bill. Hopefully, we AMENDMENT TO THE AGENCY fear that good intentions can sometimes can work out the problems and pass a bill FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION become rigidly codified into law and then that will truly help consumers. BILL (H.R. 7575) calcified into entrenched, expensive, and frequently unresponsive bureaucracies. With a "self-destruct" provision at­ HON. MAX S. BAUCUS WHAT IT'S COME TO AFTER tached to the Consumer Protection 200 YEARS OF MONTANA Agency's charter, the risks involved in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES setting up a new agency are worth tak­ Wednesday, October 8, 197 5 ing. Consumer interests may be best HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN served by creating an agency that can OF MARYLAND Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. Speaker, later this command enough resources to act as an month, the House will vote on the crea­ effective advocate. This agency's powers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of an Agency for Consumer Pro­ have been deliberately and carefully cir­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 tection. Many of us feel that consumers cumscribed. It will have no regulatory Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, as we are not adequately represented and that powers. That alone sets it apart from approach our Nation's Bicentennial, I there is little hope that existing agencies other Federal agencies. By representing want to take this opportunity to share can do the job. On the other hand, we consumer interests before other Federal with my colleagues a truly inspirational view the creation of any new Federal agencies and courts, it may counterbal­ poem about the approaching celebration. agency with distaste. ance at least a small part of the resources Mr. Gurnie C. Hobbs of Bowie, Md., was I plan to offer an amendment that will that the private sector brings to bear up­ kind enough to send me a copy of one of make the Agency self-destruct after 7 on agencies that specialize in a particu­ his poems. I hope that each Member will years unless certain procedures and lar industry's problems. By acting as an have the chance to read the poem, and standards are followed to keep it alive. information gatherer, complaint clear­ perhaps reflect on its meaning. At that time, Congress will have an op­ inghouse and advocate, this new agency The title of Mr. Hobb's poem is "What portunity to reexamine the Agency's pro­ could become a model for public interest It's Come to After 200 Years." I think grams and determine whether they representation. that such works serve as an inspiration to should be continued, modified, or abol­ It could also become an administrative us all, and will help us to commemorate ished. This amendment does not elimi­ nightmare. These compelling new ideas the Bicentennial in a most appropriate nate all the problems I have with the may prove not so compelling in a few way. legislation, but it does clearly tip the years. Even if the basic principles are The poem follows: balance for me toward passage. I propose good and the mechanics work out, the , the following amendment: WHAT IT'S COME TO AFTER 200 YEARS agency may itself become unresponsive (By Gurnie Hobbs) AMENDMENT TO H.R. 7575, AS REPORTED to either congressional ploddings or to "True leadership's forgotten, a. quality out of OFFERED BY MR. BAUCUS consumers. If that happens, we need our pa.st!" Page 30, insert immediately after line 11 more than the pro forma review provided "America, once the beautiful, is doomed to the following: by the appropriations process in section decay at last!" TERMINATION 20 of the present bill. This has not "No longer anchored in the rock, unable to SEC. 23. (a) This Act shall terminate on worked to curb other agencies in the past, withstand the blast September 30, 1983, and the Agency for Con­ much less terminate any. What we need Of punctillous Fortune." Critics in troubled sumer Protection shall be abolished as of is an agency with a finite organic act, knowledge cast such date. Their sanguine eyes about a.nd watch to see (b) The President shall- such as the Federal Energy Administra­ her wither, ( 1) commencing 2 years prior to the date tion Act of 1974 (93-275), coupled with Depreciate, decline, anticipating each con­ of termination specified in subsection (a), the detailed review provisions that my stricted brea.th- conduct an investigation of the Agency's amendment provides. The agency should Is this what it's come to after two hundred overall performance including, but not lim­ have a complete, mandatory inspection years? ited to, a study of the Agency's effectiveness every 7 years. If it passes inspection, it "America has known better days!" Some even in accomplishing its general purposes and say her best. promoting the general welfare; may need an overhaul; if it fails, it will "She's exhausting her resources in a waste­ (2) not later than 12 months prior to the be scrapped. ful, frightful test termination date specifl.ed in subsection (a), This agency could also serve as an ex­ Of Destiny." "From polluting and destroy­ make public a.nd submit to each House of ample. All regulatory agencies and most ing she knows no rest." Congress a report on the findings of the in­ executive agencies could eventually be "We regard one another with reproachful vestigation conducted pursuant to para.graph forced to justify their exisrence without zest ( 1), such report to include a recommenda­ the security of automatic continuation. For unconcern." Suspicious, careless, neither tion that the authority of this Act be ex­ My amendment sets just such a prece­ Remembering God, nor heritage, nor patriots' tended, that the Agency be reorganized, or death." that the authority of this Act be allowed to dent. Has it really come to this after two hundred lapse. Some of my colleagues have strongly years? ( c) The committees of the House and of agreed with my desire to see all adminis- No! No! The explorer's blood still courses the Senate having primary oversight respan- trative agencies placed under better con- through our veins, EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 8, 1975 The strong hearts of pilgrims and bondsmen One reason for the impending crisis is also pave the way toward accomplishing a with their chains the fact that a large number of "dump­ more meaningful Ea.st-West detente. There­ Still throb within us; and those who, afoot, ing" and countervailing duty cases are fore, the Trade Act and the current Geneva in wagons and on trains negotiations a.re of critical importance to Opened up this mighty continent-her currently pending in the United States. the world, and the U.S. has a primary re­ fields, her hills, her plains, In fact, more complaints have been filed sponsibility to strive for success at Geneva. And majestic mountains-charted our course in recent months and are now under Is the United States meeting and fulfi111ng hither, consideration than ever before in the this critical role? Is the Trade Act further­ Thus far for full success, not for failure and history of U.S. trade relations. These ing the cause of liberal trade? The answers eternal tears. domestic cases and their outcome will a.re, at best, clouded. While we are seriously After two hundred years America's spirit inevitably affect the course of the inter­ negotiating at Geneva, dozens of protection­ blooms as yet not faded, national negotiations. ist non-ta.riff barrier complaints are being Youthful still and fresh, its vigorous hopes filed by many sectors within the United unjaded, Mr. Speaker, the newsletter of the States. More countervailing duty cases a.re A beacon of hope and freedom throughout East-West Trade Council recently carried now pending with the Department of Treas­ the world paraded, a thought-provoking analysis of the cur­ ury, since the inception of the Trade Asit, Symbol of liberty, for tyranny and oppres­ rent international trade situation. It than ever before filed in U.S. history. Anti­ sion traded. points out that the 1974 Trade Act au­ dumping complaints are increasing and other It's people that made America great, nor thorizes the Secretary of the Treasury non-tariff barriers a.re being pursued with would we doubt it either. to waive U.S. countervailing duties, even vigor. The Trade Act has invited this action Her people will carry her further still, in where grounds for imposing them have and this, in and of itself, is not necessarily spite of all her fears. wrong. U.S. industry and other interested On tracks laid down by what we've learned been found in particular cases, until the groups, such as labor, should have the vested from her first 200 years. current round of international trade ne­ right to complain to our Government a.bout It was people, people, people; from every­ gotiations are completed. The council what they believe are unfair trade practices where they came, urges the Secretary of the Treasury to from foreign entities. The U.S. Government From east and west, from north and south, utilize this authority and to waive any cannot under law, and should not, control downtrodden, lost or lame, countervailing duties that may seem the number of non-tariff barrier compla.i~ts All yearning to taste the bread of freedom, justified in the interests of keeping the filed. But it does, on the other hand, have to possess that glorious name, negotiations going. a major, far-reaching responsibillty on how American! American! No other was ever the I believe Members will find this review the Trade Act is implemented in administer­ same. of the international trade negotiations ing the many protectionist complaints now Bold men and women fashioned here, to on file. strains of harp and zither, from the September 30, 1975, East-West The majority of non-tariff barrier com­ A melange of nationalities, contributing each Trade Council useful. The text follows: plaints now pending with the U.S. can be its peers, U.S.-PROTECTIONIST OR LmERAL TRADER? resolved against furthering international In wisdom, strength and tolerance growing U.S. foreign trade policy will not only di­ trade. The power is there but it would be un­ our first 200 years. rectly affect the future role of East-west wise, particularly at this time, to utilize this trade, but the economic stabillty of the power. The a.mended counterva111ng duty law Our people moved through her forests, her under the Trade Act affords the Secretary of mighty cities founded, world. Passage of the Trade Act of 1974, which became effective on January 3 of this year, the Treasury discretion to waive counter­ In town and village established homes, wher­ vailing duty action until the Geneva negotia­ ever love surrounded. was hailed by our Government as a step to­ ward liberal trade. Shortly after the Trade tions have been completed. This waiver They cleared her land and tilled her fields in would cover a period now less than four joy and sweat unbounded, Act was enacted, Secretary of Commerce Frederick B. Dent stated that it was "A bal­ yea.rs in time. This represents a brief period They scaled her peaks, her rivers bridged, in the history of international trade. If the crossed deserts unconfounded. anced measure designed to serve the national interest and forward international accord. waiver conditions established by law have They carved her roads and laid her rails and been met, even in a technical manner, the with never a time to dither, This legislation provides the practical means for reducing international and commercial Secretary of the Treasury should, in all cases, Endowed her with their own industry-of waive countervailing duty action until life the blood and breath. irritants that, unattended, could impair the peace and security of the world. With the Geneva ls resolved--one way or the other. That's why America has prospered so in her This statute should be administered in a first 200 years. growing interdependence of the world econ­ omy, the Trade Act equips us with the tools liberal manner so as not to disrupt the po­ America will surely thrive and move toward to buttress this still unstable but developing tential success of Geneva. However, the re­ . greater glory. system. It gives us a scaffolding on which to cent decision not to waive on many varieties Those who love and cherish her will continue build better tomorrows. Ea.st-West detente of imported cheeses from the Common Mar­ to write her story. ts an example of that interdependence ..." ket appears to be more in the nature of a They've given sons and fathers to snatch vic­ Passage of the Trade Act afforded the U.S. political decision to appease a large dairy tories from the hoary its "entry tickets" into the current meaning­ lobby within the United States rather than Past. No defeat! We'll pay the price, whatever ful and most significant world trade negotia­ an effort to liberally construe the waiver pro­ the category. tions presently in progress at Geneva. No one visions contained in the a.mended counter­ We always do! We'll learn more to trust and at the outset of the Trade Act, or at the va.111ng duty statute. co-operate, neither commencement of the "Tokyo Round", con­ The cheese case and the pending cases Accepting less than Destiny's fate. In glori­ templated that the job of negotiating liberal against imported canned ha.ms from the EC, ous life, or heroic death. trade would be easy. Past negotiations such automobiles, and steel, caused. the Common We are hers and she is ours for her next two as the "Kennedy Round" proved that it is Market to recently state that it was "con­ hundred years. cerned at the general drift" of recent U.S. hard, frustrating work. Many, however, rely trade policy. As much as 20 percent of the on the United States to be a pllla.r and a total EC exports to the U.S. a.re now in jeop­ leader in seeking, through these international ardy. This is so despite the fact that the negotiations, a fair and open world market­ U.S. enjoys a $3 b1111on balance-of-trade sur­ INTERNATIONAL TRADE NEGOTIA­ place. As Secretary Dent stated, "In all, the plus with the EC. Many products from other TIONS AT CRITICAL STAGE Trade Act of 1974 reaffirms our dedication to countries not within the Market such as the principles and practices of fair and Japan, Brazil, Austria., Finland, Norway, equitable trade. It confirms our resolve to Sweden, and a host of other countries a.re in HON. JONATHAN ·s. BINGHAM retain our leadership role in this endeavor. jeopardy because of new non-ta.riff barrier Our goal remains the same: A just and last­ complaints. These facts exist despite the 1975 OF NEW YORK ing peace, a stronger economy at home, and U.S. balance-of-trade with the world pre­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a thriving commerce among nations. It em­ dicted by the Department of Commerce to phasizes our commitment to meet and over­ Wednesday, October 8, 1975 be as much as $6 blllion in the black I come the most serious economic challenge The EWTC does not advocate that the U.S. Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the in­ of the postwar period." eliminate non-ta.riff barrier laws at this ternational trade negotiations in which Therefore, U.S. trade policy should, with­ moment in time. Other countries and as­ the United States is participating under in the intended spirit of the Trade Act, sociations of countries have non-tariff bar­ strive for and hope for solutions to cumber­ riers as well which have proved cumbersome authority of the Trade Act of 1974 may some world trade problems during the Geneva. be approaching a critical stage--probably to U.S. products seeking additional markets. negotiations. If such a.re a.ccompllshed, it Despite this fa.ct, nevertheless, it ls worth the first of many in these difficult nego­ wlll not only mean a better and more peace­ repeating that the U.S. enjoys a favorable tiations which are likely to extend over ful atmosphere amongst free world nations, balance-of-trade with nearly every country several years. whether developed or developing, but will it trades with and an overall plus factor in October 8, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3~507 total trade with the world. It existing U.S. persistent rise in interest rates and the 1973 totaled only $156 billion. Outstanding law is administered in a manner which is enormous shortage of mortgage and auto loans and charge accounts were $61 bll­ subject to individual vested-interest group construction money in our local banks Uon. And FHA mortgages totaled $68 blllton. pressures in particular cases, and not on a It investors bought another $100 billion liberal, overall trade basis, then history may and savings institutions, which could be in Federal securities, other potential uses of well show that the U.S. became protectionist used to create jobs and lower prices in such funds-such as auto loans and home in its first year under the new Trade Act of the private sector. mortgages-would have to get by with much 1974. This could well happen even though the Mr. Speaker, if Congress is serious less. Thus the economy will not get the shot overall policy of the U.S. had the intention about ending inflation and avoiding an­ in the arm it desperately needs, and areas of being liberal for the sake of successful other economic depression, it has to stop of the economy most hurt by the current negotiations at Geneva. The U.S. could there­ spending the people's money so irrespon­ recession wUl continue to suffer. fore become protectionist without having in­ I say Congress should cut Federal spend­ tended to do so. sibly. The Federal Government must dis­ ing, and cut it now. It should put money This is a critical time for U.S. policy as play some fiscal sanity by tightening its back into citizens' pockets and into the pri­ many non-tariff barrier cases are pending own belt and freeing up money for pro­ vate sector, not through the political sub­ with final decisions due by January 4, 1976. ductive purposes. terfuge of tax rebates, but through respon­ Adverse decisions against several key im­ I would like to include in the RECORD sible fiscal policies. Congress must develop ports from foreign countries would be con­ at this point an article on government a sound program to reduce the Federal sidered by world opinion as a protectionist spending and inflation I recently wrote budget and eliminate the 1975-76 deficit. trend becoming dominant in the U.S. There­ for Dynamic Phoenix, the magazine of Here is how I proposed to do this, in a fore, responsible government agencies, such package of five bills I introduced at the be­ as Treasury, should be extremely careful in the Phoenix Metropolitan Chamber of ginning of this Congress: the administration of the Trade Act and Commerce. It contains a summary of Place a 3-year moratorium on all U.S. for­ realize that each decision in every respective my own anti-inflation legislative propos­ eign aid (H. Con. Res. 9). case is part of a larger overall trade pollcy­ als in this Congress : Reduce the 1976 Federal budget by at least whether the U.S. is preaching liberal trade GOVERNMENT Is OUR BIGGEST ECONOMIC enough to put it 10 per cent below what was at Geneva and practicing it, or whether it is PROBLEM spent in 1975 (H. Con. Res. 36). preaching liberal trade while steadily increas­ (By Congressman JOHN B. CONLAN) Impose an immediate moratorium on new ing non-tariff barrier protections in its own Federal spending programs (H. Con. Res. domestic market. For Geneva to succeed, and Any talk about the economy and how to 10). for East-West trade detente to be furthered, stop inflation that causes recession and un­ Balance the Federal budget every year, tie the U.S. should administer the new Trade Act employment must consider an important the growth of Federal spending to the growth in a liberal manner with the hope that the point from the President's State of the Union of national productivity, and establish a short period remaining at the Geneva trade message, when he said to the American firm monetary policy to prevent inflationary talks prove successful for all interests in­ people: growth of the money supply (H.R. 1252) . volved. To do otherwise could defeat the "What we most urgently need today is Pass a Constitutional amendment forbid­ purposes of the Geneva trade negotiations more spending money in your pockets, rather ding future Federal deficits and requiring and enhance failure. This would be a tragic than in the Treasury in Washington." gradual repayment of our half-trillion dol­ mistake which. could lead to an international Government is the only organization com­ lar national debt (H.J. Res. 5). trade war and a retreat to the disastrous peting against individual citizens and pro­ And for dessert, Congress should require Hawley-Smoot days of the 30's which saw ductive enterprises in the private sector for all foreign nations to pay us what they owe economic havoc within our country as well as spending money. us for U.S. loans-money and equipment-­ throughout the world. There are three ways Government obtains during the two World Wars and the Korean money for its own projects: (1) Through conflict. The total bill, with interest, comes taxation; (2) Through deficit spending that to hundreds of billions of dollars. France borrows on tomorrow's productivity and alone still owes us $6 billion from World GOVERNMENT CAUSES INFLATION earning power; (3) By inflating the money War I, and the Soviet Union owes us $2.6 supply with an infusion of new printed billion from Lend-Lease. The list goes on dollars from the Federal Reserve System. and on. Politicians do not like to increase taxes, Americans do, indeed, need more spend­ HON. JOHN B. CONLAN which is the honest way of committing peo­ OF ARIZONA ing money in their pockets. They can have it ple to support their spending ideas and 1f Congress will stop the destructive flow of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES receiving their approval for new Govern­ money out of the productive sector of our ment projects. Voters would throw them out Wednesday, October 8, 1975 economy, into the hands of bureaucrats in of office for spending money on most of their the non-productive Government sector. Mr. CONLAN. Mr. Speaker, inflation extravagant and wasteful boondoggles. Government is our biggest economic prob­ and the enormous rise in the cost of liv­ Liberals in Congress have worked around lem. A drastic reduction of unnecessary and ing over the past decade has been caused this thorny political problem of increased wasteful government programs in Washing­ taxes for new and expanded prograins with ton, plus elimination of federal deficit spend­ principally by government. the dishonest, almost secret tax of deficit Congress and the Federal Government ing, would pump new life into our economy, spending, which is why this year they a.gain creating jobs and economic plenty at rea­ are spending too much of the people's increased the limit of the multi-billion dol­ sonable costs through increased productivity. hard-earned money. The bureaucracy is lar national debt. controlled by a "Big Brother" mentality Assuming Congress does not agree to the which believes that problems will go away President's proposed $17.5 billion in budget cuts-which I personally feel is not enough­ if you just throw enough money at them. Federal spending in fiscal year 1976 will be EQUAL CREDIT RIGHTS FOR For many decades the Federal Gov­ $100 billion more than 1974. The combined WOMEN ernment has spent much more than the deficits of 1975 and 1976 will also be $100 people could afford, through larger and billion. That is more than a third of our larger deficits. The Federal budget dou­ entire U.S. money stock, which ts currently HON. JERRY M. PATTERSON bled from $134 billion in 1966 to $268 around $284 billion. OF CALIFORNIA These horrendous Federal deficits are the billion in 1974. While the budget was IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES only $100 billion in 1961, this year it is direct result of legally required spending by the Congress. They will be higher still 1f Wednesday, October 8, 1975 over $300 billion. And the 1975-76 deficit liberal leaders of Congress push through will be more than $100 billion. their political vote-buying but economically Mr. PATTERSON of California. Mr. When the Federal budget runs a deficit foolish tax cut proposals without a com­ Speaker, I would like to draw the atten­ year after year, it becomes a major parable cut in Government spending. This tion of my colleagues to the latest assault source of economic instability. Such defi­ is why the national debt limit wm have to on the legislative powers of the Congress cits as we have had since 1960 have be jacked up to over $604 billion by 1976. by the executive branch. I speak of the added enormously to artificial demand If Government continues borrowing more recent regulations pertaining to equal and more money from the public, private issued for 2oods and services. They have thus borrowers wlll continue being deprived of credit guarantees for women by seen directly responsible for upward lendable funds and interest rates wlll be the Federal Reserve Board. The proposed price pressures. hU!:her. regulations as revised in September do Heavy borrowing by government-­ Consider the staggering economic impact not meet the full intent of that law and, now taking more than 60 percent of all 1f Government takes more lendable money in fact, go a long way toward circum­ available lendable money in the coun­ from the private sector: venting specific guidelines laid down by try-has also been a major factor in the All commercial and industrial loans in the 93d Congress. 32508 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE October 9, 1975 This act was passed by the 93d Con­ tended for the civil liability provisions to After all, what's in a name? If I am an gress in recognition of the need to im­ be an empty shell. American because I was born in this coun­ try, which I w.as; or because I elected to mediately remedy problems caused by In summary, Mr. Speaker, I would like leave my country of birth to seek sanctuary cur.il"ent discriminatory practices used by to add that the issues I have discussed in America, it does not matter whether I many lending institutions in granting of are but a few of the questions I have re­ was born in Mexico, or France, or Russia. credit to women. I had hoped that im­ garding the revised regulations. It does Nor does it matter whether my skin is white, plementation of these provisions of Pub­ seem to me, however, that we must not or black, or brown; or whether I have an lic Law 93-495 would rid us completely let the executive branch or bureaucratic accent that identifies me with a specific of such discriminatory techniques which and irresponsible independent agen­ ethnic group. What does matter is that I am have plagued women for so long. I have, cies continue to take over our function. an American, and by virtue of being an We, the Congress, carry the power and American, I am no different than any of it seems, hoped in vain since the revised my other fellow Americans. regulations proposed in September do burden of making the laws and the Ex­ I love my country and will gladly die to not even approach the complete protec­ ecutive carries the function of imple­ preserve it. And, in spite of its faults or any tion envisioned by my colleagues when menting the laws we make. I think we disagreement I may have with my fellow they enacted this important legislation. should stop letting agencies such as the Americans about what America is or should It is even more discouraging to realize Fed take over our function by legislat­ be all about, I will never stop loving it, and that many of the safeguards I speak of ing via regulations that have no rela­ will always defend it. were contained in the initial regulations tion to the intent of the law. In this America, to me, epitomizes a system of published by the Board on April 25, 1975, particular case, a majority of the popu­ government, and its people, in perfect bal­ ance. It is a true democracy. Conceived with and then, by Executive flat, were deleted lation of this country is depending on the best of intentions by its founding in revised regulations published on Sep­ us to see that this landmark legislation fathers, and nurtured with generations of re­ tember 10. is not distorted because of inconvenience sponsible and dedicated Americans, it has I would like to point out that the Fed to the creditors and lack of interest by grown to become the true cradle of modern has totally ignored the effective date for the Fed. Democracy. And while many have dared to implementation laid out in the act. Un­ shift the balance of power between the gov­ der section 707 it is specified that the ernment and its people, I worry not about I LOVE YOU, AMERICA San Jose Chapter, American. GI Forum, its title VII provisions would go into effect future, because Democracy and its virtues 1 year after the date of enactment, which will never perish on the soil of America or was October 28, 1974. Therefore, as leg­ the face of the earth. islators, it seems we could reasonably HON.Ede la GARZA I am proud of America because it exempli­ expect that the protections of this law OF TEXAS fies to the world an alternative to systems of would indeed be in force no later than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES government where people either live in fear, are oppressed, or are less able to govern their October 28, 1975. In section 202.13 of Wednesday, October 8, 1975 the revised regulations, however, the destiny or the destiny of their children. May­ Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, never be to them their system of government is Board calls for "transition periods" re­ better and they prefer it more than they lating to rules on major areas in which have I encountered a better and more do ours. If that is what they believe, so be it. past offenses have occurred and which moving exposition of what it means to To me there is no place like America, and are principal to the intent of the law. be an American than I read recently in I'd rather be here than there. Despite the fact .that Congress directed the publication La Voz de Ser, published I love my fellow Americans and respect that this law be in effect by the end of by Jobs for Progress, Inc., in San An­ them, be they rich or poor, Black or Brown, next month, the Fed has chosen to leg­ tonio, Tex. tall or short, Democrats or Republicans. I This eloquent article was written by love them because I neither see them as a islate its own final date of November threat to my future, or as competitors for 1976, for full compliance with the act. It Hugo H. Bayona, a member of the San that piece of bread on my table, but because is indeed deplorable that this unilateral Jose Chapter of the American GI Forum. I see them as people who have the sa.me right action by the Fed will mean that women It was first published in the Forumeer, as I to the resources and benefits of a so­ face another year of discriminatory the GI forum newsletter, and reprinted ciety which we and our ancestors have cre­ practices. in La Voz de Ser by the discerning editor, ated for the benefit of all. I would also like to point out weak­ Jake Rodriguez. I see it as my responsibility to vote, to work Listen to the words of Hugo Bayona: toward the betterment of my community, to nesses relaJting to the civil liability sec­ care about those who are less fortunate than tions of the law. The Board failed to in­ America means a great deal to' me. It I. And if I am critical of my fellow Americans clude in its revised regulations a require­ means peace of mind, a land of opportunity, for trespassing upon the rights of others, it ment for explanation of denial of credit a place where my children c.an grow without is not because I seek to turn them against fear and achieve most, if not all, of their me, but because it is the responsibility of by the creditor and has indicated that it dreams. A country to which I can look with is only necessary for creditors to keep every American to fight for and defend the pride and never be ashamed to claim as rights of his fellow 4mericans. applications and related documents for a mine. I view America as a country where hard period of 1 year. These regulations can Mr. Speaker, wishing to share the en­ work and self-determination are the key to hardly meet the intent of the Congress in tire text of this patriotic statement with success: as a country whose creative and imposing a system of redress for griev­ imaginative people have built a technology my colleagues, I include Mr. Bayona's second to none; as a country whose deep con­ ance under the law, and, in fact, almost article as part of my remarks: cern for world peace and the welfare of other make it impossible for the system de­ I LoVE You, AMERICA nations has been the rule rather than the signed by the Congress to be used at all. {By Hugo H. Bayona) exception. America means a great deal to me. It As an attorney I am well aware of the Some people call me Chicano. Others refer length of time involved in civil suits and means peace of mind, a land of opportunity, to me as M.exican American or even as Pocho. a place where my children can grow without the need for documentation of claims Some even think of me as a Mexican because fear and achieve most, if not all, of their made under this type of a law. These my face is brown and my speech betrays my dreams. A country to which I can look with early upbringing. To me, however, it matters pride and never be ashamed to claim as mine. provisions are not realistic at all in terms not how people think or refer to me, or what of the burdens under which our system I will not be critical of America. At least labels I ascribe to myself, because I am, not today. Because today all I wish to say is: of justice is currently operating and I, for have always been, and wm always be an God Bless America! Thank You America! one, do not think the 93d Congress in- American. Peace and Goodwill to All.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Thursday, October 9, 1975 The House met ait 10 o'clock a.m. praise You for the freedom of choice. of this House to make choices and deci­ Dr. E. W. Mueller, Brandon Lutheran While You are involved in the affairs of sions in the best interests of mankind. Church, Brandon, S. Dak., offered the this Earth, You have given people the With freedom of choice goes responsibil­ following prayer: responsibility to care for the Earth and ity and accountability in which all citi­ Father, God, we have cause to praise one another. zens share. You for many reasons. At this time we The citizens have elected the Members Dear God, we ask that You give to