DOCSLIB.ORG

Does Legitimacy Matter for Intrastate Armed Conflict?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Does Legitimacy Matter for Intrastate Armed Conflict? Does Legitimacy Matter for Intrastate Armed Conflict? Does Legitimacy Matter for Intrastate Armed Conflict? Fenja Søndergaard Møller PhD Dissertation Politica © Forlaget Politica and the author 2019 ISBN: 978-87-7335-250-2 Cover: Svend Siune Print: Fællestrykkeriet, Aarhus University Layout: Annette Bruun Andersen Submitted March 28, 2019 The public defense takes place June 3, 2019 Published June 2019 Forlaget Politica c/o Department of Political Science Aarhus BSS, Aarhus University Bartholins Allé 7 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Table of contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... 9 Preface ........................................................................................................................ 11 Chapter 1: Introduction .............................................................................................. 13 1.1 The research gap ............................................................................................... 15 1.2 The structure of the dissertation summary ..................................................... 16 Chapter 2: The conflict literature and legitimacy ...................................................... 19 2.1 Motives: Greed and grievance .......................................................................... 19 2.2 Opportunities and feasibility .......................................................................... 20 2.3 Regime types .................................................................................................... 21 2.4 War types ........................................................................................................ 22 2.5 Horizontal grievance ....................................................................................... 23 2.6 Subnational factors ......................................................................................... 24 2.7 Summary ......................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 3: Main contributions ................................................................................. 29 3.1 The theoretical contribution ........................................................................... 29 3.2 The methodologically contribution ................................................................ 30 3.3 The empirical contribution .............................................................................. 31 Chapter 4: The understanding of legitimacy ............................................................ 35 4.1 The definition of legitimacy ............................................................................ 35 4.2 Object and subject .......................................................................................... 38 4.3 Normative or empirical? ................................................................................. 39 4.4 Legitimacy and related concepts .................................................................... 40 4.4.1 Legitimacy and grievance ........................................................................ 40 4.4.2 Political support, trust and consent ......................................................... 41 4.5 Modes of legitimacy: sources, claims and actual levels ................................. 44 Chapter 5: Sub-components of legitimacy and their sources................................... 47 5.1 Breaking down a multidimensional concept .................................................. 47 5.2 Representative legitimacy ............................................................................... 50 5.3 Performance legitimacy ................................................................................... 51 5.3.1 Material performance legitimacy............................................................. 52 5.3.2 Immaterial performance legitimacy ....................................................... 52 5.4 Summary ......................................................................................................... 53 Chapter 6: Measurement of legitimacy ..................................................................... 55 6.1 Existing approaches to measurement ............................................................. 55 6.2 Measurement in this dissertation .................................................................... 57 6.2.1 Challenges related to survey data ............................................................ 62 6.2.2 Endogeneity ............................................................................................. 63 5 Chapter 7: Legitimacy and expected effects on intrastate armed conflict ................ 65 7.1 What kind of conflicts? .................................................................................... 65 7.2 Motives matter................................................................................................. 66 7.3 Overall effects of legitimacy ............................................................................ 67 7.4 The likelihood of intrastate armed conflict ..................................................... 68 7.4.1 Masses and minorities .............................................................................. 70 Chapter 8: Effects of traditional legitimacy .............................................................. 73 8.1 Middle Eastern monarchies (Paper 1) ............................................................. 73 8.2 The Kingdom of Swaziland (Paper 2) ............................................................. 75 Chapter 9: Effects of performance legitimacy ........................................................... 79 9.1 Performance legitimacy in African provinces (Paper 3) ................................. 79 9.2 Immaterial sources of performance legitimacy (Paper 4) .............................. 81 Chapter 10: Conclusion ............................................................................................. 83 10.1 Main findings ................................................................................................. 83 10.2 Policy implications ........................................................................................ 86 10.3 Suggestions for future conflict research........................................................ 87 References .................................................................................................................. 89 Short summary .......................................................................................................... 97 Dansk resumé ............................................................................................................ 99 6 List of figures Figure 1. The four papers and the main variables ..................................................... 17 Figure 2. Legitimacy and related concepts ............................................................... 43 Figure 3. Dimensions of legitimacy and possible sources ........................................ 54 Figure 4. The causal links between horizontal inequalities and civil war ................ 68 Figure 5. Motives, opportunities and legitimacy ...................................................... 69 Figure 6. Probabilities of armed conflict onset ........................................................ 74 Figure 7. Discrimination and probabilities of armed conflict onset ......................... 75 Figure 8. Trust in Swaziland and other African countries ....................................... 76 Figure 9. Performance legitimacy and violent conflicts in geocoded provinces ...... 80 Figure 10. Liberalization and protest escalation ...................................................... 82 List of tables Table 1. Overview of the conflict literature and the role of legitimacy ..................... 26 Table 2. Selected definitions of legitimacy ............................................................... 37 Table 3. The differences between legitimacy and grievance ..................................... 41 Table 4. Dimensions of legitimacy ............................................................................ 50 Table 5. Approaches to measurement of legitimacy ................................................. 60 Table 6. Overview of main findings related to the four papers ................................ 85 7 Acknowledgements Almost six years ago, I took the train from Copenhagen to Aarhus to meet with two researchers at the Department of Political Science, Morten Valbjørn and Jørgen Møller. We were discussing my potential PhD project. Later the same day, I had a meeting with the former PhD coordinator, Peter Munk Christian- sen. I told him that I would love to become a PhD student at the department. However, I wanted him to know that I was pregnant. His answer was some- thing like this: “No problem, most of our PhDs have children during the PhD process. Some of them even manage to have two.” From that moment, I knew that I was in the right place. Excellent research, interesting courses, brilliant teaching and room for parenthood. That was a dream scenario. My husband and I decided to move to Aarhus and I have never regretted that decision. I have enjoyed every course, presentation and workshop at the department – and eventually my husband and I broke the record and had three wonderful kids during my time as a PhD student. I literally have hundreds of people to thank. Foremost, my two supervisors did an excellent job of guiding me through
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Boer War Association Queensland
    Boer War Association Queensland Queensland Patron: Major General Professor John Pearn, AO RFD (Retd) Monumentally Speaking - Queensland Edition Committee Newsletter - Volume 12, No. 1 - March 2019 As part of the service, Corinda State High School student, Queensland Chairman’s Report Isabel Dow, was presented with the Onverwacht Essay Medal- lion, by MAJGEN Professor John Pearn AO, RFD. The Welcome to our first Queensland Newsletter of 2019, and the messages between Ermelo High School (Hoërskool Ermelo an fifth of the current committee. Afrikaans Medium School), South Africa and Corinda State High School, were read by Sophie Verprek from Corinda State Although a little late, the com- High School. mittee extend their „Compli- ments of the Season‟ to all. MAJGEN Professor John Pearn AO, RFD, together with Pierre The committee also welcomes van Blommestein (Secretary of BWAQ), laid BWAQ wreaths. all new members and a hearty Mrs Laurie Forsyth, BWAQ‟s first „Honorary Life Member‟, was „thank you‟ to all members who honoured as the first to lay a wreath assisted by LTCOL Miles have stuck by us; your loyalty Farmer OAM (Retd). Patron: MAJGEN John Pearn AO RFD (Retd) is most appreciated. It is this Secretary: Pierre van Blommestein Chairman: Gordon Bold. Last year, 2018, the Sherwood/Indooroopilly RSL Sub-Branch membership that enables „Boer decided it would be beneficial for all concerned for the Com- War Association Queensland‟ (BWAQ) to continue with its memoration Service for the Battle of Onverwacht Hills to be objectives. relocated from its traditional location in St Matthews Cemetery BWAQ are dedicated to evolve from the building of the mem- Sherwood, to the „Croll Memorial Precinct‟, located at 2 Clew- orial, to an association committed to maintaining the memory ley Street, Corinda; adjacent to the Sherwood/Indooroopilly and history of the Boer War; focus being descendants and RSL Sub-Branch.
    [Show full text]
  • 11010329.Pdf
    THE RISE, CONSOLIDATION AND DISINTEGRATION OF DLAMINI POWER IN SWAZILAND BETWEEN 1820 AND 1889. A study in the relationship of foreign affairs to internal political development. Philip Lewis Bonner. ProQuest Number: 11010329 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010329 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The Swazi kingdom grew out of the pressures associated with competition for trade and for the rich resources of Shiselweni. While centred on this area it acquired some of its characteristic features - notably a regimental system, and the dominance of a Dlamini aristocracy. Around 1815 the Swazi came under pressure from the South, and were forced to colonise the land lying north of the Lusutfu. Here they remained for some years a nation under arms, as they plundered local peoples, and were themselves swept about by the currents of the Mfecane. In time a more settled administration emerged, as the aristocracy spread out from the royal centres at Ezulwini, and this process accelerated under Mswati as he subdued recalcitrant chiefdoms, and restructured the regiments.
    [Show full text]
  • Thabani Thwala 0007581D Master of Arts (History
    The Politics of Placing Princes in Historical and Contemporary Swaziland Thabani Thwala 0007581d Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts (History) of the University of Witwatersrand Supervisor: Professor Bonner Johannesburg 2013 1 Chapter 1: Introduction This research report is an exercise which seeks to understand centre-regional disputes, which are now nearly two centuries old, between the Swazi royal house, and the subordinate chiefdoms of the Magagula, Tfwala, Mabuza, all located in central Swaziland, and the Fakudze of Macetjeni in the Lubombo region. It seeks to investigate what has become an increasingly critical and controversial issue in Swazi society and Swazi politics: the relationship between princes and chiefs. It will also highlight the central importance of history, or at least historical assertion, in the assumption of political power in earlier and contemporary Swaziland. These issues have attracted some attention from scholars but not nearly as much as they deserve. Centre-regional relations between kings and subordinate chiefs are on the whole neglected in Swazi historiography. This thesis seeks to correct this anomaly by exploring local, regional, and national dynamics which strained the relationship between centre and region, and to show how the former has grappled with the problem of recalcitrant chiefs in a bid to retain its power position through suppression of the latter who have constantly sought to reclaim lost autonomy. The present history of Swaziland is one that glorifies the Dlamini dynasty and projects a one-sided picture of historical events in Swaziland. For instance, it is contended that Swaziland is a homogenous, democratic and peaceful country.
    [Show full text]
  • Simbimba Ndlela 1982] 1
    [Simbimba Ndlela 1982] 1 STILL TO ADD LEFT-OUT PAGES (A2) SIMBIMBA NDLELA - SYNOPSIS (PB) Editor's note We have reproduced in this volume two interviews conducted with Simbimba Ndlela. The first was conducted at the behest of the late Swazi King, Sobhuza II. The second interview, conducted over two days, some months apart was conducted by Carolyn Hamilton. Simbimba Ndlela's narrative poses tremendous difficulties for the first time reader, but in the opinion of the editors is especially rich in historical detail. In particular, Simbimba Ndlela's narrative is marked by a distinctive narrative style. We have retained his style of narrative at the expense of facilitating a reading of the text. To help the reader, we have provided an especially long synopsis. This interview contains information not previously known to the others present at the interview, who include in their number three of the most knowledgeable about Swazi history. It is also interesting among other things because of disputes between the interviewers and the interviewee over the burial sites of early Swazi kings and the status of Ndvungunye, the father of Somhlolo. The chronological beginning of Simbimba's account is the reign of King Mswati. Mswati ruled at Mtomazi at Bhaca in Mzimkhulu at the place of the Mpondo people. The location of these places are not made clear in the interview, but they have southern connotations and they might be located in the Matubatuba region. The home of Ludvonga's chief wife, and is close to the site of Ntjumbili ngwelele. After being warned that a Zulu (in this case probably an Ndwandwe king) was about to force Mswati to teach him the secrets of the incwala, Mswati fled, skirting the Lubombo mountains until he reached Mavaneni in the area of Ngogweni at Mangwaneni probably on the eastern [re: illegible] of the Phongolo River in the vicinity of Kosi Bay.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Nhlabatsi Synopsis
    [ (B82)Nyandza Nhlabatsi] 1 Nhlabatsi Synopsis (PB) The second testimony deals only with the history of the Nhlabatsi and explicates puzzling aspects of the 1970 testimony. It begins with a genealogy of the Nhlabatsi. The speaker Nyandza is born of Mzila, born of Zameya, born of Manimani, born of Mantini, born of Langa who he thinks is born of Nhlabatsi. Somhlolo is claimed to be the brother of Nhlabatsi. Manimani was installed at Mbelebeleni (or Dwaleni) by Somhlolo. He was responsible for cattle there. Manimani objected when Somhlolo married his sister LoZinyanga. He was killed for this offence. Manimani son's Zameya and Mnyamane quarrelled over the succession. Somhlolo arbitrated and installed Zameya. This decision seems to have been unpopular and Zameya was warned by Sibandze tindvuna of a plot against him. He fled to Somhlolo. Somhlolo sent two representatives, a Mavimbela man and a Mathungwa man, to take Zameya to Bhukwane. The king separated Zameya and Mnyamane. Mnyamane remained in the New Haven area. Zameya was given a new chiefdom. rejected [Date of print-out: 28 4 2016 12:02] 2 RE: THIS INTERVIEW WAS DONE WHEN WE WERE STILL STANDARDISING VARIANT PRONUNCIATION IN THE TEXT TO WHAT WE CONSIDERED TO BE THE CORRECT SISWATI ORTHOGRAPHY - NEED TO CHANGE BACK TO JOTTER-FORMAT Endnote format as done by CH in first edit Title:'... it appears that the king selected a young girl.' Date: 3 September 1983 Interviewed at: kaZameyai Narrators: Nyandza Nhlabatsiii (NN) (libutfo: Balondolozi)iii Danyela Nhlabatsiiv (DN) (libutfo: Masotja) Hlobane Nhlabatsiv (HN) (libutfo: Sikhonyane) Elias Dlamini (ED) (libutfo: Malindane) Information heard from: Mzila Nhlabatsivi (libutfo: Nyonibovu) Also present: Gaka Dlamini (libutfo: Sikhonyane) Macigane Tfwala (libutfo: Malindane) Abraham Dlamini (libutfo: Malindane) Sibangani Tfwalavii (libutfo: Masotja) Les Witzviii rejected Interviewers: Carolyn Hamilton (CH) Henry'Hlahlamehlo'Dlamini (HD) Transcriber and Translator: Billy Mavimbela.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating College Teaching
    in Action EXCELLENCE It’s happening every day at Kent State University. The 15th Annual Conference Celebrating College Teaching Oct. 30–31, 2008 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Celebrating College Teaching comes to you through the generosity of Kent State University, the Kent State University Alumni Association, the Faculty Professional Development Center, the Gerald H. Read Distinguished Lecture Series and the University Teaching Council. The conference committee thanks the following for their invaluable assistance: Daily Kent Stater Faculty Professional Development Center Human Resource System Mail Service Media Services New Media Development Office of the President Office of the Provost ONTAP Pan-African Studies, Pat Simpson Parking Services School of Exercise, Leisure and Sport, Alice Hyer and Susan Meindl Teleproductions Transportation Services University Conference Bureau University Dining Service University Communications and Marketing, Flash Communication Students Be sure to save the date for next year’s conference! Oct. 29 and 30, 2009 Visit the UTC conference Web site at http://dept.kent.edu/utc/conference/index.html. You may also call Dr. Kimberly Peer at 330-672-0231 or e-mail her at [email protected]. ii November 2007 Dear Conference Participants: On behalf of the Kent State University community, it is my great pleasure to welcome you to our Kent Campus and to our 14th annual “Celebrating College Teaching” conference. With thought- provoking keynote speeches, round tables, breakout sessions that always spark lively discussions, and the great tradition of the Distinguished Teaching Awards and Outstanding Teaching Awards cer- emonies, this annual gathering is designed to be edifying and enjoyable no matter where you are on your academic career path.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download the Document
    Main activity of Nationality which Place of incorporation or Name and position of Name of registrant Area of interest Telephone Email address business registrant is organised establishment contact person WoodyB Power Ltd Supplying Renewable Offering a comprehensive turnkey The Kingdom of Eswatini 1st Floor, Oribi Court, Gwamile Mike Clark – CEO, +27 714 111 414 [email protected] Energy solutions solution for supplying the 40MW Str Managing Director biomass-energy capacity required PO Box 226, Mbabane Eswatini Sustainable Renewable energy Development of solar PV farm The Kingdom of Eswatini 110 Dzeliwe Street, Mbabane Greg Herbst (Managing Cell: +268 7603 0066 / +27 [email protected] Energy Pty Ltd developer with focus Local funding sources (debt and Director) 82 966-6371 (SA) on Solar PV equity) Total Eren IPP, Investor IPP, Investor France 37 rue la Pérouse 75016 Paris, Max Lander, Business +33783616581 [email protected] France Developer Thebe Solar Energy Renewable Energy Build, Operate and Maintain South Africa Unit4, Building 5, Fairways Office Gert Linde +27210100777 [email protected] (Pty) Ltd Project Renewable Energy Projects on a Park, Niblick Way, Somerset Project Development PPA bases for up West Director to 20 Years SG Hlophe Attorneys Transaction Developers, Investors, EPC The Kingdom of Eswatini Mbabane House, Office N0.6 Sikhumbuzo G. Hlophe +26824047123 [email protected] Advisors/Promoters Contractors Opposite Mbabane City council Managing Partner AGUNDZA Energy Developers Energy development for solar
    [Show full text]
  • State History and Contemporary Conflict: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
    State History and Contemporary Conflict: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa Emilio Depetris-Chauvin - Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile LSE-Stanford-Universidad de los Andes Conference on Long-Run Development in Latin America, London School of Economics and Political Science, 16-17 May 2018 STATE HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY CONFLICT: EVIDENCE FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA* Emilio Depetris-Chauvin† Abstract I examine empirically the role of historical political centralization on the likelihood of con- temporary civil conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. I combine a wide variety of historical sources to construct an original measure of long-run exposure to statehood at the sub-national level. I then exploit variation in this new measure along with geo-referenced conflict data to document a robust negative relationship between long-run exposure to statehood and contemporary conflict. From a variety of identification strategies, I provide evidence suggesting that the relationship is causal. I argue that regions with long histories of statehood are better equipped with mechanisms to establish and preserve order. I provide two pieces of evidence consistent with this hypothesis. First, regions with relatively long historical exposure to statehood are less prone to experience conflict when hit by a negative economic shock. Second, exploiting contemporary individual-level survey data, I show that within-country long historical statehood experience is linked to people’s positive attitudes toward state institutions and traditional leaders. JEL Code: D74, N47,
    [Show full text]
  • University of Swaziland Institute of Post Graduate
    UNIVERSITY OF SWAZILAND INSTITUTE OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION PAPER, DECEMBER 2015 TITLE OF PAPER: TEXT ANALYSIS IN HISTORY COURSE CODE: H626 TIME ALLOWED: THREE (3) HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: SELECT ONE (1) TEXT ONLY FOR ANALYSIS. ALL WORDS, PHRASES A~D SENTENCES FOR ANALYSIS MUST BE UNDERLINED. DO NOT OPEN PAPER UNTIL THE INVIGILATOR HAS GRANTED PERMISSION TEXTl British Colonization ofSwaziland and .... the Swazi Monarchy Contact with the British came early in Mswati's reign, when he asked British authorities in South Africa for assistance against Zulu raids into Swaziland. It was also during Mswati's reign that the first whites, TransvaaIJ30er~, settled in~!lJ.~ country. Foll()~g Mswati's. death, the . Swazis reached agreements with British and South African Republic authorities over a range of issues, including independence, claims on resources by Europeans, administrative authority, and security, though the white parties later reneged on those agreements. Over Swazi protests, the South African Republic with British concurrence established incomplete colonial rule over Swaziland from 1894 to 1899, when they withdrew their administration with the start of the Anglo­ Boer War. In 1902 British forces entered the territory, proclaiming British overrule and jurisdiction in 1903, initially as part of the Transvaal. In 1906 Swaziland was separated administratively when the Transvaal Colony was granted responsible government. Swaziland was indirectly involved in the Second Boer War (1899­ 1902). The beginning ofthe conflict found the territory administrated by the South African Republic, with the colonial headquarters set at Bremersdorp. In September, 1899, with war considered imminent, the colonists started evacuating the area.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of SWAZILAND INSTITUTE of POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT of Mstory
    UNIVERSITY OF SWAZILAND INSTITUTE OF POST GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF mSTORY SECOND SEMESTER EXAMINATION, MAY 2016 TITLE OF PAPER: TEXT ANALYSIS IN HISTORY COURSE CODE: HIS608/H626 TIME ALLOWED: THREE (3) HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: • ANSWER ONE (1) QUESTION ONLY. • Make sure that the text you are analysing is well compartmentalised and the selected issues for analysis are underlined. • Stick strictly to the methodology oftext analysis. DO NOT OPEN THIS PAPER UNTIL THE INVIGILATOR HAS GRANTED PERMISSION TEXT 1 Issues in the History of Swaziland from Mswati II to the Establishment of the British Protectorate Contact with the British came early in Mswati II's reign, when he asked British authorities in South Africa for assistance against Zulu raids into Swaziland. It was also during Mswati's reign that the first whites, Transvaal Boers, settled in the country. Following Mswati's death, the Swazis reached agreements with British and South African Republic authorities over a range of issues ..... Over Swazi protests, the South African Republic with British concurrence established incomplete colonial rule over Swaziland from 1894 to 1899, when they withdrew their administration with the start ofthe Anglo-Boer War. Swaziland was indirectly involved in the Second Boer War (1899-1902). The beginning of the conflict found the territory administrated by the South African Republic, with the colonial headquarters set at Bremersdorp. In September, 1899, with war considered imminent, the colonists started evacuating the area. Ngwane V of Swaziland (Bhunu) was informed that the area would be left in his care during the absence of the white residents. The Swaziland Police under Sgt Opperman started practicing for war while issuing rifles and ammunition to remaining burghers.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF Datastream
    GUNS, PARASITES, AND STATES: THREE ESSAYS ON COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND POLITICAL ECONOMY BY EMILIO DEPETRIS CHAUVIN B.A., UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES, 2003 M.A., BROWN UNIVERSITY, 2009 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AT BROWN UNIVERSITY PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2014 c Copyright 2014 by Emilio Depetris Chauvin To Jennifer with all my love and deepest gratitude This dissertation by Emilio Depetris Chauvin is accepted in its present form by the Department of Economics as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date David Weil, Adviser Recommended to the Graduate Council Date Pedro Dal B´o, Reader Date Stylianos Michalopoulos, Reader Date Brian Knight, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date Peter Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii Vita Emilio Depetris Chauvin was born on September 3th, 1979 in Buenos Aires, Ar- gentina. He earned his Bachelor’s degree from Universidad de Buenos Aires in 2003. He started his graduated studies in Argentina and completed all the course work for the M.A. in Economics at Universidad de San Andr´es. Before joining Brown Univer- sity, he worked as an economist in several think tanks and as country economist for the World Bank in Argentina. He enrolled in Brown University’s Economics Ph.D. program in 2008 and obtained his M.A. in Economics in 2009. While at Brown, he was a fellow of the Initiative in Spatial Structures in the Social Sciences (S4). In the course of his graduate school career, he was awarded a Brown Graduate School Fellowship, the Abramson Prize for Best Third-year Research Paper, a Merit Disser- tation Fellowship, and the Professor Borts Prize for Oustanding Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Powers of the Swazi Monarch in Terms of Swazi Law and Custom Past, Present and the Future
    A STUDY OF THE POWERS OF THE SWAZI MONARCH IN TERMS OF SWAZI LAW AND CUSTOM PAST, PRESENT AND THE FUTURE. A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF LAWS of RHODES UNIVERSITY by PHUMLILE TINA KHOZA May 2002 -1- , -- " TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements Abstract Contents Glossary of Siswati words and phrases Abbreviations Table of Cases Documents Table of Statutes Bibliography -2- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the following people, for their invaluable assistance. My supervisor Professor RB Mqeke, for his support · and guidance. My friends, Sizakele Hlatshwayo-Mhlanga and Sinethemba Khumalo for assisting me with my research. My family Mr P Khoza, Mrs EN Khoza, Nonkululeko and Francisco for their emotional and material support. -3- ABSTRACT The thesis covers the branches of law known as Constitutional law and Customary law. It focuses on the powers of the Swazi monarch, which are based on a combination of the received Western law and Swazi custom. For the purposes of this study, therefore, Swazi law and custom shall be taken to include both the statutory law and the yet unwritten customary law. Swaziland is black Africa's only remaining traditional monarchy, ruled as it is by the Ngwenyama, an indigenous institution, whose origin is derived from custom.1 The resilience of this ancient system of government in a continent where modernisation and constitutional democracy among other factors have led to its extinction is phenomenal, particularly because some commentqtors have described traditionalism in modern Africa as an "embarrassing anachronism.',2 In Swaziland the monarchy continues to be a vibrant system and the nation is currently engaged in a process of not only codifying the customary law but also of drafting the constitution of the country.3 One of the key areas of concern is the question of the distribution of power between the monarch and the people under the proposed constitution.
    [Show full text]