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Versión 28 De Abril Lista de chequeo de las aves de Colombia: Una síntesis del Artículo estado del conocimiento desde Hilty & Brown (1986) Checklist of the birds of Colombia: A synthesis of the state of knowledge since Hilty and Brown (1986) Jorge Enrique Avendaño1, Clara Isabel Bohórquez2, Loreta Rosselli3, Diana Arzuza-Buelvas4, Felipe A. Estela5,6, Andrés M. Cuervo7, F. Gary Stiles8 & Luis Miguel Renjifo9 1Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia 2Asociación Bogotana de Ornitología, Bogotá, Colombia 3Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales U.D.C.A., Bogotá, Colombia Ornitología Colombiana Ornitología 4Manchester Museum, University of Manchester, UK 5Asociación para el Estudio y Conservación de las Aves Acuáticas en Colombia – CALIDRIS 6Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Físicas y Matemáticas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Colombia 7Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva, Colombia 8Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia 9Departamento de Ecología y Territorio, Facultad de Estudios Ambientales y Rurales, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Resumen La taxonomía y conocimiento de la distribución de la avifauna colombiana ha sufrido grandes cambios desde la publicación de “A Guide to the Birds of Colombia” por Hilty & Brown (1986), a tal punto que hoy no se sabe con precisión cuántas y colombiana/ colombiana/ cuáles especies de aves existen en el territorio colombiano. Presentamos la lista de chequeo de la avifauna de Colombia a - agosto de 2017 con base en la revisión de 340 referencias relacionadas con la distribución de la avifauna colombiana. En total, reportamos 1909 especies de aves para el territorio continental e insular del país, de las cuales 216 han sido adicionadas principalmente a partir de 1986. Aunque existe información novedosa sobre distribución para cerca del 66% de la avifauna colombiana, la mayoría de las publicaciones (87%) y registros (53%) se concentran al occidente de la cordillera ornitologia Oriental (región transandina). Con base en esta información identificamos aquellas áreas del país con vacíos de - conocimiento que ameritan mayor interés por parte de los investigadores. Además, estimulamos a la comunidad ornitológica a publicar la información inédita represada, al igual que mejorar la evidencia que soporta los registros novedosos para el país. Palabras clave: Ampliaciones de distribución, avifauna colombiana, biodiversidad, endemismo, especies nuevas Abstract The taxonomy and knowledge of the distribution of Colombian avifauna has undergone great changes since the publication of “A Guide to the Birds of Colombia” by Hilty & Brown (1986) to the extent that we are unaware of how many and which species inhabit the Colombian territory. Here, we present a checklist of the birds of Colombia updated to August 2017 with a review of 340 references dealing with the distribution of Colombian birds. In sum, we report 1909 species for continental and insular Colombia, 216 of which have been added mainly since 1986. Although there are new data on distribution from 66% of the Colombian avifauna, most publications (87%) and new records (53%) are concentrated to the west of the Eastern cordillera (trans-Andean region). Based on the data we identify those regions of the country with knowledge gaps, which deserve more interest from researchers. Moreover, we encourage the ornithological community to publish their unpublished data and to improve the evidence supporting future new records for the country. Key words: biodiversity, Colombian avifauna, endemism, new species, range extensions Ornitología Colombiana 16: eA01 01 http://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/ http://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/revista Avendaño et al. Introducción 1989; Ridgely & Tudor 1989; Fjeldså & Krabbe 1990; Ridgely & Tudor 1994; Isler & Isler 1999). El estudio de la avifauna colombiana ha desempeñado un papel muy importante en el Numerosos estudios en sistemática (filogenéticos, desarrollo de la ornitología de Suramérica y del morfológicos y comportamentales), además de Neotrópico en general. Importantes síntesis sobre monografías taxonómicas y reportes sobre la taxonomía y zoogeografía de la aves nuevos taxones y ampliaciones de distribución colombianas tales como Chapman (1917), Todd que competen a la avifauna colombiana han sido & Carriker (1922), Meyer de Schauensee (1948- publicados desde Hilty & Brown (1986). Esto deja 52, 1966), Olivares (1969, 1974), Haffer (1975), abierta la pregunta sobre cuántas y cuáles entre otros, consolidaron las bases de la especies de aves existen en el territorio ornitología colombiana, a la vez que potenciaron colombiano de acuerdo al conocimiento actual el desarrollo ornitológico en países limítrofes, por de la sistemática del grupo. Varios autores han ejemplo a manera de guías de campo (Meyer de tratado de dar respuesta a estos interrogantes Schauensee & Phelps Jr 1978). Estos trabajos (Salaman et al. 2001, 2008, McMullan & Donegan estimularon el estudio de aspectos relacionados 2014, Donegan et al. 2009, 2016, Remsen et al. con la ecología, evolución, comportamiento y 2017). Sin embargo, diferentes criterios conservación de las aves. Sin embargo, el taxonómicos y operativos, así como la velocidad a desarrollo científico de la ornitología y diversos la que son actualizados los diferentes listados procesos de conservación a nivel nacional y dados para el país, han resultado en diferentes regional fue acelerado de manera dramática con cifras sobre la diversidad de la avifauna la publicación de la obra de Hilty & Brown (1986) colombiana. Por un lado, la adopción del sistema sobre las aves de Colombia, la cual se considera de puntuación de especies de Tobias et al. (2010) que marcó un hito histórico en la ornitología por parte del Handbook of the Birds of the World Neotropical (Freile & Córdoba-Córdoba 2008, (del Hoyo & Collar 2014, 2016) ha influenciado un Córdoba-Córdoba 2009, Naranjo 2009). incremento más abrupto en el número de especies colombianas debido a separaciones Tres décadas han pasado desde la publicación de taxonómicas (v. gr. Donegan et al. 2014, 2015, la primera edición de “A Guide to the Birds of 2016), sin embargo, debido a que estas Colombia” por S. L. Hilty & W. L. Brown (1986). En separaciones se basan en diferentes tipologías, su momento, la guía describía 1698 especies para pueden no tener sentido biológico. De otro lado, el territorio continental e islas del Pacífico, aunque el South American Classification además de 10 especies registradas solo hasta el Committee de la American Ornithological Society, momento para el Archipiélago de San Andrés, (SACC; Remsen et al. 2017) se basa en un Providencia y Santa Catalina. Quince años más enfoque más riguroso en cuanto a la delimitación tarde, la traducción de la guía al castellano por taxonómica de las especies, su ámbito geográfico Humberto Álvarez-López vino acompañada de restringido principalmente a Suramérica 31 nuevas especies para el país. Sin embargo, continental, así como la pausada actualización de para ese entonces la estructura taxonómica y la lista de especies para Colombia han resultado sistemática de las aves neotropicales comenzaba en una estimación menos extensa de la avifauna a tambalearse producto del advenimiento de del país. técnicas moleculares (Sibley & Ahlquist 1990) y varias obras taxonómicas (Ridgely & Gwynne Con el propósito de resolver estas diferencias Ornitología Colombiana 16: eA01 02 http://asociacioncolombianadeornitologia.org/ Estado del conocimiento de la avifauna colombiana presentamos una lista actualizada a agosto de de campo (e.g. ABO 2000, McNish 2003). Por lo 2017 de la avifauna continental e insular tanto, no se incluyeron registros proporcionados colombiana (Anexo 1). Es nuestro interés que la en informes técnicos, repositorios de registros comunidad ornitológica cuente con una lista de biológicos (e.g. eBird) o comunicaciones chequeo de la avifauna colombiana lo más personales. actualizada posible siguiendo el estándar de clasificación del South American Classification Por otra parte, la lista de chequeo cubre Committee, (SACC). Colombia continental e islas del Caribe (San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina) y Pacífico Complementamos esta contribución con los (Gorgona, Malpelo). Así mismo, cada especie fue cambios taxonómicos efectuados desde Hilty & incluida en la lista de chequeo si su presencia en Brown (Anexo 2), además de un listado de el área es apoyada en evidencia tangible sujeta a especies cuya presencia en el país no ha sido verificación, tal como un espécimen de museo o documentada formalmente, o corresponden a un registro fotográfico, fílmico o sonoro separaciones taxonómicas aun no implementadas publicado. Especies cuya presencia es soportada en el SACC (Anexo 3). Finalmente, presentamos sólo por registros visuales formalmente un listado de las referencias bibliográficas publicados son categorizadas como especies relacionadas con ampliaciones de distribución de hipotéticas (Anexo 1). En el caso particular de las las aves terrestres y acuáticas colombianas especies introducidas, sólo se incluyen en el publicadas desde 1986 (Anexo 4). listado aquellas
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