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Compendio De Las Aves Reportadas En CORANTIOQUIA

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Compendio De Las Aves Reportadas En CORANTIOQUIA CORPORACIÓN AUTÓNOMA REGIONAL DEL CENTRO DE ANTIOQUIA PROYECTO MANEJO Y CONSERVACIÓN DE LA FAUNA COMPENDIO DE LAS AVES REPORTADAS EN LA JURISDICCIÓN DE CORANTIOQUIA INFORME FINAL Contrato No. 6840 Andrés Mauricio Cuervo Maya Biólogo, M.Sc. Interventora: Ana María Arango Ingeniera Forestal – Subdirección Territorial Medellín, Agosto 1 de 2006 TABLA DE CONTENIDO Introducción...............................................................................................................................1 Métodos…..................................................................................................................................2 Compendio de las aves en la jurisdicción de CORANTIOQUIA………………..…...4 Lista de referencias..................................................................................................................45 INTRODUCCIÓN La jurisdicción de la Corporación Autónoma Regional del Centro de Antioquia abarca gran parte del departamento de Antioquia. Los 36,000 km2 van desde el suroeste hasta el nordeste, incluyendo el Valle de Aburrá y el norte de Antioquia. Este territorio es geográficamente complejo al incluir grandes extensiones de las cordilleras Central y Occidental, el cañón del rio Cauca y las planicies del Magdalena medio y del bajo Cauca. La diversidad de hábitats y zonas biogeográficas representadas en la jurisdicción de CORANTIOQUIA hace de todo este territorio de suma importancia desde el punto de vista biológico y prioritario para la conservación. Es bien sabido que Colombia es el país de las aves, teniendo tanta diversidad aviar como ningún otro país. Aún se siguen descubriendo especies nuevas para la ciencia o que corresponden a registros muy novedosos en la medida en que se ha podido hacer investigación en el país. Gran parte de los recientes descubrimientos de aves en el país se han hecho en el departamento de Antioquia, más precisamente en jurisdicción de CORANTIOQUIA. El descubrimiento de Lipaugus weberi en bosques de Anorí y Amalfi (Cuervo et al. 2001), de Scytalopus stilesi en bosques premontanos de la Cordillera Central (Cuervo et al. 2005), Coeligena orina en Farallones del Citará (Krabbe et al. 2005, Pulgarín & Múnera 2005) y cientos de aves nuevas para esta región (e.g., Cuervo et. al 2003, datos sin publicar) son muestra clara que no sólo Antioquia es un departamento aún por descubrir ornitológicamente sino que estamos aún lejos de producir un listado completo de las aves existentes en el departamento o la jurisdicción. El objetivo de este contrato fue producir por primera vez un listado confiable y actualizado de las especies de aves que han sido reportadas en territorio de la jurisdicción de CORANTIOQUIA. Tener un listado de trabajo es indispensable porque constituye la información base para cualquier estudio o acción en biodiversidad. En otras palabras, conocer cuantas y cuales especies hay y en donde están es el primer paso para apreciar y entender la biodiversidad y para emprender acciones de conservación. Este informe suministra un listado de las especies de aves reportadas en las regionales de la jurisdicción de CORANTIOQUIA construida con base en la literatura (ver lista de referencias abajo), en consultas de bases de datos de colecciones científicas y con base en datos personales no publicados. Se espera que este compendio le permita a CORANTIOQUA establecer cuales son las aves y regiones para las que son más prioritarias realizar proyectos de investigación y conservación. 1 MÉTODOS Para la elaboración de la presente lista de las aves de la jurisdicción de CORANTIOQUIA recopilé información de múltiples fuentes (ver lista de referencias abajo). En particular los tratados sobre aves colombianas (e.g. Chapman 1917, Meyer de Schauensee 1948-1952, Hilty & Brown 1986), literatura ornitológica en revistas especializadas (e.g. Sclater & Salvin 1879, Haffer 1967, Graves 1997, Cuervo et al. 2003), listas en reportes sobre estudios de aves entregados a la corporación (e.g. Peña 2000), bases de datos de colecciones de aves en museos de historia natural, así como información personal no publicada todavía. También se revisó la lista preliminar que había sido construida por Ana María Arango para la Corporación hace un par de años. La lista es basada con base en observaciones confiables y evidencias verificables de la presencia de especies de aves en la jurisdicción de CORANTIOQUIA. Las evidencias en ciencia tienen que ser verificables por lo tanto se tiene en cuenta principalmente los especiemenes de museo y las grabaciones de sonidos, y en menor medida los registros visuales auditiovos o en evidencias limitadas como las fotografias. Infortunadamente, para este compendio la región posee una desventaja abismal en comparación con otras regiones del país y es que no se fue posible extraer mucha información de los museos de historia natural, la fuente de información más importante para la biodiversidad y la biología. Esto se debe a que la colecciones de aves realizadas en la región han sido extremadamente pocas, aún son muy incipientes y no parece que este panorama vaya a cambiar mientras exista tanta desinformación sobre las colecciones biológicas en la región. Un reflejo de la falta de colecciones ornitológicas en Antioquia son lo descubrimientos recientes hechos en el departamentos pues si como en otras zonas del país Antioquia contara con relativas buenas colecciones históricas estos descubrimientos tendrían que haberse hecho hace 50 o 100 años. No en vano Antioquia es considerada el secreto mejor guardado de la ornitología colombiana. Quizas muchas especies de aves se han extinguido en los paisajes deforestados que dominan muchas regiones de Antioquia sin saberlo o sin poder haber hecho nada en su momento por desconocimiento, y el conocimiento biologico tiene que tener una fuerte componente en colecciones biologicas. Salvo las pocos datos que se puedan aportar de colecciones hechas en la jurisdicción (de catalogos de museos en linea), el grueso de información que soportará este compendio proviene de otro tipo de datos o datos no verificables por lo la lista debe tomarse con cuidado. El tratamiento taxonómico empleado es el más actual para las aves de Colombia (Remsen et al. 2006) incluyendo el nombre estandarizado en inglés. Los nombres vernáculo en español se tomaron de la guía en español de las aves de Colombia (por Humberto Álvarez-López). Se presenta una columna que contiene otros nombres o sinónimos a la nomenclatura actual que permita la homologación de información 2 desactualizada. En esta base de datos se presenta además información general sobre la distribución de las aves en las ocho regionales de CORANTIOQUIA y las categorías de amenaza nacional y grado de endemismo. 3 COMPENDIO DE LAS AVES EN LA JURISDICCIÓN DE CORANTIOQUIA La tabla a continuación contiene la lista de las especies de aves registradas hasta la fecha en la jurisdicción de la Coporación Autónoma Regional del Centro de Antioquia CORANTIOQUIA. La taxonomía y nomenclatura sigue la lista de chequeo de las aves de Suramerica (SACC) de la American Ornithologists’ Union (Remsen et al. 2006). En la columna “Otra nomenclatura taxonómica” aparecen los nombres de las especies en desuso o usados anteriormente por ejemplo en la guía de aves de Colombia (Hilty & Brown 1986), pero que no corresponde con la taxonomía moderna. En la columna “Categoría de amenaza nacional” se indican las aves en peligro crítico (CR), en peligro (EN), vulnerables (VU), y casi amenazadas (NT), según el Libro Rojo de las aves de Colombia (Renjifo et al. 2002). En la columna “Endemismo” se indican las aves de rango restringido, endémicas o casi endémicas de Colombia según Stiles (1998) y Stattersfield et al. (1998). Encabezando el listado aparece el orden (en mayúsculas) y la familia (en negrilla) seguido por el número de especies correspondiente entre paréntesis. En este compendio se incluyen un total de 860 especies de aves con registros en la jurisdicción de CORANTIOQUIA, de las cuales unas 63 se consideran acá hipotéticas hasta que la evidencia para esas especies no sea del todo constatada. De hecho pueden aparecer en alguna región de la jurisdicción en estudios futuros. Esto deja una lista acumulada de 797 especies de aves incluyendo registros históricos de especies que no se han vuelto a reportar recientemente o accidentales. Las regionales con más reportes fueron Tahamíes, Aburrá Norte y Zenufaná, que no sólo refleja la gran riqueza de aves que poseen sino que el número de estudios en otras regionales ha sido menor, en particulaer en Hevéxicos, Citará y Panzenú. Las 860 especies de la lista están agrupadas en 20 órdenes, 69 familias (sin contra lo tres grupos de especies sin familia asignada o bajo “Incertae Sedis”), y 461 géneros. En esta región hay reportes para 19 especies endémicas para Colombia, de las cuales sobresale el Arriero Antioqueño (Lipaugus weberi), la cual es la única especies cuya distribución está totalmente incluida en territorio de CORANTIOQUIA. Las otras especies endémicas son: Ortalis garrula, Crax alberti, Odontophorus hyperythrus, Coeligena orina, Capito hypoleucus, Picumnus granadensis, Melanerpes pulcher, Grallaria alleni, Scytalopus stilesi, Phylloscartes lanyoni, Myiarchus apicalis, Lipaugus weberi, Bangsia melanochlamys, Chlorochrysa nitidissima, Dacnis hartlaubi, Diglossa gloriosissima, Habia gutturalis, Habia cristata, Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster. Un total de 46 especies amenazadas o casi- amenazadas están en la jurisdicción de CORANTIOQUIA, de las cuales las más prioritarias son: Crax alberti, Ognorhynchus
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