MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 1 – Original contract specification

Appendices

Appendix 1 – Original contract specification

Methodology for Assessment of priorities for international species conservation (MAPISCo)

Competition Details and Project Specification

Competition Code: WC1017 Date for return of tenders: 2nd August 2011 Address for tender submission: Competition Code: WC1017 (the Competition Code must be shown Defra on the envelope and the tender Natural Environment Science Team submitted in line with the instructions in Zone 1/14 the attached guidance, otherwise your Temple Quay House tender may not be accepted) 2 The Square Temple Quay Bristol BS1 6EB Number of electronic & hard copies 1 copy on CD-ROM or 3½” disk, plus required: [2] hard copies Contact for information relating to this Name: Dominic Whitmee project specification: Tel no: 0117 372 3597 e-mail: [email protected] Proposed ownership of Intellectual Defra Property (contractor or Defra): Proposed start-date (if known): September 2011 Proposed end-date (if known): September 2012

Project Specification

BACKGROUND

The UK government is committed to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. A wide range of domestic policies and national and EU legislation are in place which contribute to this objective and assist in the conservation of threatened species, habitats and ecosystems, either directly such as measures that control the keeping or sale of specified species, or indirectly such as controls on the release of pollutants into water courses or the atmosphere.

Internationally the UK is a significant player in a number of multilateral environment agreements and related initiatives which aim to support the conservation and sustainable use of species, habitats and ecosystems. Included amongst these are international conventions on the control of trade in endangered species (CITES) and on the conservation of migratory species (CMS and its subsidiary agreements), and conventions which control the release of damaging pollutants such as the Stockholm Convention. The decisions made by these agreements can often drive the introduction of national policies and controls to assist in the conservation of biodiversity.

Globally, countries are working through these conventions and others to conserve the world’s biodiversity in various ways, such as providing advice or requiring controls on potentially harmful human activities, building capacity in scientific or technical expertise, and direct focus on specific threatened, vulnerable or endangered species. All of these though seek to work towards the conservation and maintenance of a wider healthy environment and the ecosystems within it.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 1 – Original contract specification

At the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP10) in October 2010, Parties including the UK committed to take effective and urgent action to halt the loss of biodiversity in order that by 2020 ecosystems are resilient and continue to provide essential services, thereby securing the planet’s variety of life, and contribute to human well-being and poverty eradication. The UK is determined that its policies make a contribution to this objective and to the specific goals and targets agreed by COP10 (the ‘Aichi Targets’).

Nationally this will be delivered through the implementation of national biodiversity strategies such as the England Biodiversity Strategy and through new policies arising from the Natural Environment White Paper. The White Paper recognises the role that the UK can play internationally in driving actions to enhance the conservation of biodiversity and the importance of international action in delivering the Aichi Targets.

In providing the greatest possible contribution to the delivery of these targets we need to ensure that our policies and priorities for species conservation management internationally are effectively and appropriately targeted. We also need to ensure that the resources we target to species conservation management at an international level deliver the greatest possible contribution.

The aim of this project is to contribute towards ensuring that UK policies for international species conservation make an important and effective contribution towards the Aichi Targets; provide the greatest consequential benefit for the conservation of a wider range of species, habitats, ecosystems and ecosystem services; and draw on the substantial resources here in the UK, such as the wide range of institutes which are global leaders in the study of biodiversity and who help provide the vital data, skills and partnerships required to conserve it.

SPECIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS

Methodology for Assessment of Priorities for International Species Conservation (MAPISCo).

SUMMARY STATEMENT OF REQUIREMENT

To develop and apply a methodology for identifying a selection of species for which targeted conservation action by the UK Government would have the broadest consequential benefits for other species (or taxa), habitats, wider ecosystems, and ecosystem services.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The project’s overarching objective is to identify a small number of priority species (or taxa) which could be a focus for UK efforts to influence relevant species-oriented MEAs, investments and conservation initiatives. In doing so it will:

 Develop and test a methodology for identifying UK priorities for species conservation;

 Draw up lists of potential UK priorities for species conservation at (i) a global scale and (ii) for UK Overseas Territories;

 Assess the policy and management tools relevant to the identified priority species which are expected to be the most cost-effective in delivering broader conservation benefits;

 Demonstrate how action to conserve the identified priority species will contribute to the delivery of the Aichi Targets; and,

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 1 – Original contract specification

 Identify potential opportunities (including capacity building opportunities) in the range countries of the species identified that will assist in securing the long-term sustainability of any UK-backed interventions

ISSUES AND SCOPE

The following issues should be considered in developing and applying an appropriate methodology:

 It should consider species conservation issues at the global level, but giving priority to regions where UK support would make a more significant contribution.

 It must be capable of being re-applied at different spatial scales or to specific species groups.

 It must give equivalent treatment to the identification of animal and plant species1, whether in the marine or terrestrial environments. Special treatment should not be given to or limited to a single taxa, family or species group.

 It must be capable of informing UK government how it can effectively target its resources, whilst also being capable of use or adaption by others.

USES AND USERS OF THE RESULTS

The results will be used by the Department to advise UK Ministers on possible priorities for species conservation policy and action.

An understanding of these priorities will help Ministers to ensure that resources are most effectively targeted to support delivery of the Aichi Targets.

The results will be made publicly available and the method may be applied by other interest Parties, such as national governments to determine national priorities, multilateral intergovernmental bodies to determine priorities at global or regional scales, or by scientific institutions to assess priorities within selected species groups.

DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

The project should as a minimum take account of the following unless otherwise agreed with the Defra contract manager.

Phase 1

The first phase of this project is expected to last about 12 months and will develop and test the methodology for identifying a priority list of species.

The method should, as appropriate, take into account and build on other relevant prioritisation methodologies. It should also consider innovative approaches to the identification of priority species. In doing so it should draw from all relevant and accessible sources of information, including peer-reviewed and grey literature.

1 Whilst the project does not exclude the application of the method to other Kingdoms, it is assumed that the priorities are more likely to be found amongst the better known animal and plant Kingdoms MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 1 – Original contract specification

The method should be capable of clearly demonstrating how its application will help contribute to the UK’s support for delivery of the Aichi Targets agreed by CBD’s COP10. Full details of the strategic goals and the targets agreed by COP10 can be found at http://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/.

The development of the method should identify and consider the full range of policy and management tools available for the protection, conservation and maintenance of species, habitats, ecosystems and ecosystem services, not limited to those most commonly applied. In identifying and considering relevant policy and management tools consideration should be given to their practicability, effectiveness and value for money. The project should assess the wider consequential benefits of the application of these tools to priority species for a wider range of species, habitats, ecosystems and ecosystem services.

The methodology should be capable of being applied at national, regional or global scales so consideration should be given to the scale at which the various management and policy tools would need to be applied to be most effective. It will, for example, be necessary to be able to apply the methodology to identify priorities for species conservation in UK Overseas Territories.

The methodology should use quantitative methods to the full extent practicable.

The project should identify where the UK may have a special role to play for various geographic, political, historical, cultural or institutional reasons. These factors should be taken into account in considering the most effective tools available and in short-listing priority species to ensure that UK investment in the conservation activity for the short-listed species delivers the most effective return.

Expert consultation should be undertaken on all aspects of the development of the methodology to ensure that it can be effectively applied to terrestrial and marine animal and plant species, and is broadly acceptable to relevant experts nationally and internationally, whilst recognising that the primary purpose of this methodology is to inform the UK government how it can most effectively target its resources.

The methodology should be transferable to different situations, for example in identifying priorities for conservation of marine or terrestrial species, and capable of replication. It should be fully documented, clear and understandable to policy advisers and others who may need to use it again in the future, and should be capable of adjustment to reflect changes in the conservation status of identified priority species.

The methodology should be tested on one or more taxonomic groups and reviewed to ensure that it is capable of delivering a priority list at different spatial scales or of selected species groups. It should also be subject to peer review by relevant national and international experts prior to completion to ensure its broad acceptance.

Phase 2

Extension of the project to phase 2 will be subject to evaluation of the methodology developed under phase 1 following peer review. A formal contract review will take place at this stage and a decision will be taken whether to terminate the project or extend it to phase 2.

The second phase of the project is expected to last about 6 months and will apply the methodology developed in phase 1 in drawing up UK priorities for species conservation at a global scale and separately for UK Overseas Territories.

These priority lists should be accompanied by an assessment of the policy and management tools, which are expected to be the most practical and cost-effective in delivering broader conservation MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 1 – Original contract specification benefits. These additional benefits and the species, habitats, ecosystems and ecosystem services to which they apply should be identified with an explanation of how those wider benefits will be achieved.

The project should, as far as practicable, quantify the potential or likely costs and benefits of the application of the different tools available to conservation managers and policy makers, in particular in terms of delivering long-term positive outcomes, and taking account of the current strengths and opportunities provided by UK expertise, experience and institutional capacity.

These lists of priorities should be accompanied by an assessment of how the relevant conservation actions will contribute to delivery of the Aichi Targets.

The project should identify potential opportunities (including capacity building opportunities) in the range countries identified that will assist in securing the long-term sustainability of any UK-backed interventions. UK and global institutions that can support the delivery of these opportunities and any capacity building effort should also be identified.

OUTPUTS

Outputs will be designed to communicate effectively with decision-makers and other stakeholders and will include an interim progress report, a final report, and relevant supporting material in the form of annexes or supplementary documents. Supporting material should include full documenting of the analytical methods used. Other additional outputs and means of communication may be proposed and will be considered by the tender evaluation panel.

PUBLICATION

It is the intention of Defra to publish the results of the work through one or more routes.

A final report of no more than 50 pages covering the policy and scientific background to the work, the methodologies employed, results, conclusions and recommendations suitable for publication on the Internet should be provided. Supporting material may be annexed to the report or presented as additional documents as necessary.

The report will contain a non-technical executive summary of not more than three pages and should be written in Plain English containing headline results and recommendations. If appropriate, papers for referred scientific journals may also be prepared.

In addition, the contractor shall provide an Executive Summary (no more than 2 sides A4) in the format provided in SID 5 at http://www.Defra.gov.uk/forms/2011/03/30/sid5-research-final/

Following any additional peer review considered appropriate, the approved final report suitable for publication must be provided by the contract end date. Further details on publications are given in Annex B. Discussions on these arrangements, including costs and dissemination, would take place towards the end of the contract and may require a variation to the contract to cover any additional costs. Tenderers should therefore indicate their willingness and ability to undertake responsibility for publishing the final report to Departmental design standards on this basis.

The draft final report (maximum 15 copies) will be submitted not less than four weeks before the end of the project.

All documents should be submitted as hard copies and in electronic format (pdf and Word).

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 1 – Original contract specification

QUALITY ASSURANCE

Tenderers should be aware that an application cannot be accepted unless you have read ’The Joint Code of Practice for Research’. Please confirm that you are aware of the Code and will comply with it. Further details are available at: Joint Code of Practice for Research

Tenderers must display a good understanding of the issues involved. They should also have the ability to edit and present written material in a clear, concise and informative style. Tenderers will provide details of how the quality of inputs and outputs will be ensured. The final report may be subject to independent peer review beyond that undertaken as part of the project, and the contractor will be expected to respond to reviewers’ comments and amend the final report as appropriate.

Tenderers should provide an assessment of risks, countermeasures and contingencies.

MANAGEMENT

The Contract will be managed in accordance with the Department’s ‘Standard Terms and Conditions for Research and Development Contracts’.

The contractor will be managed by an official of the Department who will act as Contract Manager responsible for the day to day management of the contract. The contractor will appoint a project manager who will act as the principal point of contact for the Department.

The nominated official of the Department will be able to contribute to the management of the project through a series of informal and formal steering group meetings with the contractor during the course of the project.

The Department will establish a small steering group that will comprise representatives from the Department and expert representation from the Joint Nature Conservation Committee and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The steering group will monitor progress and provide guidance on objectives, outputs, and information needs on technical and analytical matters. Steering group meetings will be held as considered necessary. The contractor will be responsible for chairing, organising, minuting, and providing secretarial and administrative support for these meetings and for any other ad hoc meetings that might be required during the course of the project.

Before the end of the contract, the contractor shall attend a meeting with the Department to discuss the management and performance of the contract with a view to informing each other of any strengths and weaknesses exposed.

TIMING

The first phase of the contract will be expected to last approximately 12 months. The anticipated start date is 12 September 2011.

The Contractor will be required to:

 Submit an interim report on progress in delivering the project’s objectives by 3 March 2012.

 Submit a copy of the draft phase 1 report by 20 July 2012.

 Submit a copy of the final phase 1 report by 31 August 2012.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 1 – Original contract specification

The second phase of the contract will be expected to last approximately 6 months. Subject to acceptance of the method developed in phase 1, phase 2 is anticipated to start on 24 September 2012.

The Contractor will be required to:

 Submit an interim report on progress in delivering the project’s objectives by 30 November 2012.

 Submit a copy of the draft phase 2 report by 16 February 2013.

 Submit a copy of the final phase 2 report by 31 March 2013.

PROGRAMME OF WORK AND MILESTONES

Tenderers are invited to propose a work programme designed to meet the above objectives, requirements and timetable. Tenders should include a time schedule for the work that identifies the main tasks and key milestones that will be used to monitor progress (see enclosed ‘Guidance on Submitting a Tender for Defra Research’ note for further details).

COSTS

In bidding for this contract tenderers should provide a breakdown of their costs, separated over both phases, and identifying the costs for each element of the project, e.g. developing the methodology, testing and review, and undertaking cost assessments.

PROJECT TEAM (INCLUDING SUB CONTRACTORS)

Details of the project team should be supplied indicating the experience of the individuals. The organisation of the project team should be linked to the work programme, indicating the grade of staff and number of days allocated to specific work areas (see ‘Guidance on Submitting a Tender for Defra Research’ note for further details).

ELECTRONIC SECURITY

Electronic media of any type or format supplied to the Department by the Contractor must be checked for viruses before shipment. The Contractor must provide details of the computer virus detection and virus eradication software (or hardware) that is used to prevent infection and the frequency at which it is updated.

EVALUATION CRITERIA

Tenders will be assessed against the criteria set out below. It is worthwhile trying to assess your own proposal against these criteria before you submit it. It is important to realise that the Evaluation Panel will score proposals against each of these criteria. For example, if your proposal is of high quality, but does not provide an adequate description of how the results will be transmitted to the appropriate audience, it will probably be unsuccessful.

The criteria are:

Quality of proposal Relevance to Defra’s specified requirements Scientific merit Proposed methodology Proposed data sources MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 1 – Original contract specification

Clear work plan with realistic testable milestones Clear deliverables Probability of success

Details of contractor Expertise, infrastructure Project planning and management Past experience with contractor

Cost Reasonable & competitive costs Co-funders

Long-term How the results are to be disseminated Prospects for technology transfer Prospects for exploiting IP Likely long-term relevance of work

FURTHER DETAILS ON PUBLISHING

Following receipt of the draft final report and a decision on dissemination by the Department, the contractor will be asked to make any amendments or changes which may be required and submit a revised report at no additional cost to the Authority or the Co-funders, and will deliver the final text, together with the original artwork and photographs where appropriate, in a format in accordance with Departmental design standards. The Contractor will be responsible for proof- reading the final report prior to publication. Delivery will be as a paper copy in its final proof read version and in an electronic format compatible with Departmental IT standards (ASCII).

In the event that the Department does not take up its option to publish the final report, the Contractor may be required to undertake publication and dissemination on behalf of the Department at a price, which covers all costs reasonably incurred. Prior to publishing, the contractor would be required to obtain a non-exclusive 'Crown copyright: first publishing right'.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 2 – Development of project brief

Appendix 2 – Development of the project brief

State of scientific knowledge and data holdings

The initial phases of the project consisted of a series of discussions (in person, by phone conference and over e-mail) between the Project Team and Steering Group to further define, refine and delineate objectives so that the project was (i) manageable within the time frame available (ii) met policy aspirations and (iii) was scientifically defensible. These discussions amended the brief as the project went on (Box 2).

Full servicing of the original brief required data to be gathered on a large and representative suite of species, which contained information on the influence each species had on achieving conservation targets such as (for example) preventing extinctions, conserving habitats, sustainable harvesting, and protection of ecosystem services. Moreover, data would be required on necessary conservation actions and the cost and benefit of those actions, together with an assessment of where the UK is especially well-placed to have a conservation impact. In short, it sought a species- led approach capable of producing a single metric by which all possible influences on conservation impact and success could be ranked. Therefore, the brief assumes that there is sufficient scientific knowledge to link an extensive and representative suite of species to a broad range of conservation benefits. It also assumes that (i) species data are held in an easily accessible form, (ii) these data are freely available, and (iii) databases include data on animals and plants, in both marine and terrestrial habitats.

During discussion between the Project Team and Steering Group, it became clear and was quickly agreed that the original contract specification was very ambitious and that some of the assumptions made were unlikely to hold. Thus, a strategy to delineate the project aims was agreed between the Project Team and Steering Group (Box 2).

Box 2: Delineation of project objectives

From initial work on the project and early discussions between the MAPISCo Project team and the Steering Group it became clear that that the original aspirations for MAPISCo were very ambitious and that many of the assumptions regarding availability and accessibility of necessary data do not hold (MAPISCo Project Team 2012a) (Appendix 2). For many species groups sufficient data to prioritise on co-benefits is simply not available, whereas for species where data is available it is often not readily accessible (e.g. although evidence for links between species and ecosystem service provisioning is available for specific examples no comprehensive databases of “species providing ecosystem services” are available). Moreover, the full range of co-benefits of species conservation is too large for the initial timeframe available for MAPISCo.

For these reasons, in subsequent discussions between the Project Team and Steering Group the co-benefits considered for the initial development of the methodology were limited to those Aichi Targets that were (i) of the greatest interest to Defra and the Steering Group, and (ii) most directly connected with conservation effort on a species level, such as habitat conservation and sustainable harvesting. The choice of co-benefits and the motivation therefore is outlined in section 3.2.

At the same time it was recognized that greater synergy between science and policy on particular issues such as this was very important and likely to become more so. We therefore also considered the broader science-policy context in which MAPISCo sits and propose a way forward that we feel has significant potential.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract)

Appendix 3 - Ecosystem Service report

What is the evidence base linking species groups and ecosystem services?

Introduction

The benefits that accrue to humans from biodiversity and ecosystems are grouped under the banner of “Ecosystem Services” (Lamarque et al. 2011). These services include ecosystem processes such as carbon sequestration, nutrient cycling and water regulation (see Table A2-1). This concept has been used to justify decisions in conservation management, and increasingly in government and commercial policies (Costanza et al. 1997). It is thought that increased biodiversity (particularly of primary producers) leads to increased ecosystem service benefits (i.e. primary productivity, erosion control, nutrient cycling, regulation of biodiversity and stability), however this still needs to be confirmed (Balvanera et al. 2006).

Before we could hope to integrate ecosystem services in to species conservation priority setting in a meaningful way, we would need to understand the scientific evidence base linking species groups to ecosystem services. The number of peer-reviewed articles on ecosystem services (between 2001 and 2012) has grown exponentially (Figure A3-1). Despite this large body of knowledge there has been little focus on the role that species play in provision of ecosystem services. Therefore an assessment of the scientific evidence linking species and ecosystem service is timely, particularly when one considers that species are the units of conservation planning and policy (Fisher et al. 2011).

Methods

Determining species and species groups linked to ecosystem services

The first step was to determine which species or species groups have been linked to ecosystems services in order to populate a systematic search of the literature for evidence. To achieve this we searched on the scientific publications database Scopus (http://www.scopus.com/home.url) on the 18 November 2011 for all peer-reviewed papers that contain the search term “Ecosystem services” in the abstract, title or keywords; this resulted in 4264 publications. We then randomly selected (see below) 10 % of these publications (i.e. 426 papers) and read the title, abstract, keywords or introduction of each to identify the main species, taxa or functional group that the paper addressed. To randomly select the publications included in this 10 % we listed and numbered each publication by date in a Microsoft Excel worksheet so that the newest publication was numbered 1 and the oldest numbered 4264. We then generated random numbers for each publication using the “RANDBETWEEN” function in Microsoft Excel. We then sorted the publications by this random number and the top 426 were assessed. Of these 426 papers only 252 were available for download from the Newcastle University library website.

This resulted in a list of 29 taxa (see Table A2-2) that have been the focus of publications, which contain the search term “Ecosystem Services” in the Abstract, Title or keywords on the Scopus database.

Determining the evidence linking species or species groups to ecosystem services

We then searched Scopus for articles and articles in press for each of the 29 taxa or species groups in combination with the term “Ecosystem Service” or “Ecological Service” (a term that is often used synonymously). This resulted in 2902 peer-reviewed articles. All available published articles or articles in press were downloaded from Scopus. Not all journal titles were available for download and therefore we downloaded 1324 articles in total. For each article downloaded we read the title and abstract and in some cases the figures and conclusions. To further refine our search we rejected papers for assessment if they were irrelevant, were meta-analysis, or were MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract) based solely on models and not on empirical data. Our searches also resulted in several duplications in the articles downloaded so we only assessed a paper once regardless of the search term(s) that resulted in its discovery. This refinement led us to a final assessment of 451 articles that linked species groups and ecosystem services. For each of these we recorded “Search date”, “Search terms”, “First Author”, “Publication Title”, “Publication date”, “Journal”, “Volume”, “First page number”, the “Focal taxa”, “Type of service”, and “Evidence points”. Papers were considered to have “evidence” if the research had directly assessed the influence of a species group on an ecosystem service (through site comparisons, replicated trials, controlled trials, paired trials, randomised trials or before-and–after comparisons). Any papers listed as having possible evidence were highlighted for a more thorough investigation.

Results

Papers containing the search terms for species groups and ecosystem services (e.g. Amphibian AND “Ecosystem Services” OR “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract or Keywords; Animal AND ...; Bacteria AND..., etc.) have been published in 142 different peer-reviewed journals between 1998 and 2012. Some 28 % (126) of articles assessed contained some evidence linking species and ecosystem services (see Table A2-3 and Table A2-4).

Broad service categories

Of the 451 papers included in the final assessment 58.98 % (266) were focused on regulating services, 13.96 % (63) on supporting services, 11.08 % (50) on provisioning services, 2.22 % on cultural services and 1.33 % (6) on multiple ecosystem service provision. There were 56 papers (12.41 %) that did not define any ecosystem service clearly.

Regulating services

Of the 266 papers that addressed regulating services the majority focused on pollination (36.84 %, 98 papers), pest control (27.44 %, 73 papers), water regulation (12.03 %, 32 papers) services and carbon sequestration (9.40 %, 25 papers). The remaining 9.77 % of papers addressed pollution (3.38 %, 9 papers), climate regulation (1.50 %, 4 papers), coastal protection, flood control, soil stabilisation, waste regulation (all 0.75 %, 2 papers), erosion regulation, gas regulation, plant health, riverbank stabilisation and soil detoxification (all 0.38, 1 paper).

Supporting services

Sixty-three papers addressed supporting services including nutrient cycling (39.68 %, 25 papers), seed dispersal (20.63 %, 13 papers), decomposition (19.05 %, 12 papers), primary productivity (11.11 %, 7 papers), denitrification (6.35 %, 4 papers) and soil formation (3.17 %, 2 papers).

Provisioning services

Of the 50 papers addressing provisioning services the majority (68 %, 34 papers) were focused on food production. The remaining 38 % (19 papers) focused on forage production (20%, 10 papers), timber production (6 %, 3 papers) and fish nurseries, fuelwood and the provision of medicines (all 2 %, 1 paper).

Cultural services

Ten papers addressed cultural services, 50 % (5 papers) focused on recreation, 30 % (3 papers) on aesthetic services and 20 % (2 papers) on cultural services.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract)

Broad taxonomic groups

Papers addressed ecosystem services and five broad taxonomic groups; invertebrates (36.59 %, 165 papers), plants (25.50 %, 115 papers), vertebrates (15.52 %, 70 papers), microbes (5.54 %, 25 papers) and fungi (1.99 %, 9 papers). Sixty-seven papers (14.85 %) addressed ecosystem services and multiple taxa.

Literature cited

Balvanera, P., A.B. Pfisterer, N. Buchmann, J. He, T., T. Nakashizuka, D. Raffaelli and B. Schmid. 2006. Quantifying the evidence for biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning and services. Ecology Letters, 9: 1146 – 1156. Costanza, R., R d’Arge, R de Groot, S. Farber, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, K. Limburg, S. Naeem, R. O’Neill, J. Paruelo, R. G. Raskin, P. Sutton and M. van den Belt. 1997. The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387: 253 – 260. Lamarque, P., F. Quetier and S. Lavorel. 2011. The diversity of the ecosystem services concept and its implications for their assessment and management. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 334: 441 – 449.

Figure A3-1. The number of peer-reviewed publications (articles or articles in press) containing the search term “Ecosystem Services” in the abstract, title or keywords.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract)

Table A3-1. Types of ecosystem services according to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005)

Type of service Service Provisioning services Food Fibre Genetic resources Bio-chemicals, natural medicines, etc. Ornamental resources Fresh water

Regulating services Air quality regulation Climate regulation Water regulation Erosion regulation Disease regulation Pest regulation Pollination

Cultural services Cultural diversity Spiritual and religious values Recreation and ecotourism Aesthetic values Knowledge systems Educational values

Supporting services Soil formation Photosynthesis Primary production Nutrient cycling Water cycling

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract)

Table A3-2. List of taxa linked to ecosystem services in the peer-reviewed literature as well as the search terms and resulting number of papers identified in the search and downloaded for assessment.

Number of peer-reviewed Number of peer-reviewed articles and article Taxa or functional Search terms articles and article in press on in press available for download through the group identified the Scopus database Newcastle University Library website Amphibian AND “Ecosystem Services” Amphibians OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 11 6 Abstract or Keywords Animal AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Animals “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 357 168 or Keywords Bacteria AND “Ecosystem Services” Bacteria OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 46 44 Abstract or Keywords Bat AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Bats “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 16 13 or Keywords Bee AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Bees “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 103 53 or Keywords Beetle AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Beetles “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 47 43 or Keywords Bird AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Birds “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 126 76 or Keywords Decomposer AND “Ecosystem Decomposers Services” OR “Ecological Services” in 6 3 Title, Abstract or Keywords Detritivore AND “Ecosystem Services” Detritivores OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 3 2 Abstract or Keywords Disperser AND “Ecosystem Services” Dispersers 8 5 OR “Ecological Services” in Title, MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract)

Abstract or Keywords Eukaryote AND “Ecosystem Services” Eukaryotes OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 2 2 Abstract or Keywords Fish AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Fish “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 176 59 or Keywords Fungi AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Fungi “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 30 28 or Keywords Insect AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Insects “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 164 81 or Keywords Invertebrate AND “Ecosystem Invertebrates Services” OR “Ecological Services” in 92 35 Title, Abstract or Keywords Mammal AND “Ecosystem Services” Mammals OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 39 33 Abstract or Keywords Nematode AND “Ecosystem Services” Nematodes OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 21 20 Abstract or Keywords Pest AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Pests “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 150 47 or Keywords Plant AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Plants “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 673 256 or Keywords Pollinat* AND “Ecosystem Services” Pollinators1 OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 190 109 Abstract or Keywords Predator AND “Ecosystem Services” Predators OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 108 28 Abstract or Keywords Prey Prey AND “Ecosystem Services” OR 55 13 MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract)

“Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract or Keywords Prokaryote AND “Ecosystem Services” Prokaryotes OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 2 2 Abstract or Keywords Reptile AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Reptiles “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 8 5 or Keywords Scavenger AND “Ecosystem Services” Scavengers OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 6 6 Abstract or Keywords Spider AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Spiders “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 16 11 or Keywords Tree AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Trees “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 404 142 or Keywords Vertebrate AND “Ecosystem Services” Vertebrates OR “Ecological Services” in Title, 31 25 Abstract or Keywords Wasp AND “Ecosystem Services” OR Wasps “Ecological Services” in Title, Abstract 12 9 or Keywords 1 The terms “Pollinators” and “Pollination” were included together and we used a * to indicate this in the Scopus database search. MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract) Table A3-3. Summary of the articles assessed providing evidence of a link between species groups and ecosystem services.

Search terms (AND “Ecosystem Taxonomic Broad Service Main type of Services” First Author Publication Title Date Journal Volume Pages Main focal taxa Group type service OR “Ecological Services”)

Ecological role of control agent, and not just host- Pest Fungi Seymour 2010 Austral Ecology 35 704 Fungi Fungi Regulating specificity, determine regulation risks of biological control

Contribution of arbuscular Agriculture, mycorrhiza to soil quality Ecosystems Arbuscular Nutrient Fungi Kahiluoto 2009 134 36 Fungi Supporting in contrasting cropping and mycorrhiza cycling systems Environment

Nitrogen losses from two Soil Biology & Nutrient Fungi de Vries grassland soils with 2011 43 997 Fungi Fungi Supporting Biochemistry cycling different fungal biomass

Functional complementarity of Douglas-fir Functional Nutrient Fungi Jones ectomycorrhizas for 2010 24 1139 Fungi Fungi Supporting Ecology cycling extracellular enzyme activity after wildfire or clear-cut logging

Unravelling the drivers of intensifying forest Global Change Climate Beetle Seidl 2011 17 2842 Invertebrates Bark beetle Regulating disturbance regimes in Biology regulation Europe

Cost-effective alternatives for mitigating Water Cryptosporidium risk in Disease Beetle Bryan 2009 resources 45 Invertebrates Dung Beetles Regulating drinking water and regulation research enhancing ecosystem services

Earthworms promote the reduction of Fusarium Soil Biology & Disease Fungi Wolfarth 2011 43 1585 Invertebrates Earthworms Regulating biomass and Biochemistry regulation deoxynivalenol content in wheat straw under field

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conditions

Dung beetles can Applied Soil Erosion Beetle Brown improve soil hydrological 2010 46 9 Invertebrates Dung Beetles Regulating Ecology regulation properties

Twig-Nesting Ants: The Hidden predators of the Pest Beetle Larsen 2010 Biotropica 42 342 Invertebrates Ants Regulating coffee berry borer in regulation Chiapas, Mexico

Within Orchard variability of the ecosystem service Basic and Pest Beetle Mody parasitism Effects of 2011 12 454 Invertebrates Ants Regulating Applied Ecology regulation cultivars, ants and tree location

Clusters of ant colonies Pest Insect Vandermeer and robust criticality in a 2008 Nature 451 457 Invertebrates Ants Regulating regulation tropical agro ecosystem

Arboreal ant abundance and leaf-miner damage in Pest Wasp De la Mora 2008 Biotropica 40 742 Invertebrates Ants Regulating coffee Agro ecosystems regulation in Mexico

The landscape context of Proceedings of Pest Animal Thies cereal aphid-parasitoid 2005 the Royal 272 203 Invertebrates Aphids Regulating regulation interactions Society London

Landscape heterogeneity and farming practice Basic and Pest Bird Ostman 2001 2 365 Invertebrates Aphids Regulating influence biological Applied Ecology regulation control

Increasing corn for biofuel production reduces Pest Insect Landis 2008 PNAS 105 20552 Invertebrates Aphids Regulating biocontrol services in regulation agricultural landscapes

Effects of land-use intensity in tropical agroforestry system on Conservation Pest Wasp Klein 2002 16 1003 Invertebrates Bees Regulating coffee flower-visiting and Biology regulation trap nesting bees and wasps

Assessing risks and Pest Insect Winkler benefits of floral 2010 Biocontrol 55 719 Invertebrates Butterflies Regulating regulation supplements in conservation biological

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control

Weighing abiotic and Pest Vertebrate Davis biotic influences on weed 2010 Weed Research 50 402 Invertebrates Carabid beetle Regulating regulation seed predation

Biodiversity and biocontrol: emergent impacts of a multi-enemy Pest Beetle Cardinale 2003 Ecology Letters 6 857 Invertebrates Coccinellid beetles Regulating assemblage on pest regulation suppression and crop yield in an agroecosystem

The adoption of silvopastoral systems Insect promotes recovery of Pest Beetle Giraldo 2011 conservation 4 115 Invertebrates Dung Beetles Regulating ecological processes regulation and Diversity regulated by dung beetles in the Colombian Andes

Mixed effects of Perspectives in landscape complexity and plant ecology, Pest Vertebrate Fischer 2011 13 297 Invertebrates Seed predators Regulating farming practice on weed evolution and regulation seed removal systematics

The Swiss agri- environment scheme enhances pollinator Journal of Bee Albrecht diversity and plant 2007 44 813 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination Applied Ecology reproductive success in nearby intensively managed farmland

The impact of an insecticide on insect Agricultural and Bee Brittain flower visitation and 2010 Forest 12 259 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination pollination in an Entomology agricultural landscape

the restoration of ecological interactions: Journal of Bee Forupt plant-pollinator networks 2008 45 742 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination Applied Ecology on ancient and restored heathlands

Potential negative effects Agricultural and of exotic honey bees on Pollinat* Badano 2011 Forest 13 365 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination the diversity of native Entomology pollinators and yield of highland coffee

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plantations

Agriculture, Pollination services in the Ecosystems Pollinat* Breeze UK: How important are 2011 142 137 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination and honeybees? Environment

Natural and within- farmland biodiversity Pollinat* Carvalheiro 2011 Ecology Letters 14 251 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination enhances crop productivity

Proximity to forest edge Proceedings of does not affect crop Pollinat* Chacoff 2008 the Royal 275 907 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination production despite pollen Society London limitation

Stability of pollination services decreases with Pollinat* Garibaldi isolation from natural 2011 Ecology Letters 14 1062 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination areas despite honey bee visits

Farming with native bees (Apis mellifera subsp. Capensis ESCH.) has Population Pollinat* Geerts varied effects on nectar- 2011 53 333 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination Ecology feeding bird communities in South African fynbos vegetation

Role of native bees and Agriculture, natural habitats in Ecosystems Pollinat* Gemmill-Herren 2008 127 31 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination eggplant pollination in and Kenya Environment

Wild bee species increase tomato production and respond Biological Pollinat* Greenleaf 2006 133 81 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination differently to surrounding conservation land use in northen California

Wild bees enhance honey Pollinat* Greenleaf bees' pollination of hybrid 2006 PNAS 103 13890 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination sunflower

Functional group diversity Proceedings of Pollinat* Hoehn of bee pollinators 2008 the Royal 275 2283 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination increases crop yield Society London

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Pollinators provide Agriculture, economic incentive to Ecosystems Pollinat* Morandin 2006 116 289 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination preserve natural land in and agroecosystems Environment

Plant-pollinator biodiversity and Biological Pollinat* Potts pollination services in a 2006 129 519 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination conservation complex Mediterranean landscape

Economic value of Pollinat* Ricketts tropical forest to coffee 2004 PNAS 101 12579 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination production

Effects of landscape metrics on Apis and non- Basic and Pollinat* Taki 2010 11 594 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination Apis pollinators and seed Applied Ecology set in common buckwheat

The contribution of non- managed social bees to Agroforestry Pollinat* Veddeler coffee production: new 2008 73 109 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination systems economic insights based on farm-scale yield data

Are ecosystem services Proceedings of stabilized by differences Pollinat* Winfree 2009 the Royal 276 229 Invertebrates Bees Regulating Pollination among species? A test Society London using crop pollination

Proximity to rainforest Journal of Bee Blanche enhances pollination and 2006 43 1182 Invertebrates Honeybees Regulating Pollination Applied Ecology fruit set in orchards

Do introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera, Hymenoptera) provide full pollination service to bird- Bee Celebrezze adapted Australian plants 2004 Austral Ecology 29 129 Invertebrates Honeybees Regulating Pollination with small flowers? An experimental study of Brachyloma ericoides (Epacridaeceae)

The effect of introduced honeybees on native bee Biological Pollinat* Gross visitation and fruit set in 2011 102 89 Invertebrates Honeybees Regulating Pollination conservation Dillwynia juniperina in a fragmented ecosystem

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Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world Ecological Insect Gallai 2009 68 810 Invertebrates Insects Regulating Pollination agriculture confronted Economics with pollinator decline

Organic farming in isolated landscapes doe Biological Pollinat* Brittain 2010 143 1860 Invertebrates Insects Regulating Pollination not benefit flower-visiting conservation insects and pollination

Contribution of small insects to pollination of Annals of Pollinat* Taki 2009 155 121 Invertebrates Insects Regulating Pollination common buckwheat a Applied Biology distylous crop

Long-term global trends in crop yield and production reveal no Pollinat* Aizen 2008 Current Biology 18 1572 Invertebrates Pollinators Regulating Pollination current pollination shortage but increasing pollinator dependency

Functional diversity of plant-pollinator interaction Pollinat* Fontaine webs enhance the 2006 Plos Biology 4 129 Invertebrates Pollinators Regulating Pollination persistence of plant communities

Global growth and stability of agricultural Pollinat* Garibaldi 2011 PNAS 108 5909 Invertebrates Pollinators Regulating Pollination yield decrease with pollinator dependence

Isolation from forest reduces pollination, seed Landscape Vertebrate Farwig predation and insect 2009 24 919 Invertebrates Pollinators Regulating Pollination Ecology scavenging in Swiss farmland

Recovery, Bioaccumulation, and inactivation of Humans Applied and Waste Animal Graczyk waterborne pathogens by 2006 Environmental 72 3390 Invertebrates Oyster Regulating regulation the Chesapeake Bay Microbiology Non-native Oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis

Assessing ecosystem Freshwater Detritivore McKie 2009 54 2086 Invertebrates Macroinvertebrates Supporting Decomposition functioning in streams Biology affected by forest management: increased

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leaf decomposition occurs without changes to the composition of benthic assemblages

Termite diversity along an Fungi Palin Amazon-Andes Elevation 2011 Biotropica 43 100 Invertebrates Termites Supporting Decomposition gradient, Peru

Carbon storage in soil size fractions under two Environmental Carbon Plant Gama-Rodrigues 2010 45 274 Microbes Soil biota Regulating Cacao agroforestry Management sequestration systems in Bahia, Brazil

Carbon metabolism of soil microbial communities of Journal of Soils Carbon Tree Yun Wang 2011 11 789 Microbes Soil biota Regulating restored forests in Sediments sequestration Southern China

The relevance of conditional dispersal for Microbial Pollution Bacteria Banitz 2011 In press Microbes Bacteria Regulating bacterial colony growth Ecology regulation and biodegradation

Effects of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin on the bacterial community Aquatic Pollution Bacteria Naslund 2008 90 223 Microbes Bacteria Regulating structure and degradation Toxicology regulation of pyrene in marine sediment

High specific activity in low microbial biomass Soil Biology & Fungi Stromberger soils across a no-till 2011 43 97 Microbes Microbes Supporting Decomposition Biochemistry evapotranspiration gradient in Colorado

Provision of contrasting ecosystem services by Fungi Verbruggen 2011 Plant Soil In press Microbes Soil biota Supporting Decomposition soil communities from different agricultural fields

Development of associations between microalgae and Microbial Bacteria Peterson 2011 77 477 Microbes Bacteria Supporting Denitrification denitrifying bacteria in Ecology streams of contrasting anthropogenic influence

Bacteria Bissett Long-term land use 2011 51 66 Microbes Microbes Supporting Denitrification Applied Soil effects on soil microbial

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community structure and Ecology function

Microbial community Applied and structure and Nitrogen Plant Peralta 2010 Environmental 76 4207 Microbes Microbes Supporting denitrification in a wetland cycling Microbiology mitigation bank

Nature versus nurture: Functional assessment of restoration effects on Geophysical Nutrient Fungi Sundareshwar 2009 36 L03402 Microbes Bacteria Supporting wetland services using Research letters cycling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The effect of a protected area on the tradeoffs Multiple Food Fish McNally between short-run and 2011 PNAS 108 13945 Mangroves Provisioning Taxa production long-run benefits from Mangroves ecosystems

Mangroves in the gulf of Multiple Food Fish Aburto-Oeopeza California increase fishery 2008 PNAS 105 10456 Fish Provisioning Taxa production yields

Light, nutrients, and food chain length constrain Multiple Food Fish Dickman planktonic energy transfer 2008 PNAS 105 18408 Fish Provisioning Taxa production efficiency across multiple trophic levels

Spatial pattern enhances Multiple Pest Spider Pringle ecosystem functioning in 2010 Plos Biology 8 e1000377 Spiders Regulating Taxa regulation an African Savanna

Early impacts of biological control on canopy cover Multiple Water Beetle Pattison and water use of the 2011 Oecologica 165 605 Coleoptera Regulating Taxa regulation invasive saltcedar tree in western Nevada

Marine biodiversity, Multiple Carbon Animal Beaugrand ecosystem functioning, 2010 PNAS 107 10120 Plankton Regulating Taxa sequestration and carbon cycles

American Emergence of tick-borne Journal of Granulocytic Multiple Disease Animal Foley 2009 Tropical 81 1132 Ticks Regulating Anaplasmosis associated Taxa regulation Medicine and with habitat type and Hygeine forest change in northern

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California

Habitat structure influences below ground biocontrol services: A Landscape and Multiple Pest Nematode Yadav 2011 In press Ants Regulating comparison between Urban Planning Taxa regulation urban gardens and vacant lots

Mixed effects of organic farming and landscape complexity on farmland Journal of Multiple Pest Beetle Winqvist 2011 48 570 Coleoptera Regulating biodiversity and biological Applied Ecology Taxa regulation control potential across Europe

Landscape context and management effects on Biological Multiple Pest Vertebrate Eilers an important insect pest 2009 51 388 Pests Regulating control Taxa regulation and its natural enemies in almond

Persistent negative effects of pesticides on Basic and Multiple Pest Bird Geiger biodiversity and biological 2010 11 97 Plants Regulating Applied Ecology Taxa regulation control potential on European farmland

Functional richness and ecosystem services: bird Ecological Multiple Pest Beetle Philipot predation on arthropods 2009 19 1858 Birds Regulating Applications Taxa regulation in tropical agroecosystems

Weed seed predation in Biological Multiple Pest Bird Navntoft organic and conventional 2009 49 11 Birds Regulating Control Taxa regulation fields

Effects of shade and bird exclusion on arthropods Agroforestry Multiple Pest Insect Johnson and leaf damage on 2009 76 139 Birds Regulating systems Taxa regulation coffee farms in Jamaica's Blue Mountains

Avian conservation practices strengthen Multiple Pest Prey Jedlicka 2011 PlosOne 6 e27347 Birds Regulating ecosystem services in Taxa regulation California Vineyards

Vertebrate Meiss Weed seed predation 2010 Agriculture, 138 10 Vertebrates Regulating Multiple Pest increase with vegetation Ecosystems

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cover in perennial forage and Taxa regulation crops Environment

Cascading effects of bird functional extinction Multiple Pollinat* Anderson 2011 Science 331 1068 Birds Regulating Pollination reduce pollination and Taxa plant density

variations in ecosystem service values in Lake and response to changes in Multiple Water Animal Yang 2011 Reservoir 27 95 Plants Regulating environmental flows: A Taxa regulation Management case study of Baiyangdian Lake, china

Bird predation on concealed Insects in a Multiple Pest Bird Xiong 2010 Wetlands 30 1203 Birds Regulating redd-dominated estuarine Taxa regulation tidal marsh

Riparian deforestation, stream narrowing, and Multiple Nitrogen Fish Sweeney 2004 PNAS 101 14132 Macroinvertebrates Supporting loss of stream ecosystem Taxa cycling services

Soil biological quality of grassland fertilized with adjusted cattle manure Biology and Multiple Nutrient Nematode van Eekeren 2009 45 595 Nematodes Supporting slurries in comparison Fertility of soils Taxa cycling with organic and inorganic fertilizers

Land use in subalpine grasslands affects nitrogen cycling via Journal of Multiple Nutrient Fungi Robson changes in plant 2010 98 62 Microbes Supporting Ecology Taxa cycling community and soil microbial uptake dynamics

Combining high biodiversity with high Fungi Clough 2011 PNAS 108 8311 Plants Biodiversity Cultural Cultural yields in tropical agroforests

Biodiversity for multifunctional Food Plant Weigelt grasslands: equal 2009 Biogeosciences 6 1695 Plants Grassland Provisioning production productivity in high- diversity low-input and low-diversity high-input

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systems

Using plant functional traits to understand the Journal of Food Plant Lavoreal landscape distribution of 2011 99 135 Plants Plants Provisioning Ecology production multiple ecosystem services

Biodiversity and ecosystem stability in a Food Plant Tilman 2006 Nature 441 629 Plants Plants Provisioning decade-long grassland production experiment

Effects of crop diversity on Agroecosystem Food Plant Smith 2008 Ecosystems 11 355 Plants Soya bean Provisioning Function: crop yield production response

Coffee agroecosystems performance under full sun, shade, conventional Agroforestry Food Tree Hagger 2011 82 285 Plants Trees Provisioning and organic management systems production regimes in central America

Microphytic crusts, shrub patches and water Landscape Forage Plant Eldridge 2002 17 587 Plants Algae Provisioning harvesting in the Negev Ecology production Desert: the shikim system

Nutritional evaluation of ‘‘Braquiarao’’ grass in Agroforestry Forage Animal Sousa association with ‘‘Aroeira’’ 2010 79 189 Plants Plants Provisioning systems production trees in a silvopastoral system

Traditional perennial crop-based agroforestry Agroforestry Plant Okubo in west Java: the tradeoff 2010 80 17 Plants Bamboo Provisioning Fuelwood systems between on-farm biodiversity and income

Harvested perennial Agriculture, grasslands provide Ecosystems Pollinat* Glover ecological benchmarks 2010 137 3 Plants Plants Provisioning Provisioning and for agricultural Environment sustainability

Agricultural pollutant Pollution Bacteria Diaz 2012 Agricultural 104 171 Plants Vegetation Regulating removal by constructed regulation Water wetlands: Implications for

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water management and Management design

Spatial characteristics between biodiversity and Ecological Carbon Pollinat* Bai ecosystem services in a 2011 8 177 Plants Biodiversity Regulating complexity sequestration Humans-dominated watershed

Assessing the ecosystem Journal of service of air pollutant Carbon Tree Jim 2008 Environmental 88 665 Plants Trees Regulating removal by urban trees in sequestration management Guangzhou (China)

Effects of Morella faya tree invasion on Biological carbon Plant Aner 2010 12 477 Plants Morella faya (tree) Regulating aboveground carbon Invasions storage storage in Hawaii

Micro-tidal coastal reed beds: Hydro- Estuarine, morphological insights Phragmites Coastal Plant Moller 2011 Coastal and 92 424 Plants Regulating and observations on australis (plants) protection Shelf Science wave transformation from the Southern Baltic Sea

The value of gas Agriculture, exchange as a service by Ecosystems Pollinat* Yu Xiao 2005 109 273 Plants Rice paddies Regulating Gas regulation rice paddies in suburban and Shanghai, China Environment

Analysis of historic changes in regional Ecological Water Pollinat* Lautenbach ecosystem service 2011 11 676 Plants Agricultural crops Regulating Indicators regulation provisioning using land use data

Effects of macrophyte species richness on Water Plant Engelhard 2001 Nature 411 687 Plants Aquatic plants Regulating wetland ecosystem regulation functioning and services

Conflicting demands on wetland ecosystem Freshwater Estuarine Water Bird Hansson services: nutrient 2005 50 705 Plants Regulating Biology vegetation regulation retention biodiversity or both

Biological Water Plant de Lange An economic assessment 2010 12 4113 Plants Plants Regulating of the contribution of Invasions regulation biological control to the

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management of invasive alien plants

Diversity-dependent productivity in semi- Functional Water Plant Kahmen natural grasslands 2005 19 594 Plants Plants Regulating Ecology regulation following climate perturbations

Plant species and functional group Water Plant Lundholm 2010 PlosOne 5 e9677 Plants Plants Regulating combinations affect green regulation roof ecosystem functions

A biome-scale assessment of the impact Journal of Water Plant van Wilgen of invasive alien plants on 2008 Environmental 89 336 Plants Plants Regulating regulation ecosystem services in management South Africa

Ecosystem functions of tidal fresh brackish and Estuaries and Water Plant Wieski 2010 33 161 Plants Plants Regulating Salt Marshes on the Coasts regulation Georgia Coast

Litterfall and decomposition in relation to soil carbon pools along Plant Ostertag 2008 Ecosystems 11 701 Plants Plants Supporting Decomposition a secondary forest Chronosequence in Puerto Rico

Plant trait diversity buffers variability in denitrification Plant McGill potential over changes in 2010 PlosOne 5 e11618 Plants Herbaceous plants Supporting Denitrification season and soil conditions

Biodiversity and Nutrient Plant Hector ecosystem 2007 Nature 448 188 Plants Grassland Supporting cycling multifunctionality

Vegetation composition promotes carbon and Journal of Nutrient Plant De Deyn nitrogen storage in model 2009 87 864 Plants Plants Supporting Ecology cycling grassland communities of contrasting soil fertility

Ecological primary Plant Costanza Biodiversity and 2007 61 478 Plants Plants Supporting ecosystem services: A Economics productivity multi-scale empirical

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study of the relationship between species richness and net primary production

Linkages between plant functional composition, Journal of primary Plant Fornara fine root processes and 2009 97 48 Plants Plants Supporting Ecology productivity potential soil N mineralization rates

Effectiveness of protected primary Plant Tang areas in maintaining plant 2011 PlosOne 6 e19116 Plants Plants Supporting productivity production

An ecosystem service value assessment of land Bird Zhao 2004 Land use Policy 21 139 Vertebrates Birds Cultural Aesthetic use change on Chongming Island China

Evaluating an ecosystem service provided by Atlantic Salmon, sea trout Fisheries Fish Butler and other fish species in 2009 96 259 Vertebrates Fish Cultural Recreational Research the River Spey Scotland: The economic impact of recreational rod fisheries

Assessing the broad- scale impact of agriculturally transformed Biological Scavenger Child and protected area 2009 142 2593 Vertebrates Birds Multiple Multiple conservation landscapes on avian taxonomic and functional richness

Quantification of interdependencies between economic Ecological Food Fish Cordier systems and ecosystem 2011 70 1660 Vertebrates Fish Provisioning Economics production services: An input-output model applied to the Seine estuary

Linking spatial metrics and fish catch reveals the importance of coastal Biological Food Fish Meynecke 2008 141 981 Vertebrates Fish Provisioning wetland connectivity to conservation production inshore fisheries in Queensland, Australia

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The Whale pump: Marine mammals enhance Food Fish Roman 2010 PlosOne 5 e13255 Vertebrates Marine mammals Provisioning primary productivity in a production coastal basin

Scavenger community Disease Vertebrate Olson response to the removal 2011 Oikos In press Vertebrates Racoons Regulating regulation of a dominant scavenger

Pest reduction services Animal Pest Beetle Johnson by birds in shade and sun 2010 13 140 Vertebrates Birds Regulating Conservation regulation coffee in Jamacia

Ecological and economic services provided by birds Conservation Pest Bird Kellermann 2008 22 1177 Vertebrates Birds Regulating on Jamaican Blue Biology regulation Mountain coffee farms

Effects of introducing threatened falcons into Conservation Pest Bird Kross vineyards on abundance 2011 online Early 1 Vertebrates Birds Regulating Biology regulation of passeriformes and bird damage to grapes

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract) Table A3-4. Summary of the articles assessed not providing evidence of a link between species groups and ecosystem services despite purporting to.

Search terms (AND “Ecosyste m Taxonomic Broad Service Main type of First Author Publication Title Date Journal Volume Pages Main focal taxa Services” Group type service OR “Ecologic al Services”)

Converting Australian tropical rainforest to native 201 Soil Biology & Carbon Fungi Curlevski Araucariaceae plantations 42 14 Fungi Fungi Regulating 0 Biochemistry sequestration alters soil fungal communities

International Role of fungi in litter Journal of decomposition associated Biodiversity 201 Fungi Panda with Casuarina equistifolia Science, 6 52 Fungi Fungi Supporting Decomposition 0 L. Plantations in coastal Ecosystem sand dunes, Orissa, India Services and Management

What is the significance of the arbuscular mycorrhizal 201 Arbuscular Fungi Smith colonisation of many Plant Soil 348 63 Fungi Regulating Disease regulation 1 mycorrhizal economically important crop plants?

Hypocrealean (Hyreales, Ascomycota) Fungal 200 Fungi Chaverri Diversity in different Biotropica 38 531 Fungi Fungi Regulating Pest regulation 6 stages of tropical forte succession in Costa Rica

Deep space and hidden depths: Understanding the 201 Biological Fungi Roy 55 1 Fungi Fungi Regulating Pest regulation evolution and ecology of 0 control fungal entomapathogens

Crawling to collapse: Ecologically unsound 200 Invertebrate Marine Fish Rhyne PlosOne 12 e8413 Cultural Aesthetic ornamental invertebrate 9 s Invertebrates fisheries

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An attribute-based approach to contingent 201 Journal of Forest Invertebrate Carbon Insect Moore 17 35 Insects Regulating valuation of forest 1 Economics s sequestration protection programs

Economic loss versus ecological gain: the 201 Biological Invertebrate Carbon Nematode Yu outbreaks of invaded 13 1283 Nematodes Regulating 1 Invasions s sequestration pinewood nematode in China

Flattening of Caribbean Proceedings of coral reefs: region-wide 200 Invertebrate Animal Alvarez-Filip the Royal 276 3019 Coral Regulating Coastal protection declines in architectural 9 s Society complexity

Effects of urban development on ant Decompo 200 Conservation Invertebrate Sanford communities: Implications 23 131 Ants Supporting Decomposition ser 9 Biology s for Ecosystem services and management

Effects of seasonal grazing and precipitation European Decompo 201 Invertebrate Macroinvertebrat Morón-Ríos regime on the soil Journal of Soil 46 91 Supporting Decomposition ser 0 s es macroinvertebrates of a Biology Mediterranean old-field

Wetland isolation Amphibia facilitates larvel mosquito 200 Ecological Invertebrate Chase 34 741 Mosquito Regulating Disease regulation n density through the 9 Entomology s reduction of predators

Climate change promotes the emergence of serious 201 Invertebrate Nematode Laaksonen EcoHealth 7 7 Nematodes Regulating Disease regulation disease outbreaks of 0 s filarioid nematodes

An assessment of soil nematode food webs and nutrient pools in 201 Urban Invertebrate Nematode Grewal 14 181 Nematodes Provisioning Food production community gardens and 1 Ecosystems s vacant lots in two post- industrial American cities

Biodiversity and multiple Agriculture, 201 Invertebrate Nematode Smukler ecosystem functions in an Ecosystems and 139 80 Nematodes Provisioning Food production 0 s organic farmscape Environment

Pollinat* Maler Accounting for ecosystem PNAS 105 9501 Pollinators Multiple Multiple 200 Invertebrate services as a way to

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understand the 8 s requirements for sustainable development

Phenotypic plasticity Proceedings of mediates climate change 200 Invertebrate Animal Chown the Royal 274 2531 Arthropods Not defined Not defined responses among invasive 7 s Society London and indigenous arthropods

Barnacle reproductive 200 Invertebrate Animal Leslie hotspots linked to near PNAS 102 10534 Barnacles Not defined Not defined 5 s shore ocean conditions

Climate change hastens 200 Invertebrate Animal McLaughlin PNAS 99 6070 Butterflies Not defined Not defined population extinctions 2 s

Seasonal changes of functional groups in 201 Biodiversity and Invertebrate Predator Choi 19 2291 Coleoptera Not defined Not defined coleopteran communities 0 Conservation s in pine forests

Response of sacrophagus wood-boring beetles to severe habitat loss due to 201 Landscape Invertebrate Beetle Saint-Germain 26 573 Coleoptera Not defined Not defined logging in an aspen 1 Ecology s dominated boreal landscape

First step in the restoration of a highly degraded coral 201 Invertebrate Fish Bongiorni Aquaculture 322 191 Coral Not defined Not defined reef (Singapore) by in situ 1 s coral intensive farming

Sewage impacts coral 200 Marine pollution Invertebrate Fish Reopanichkul reefs at multiple levels of 58 1356 Coral Not defined Not defined 9 Bulletin s ecological organisation

Monitoring Humans impacts on sandy shore ecosystems: a test of Environmental Vertebrat 200 Invertebrate Lucrezi ghost crabs (Ocypode monitoring and 152 413 Crabs Not defined Not defined e 9 s spp.) as biological Assessment indicators on an urban beach

Earthworm avoidance of Invertebra 201 Soil Biology & Invertebrate Li biochar can be mitigated 43 1732 Earthworms Not defined Not defined te 1 Biochemistry s by wetting

Animal Zaller Earthworm responses to Plant and soil 208 1 Earthworms Not defined Not defined 199 Invertebrate plant species' loss and

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elevated CO2 in 9 s calcareous grassland

Meiofauna sediment relations in leeward slope 200 Invertebrate Nematode Logan Hydrobiologia 610 269 Grazers Not defined Not defined turf algae of Heron Island 8 s reef

Assessment of higher insect taxa as bioindicators for different 200 Ecological Invertebrate Insect Akutsu logging-disturbance 22 542 Insects Not defined Not defined 7 Research s regimes in lowland tropical rain forest in Sabah, Malaysia

Children’s perceptions of rainforest biodiversity~~: 200 Invertebrate Insect Snaddon Which animals have the PlosOne 3 2579 Insects Not defined Not defined 8 s lion’s share of environmental awareness

Developing a monitoring Vertebrat program for invertebrates: 200 Conservation Invertebrate Rohr 21 422 Invertebrates Not defined Not defined e Guidelines and a case 7 Biology s study

Causal relationship between leaf litter beetle communities and 201 Ecological Invertebrate Leaf Litter Beetle Ottermanns regeneration patterns of In press In press Not defined Not defined 1 complexity s beetles vegetation in the Atlantic rainforest of Southern Brazil

Fire-induced taxonomic and functional changes in 201 Invertebrate Longhorn Beetle Moretti saproxylic beetle Ecography 33 760 Not defined Not defined 0 s beetles communities in fire sensitive regions

NEMBASE4: The International 201 Invertebrate Nematode Elsworth nematode transcriptome Journal for 41 881 Nematodes Not defined Not defined 1 s resource Parasitology

Form and function: European Metabolic footprints of 201 Invertebrate Nematode Ferris Journal of Soil 46 97 Nematodes Not defined Not defined nematodes in the soil food 0 s Biology web

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Effect of diel activity patterns and harvesting pressure on the diversity 201 Environmental Invertebrate Animal Buckins 45 963 Sea Cucumbers Not defined Not defined and biomass of sea 0 Management s cucumbers in Marovo Lagoon, Soloman Islands

Abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates in annual crops agroforestry 201 Agroforestry Invertebrate Beetle Rahman and forest ecosystems in In press In press Ants Supporting Nutrient cycling 1 systems s the Nilgirir biosphere reserve of Western Ghats, India

Dung beetle assemblages in primary forest and disturbed habitats in a 200 Journal of Insect Invertebrate Beetle Anderson 12 639 Dung Beetles Supporting Nutrient cycling tropical dry forest 8 Conservation s landscape in Western Mexico

Understanding the biodiversity consequences of habitat change: the 200 Journal of Invertebrate Beetle Gardner 45 883 Dung Beetles Supporting Nutrient cycling value of secondary and 8 Applied Ecology s plantation forests for neotropical dung beetles

Deforestation and biodiversity: effects of 200 Biodiversity Invertebrate Beetle Nielsen bushland cultivation on 16 2753 Dung Beetles Supporting Nutrient cycling 7 Conservation s dung beetles in semi-arid Tanzania

Molecular and morphological analysis of faeces to investigate the doi:10.1016/j.p Vertebrat 201 Invertebrate Boyer diet of earthworm Pedobiologia edobi.2011.08. Earthworms Supporting Nutrient cycling e 1 s predators: Example of a 002 carnivorous land snail endemic to New Zealand

Are grasslands important habitats for soil 201 Biodiversity and Invertebrate Animal Menta 20 1073 Microarthropods Supporting Nutrient cycling microarthropod 1 Conservation s conservation?

200 Estuaries and Invertebrate Fish Brown Oyster predation by black 31 597 Oyster Supporting Nutrient cycling 8 Coasts s drum varies spatially and

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seasonally

Australian High diversity of ants in 201 Invertebrate Insect Chong Journal of 50 7 Ants Regulating Pest regulation Australian vineyards 1 s Entomology

Effects of management intensity and season on 200 Biodiversity and Invertebrate Prey Philipot arboreal ant diversity and 15 139 Ants Regulating Pest regulation 6 Conservation s abundance in coffee agroecosystems

Decreased functional diversity and biological 201 Invertebrate Pollinat* Krauss pest control in PlosOne 6 e19502 Aphids Regulating Pest regulation 1 s conventional compared to organic crop fields

The relationship between agricultural intensification 201 Ecological Invertebrate Beetle Thies and biological control: 21 2187 Aphids Regulating Pest regulation 1 Applications s experimental tests across Europe

Effects of ecological compensation meadows 201 Biological Invertebrate Beetle Albrecht on arthropod diversity in 143 642 Arthropods Regulating Pest regulation 0 conservation s adjacent intensively managed grassland

Modelling spatially explicit population dynamics of Pterostichus melanarius 200 Landscape and Invertebrate Beetle Benjamin in response to changes in 84 191 Carabid beetle Regulating Pest regulation 8 Urban Planning s the composition and configuration of agricultural landscapes

National-scale regulation 201 Journal of Invertebrate Beetle Bohan of the weed seedbank by 48 888 Carabid beetle Regulating Pest regulation 1 Applied Ecology s carabid predators

Which prey sustains cold- adapted invertebrate generalist predators in 201 Journal of Invertebrate Beetle Eitzinger 48 591 Carabid beetle Regulating Pest regulation arable land? Examining 1 Applied Ecology s prey choices by molecular gut-content analysis

Beetle Nash Effect of remnant 46 83 Carabid beetle Regulating Pest regulation 200 Biological Invertebrate vegetation, pesticides, and

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farm management on 8 control s abundance of the beneficial predator Notonomus gravis (Chaudoir) (Coleoptera: Carabid Beetles)

Increasing syrphrid fly diversity and density in 200 Journal of Invertebrate Plant Haenke sown flower strips within 46 1106 Diptera Regulating Pest regulation 9 Applied Ecology s simple vs. Complex landscapes

Changes in dung beetle communities along a 200 Journal of Invertebrate Beetle Lee gradient tropical forest 25 611 Dung Beetles Regulating Pest regulation 9 Tropical ecology s disturbance in South East Asia

The value of sown grass Agriculture, margins for enhancing soil 200 Invertebrate Beetle Smith Ecosystems and 127 119 Earthworms Regulating Pest regulation macrofaunal biodiversity in 8 s Environment arable systems

Seed predation increases Agriculture, with ground beetle 201 Invertebrate Beetle Gaines Ecosystems and 137 329 Ground Beetles Regulating Pest regulation diversity in a Wisconsin 0 s Environment potato agroecosystem

Impact of habitat type and landscape structure on Agriculture, 201 Invertebrate Beetle Woodcock biomass species richness Ecosystems and 139 181 Ground Beetles Regulating Pest regulation 0 s and functional diversity of Environment ground beetles

Economic impacts of non- 201 Invertebrate Insect Aukema native forest insects in the PlosOne 6 e24587 Insects Regulating Pest regulation 1 s continental United States

Can arable field margins be managed to enhance their biodiversity 200 Journal of Invertebrate Insect Smith 45 269 Insects Regulating Pest regulation conservation and 8 Applied Ecology s functional value for soil macrofauna?

Designing agricultural landscapes for natural 201 Landscape Invertebrate Insect Steingrover 25 825 Insects Regulating Pest regulation pest control: a 0 Ecology s transdisciplinary approach in the Hoeksche Waard

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(The Netherlands)

Crop damage increases with pest species diversity: 200 Journal of Invertebrate Insect Dangles evidence from potato tuber 46 1115 Moths Regulating Pest regulation 9 Applied Ecology s moths in the tropical Andes

Canonical correspondence analysis demonstrates unique soil conditions for 200 Biological Invertebrate Nematode Hoy entomopathogenic 46 371 Nematodes Regulating Pest regulation 8 control s nematode species compared with other free- living nematode species

Contrasting the farm-scale spatio-temporal dynamics 200 Biological Invertebrate Predatory Beetle Holland of boundary and field 54 19 Regulating Pest regulation 9 control s beetles overwintering predatory beetles in arable crops

Beneficial links for the control of aphids: the 200 Journal of Invertebrate Beetle Bell effects of compost 45 1266 Spiders Regulating Pest regulation 8 Applied Ecology s applications on predators and prey

Web building flexibility of an orb-web spider in a 200 Invertebrate Spider Bonte Ecography 31 646 Spiders Regulating Pest regulation heterogeneous agricultural 8 s landscape

Non-crop habitats in the Agriculture, landscape enhance spider 201 Invertebrate Spider Pluess Ecosystems and 137 68 Spiders Regulating Pest regulation diversity in wheat fields of 0 s Environment a desert agroecosystem

Sown wildflower areas to Agriculture, 200 Invertebrate Spider Schmit-Entling enhance spiders in arable Ecosystems and 133 19 Spiders Regulating Pest regulation 9 s fields Environment

Rain forest promotes trophic interactions and 200 Journal of Invertebrate Wasp Klein diversity of trap-nesting 75 315 Wasp Regulating Pest regulation 6 Animal Ecology s hymenoptera in adjacent agroforestry

Canopy vs. Understory: 200 Invertebrate Wasp Sobek Forest Ecology 258 609 Wasp Regulating Pest regulation Does tree diversity affect 9 s and bee and wasp

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communities and their Management natural enemies across forest strata?

Valuing insect pollination 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Allsopp service with cost of Plos Biology 9 3128 Bees Regulating Pollination 8 s replacement

Influence of Woody Vegetation on pollinator densities in oilseed 201 Basic and Invertebrate Pollinat* Arthur 11 406 Bees Regulating Pollination Brassica fields in an 0 Applied Ecology s Australian temperate landscape

A novel method for assessing risks to pollinators from plant 201 Invertebrate Bee Barmaz Ecotoxicology 19 1347 Bees Regulating Pollination protection products using 0 s honeybees as a model species

Changing bee and hoverfly pollinator 201 Invertebrate Pollinat* Bates Plos One 6 e23456 Bees Regulating Pollination assemblages along an 1 s urban-rural gradient

Pollination networks of oil- 200 Journal of Invertebrate Animal Bezerra flowers: a tiny world within 78 1096 Bees Regulating Pollination 9 Animal Ecology s the smallest of all worlds

Parallel declines in pollinators and insect- 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Biesmejer Science 313 351 Bees Regulating Pollination pollinated plants in Britain 6 s and the Netherlands

The effects of forest fragmentation on bee 200 Journal of Invertebrate Bee Brosi 45 773 Bees Regulating Pollination communities in tropical 8 Applied Ecology s countryside

Bumble bee species responses to a targeted 200 Ecological Invertebrate Pollinat* Carvell conservation measure 21 1760 Bees Regulating Pollination 8 Applications s depend on landscape context and habitat quality

Conservation genetics, 201 Molecular Invertebrate Pollinat* Charman foraging distance and nest 19 2661 Bees Regulating Pollination 0 Ecology s density of the scarce great yellow bumble bee

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(Bombus distinguendus)

Feral honey bees in pine Forest Ecology 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Coulson forest landscapes of east and 215 91 Bees Regulating Pollination 5 s Texas Management

restoration of riverine inland sand dune 200 Journal of Invertebrate Bee Exeler complexes: implications 46 1097 Bees Regulating Pollination 9 Applied Ecology s for the conservation of wild bees

How can we preserve and restore species richness of 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Franzen Ecography 31 698 Bees Regulating Pollination pollinating insects on 8 s agricultural land

Implications of three biofuel crops for beneficial 201 Bioenergy Invertebrate Beetle Gardiner 3 6 Bees Regulating Pollination Arthropods in Agricultural 0 Research s landscapes

Factors affecting parasite 201 Ecological Invertebrate Pollinat* Gillespie prevalence among wild 35 737 Bees Regulating Pollination 0 Entomology s bumblebees

Relative contribution of agroforestry, rainforest 201 Biological Invertebrate Bee Hoehn 19 2189 Bees Regulating Pollination and openland to local and 0 conservation s regional bee diversity

Diversity of flower-visiting bees in cereal fields: 200 Journal of Invertebrate Bee Holzschuh effects of farming system, 44 41 Bees Regulating Pollination 7 Applied Ecology s landscape composition and regional context

How do landscape composition and configuration, organic 201 Journal of Invertebrate Pollinat* Holzschuh farming and fallow strips 79 491 Bees Regulating Pollination 0 Animal Ecology s affect the diversity of bees, wasps and their parasitoids

The contribution of roadside grassland 200 Biological Invertebrate Pollinat* Hopwood 141 2632 Bees Regulating Pollination restorations to native bee 8 conservation s conservation

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Pollination efficiency of Agricultural and 201 Invertebrate Pollinat* Jauker wild bees and hoverflies Forest In press In press Bees Regulating Pollination 1 s provided to oilseed rape Entomology

Impacts of coffee agroforestry management 201 Biological Invertebrate Bee Jha 143 1423 Bees Regulating Pollination on tropical bee 0 conservation s communities

Environmental factors affecting bee diversity in 200 Journal of Insect Invertebrate Bee Kearns urban and remote 13 655 Bees Regulating Pollination 9 Conservation s grassland plots in Boulder Colorado

Indirect effects of grassland extensification 200 Biological Invertebrate Pollinat* Kohler schemes on pollinators in 135 302 Bees Regulating Pollination 7 conservation s two contrasting European countries

Local and landscape Agricultural and Kovacs- effects on bee 201 Invertebrate Pollinat* Forest 13 59 Bees Regulating Pollination Hostyanszki communities of Hungarian 1 s Entomology winter cereal fields

Crop pollination from 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Kremen native bees at risk from PNAS 99 16812 Bees Regulating Pollination 2 s agricultural intensification

Modelling pollination 200 Annals of Invertebrate Bee Lonsdorf services across 103 1589 Bees Regulating Pollination 9 Botany s agricultural landscapes

Assessing bee species richness in two Mediterranean 201 Ecological Invertebrate Pollinat* Nielsen 26 969 Bees Regulating Pollination communities: importance 1 Research s of habitat type and sampling techniques

Does pathogen spillover from commercially reared 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Otterstatter Plos Biology 3 2771 Bees Regulating Pollination bumble bees threaten wild 8 s pollinators

South American native Environmental bumblebees 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Pilschuk Microbiology 1 131 Bees Regulating Pollination (Hymenoptera: Apidae) 9 s Reports infected by Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia),

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 3 – ES Report (subcontract)

an emerging pathogen of honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Tropical forest fragments 200 Conservation Invertebrate Bee Ricketts enhance pollinator activity 18 1262 Bees Regulating Pollination 4 Biology s in nearby coffee crops

Gardens benefit bees and enhance pollination in 201 Biological Invertebrate Pollinat* Samnegard 144 2602 Bees Regulating Pollination intensively managed 1 conservation s farmland

Influence of landscape context on the abundance Bulletin of 201 Invertebrate Pollinat* Tscheulin and diversity of bees in Entomological 101 557 Bees Regulating Pollination 1 s Mediterranean olive Research groves

Habitat modification alters 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Tylianaks the structure of tropical Nature 445 202 Bees Regulating Pollination 7 s host-parasitoid food webs

Variation between bee communities on a sand dune complex in the Great 200 Journal of Arid Invertebrate Bee Wilson 73 666 Bees Regulating Pollination Basin Desert, North 9 Environments s America: Implications for sand dune conservation

Wild bee pollinators provide the majority of crop visitation across land- 200 Journal of Invertebrate Bee Winfree 45 793 Bees Regulating Pollination use gradients in New 8 Applied Ecology s Jersey and Pennsylvania, USA

Valuing pollination 201 Ecological Invertebrate Bee Winfree 71 80 Bees Regulating Pollination services to agriculture 1 Economics s

Bumble bees (Bombus 200 Invertebrate Bee Ahrne spp) along a gradient of PlosOne 4 e5574 Bumblebees Regulating Pollination 9 s increasing urbanisation

Mass flowering oilseed rape improves early 200 Journal of Invertebrate Bee Westphal colony growth but not 46 187 Bumblebees Regulating Pollination 9 Applied Ecology s sexual reproduction of bumblebees

Pollinat* Davis Butterfly, bee and forb 12 69 Butterflies Regulating Pollination 200 Journal of Insect Invertebrate community composition

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and cross-taxon 8 Conservation s incongruence in tallgrass prairie fragments

Repercussions of El Nino: Proceedings of Drought causes extinction 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Harrison the Royal 267 911 Fig Wasp Regulating Pollination and the breakdown of 0 s Society mutualism in Borneo

Edge effects on flower- visiting insects in 200 Journal of Invertebrate Bee Chacoff grapefruit plantations 43 18 Insects Regulating Pollination 6 Applied Ecology s bordering premontane subtropical forest

Effects of patch size and density on flower visitation 201 Journal of Invertebrate Pollinat* Dauber and seed set of wild 98 188 Insects Regulating Pollination 0 Ecology s plants: a pan European approach

Relating geographical variation in pollination 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Kuhn types to environmental New Phytologist 172 127 Insects Regulating Pollination 6 s and spatial factors using novel statistical methods

Optimizing grassland management for flower- 200 Biological Invertebrate Insect Noordijk 142 2097 Insects Regulating Pollination visiting insects in roadside 9 conservation s verges

Effect of local community phylogenetic structure on American 201 Invertebrate Pollinat* Sargent pollen limitation in an Journal of 98 283 Insects Regulating Pollination 1 s obligatory insect-pollinated Botany plant

Abundance of pest and benign Cerambycidae Agricultural and 201 Invertebrate Longhorn Beetle Raje both increase with Forest In press In press Regulating Pollination 1 s beetles decreasing forest Entomology productivity

The role of crop-pollinator relationships in breeding 200 Invertebrate Plant Palmer for pollinator-friendly Euphytica 170 35 Pollinators Regulating Pollination 9 s legumes: from a breeding perspective

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Pollinator dependant crops 200 Invertebrate Pollinat* Winfree An increasingly risky current Biology 18 968 Pollinators Regulating Pollination 8 s business

Integration of alien plants Proceedings of 200 Invertebrate Several Pollinat* Memmott into a native flower- the Royal 269 2395 Regulating Pollination 2 s pollinators pollinator visitation web Society London

A trait-based approach to species' role in stream ecosystems: climate 200 Invertebrate Pollution Animal Spooner Oecologica 158 307 Mussels Regulating change, community 8 s regulation structure, and material cycling

Suppressive service of the Agriculture, soil food web: Effects of 200 Invertebrate Nematode Sanchez-Moreno Ecosystems and 119 75 Nematodes Supporting Soil formation environmental 7 s Environment management

Effects of urban wastewater on crab and Estuarine, 200 Invertebrate Fish Cannicci mollusc assemblages in Coastal and 84 305 Crabs Regulating Waste regulation 9 s equatorial and subtropical Shelf Science Mangroves of East Africa

Knowledge and recognition of ecosystem services among the 200 Ecological Invertebrate Plant Lewan 42 459 Pond biota Regulating Water regulation general public in a 2 Economics s drainage basin in Scania, Southern Sweden

Agroenergy crops influence the diversity, DOI 201 Bioenergy Invertebrate Detritivore Robertson biomass, and guild 10.1007/s1215 Arthropods Type of service 1 1 Research s structure of terrestrial 5-011-9161-3 arthropod communities

Evidence of qualitative differences between soil- Invasive plant 201 Agricultural Fungi Jordan occupancy effects of science and 4 11 Microbes Microbes Provisioning 1 production invasive vs. Native management grassland plant species

Mediated modeling of the Photochemistry impacts of enhanced UV-B 200 Carbon Bacteria van den belt and 82 865 Microbes Bacteria Regulating radiation on ecosystem 6 sequestration Photobiology services

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Soil microbial communities under model biofuel cropping systems in 201 Applied Soil Carbon Bacteria Liang 54 24 Microbes Microbes Regulating Southern Wisconsin USA: 2 Ecology sequestration Impact of crop species and soil properties

Bacterial, archaeal and eukaryal community structures throughout soil 200 Eukaryote Hartmann microbiology 11 3045 Microbes Bacteria Supporting Decomposition horizons of harvested and 9 naturally disturbed forest stands

Copper bioavailability and impact on bacterial growth 201 degradation of Bacteria Tom-Petersen Aquaculture 322-323 259 Microbes Bacteria Supporting in flow-through rainbow 1 organic matter trout aquaculture systems

Development of a framework based on an ecosystem services Science of the doi:10.1016/j.s Vertebrat 201 Nienstedt approach for deriving total citotenv.2011. Microbes Microbes Multiple Multiple e 1 specific protection goals environment 05.057 for environmental risk assessment of pesticides

Determinants of the International distribution of nitrogen- 201 Society for Bacteria Bru cycling microbial 5 532 Microbes Microbes Supporting Nitrogen cycling 1 Microbial communities at the Ecology Journal landscape scale

Development of pollution- induces community tolerance is linked to structural and functional 201 Soil Biology & Bacteria Brandt 42 748 Microbes Bacteria Not defined Not defined resilience of a soil 0 Biochemistry bacterial community following a five-year field exposure to copper

Effects of thermal energy 200 Microbial Bacteria Brielmann discharge on shallow 68 273 Microbes Bacteria Not defined Not defined 9 Ecology groundwater ecosystems

Effects of engineered Journal of 201 Bacteria Gao hazardous 186 940 Microbes Microbes Not defined Not defined nanomaterials on 1 microbial catalyzed materials biogeochemical processes

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in sediments

International Effect of warming and 201 Society for Bacteria Shiek drought on grassland 5 1692 Microbes Microbes Not defined Not defined 1 Microbial microbial communities Ecology Journal

Prokaryot A one ocean model of 200 Deep-Sea O'Dor 56 1816 Microbes Prokaryotes Supporting Nutrient cycling e biodiversity 9 Research 2

Desert farming benefits from Microbial potential in 201 Plant Koberl PlosOne 6 e24452 Microbes Soil microbes Regulating Plant health arid soils and promotes 1 diversity and plant health

Microbial ecological response of the intestinal flora of Peromyscus 201 Molecular Pollution Fish Coolon 19 67 Microbes Bacteria Regulating maniculatus and P. 0 Ecology regulation Leucopus to heavy metal contamination

Relationship between International bacterial diversity and 201 Society for Bacteria Monard function under biotic 5 1048 Microbes Bacteria Regulating Soil detoxification 1 Microbial control: the soil pesticide Ecology Journal degraders as a case study

A National scale inventory of resource provision for 200 Biological Bird Davies 142 761 Multiple Birds Regulating Climate regulation biodiversity within 9 conservation domestic gardens

Trade-offs between development, culture and Journal of conservation - Willingness 201 Animal Zander Environmental 91 2519 Multiple Riverine species Cultural Cultural to pay for tropical river 0 management management among urban Australians

No adverse effect of genetically modified antifungal wheat on 201 Plant Duc PlosOne 6 e25014 Multiple Soil fauna Supporting Decomposition decomposition dynamics 1 and the soil fauna community - A field study

Effects of fungicides on a 201 Biological Fungi Sutherland mycophagus coccinellid 54 292 Multiple Beetles Regulating Disease regulation 0 control may represent integration failure in disease

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management

Contribution of the endogeic earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa to the 201 Mytotoxin Fungi Wolfarth 27 215 Multiple Earthworms Regulating Disease regulation degradation of 1 Research deoxynivalenol and Fusarium biomass in wheat straw.

Community ecology and disease risk: lizards, Vertebrat 201 Salkeld squirrels and the Lyme Ecology 91 293 Multiple Spirochete Regulating Disease regulation e 0 disease spirochete in California, USA

Overfishing reduces resilience of kelp beds to 200 Fish Ling PNAS 106 22341 Multiple Fish Provisioning Food production climate-driven catastrophic 9 phase shift

Ecological correlates of risk and incidence of West 200 Bird Allan Oecologica 158 699 Multiple Birds Not defined Not defined Nile Virus in the United 9 States

Functional spatial scale of community composition change in response to 200 Ecological Bird Hirao 23 249 Multiple Birds Not defined Not defined windthrow disturbance in a 8 Research deciduous temperate forest

Bird communities in future 201 Animal Meehan bioenergy landscapes of PNAS 107 18533 Multiple Birds Not defined Not defined 0 the Upper Midwest

Effects of urbanisation on flowering phenology in the 201 Journal of Arid Plant Neil metropolitan phoenix 74 420 Multiple Flowering plants Not defined Not defined 0 Environments region of USA: Findings from herbarium records

Effects of invasive seaweeds on feeding 201 Biological Plant Tomas preference and 13 1559 Multiple Sea Urchins Not defined Not defined 1 Invasions performance of a keystone Mediterranean herbivore

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Deriving values for the Vertebrat ecological support function 200 Ecological Allen 56 49 Multiple Wildlife Not defined Not defined e of wildlife: An indirect 6 Economics valuation approach

Does seabird carrion Journal of the contribute to the diet of the Marine Scavenge shore crab Carcinus 201 Watts Biological 91 1459 Multiple Crabs Supporting Nutrient cycling r maenas on the Isle of 1 Association of May, Scotland? An the UK isotopic perspective

Aquatic macrophytes and hydro-electric power station reservoirs in Ecohydrology regulated rivers: man- 200 Fish Janauer and 8 149 Multiple Fish Supporting Nutrient cycling made ecological 8 Hydrobiology compensation structures and the ecological potential.

Effects of tilage and irrigation in cereal fields on 200 Journal of Pest Baraibar 46 380 Multiple Ants Regulating Pest regulation weed seed removal by 9 Applied Ecology seed predators

Optimal control of soybean aphid in the presence of Journal of 201 Insect Zhang natural enemies and the Environmental 96 7 Multiple Aphids Regulating Pest regulation 2 implied value of their management ecosystem services

Effects of habitat amount and isolation on 201 Journal of Beetle Bailey 47 1003 Multiple Beetles Regulating Pest regulation biodiversity in fragmented 0 Applied Ecology traditional orchards

Seeds in farmland food- webs: Resource 201 Biological Animal Evans importance, distribution 144 2941 Multiple Birds Regulating Pest regulation 1 conservation and the impacts of farm management

Farmland bird invertebrate 201 Annuals of Bird Holland food provision in arable 160 66 Multiple Birds Regulating Pest regulation 1 Applied Biology crops

Management of field 200 Journal of Predator Olson 44 13 Multiple Birds Regulating Pest regulation margins to maximise 7 Applied Ecology multiple ecological

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services

Enhancing invertebrate food resources for skylarks in ceral Invertebra 200 Journal of Smith ecosystems: how useful 46 692 Multiple Birds Regulating Pest regulation te 9 Applied Ecology are in crop agri- environment scheme management options?

Enhanced pest control in 200 Landscape Plant Bianchi cabbage crops near forest 23 595 Multiple Cabbage Regulating Pest regulation 8 Ecology in The Netherlands

Quantifying the ecosystem service of non-native weed seed predation provided Agriculture, 201 Beetle Ichihara by invertebrates and Ecosystems and 140 191 Multiple Rodents Regulating Pest regulation 1 vertebrates in upland Environment wheat fields converted to paddy fields

Endemic predators, Proceedings of Vertebrat 201 Wanger invasive prey and native the Royal 278 690 Multiple Toads Regulating Pest regulation e 0 diversity Society London

Conserving natural enemies with flowering plants: Estimating floral attractiveness to parasitic 201 Biological Wasp Sivinski 58 208 Multiple Wasp Regulating Pest regulation Hymenoptera and 1 Control attraction’s relationship to flower and plant morphology

Perspectives in Plant-pollinator 201 plant ecology, Pollinat* Hennig interactions within the 13 137 Multiple Bees Regulating Pollination 1 evolution and urban environment systematics

Arable weeds as indicators of agricultural 200 Biological Pollinat* Hyvonen 141 2857 Multiple Birds Regulating Pollination intensity A case study 8 conservation from Finland

Relationship between the 200 Ecological Beetle Hegland density and diversity of 31 532 Multiple Bumblebees Regulating Pollination floral resources and the 6 Entomology flower visitor activity in a temperate grassland

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community

Pollination crisis in the butterfly-pollinated wild 200 Pollinat* Bloch New Phytologist 169 699 Multiple Butterflies Regulating Pollination carnation Dianthus 6 carthusianorum?

At what spatial scale do high-quality habitats enhance the diversity of 200 Journal of Bee Kohler 45 753 Multiple Forbs Regulating Pollination forbs and pollinators in 8 Applied Ecology intensively farmed landscapes?

Rapid shift in pollinator 201 Restoration Herbaceous Pollinat* Fiedler communities following In press In press Multiple Regulating Pollination 1 Ecology plants invasive species removal

Pollinator-dependent food 200 Biological Animal Ashworth 142 1050 Multiple Insects Regulating Pollination production in Mexico 9 conservation

Tolerance of pollination Proceedings of 200 Pollinat* Memmott networks to species the Royal 271 2605 Multiple Pollinators Regulating Pollination 4 extinctions Society

Restoration of marine coastal ecosystem health as a new goal for 200 Environmental Pollution Animal Xu integrated catchment 37 540 Multiple Mangroves Regulating 6 Management regulation management in Tolo harbour, Hong Kong, China

The pharmaceutical value 201 Ecological Provision of Animal Erwin of marine biodiversity for 70 445 Multiple Animals Provisioning 0 Economics medicines anti-cancer drug discovery

An assessment of ecosystem services of 201 Animal Badola Environmentalist 30 320 Multiple Biodiversity Cultural Recreational Corbett tiger Reserve, 0 India

Birds as suppliers of seed dispersal in temperate 201 Conservation Bird Garcia ecosystems: Conservation 24 1070 Multiple Birds Supporting Seed dispersal 0 Biology guidelines from real-world landscapes

Prokaryot Diversity and distribution 200 Soil Biology & Adams 38 3003 Multiple Prokaryotes Supporting Soil formation e of Victoria land biota 6 Biochemistry

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Reduction of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in the Ballona Wetlands saltwater marsh (Los 201 Animal Dorsey Water Research 44 4630 Multiple Animals Regulating Water regulation Angeles County, 0 California, USA) with implications for restoration actions

Conservation planning for 200 Pollinat* Chan Plos Biology 4 379 Multiple Biodiversity Regulating Water regulation ecosystem services 6

Community-based monitoring of fog capture and biodiversity at Loma 200 Biodiversity and Bird Becker 14 2695 Multiple Birds Regulating Water regulation Alta Ecuador enhance 5 Conservation social capital and institutional cooperation

Bird species diversity in riparian buffers, row crop fields, and grazed 201 Agroforestry Bird Berges 79 97 Multiple Birds Regulating Water regulation pastures within 0 systems agriculturally dominated watersheds

Reversing a tree 200 Animal Fischer regeneration crisis in an PNAS 106 10386 Multiple Livestock Regulating Water regulation 9 endangered ecoregion

Riparian Ecosystems of semi-arid north America 199 Animal Patten Wetlands 18 498 Multiple Riverine species Regulating Water regulation Diversity and Humans 8 impacts

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Is an attractive forest also considered well managed? Public preferences for 201 Forest Policy Plant Carvalho-Ribeiro forest cover and stand 13 4 Plants Forest biota Cultural Aesthetic 1 and Economics structure across a rural/urban gradient in northern Portugal

Ecosystem services of fast-growing tree plantations: A case study 201 Forest Policy Tree Vihervaara 14 58 Plants Trees Multiple Biodiversity on integrating social 2 and Economics valuations with land-use changes in Uruguay

Economic value evaluation Chinese of wetland service in 201 Bird Lin Geographical 21 744 Plants Wetland plants Multiple Biodiversity Yeyahu Wetland Nature 1 Science Reserve Beijing

Ecological and economic valuation of the Potengi Journal of 201 Plant Souza estuary Mangroves Coastal 15 195 Plants Mangroves Supporting Nutrient cycling 1 wetlands (NE Brazil) using Conservation ancillary spatial data

Plant Gonzalez Bromeliad growth and Oecologica 167 835 Plants Bromeliads Regulating 201 Carbon stoichiometry: responses

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to atmospheric nutrient 1 sequestration supply in fog-dependent ecosystems of the hyper- arid Atacama Desert, Chile

Cost-effectiveness of dryland forest restoration 201 Carbon Animal Birch evaluated by spatial PNAS 107 21925 Plants Forest biota Regulating 0 sequestration analysis of ecosystem services

Ecological benefits of urban forestry: The case 200 Applied Carbon Bird Dwivedi 29 194 Plants Forest biota Regulating of Kerwa Forest Area 9 Geography sequestration (KFA) Bhopal, India

Scale mismatches and their ecological and Global 200 Carbon Animal Satake economic effects on Environmental 18 768 Plants Forest biota Regulating 8 sequestration landscapes: A spatially change explicit model

Impact of land-use change Estuarine, and hard structures on the 201 Carbon Animal Mattheus Coastal and 88 365 Plants Marsh plants Regulating evolution of fringing marsh 0 sequestration Shelf Science shorelines

Effects of natural and 200 Carbon Nematode Levin Humans-induced hypoxia Biogeosciences 6 2063 Plants Phytoplankton Regulating 9 sequestration on coastal benthos

Ecosystem services and 201 Journal of Carbon Fungi Dickie biodiversity trade-offs in 48 926 Plants Plants Regulating 1 Applied Ecology sequestration two woody successions

Land-use changes and carbon sequestration through the twentieth Journal of 201 Carbon Plant Padilla century in a Mediterranean Environmental 91 2688 Plants Plants Regulating 0 sequestration mountain ecosystem: management Implications for land management

Plant Tilman Diversity, productivity and Journal of 49 405 Plants Plants Regulating 200 Carbon temporal stability in the Environmental

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economies of Humans and 5 Economics and sequestration nature Management

Analyzing the cost effectiveness of Santiago, Journal of 200 Carbon Tree Escobedo Chile's policy of using Environmental 86 148 Plants Trees Regulating 8 sequestration urban forests to improve management air quality

Cropland expansion changes deforestation 200 Carbon Tree Morton PNAS 103 39 Plants Trees Regulating dynamics in the Southern 6 sequestration Brazilian Amazon

Benefits and costs of 201 Urban forestry & Carbon Tree Soares street trees in Lisbon, 10 69 Plants Trees Regulating 1 Urban greening sequestration Portugal

Assessing the potential of Journal of native tree species for 200 Carbon Tree Thomas Environmental 85 663 Plants Trees Regulating carbon sequestration 7 sequestration management forestry in Northeast China

Conserving Mangroves Ecosystems in the 201 Environmental Animal Farley Philippines: Transcending 45 39 Plants Mangroves Regulating Climate regulation 0 Management Disciplinary and Institutional Borders

Leaf dry matter content as a predator of grassland 201 Plant Pakeman litter decomposition: a test Plant Soil 342 49 Plants Grassland Supporting Decomposition 1 of the mass ratio hypothesis

Time-dependent impacts 201 Plant Mitchell Wetlands In press Plants Wetland plants Supporting Denitrification of cattail invasion in a 1 great lakes coastal

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wetland complex

Dynamics of Typha domingensis spread in Eleocharis dominated 201 Evolutionary Insect Macek 24 1505 Plants Plants Regulating Disease regulation oligotrophic tropical 0 Ecology wetlands following nutrient enrichment

Cooperative management and its effects on shade tree diversity, soil 200 Agroforestry Tree Mendez properties and ecosystem 76 111 Plants Coffee plants Provisioning Food production 9 systems services of coffee plantations in western El Salvador

The myth of complex 201 Tree Ruf Cocoa Agroforests: The Human Ecology 39 373 Plants Forest biota Provisioning Food production 1 case of Ghana

Fruit tree ecosystem 200 Ecological Bird Baumgartner service provision and 27 118 Plants Fruit trees Provisioning Food production 6 Engineering enhancement

Micronesian Mangroves forest structure and tree 201 Plant Kauffman Wetlands 30 1077 Plants Mangroves Provisioning Food production responses to a severe 0 typhoon

Evaluation of agricultural ecosystem services in 201 Paddy Water Plant Liu fallowing land based on online Early Plants Plants Provisioning Food production 1 Environment farmers' participation and model simulation

Grass mortality in semi- Perspectives in arid savanna: The role of 201 plant ecology, Perennial Plant Zimmermann 12 1 Plants Provisioning Forage production fire, competition and self- 0 evolution and grasses shading systematics

Ground-cover measurements: Assessing 200 Environmental Animal Booth correlation among aerial 42 1091 Plants Plants Provisioning Forage production 8 Management and ground-based methods

Decline in Medicinal and 200 Plant Klein forage species with Ecosystems 11 775 Plants Plants Provisioning Forage production 8 warming is mediated by plant traits on the Tibetan

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Plateau

Exotic vs. Native plant dominance over 20 years 201 Biological Plant Tognetti of old-succession on set- 143 2494 Plants Plants Provisioning Forage production 0 conservation aside farmland in Argentina

Lessons from visualising the landscape and habitat implications of tree decline 201 Landscape and Mammal Sherren and its remediation 103 248 Plants Trees Provisioning Forage production 1 Urban Planning through tree planting in Australia's grazing landscapes

Managing agricultural change for biodiversity 201 Biological Bird Fonderflick 143 737 Plants Plants Provisioning grazing conservation in a 0 conservation Mediterranean upland

Impact of communal land use and conservation on Forest Ecology 201 Woody Mammal Wessels Woody Vegetation and 261 19 Plants Provisioning grazing 1 Vegetation structure in the Lowveld Management savannas of South Africa

Measures of the effects of 200 Ecological Agricultural Pollinat* Dale agricultural practices on 64 286 Plants Multiple Multiple 7 Economics crops ecosystem services

Allelic diversity associated 200 Plant, Cell and Plant Peleg with aridity gradient in wild 31 39 Plants Emmer Wheat Not defined Not defined 8 Environment emmer wheat populations

Cost-benefit analysis of alien vegetation clearing for water yield and tourism 200 Ecological Plant Currie 68 2574 Plants Fynbos Not defined Not defined in a mountain catchment 9 Economics in the Western Cape of South Africa

Evenness drives consistent diversify effects 200 Journal of Plant Kirwan in intensive grassland 95 530 Plants Grassland Not defined Not defined 7 Ecology systems across 28 European sites

200 Biological Plant Wittig An indicator species 133 186 Plants Grassland Not defined Not defined approach for result- 6 conservation orientated subsidies of

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ecological services in grasslands - A study in Northwestern Germany

Belowground heathland responses after 2 years of 201 Plant Andresen combined warming, Biogeochemistry 101 27 Plants Heathland Not defined Not defined 0 elevated CO2 and summer drought

Fruit type life form and origin determine the 200 Biological Pollinat* Aronson success of woody plant 9 465 Plants Plants Not defined Not defined 7 Invasions invaders in a n urban landscape

Diversity-function relationships changed in a 200 Ecological Bacteria Doherty 21 2143 Plants Plants Not defined Not defined long-term restoration 8 Applications experiment

Long-term resistance to 200 Animal Grime simulated climate change PNAS 105 10028 Plants Plants Not defined Not defined 8 in an infertile grassland

Assessing the effect of the time since transition to 201 Journal of Plant Jonason 48 543 Plants Plants Not defined Not defined organic farming on plants 1 Applied Ecology and butterflies

Mapping understory vegetation using 201 Remote sensing Animal Tuanmu phenological 114 1833 Plants Plants Not defined Not defined 0 of Environment characteristics derived from remotely sensed data

Global response patterns 200 Plant Xia of terrestrial plant species New Phytologist 179 428 Plants Plants Not defined Not defined 8 to nitrogen addition

Do Polylepis australis trees tolerate herbivory? 201 Tree Giorgis Seasonal patterns of shoot Plant Ecology 207 307 Plants Trees Not defined Not defined 0 growth and its consumption by livestock

Above-ground biomass Forest Ecology dynamics after reduced- 201 Tree Mazzei and 259 367 Plants trees Not defined Not defined impact logging in the 0 Management Eastern Amazon

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A mixture of grass and clover combines the 200 Applied Soil Fungi van Eekeren positive effects of both 42 254 Plants Plants Supporting Nutrient cycling 9 Ecology plant species on selected soil biota

Decomposition of labile and recalcitrant litter types 201 Urban Plant Vauramo 14 59 Plants Plants Supporting Nutrient cycling under different plant 1 Ecosystems communities in urban soils

Determining ecological equivalence in service-to- 200 Environmental Plant Strange 29 290 Plants Salt Marsh Supporting Nutrient cycling service scaling of Salt 2 Management Marsh restoration

Shade coffee farms 200 Pollinat* Jha promote genetic diversity Current Biology 18 1126 Plants Coffee plants Regulating Pest regulation 8 of native trees

Exotic pest insects: 200 Plant Kaiser another perspective on Oryx 42 143 Plants Coffee plants Regulating Pest regulation 8 coffee and conservation

Phytotoxicity testing for herbicide regulation: Science of the Shortcomings in relation to 201 Plant Boutin total In press Plants Plants Regulating Pollination biodiversity and 1 environment ecosystem services in agrarian systems

A phylogenetically controlled analysis of the 201 Pollinat* Burns Oecologica 166 1009 Plants Plants Regulating Pollination roles of reproductive traits 1 in plant invasions

Loss of functional diversity under land use 200 Mammal Flynn Ecology Letters 12 22 Plants Plants Regulating Pollination intensification across 9 multiple taxa

Ecological restoration on farmland can drive Agriculture, 201 Pollinat* Pywell beneficial functional Ecosystems and 140 62 Plants Plants Regulating Pollination 1 responses in plant and Environment invertebrate communities

Is there a forest transition 201 Pollinat* Plieninger outside forests? Land use Policy 29 233 Plants Trees Regulating Pollination 2 Trajectories of farm trees and effects on ecosystem

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services in an agricultural landscape in Eastern Germany

Water quality and planktonic microbial 201 Pollution Bacteria Atkinson assemblages of isolated Wetlands 31 885 Plants Plankton Regulating 1 regulation wetlands in an agricultural landscape

Extinction risk assessment 201 Biological Pollution Plant Short of the World's seagrass 144 1961 Plants Seagrass Regulating 1 conservation regulation species

Using stable isotopes to understand hydrochemical processes in and around a 201 Applied Pollution Plant Mills 26 97 Plants Wetland plants Regulating Prairie Pothole wetland in 1 Geography regulation the Northern Great Plains, USA

Incorporating plant functional diversity effects 200 primary Animal Diaz PNAS 104 20684 Plants Plants Supporting in ecosystem service 7 productivity assessments

Local versus landscape- 200 Journal of Savanna primary Mammal Riginos scale effects of savanna 97 1337 Plants Supporting 9 Ecology Vegetation productivity trees on grasses

Conservation value for birds of traditionally 200 Biodiversity Bird Martin managed isolated trees in 18 2719 Plants Trees Provisioning Provisioning 9 Conservation an agricultural landscape of Madagascar

Encroachment of upland Mediterranean plant 201 Biodiversity Plant Santos species in riparian 19 2667 Plants Plants Cultural Recreational 0 Conservation ecosystems of southern Portugal

A river runs through it: Land-use and the composition of vegetation 201 Biological Riverbank Plant Meek 143 156 Plants Plants Regulating along a riparian corridor in 0 conservation stabilisation the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa

Bird Vallauri An analysis of forest 10 16 Plants Plants Supporting Seed dispersal 200 Restoration restoration 120 years after

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reforestation on badlands 2 Ecology in the Southwestern Alps

Enhanced seed dispersal of prunus africana in 200 Animal Farwig Oecologica 147 238 Plants Trees Supporting Seed dispersal fragmented and disturbed 6 forests

Functional trait differences between extant exotic native and extinct native 200 River Research Plant Kyle 25 892 Plants Plants Regulating Soil stabilising plants in the Hunter River, 9 and Applications NSW: A potential tool in riparian rehabilitation

Disturbance of biological soil crust increases 201 Plant Hernandez emergence of exotic Plant Ecology 212 1709 Plants Sage scrub Regulating Soil stabilising 1 vascular plants in California sage scrub

A tropical freshwater Wetlands wetland: III Direct use 200 Tree Drew Ecology and 13 685 Plants Trees Provisioning Timber values and other goods 5 Management and services

Achieving conservation objectives through Environmental 200 Tree Pejcher production forestry: The Science and 9 439 Plants Trees Provisioning Timber 6 case of Acacia Koa on Policy Hawaii Island

Do multipurpose companion trees affect 201 Agroforestry Tree Plath high value timber trees in 81 79 Plants Trees Provisioning Timber 1 systems a silvopastoral plantation system?

Estimating multiple benefits from vegetation in 200 Biodiversity Woody water Plant Koniak 18 3483 Plants Regulating Mediterranean 9 Conservation Vegetation conservation ecosystems

Characterizing forest succession with lidar data: 200 Remote sensing Plant Falkowski 113 946 Plants Forest Regulating Water regulation An evaluation for the 9 of Environment inland northwest USA

Vulnerability of mid- 200 Plant Schaberg Environmental 94 101 Plants Forest biota Regulating Water regulation Atlantic forested 4 monitoring and watersheds to timber

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harvest disturbance Assessment

Ecology and management of alien plant invasions in South African fynbos: 200 Biological Plant Roura-Pascual 2009 1595 Plants Fynbos Regulating Water regulation Accommodating key 9 conservation complexities in objective decision making

Spatial congruence between biodiversity and 200 Biological Animal Egoh 142 553 Plants Plants Regulating Water regulation ecosystem services in 9 conservation South Africa

Assessing the impacts of Proceedings of agricultural intensification 200 Bird Firbank the Royal 363 777 Plants Plants Regulating Water regulation on biodiversity: a British 8 Society London perspective

Aspen (Populus trmuloides) stands and 201 Plant Kuhn their contribution to plant Plant Ecology 212 1451 Plants Plants Regulating Water regulation 1 diversity in a semiarid coniferous landscape

Agricultural and green infrastructures: the Role of 201 Environmental Plant La Greca non-urbanised areas for 159 2193 Plants Plants Regulating Water regulation 1 pollution eco-sustainable planning in a metropolitan region

A catchment-based approach to mapping hydrological ecosystem 201 Ecological Plant Pert 7 378 Plants Plants Regulating Water regulation services using riparian 0 complexity habitat: A case study from the wet tropics Australia

Development of a Environmental reference coastal wetland 201 Plant Wigand monitoring and 161 583 Plants Plants Regulating Water regulation set in Southern New 0 Assessment England (USA)

Agricultural conservation practices and wetland 201 Ecological Plant De Steven ecosystem services in the 23 S3 Plants Wetland plants Regulating Water regulation 1 Applications wetland-rich Piedmont- Coastal plain region

Plant Lunt How widespread is woody 37 722 Plants Regulating Water regulation 201 Journal of Woody plant encroachment in

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temperate Australia? 0 Biogeography Vegetation Changes in Woody Vegetation cover in lowland woodland and coastal ecosystem in Victoria from 1989 to 2005

Impacts of species-led conservation on 201 Biodiversity and Carbon Bird Fisher ecosystem services of 20 2461 Vertebrates Birds Regulating 1 Conservation sequestration wetlands understanding co-benefits and tradeoffs

Amphibians as metrics of critical biological Amphibia 200 Freshwater Clean water Hartwell thresholds in forested 53 1470 Vertebrates Amphibians Regulating n 8 Biology provision headwater streams of the Pacific Northwest, USA

Local responses to a forest park in western 201 Animal Hartter Uganda: alternative Oryx 45 60 Vertebrates Animals Regulating Climate regulation 1 narratives on fortress conservation

Increased avian diversity is associated with lower 200 Animal Swaddle incidence of Humans west PlosOne 3 e2488 Vertebrates Birds Regulating Disease regulation 8 Nile infection: Observation of the dilution effect

Small-scale distribution of Invertebra juvenile gadoids in shallow 200 Journal of Moore 61 422 Vertebrates Marine fish Provisioning Fish nursery te inshore waters; what role 4 Marine Sciences does maerl play?

Declines in the tuber- feeding waterbird guild at Aquatic Shengjin Lake Conservation, 201 Plant Fox National Nature Reserve, Marine and 21 82 Vertebrates Birds Regulating flood control 1 China – a barometer of Freshwater submerged Ecosystems macrophyte collapse

Efficacy of riparian buffers in mitigating local Forest Ecology Amphibia population declines and 200 Peterman and 257 8 Vertebrates Salamanders Regulating Flood control n the effects of even-aged 9 Management timber harvest on larval salamanders

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Boreal fire effects on subsistence resources in 200 Animal Nelson Ecosystems 11 156 Vertebrates Animals Provisioning Food production Alaska and adjacent 8 Canada

Use and knowledge of the razor-billed curassow Journal of Pauxi tuberosa (spix, 201 Ethnobiology Animal Barros 1825) (galliformes, 7 1 Vertebrates Birds Provisioning Food production 1 and cracidae) by a riverine Ethnomedicine community of the Oriental Amazonia, Brazil

Fisheries production in Southeast Asian Farmer Managed aquatic systems 200 Fish Amilhat (FMAS) II. Diversity of Aquaculture 298 57 Vertebrates Fish Provisioning Food production 9 aquatic resources and management impacts on catch rates

The Worldwide costs of 200 Animal Balmford PNAS 101 9694 Vertebrates Fish Provisioning Food production marine protected areas 4

Anticipating ocean Environmental acidification's economic 200 Animal Cooley Research 4 24007 Vertebrates Fish Provisioning Food production consequences for 9 Letters commercial fisheries

Effects of River impoundment on ecosystem services of 200 Conservation Fish Hoeinghaus large tropical rivers: 23 1222 Vertebrates Fish Provisioning Food production 9 Biology Embodied energy and market of artisanal fisheries

Valuing freshwater salmon Journal of 200 Animal Knowler habitat on the west coast Environmental 69 261 Vertebrates Fish Provisioning Food production 3 of Canada management

Ecological and economic dynamics of the Shunde Journal of 200 Fish Lu agricultural system under Environmental 90 2589 Vertebrates Fish Provisioning Food production 9 China's small city management development strategy

Impact of land use on the Journal of 200 Animal O'Connor biodiversity integrity of the Environmental 90 384 Vertebrates Livestock Provisioning Food production 9 moist sub-biome of the management grassland biome South

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Africa

Comparing patterns of ecosystem service consumption and Environmental 201 Animal Zhen perceptions of range Research 5 15001 Vertebrates Livestock Provisioning Food production 0 management between Letters ethnic herders in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia

Fishing through marine 200 Fish Essington PNAS 103 3171 Vertebrates Marine fish Provisioning Food production food webs 6

Complex reef architecture supports more small- 201 Fish Alvarez-Filip bodied fish and longer Ecosphere 2 1 Vertebrates Reef fish Provisioning Food production 1 food chains on Caribbean reefs

Evaluating the impact of regional development 201 Ecological Plant Willemen 69 2244 Vertebrates Livestock Provisioning Forage production policies on future 0 Economics landscape services

Avifaunal Collapse in West 200 Conservation Bird Beier 16 1097 Vertebrates Birds Not defined Not defined African forest fragments 2 Biology

Population trends of European common birds 201 Global Change Bird Jiguet are predicted by 16 497 Vertebrates Birds Not defined Not defined 0 Biology characteristics of their climatic niche

Spatial segregation of 200 Bird Julliard specialists and generalists Ecology Letters 9 1237 Vertebrates Birds Not defined Not defined 6 in bird communities

Life in a double hotspot: the transformation of 200 Biological Fish Lockwood Hawaiian passerine bird 8 449 Vertebrates Birds Not defined Not defined 6 Invasions diversity following invasion and extinction

Landscape patterns influencing bird 200 Biological Bird Martinez-Morales assemblages in a 121 117 Vertebrates Birds Not defined Not defined 5 conservation fragmented neotropical cloud forest

Bird Rafiee Assessment of changes in International 11 431 Vertebrates Birds Not defined Not defined 200 urban green spaces of Journal of

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Mashad city using satellite 9 Applied Earth data Observation and Geoinformation

Climate warming, marine Vertebrat protected areas and the 200 Graham PlosOne 3 e3039 Vertebrates Fish Not defined Not defined e ocean-scale integrity of 8 coral reef ecosystems

History and timing of Proceedings of 200 Fish Verschuren Humans impact on lake the Royal 269 289 Vertebrates Fish Not defined Not defined 2 Victoria, East Africa Society London

Ten years of adaptive community-governed conservation: evaluating 201 Environmental Bird Sheppard biodiversity protection and 37 270 Vertebrates Hippopotamus Not defined Not defined 0 conservation poverty alleviation in a West African hippopotamus reserve

Community structure and Philosophical diversity of tropical forest 201 Transactions of Mammal Ahumada mammals: data from a 366 2703 Vertebrates Mammals Not defined Not defined 2 the Royal global camera trap Society network

Community markets for conservation (COMACO) links biodiversity 201 Animal Lewis conservation with PNAS 108 13957 Vertebrates Mammals Not defined Not defined 1 sustainable improvements in livelihoods and food production

Effect of diversity of large wildlife species on Environmental 201 Animal Naidoo financial benefits to local Resource 48 321 Vertebrates Mammals Not defined Not defined 1 communities in Northwest Economics Namibia

Average functional distinctness as a measure 200 Journal of Fish Somerfield 65 1462 Vertebrates Marine fish Not defined Not defined of the composition of 8 Marine Sciences assemblages

Estimating the value of non-use benefits from 201 Conservation Animal Dutton 24 1479 Vertebrates Water voles Not defined Not defined small changes in provision 0 Biology of ecosystem service

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Bats limit insects in a 200 Bat Williams-Guillen neotropical agroforestry Science 320 70 Vertebrates Bats Regulating Pest regulation 8 system

Expansion and intensification of row crop agriculture in the pampas Agriculture, 201 Bird Gavier-Pizarro and espinal of Argentina Ecosystems and In press Vertebrates Birds Regulating Pest regulation 1 can reduce ecosystem Environment service provision by changing avian density

Roosting behaviour of a migratory songbird on Bird Jamaican coffee farms: 201 Bird Jirinec Conservation 21 353 Vertebrates Birds Regulating Pest regulation landscape composition 1 International may affect delivery of an ecosystem service

The effects of cropping systems on avian communities in Cacao and 201 Pest Wilsey Biotropica 43 68 Vertebrates Birds Regulating Pest regulation Banana Agro-Forestry 1 Systems of Talamanca, Costa Rica

The missing part of seed dispersal networks: 201 Pollinat* Mello Plos One 6 e17395 Vertebrates Bats Regulating Pollination structure and robustness 1 of Bat-fruit interactions

Reduced impact logging has little effect on 200 Pollinat* Presley temporal activity of Biotropica 41 369 Vertebrates Bats Regulating Pollination 9 frugivorous bat in lowland Amazonia

Tropical deforestation 200 Pollinat* Hadley alters hummingbird Biology letters 5 207 Vertebrates Birds Regulating Pollination 9 movement patterns

Ecosystem consequences 200 Pollinat* Sekercioglu PNAS 101 18045 Vertebrates Birds Regulating Pollination of bird declines 4

Climate change and the Proceedings of effects of temperature 200 Animal Welbergen the Royal 275 419 Vertebrates Flying-foxes Regulating Pollination extremes on Australian 8 Society London Flying-foxes

Pollinat* Engel American 90 1612 Vertebrates Hummingbird Regulating Pollination Linking pollinator visitation 200 Journal of

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rate and pollen receipt 3 Botany

Do we protect biological originality in protected areas? A new index and 200 Biological primary Fish Mouillot 141 1569 Vertebrates Fish Supporting an application to the 8 conservation productivity Bonifacio Strai Natural reserve

Coral reef habitat as surrogates of species 200 Conservation primary Fish Mumby 22 941 Vertebrates Reef fish Supporting ecological functions and 8 Biology productivity ecosystem services

Comparing spatially explicit ecological and 201 Conservation Animal Bryan social values for natural 25 172 Vertebrates Animals Cultural Recreational 1 Biology areas to identify effective conservation strategies

Value of large-scale linear networks for bird Agriculture, 201 Bird Lentini conservation: A case Ecosystems and 141 302 Vertebrates Livestock Cultural Recreational 1 study from travelling stock Environment routes, Australia

Economic valuation of a seed dispersal service in 200 Ecological Pollinat* Hougner 59 364 Vertebrates Birds Regulating Regulating the Stockholm National 6 Economics Urban Park, Sweden

Frugivory by small Vertebrat vertebrates within a 200 Griscom Biotropica 39 278 Vertebrates Bats Supporting Seed dispersal e deforested, dry tropical 7 region of central America

Landscape ecology of the burrowing bettong: Warren Vertebrat 200 Noble distribution and patch Austral Ecology 32 326 Vertebrates Bettong Supporting Seed dispersal e 7 dynamics in semiarid eastern Australia

Contrasting spatial Philosophical patterns of taxonomic and 200 Transactions of Bird Cumming functional richness offer 364 1683 Vertebrates Birds Supporting Seed dispersal 9 the Royal insights into potential loss Society of ecosystem services

200 Conservation Bird Kirika Effects of local 22 318 Vertebrates Birds Supporting Seed dispersal disturbance of tropical 8 Biology forests on frugivores and

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seed removal of a small- seeded afrotropical tree

Seed-dispersal Proceedings of distributions by trumpeter 201 Bird Lenz the Royal 278 2257 Vertebrates Birds Supporting Seed dispersal hornbills in fragmented 1 Society London landscapes

The modularity of seed dispersal: differences in 201 Pollinat* Mello structure and robustness Oecologica 167 131 Vertebrates Birds Supporting Seed dispersal 1 between bat- and bird - fruit networks

The value of fruit security for the conservation of a 201 Biodiversity and Bird Peters neotropical frugivore in 20 2041 Vertebrates Birds Supporting Seed dispersal 1 Conservation Humans-dominated landscapes

Building wood debris piles benefits avian seed Forest Ecology 201 Bird Rost dispersers in burned and and 260 79 Vertebrates Birds Supporting Seed dispersal 0 logged Mediterranean pine Management forests

Seed dispersal by spider monkeys and its importance in the 200 Journal of Spider Link 22 235 Vertebrates Mammals Supporting Seed dispersal maintenance of 6 Tropical ecology neotropical rain-forest diversity

Impacts of adjacent land 201 Environmental Animal Smith use and Isolation on 45 1040 Vertebrates Birds Regulating Water regulation 0 Management Marsh Bird Communities

Traditional Ecological knowledge trends in the Gomez- transition to a market 201 Conservation Animal 24 721 Vertebrates Livestock Regulating Water regulation Baggethun economy: Empirical study 0 Biology in the Donana Natural Areas

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 4 – Expert consultation workshop minutes

Appendix 4. Expert consultation workshop minutes

MAPISCo workshop 12-13 March 2012: Held at UNEP-WCMC Cambridge

WORKSHOP MINUTES Day 1 (12 March) Jon Hutton welcomed participants to the Workshop. Mark Whittingham (project leader) introduced the team from Newcastle and the Project. Mark Whittingham: The MAPISCo project will prioritise species for international conservation action by considering wider or consequential benefits (CBs). The main aspect of the project is to design a methodology to generate of a list of priority species. The aim of the workshop is to explore data sources and endorse the methodology under development by the project. Phil McGowan: Presented the current status of the MAPISCo methodology. The methodology must incorporate a suite of policy aspirations, but must also be as scientifically defensible as possible. Defra currently has no evidence-based system to decide its spending priorities for species conservation. Investment in species conservation must be as effective as possible, with outcomes that contribute to the Aichi Targets of CBD. Defra has identified four CBs as priorities for the project to consider: ecosystem service (ES) delivery, habitat and area protection, sustainable harvesting and conservation of genetic diversity. It is intended that the methodology remains open, so that other CBs can be added if necessary/desired in the future. The next stage of the project will be to identify species, conservation of which will have CBs, as well as identify species with potential future links where evidence is currently lacking. These would lead to a long list (LL), which will go through further prioritisation to generate a short list. Consideration would need to be given to IUCN threat, as well as policy implementation. Dominic Whitmee: Outlined the need to target species conservation funds more efficiently, whilst also to delivering on the UK commitments to the Aichi Targets. Consistent science-based methods are needed to target UK resources to species conservation and to focus inputs to CMS and CITES. Discussion: Questions over the balance between Aichi Target 12 (preventing species extinctions) and other targets. The MAPISCo Tool will be an advisory one but will there also be criteria for decision- making? Science can also be value laden. Questions over whether conservation should be proactive or reactive. If reactive, then critically endangered species may feature more highly. If proactive, then species which are not yet endangered but which have CBs may score more highly. For the UK OTS, the tool will likely be an advisory tool, the OTs have their own priorities, and the UK should recognise and support these. The UK has responsibility to deliver on Target 12 with the OTS. Discussion: Should the first cut be threatened species? This had been considered by the project team but initially rejected as some species with broad or multiple CBs may not be threatened. There would be a risk that some highly threatened species are “thrown away” where there is no evidence of CBs. How will the number of species on the short list be limited/defined? The project team noted that more discussion with Defra was needed on a suite of delivery mechanisms that would be manageable. This would be more policy than science driven. However it might not matter how long the list is, but more importantly, what the top species are.

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There was hesitance about including Red List threat status in LL criteria, as this would start from a taxonomically biased predefined list. However, threat status could be included as a filtering criterion. There was a suggestion that prioritised species/groups should be those that could be easily monitored to determine whether investment is effective, e.g. is harvesting sustainable. Species could also be scored both on threat status and CBs, so that highly threatened species receive a high score even if there are no CBs. Equally, those which have multiple CBs are given a high score. This approach would be similar to that of the EDGE (Evolutionarily Distinct & Globally Endangered) project, which scores species for both evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) and global threat status independently, yielding a combined score to prioritise species. There was a question as to whether sites and places would also be prioritised by Defra as arguably, many Aichi Targets could be more easily delivered at site scale. DW clarified that Defra was not considering habitat scales, but a species approach initially. However if a valuable method from this species project was generated, then habitats may be incorporated later. It was noted that the UK Overseas Territories have their own priority species, many of which may be iconic, but may have no CBs. These should not be marginalised. The different funding streams and political sensitivities were outlined. One perspective was that cultural and iconic species are part of ES (cultural services), so these species could still be picked up if appropriate data exists. In the OTs, there may be a risk that methods exclude certain important or threatened species for which Defra has a responsibility, because of the lack of linkages to ES, or genetic resources etc. Further consideration of the emphasis of Target 12 was required. The importance of bringing social and economic aspects in to the methodology was noted. Defra felt that socio-economic themes may be brought in later in the project so that political considerations are kept out of method, which needed to be strong scientifically. Valuable datasets/methods include the Crisis Ecoregions datasets (TNC), and the Ocean Health Index for the marine environment (with species lists?) by Conservation International. Jeroen Minderman: Linking species to consequential benefits Possible approaches for examining CBs were outlined: For habitats and area protection, it might be possible to use existing ‘Global 200’ ecoregions or critical ecoregions, umbrella or keystone species (using existing literature). For sustainable harvesting, existing FAO stock assessments could be useful. Although there are limitations: status may change over time, and there may be limited availability for invertebrates and aquatic plants. Another option would be to look at Red List species that are harvested, but again there would be a taxonomic bias as not all species have been assessed. For genetic diversity existing work could be used, e.g. the FAO report prepared by Nigel Maxted that lists crop wild relatives (downloadable from the internet). ED scores from the EDGE programme could provide a list of species to add to the long list on the basis of their evolutionarily distinctiveness. However, ED scores are not representative for plants, as too many are data deficient. ED scores are not available for marine species. For ES it is important to remember that sustainable harvesting and genetic diversity can be classified under ES. There is little evidence of direct links between ES and species, very few studies look at ES overall. Discussion: To ensure cost-effective conservation delivery, Defra may also need a project project/application prioritisation protocol (e.g. Darwin assessments), in addition to the species lists. Efficiency of conservation funding will be considered at a later stage.

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A single methodology and list will not be sufficient; the needs of different user groups will determine different funding priorities and different lists. An advantage of a habitat approach is that it looks at functional diversity at ecosystem level where traits are important. Alison Rosser: Conservation implementation mechanisms It will be important to consider how tractable the list will be in terms of delivering conservation benefits and to recognise the limitations of links with CBs. For example experts in the UK NEA were reasonably confident that lower taxonomic groups are important for ES delivery but evidence of direct species links is often lacking. If the list is to deliver policy outcomes, should it include existing species, or species groups “prioritised” through the Flagship species fund, those under CITES and CMS, under RFMOs, and in national NBASPs? Discussion: The importance of considering human factors in developing proactive conservation approaches. This can be taken into account for many species by the future projection criterion of the Red List. Livelihood considerations will be important and the Red List is starting to collect data on this. Matt Grainger: What is the evidence base linking species and ES in literature? The evidence that links species and ES is limited. From a keyword search in Scopus over 4000 articles were identified that mentioned ES, of these 10% were sampled (451 peer reviewed articles). Of those 28% had evidence (controlled trials; before and after analysis) of direct links between species and ES. Pollination, pest services and food were the most commonly cited species links. The ES provided by broad species groups included pollination by bees, and food and carbon sequestration by plants. However, the evidence is often contextual, on a small scale and the service can be determined by landscape. This is particularly the case where links are made on a species level. For example, some species provide ES in one context but a disservice in another; e.g. European honeybee Apis mellifera in Australia and US. Discussion: ES is a recent term, by searching on this keyword it is likely that older literature has been missed. In terms of natural biological control (predator prey relationship) – species interactions are more prevalent in literature. It was also noted that absence of reference to an ES does not mean that a particular species does not provide any ES – an absence of evidence rather than evidence of absence. The methodology excluded review papers but these could have been useful, e.g. for birds. Target 12 – how should this be prioritised – is this an ES? “Co-benefits” is preferred terminology rather than consequential benefits.

Introduction of the Data collection matrix It was noted that it is important to define exactly what we mean by ES, otherwise the work will remain too conceptual. This could be done by checking the wording of the ES target and by referring to the MEA checklist. It is important to identify where there are knowledge gaps in terms of ES delivery by species. The genetic diversity CB should be refined by specifying its particular relevance to species with socio-economic use. OTs are discrete geographic entities so it may be preferable to start with geographic entities and work to species within these. The prioritisation method may need to be extended to identify species in OTs and considering the priorities already identified by these governments. There is no government-funded global ex-situ conservation of crop relatives. Using the FAO list and gene pool concepts as well as taxon concepts, a list of 1400 globally important

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 4 – Expert consultation workshop minutes

species was generated. Existing Protected Areas can now be searched to see how many of these species are protected. This approach can also be used for timber species. Synonymy may be an issue when collating species from different databases; this may be a particular problem for plants.

Reports from working group discussions Group 1 covered ES and sustainable harvesting Sustainable Harvesting (Aquatic species): Potential data sources include FishBase, FAO Stock lists, ICES (fish only), and the Global Red List filtered by utilisation and threat. Marine fish are not comprehensively assessed on the RL. FAO Stock lists are not species lists but have a high degree of policy relevance. Some data sources will have relevance to bycatch and these could be added to LL on that basis. More broadly, it may be necessary to consider impacts of harvesting on non-harvested species. Sustainable harvesting (Terrestrial species): Potential data sources include: the Red List filter by utilisation and threat; CITES, FAO for medicinal plants and timber species, TRAFFIC data, CIFOR, and Kew lists of plant species which are important for fibre. It was noted that this would create a very long LL. The Aichi Target considers specifically aquatic species so considering harvesting of terrestrial species would move beyond those CBs prioritised by Defra. Ecosystem Services It was agreed that linking species to ES is very difficult. It may be possible to generate lists for some taxonomic groups, for some ecosystem functions. However such lists would be context-specific even for “better known” ES such as pollination and pest control. An alternative approach might be to list important or “better-known” functional service groups and then identify species relevant to these. The Defra representative recognised the challenges associated with ES as a CB and noted that further discussion would be needed with the steering group - perhaps some of the ES need to be prioritised. If support is provided to projects to achieve ES and also support biodiversity; then project proponents can be asked to identify which ES benefits their project will provide rather than limiting funding to some species due to lack of known linkages. Group 2 considered genetic diversity, habitat and area conservation and sustainable harvesting Genetic Diversity (separated into sections based on Aichi Target wording) Domesticated and farmed species. Potential data sources include IUCN SSC Crop Wild Relative SG (Plants), wild relatives of domesticated animals in FAO State of the Worlds Animal Genetic Resources, IUCN Medicinal Plant Species SG, and RBG Kew Ethno- botany group. Socio-economically important. Potential data sources include the Global RL (“Utilisation” categories - but patchy taxonomically), SEPASAL, “Plants for a Future” (plants), FAOStat (economic value of fisheries). Sound data available for plants but perhaps less so for other groups. Cultural importance. There is no single list of species of cultural importance. While there are ad hoc instances of national birds, sacred sites etc., this is generally going to be the CB with the weakest data available.

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Habitats and area conservation Prevention of loss of natural habitats. Potential data sources include: 1. “Trigger species” for e.g. Important Plant Areas, Key Biodiversity Areas, Ecologically or Biologically Sensitive Areas, Important Bird Areas and sites identified in the Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE). The rationale for identifying species via IBA and AZE is sound but coverage across taxonomic groups not consistent. Further discussion on how to account for this is necessary, and perhaps necessary to expand to other data sources. 2. Lists of species within Crisis Ecoregions 3. Global Red List, species in habitat loss categories. Sustainability of areas used for production. This CB was not considered to be directly relevant to habitats but rather to particular threats, which should be covered via other CBs (e.g. sustainable harvesting). Protected areas. This CB was considered to be less directly relevant in terms of linking species to habitats and better addressed by a site-based approach, and (partly) covered by contributions to preventing further loss of natural habitats (above). Sustainable harvesting (separated into sections based on Aichi Target wording) Sustainability of fisheries and harvesting. Potential data sources include Global Red List data for species included under fisheries/harvesting threat, Nereus, FishBase, specific species under CITES. No adverse impact on threatened species. This is the part of the target most clearly linked to individual species. The best data source is the Global RL which includes a threat category related to aquatic harvesting. Safe ecological limits. It was less clear how this part of the target would link to species and how to interpret it quantitatively as there is no clear definition of “safe ecological limits”. In part this part could be covered by sustainability of fisheries and non-adverse effects on threatened species (above). Discussion In terms of methodological process, starting from contexts set out in proposed conservation actions would be useful as opposed to starting from an a priori list of priority species. This would address concerns raised about missing highly threatened species that do not have specific CBs associated with them. This would be useful to discuss with Steering Group going forward. Although such an approach may well be a useful for deciding on funding proposals, it would not be useful for setting policy directions (e.g. species proposals for CITES). There is a need to explicitly consider data sources for taxonomic groups where available data is limited (e.g. plants, invertebrates), or to consider whether for such groups a habitat/landscape approach would be more suitable.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 4 – Expert consultation workshop minutes

Day 2 (13 March) Validation of and additions to discussions from Day 1 Habitat and area conservation Using “trigger species” for area based conservation were again endorsed as a good starting point for prioritising species that deliver habitat benefits (AZE, IBAs, KBAs, Crisis eco-regions and Ocean Health regions). But for Target 11 (protected areas) a wider policy for landscapes will need to be separated out. For the 1400 crop wild relatives, where they exist in protected areas, management plans will be adapted to maintain genetic diversity. For these species it will be important to develop a weighting methodology as these species could deliver two ES or co-benefits – namely habitat protection and genetic diversity. In terms of data availability, the RL has a habitat categorisation, and also one for threatening processes, but information can be patchy for some taxonomic groups.

Conservation of genetic diversity Information on Crop wild relatives and on 5 livestock species is available. Genepool and taxon concepts used in plants to identify wild relatives may also be useful for animals. It may be necessary to consider including animals used in pet trade (data sources: CITES/ GMAD, etc.).

Cultural values Linking species to cultural values will be difficult. Although the collation of a patchy list will be possible it cannot be comprehensive. As a general recommendation from the MAPISCo project, a review on such matters will be useful. Sustainable Use Lists of by-catch species are available from RFMO’s (for CMS species), but this would be non-quantitative information only. It may be necessary to consider habitats affected by harvesting. Potential data sources include FAO Vulnerable Marine ecosystems, which may have species lists associated with them. Coral reefs can be affected by harvesting, although there was no agreement on who holds data on species links in such contexts. Similarly, hydrothermal vents can be impacted by deep sea fisheries but again no species links may be available. Ecosystem services Governments are focussed on ES and so, despite the difficulty in finding evidence of direct links between ES and species, it is very important to address this. The relevant Aichi Target actually focuses on: water; health; livelihoods; and well-being. A focus on these services might make “ES” more tractable. Furthermore, the target requires that essential services are safeguarded and restored. Thus is will be important to identify the ecosystems that need to be restored and safeguarded (e.g. crisis ecosystems?) and identifying priority species within such ecosystems. After discussing the possibility of sticking to functional groups, it was recommended that a different methodology be developed to discriminate between species by using a weighting system to compare the different potential links for each species. For example projects or listing proposals could be assessed on the basis of their apparent co-benefit contributions. Defra will go back to the steering group to seek further guidance on this issue. To show the complexity of dealing with ES, it will be important to show examples of the numbers of species potentially involved and the lack of tight evidence linking the species with the ES.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 4 – Expert consultation workshop minutes

The consensus is that even for “better-known” service groups such as pollination or pest- control, 100s of potential species and exponentially more interactions between them are involved; and little reliable evidence is available that is not extremely context-dependent. Questionnaire to assess support for alternative methodological approaches Participants were presented with a questionnaire that offers three alternative approaches for taking the prioritisation methodology forward: Approach 1. A ‘long list’ will be derived using consequential benefits (not including threatened species as a consequential benefit per se) and the short list refined by a range of criteria including threat status. Approach 2. A ‘long list’ will be derived using consequential benefits but also including threatened species as a consequential benefit and the short list refined by a range of criteria (not including threat status). Approach 3. Derive the long list by using threatened species (red list – higher ranked species) only and then derive the short list from a further set of criteria including consequential benefits. Approach 3 was the least preferred option, and approach 1 the most preferred, although the latter was separated by approach 2 by only one vote. A range of alternative options was suggested. Issues with Approach 2 Highly threatened species not associated with consequential benefits may “drop off”. Preference is for ranking of species, rather than using an arbitrary “cut off”.

Alternative approach proposed Species lists would be compiled from e.g. : 1. Species assessed in the Red List and coded against particular threats or utilisation; 2. Plants on the GSPC list; 3. Fish from FAO and Fishbase; and 4. Invertebrates and other species from other data sources e.g. CITES, FAO etc., where available. Each species would then be given a weighting score against the consequential benefits (CBs) and threat status. The weighting criteria could be varied depending on the policy intent of using the list. Data gaps would be highlighted in the list. Uncertainty and data quality could also be scored. Distribution data would also be included. The list could be updated cost-effectively, e.g. by the institutions that provide the data. It could involve many existing UK institutions. The ‘long list’ would be evidence-based, whereas the ‘short list’ is would be value-based depending on the weighting criteria. This approach is similar to that used for the Ocean Health Index. Defra noted concern about the time, financial costs and the need to understand the management element of this. The Project team were requested to send more details of the implications of developing this approach. By mid 2013 Defra needs a working list to advise ministers. It was estimated that it could take approximately two months to combine the Global RL, FishBase, lists of CWR and the GSPC list.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 4 – Expert consultation workshop minutes

Final session Agreement: The alternative approach suggested (outlined above) is generally acceptable and would be an appropriate way forward. Agreement: Cannot generally link species directly with ecosystem services (ES) and it may only be possible to use functional groups. Species links are only available in highly specific contexts (e.g. sites) or functional groups (e.g. medicinal plants). Agreement: No list of culturally important species is available. Action: A table that breaks down targets and lists data sources for each target and taxonomic group will be circulated to Workshop participants. Action: Paper on the general lack of use of species in providing ES to feed into the policy arena to be developed and circulated. Action: Outcomes of the project will be circulated amongst Workshop participants for comment as far in advance as possible. Timeline: Project finishes in September 2012 with potential extension. The project extension may involve sensitivity analyses of the priority list. Action: Include the currently available material on plants, and update as necessary. Project team members to negotiate further with RBG Kew. Action: the project team to provide a set of recommendations for the MAPISCo SG, based on discussions at the Workshop, including an assessment of the time required to develop the new methodological approach and project management implications. Action: Defra to provide feedback on the new approach within the next month. Defra – noted the excellent progress and thanked all for their inputs. Mark Whittingham / Phil McGowan – thanked all the participants for their extremely valuable contributions. Participants List

First name Last name Affiliation Steve Bachman Kew Nils Bunnefeld Imperial College Stuart Butchart Birdlife Matt Grainger WPA Mike Hoffmann SSC Jon Hutton WCMC Nigel Leader-Williams University of Cambridge Nigel Maxted SSC Noel McGough Kew Philip McGowan WPA Claire Mclardy WCMC Chris McOwen WCMC Jeroen Minderman Newcastle University Megan Parry WCMC Judith Pell Rothamsted Research Jon Paul Rodriguez SSC Alison Rosser WCMC Kevin Smith IUCN-SSC Selina Stead Newcastle University David Stroud JNCC Arnout van Soesbergen King’s College, London Tony Weighell JNCC Dominic Whitmee Defra Mark Whittingham Newcastle University

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 5 – Conservation actions report (subcontract)

Appendix 5 - Conservation actions report (WCMC)

“Rapid Assessment Report to Support Development of a Methodology for the Assessment of Priorities for International Species Conservation (MAPISCo): Synthesis of Lessons Learned Regarding Targeted Conservation Actions” . UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge, UK.

Provided as separate pdf file

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 6 – Database structure and selected R scripts

Appendix 6 - Database structure and selected r scripts

Data from the sources described in section 3.2 were cleaned and compiled using R (v. 2.15.0, R Development Core Team 2012) and resulting tables stored in a SQLite relational database (v. 3.7.11). A master list of scientific names was compiled from all sources and each species was attributed a unique ID number. This species ID was used to link unique species between 18 tables holding the data from each source. Country-level data (estimated rates of deforestation, carbon stocks per forest ha and freshwater supply, see section 3.2.4) were stored in tables linked on country names as used by the IUCN Red List 2012.1 (ISO-3166-1/ISO 1997 standard), and country- and habitat data were held in two separate many-to-many tables listing all species against respectively the countries and habitat categories (forest and/or wetland) in which they occur.

The main output table of all species listed against all data sources was constructed by joining the species master list with all data source tables (a series of “Full Outer Join” queries). Country-level values for ES (section 3.2.5) were joined using two nested sub-queries, which averaged values across all countries each species occurs in. The resulting main output table contained a row per species, with either a relevant value for each data source, or a “blank” indicating the species does not occur in that data set.

Together, compilation of data sources, data “cleaning”, organising the database and deciding on the prioritisation methodology took a substantial part of the time taken for phase 1 of the project (an estimated 2.5, 1, 1.5 and 1 months respectively). It is important to note that many more data sources were investigated than were deemed suitable for use in the final methodology. This was mainly a result of taxonomic or geographic biases in datasets, or general data accessibility issues. For example, for the habitat co-benefit, Biodiversity hotpots (Myers et al. 2000) and the Global “200” ecoregions project data (Olsen & Dinerstein 2002) could not be used as species associations made in the lists were taxonomically biased and the data were not easily available. For the harvest co-benefit, the Seas Around Us project (www.seaaroundus.org) was also rejected due to the data not being publicly accessible. For the genetic diversity co-benefit, the SEPASAL database (www.kew.org/ceb/sepasal) was rejected as data were deemed to be both taxonomically and regionally biased as well as being difficult to access. Further examples of investigated but unsuitable databases are listed in Table A5-1

In the following, we provide abridged versions of the R scripts used to interact with the MAPISCo SQLite database, and build a flat file used for analysis. Note that further scripts to both “clean” and organize the original data, and to actually construct the database, were used. For brevity these were not included here but these are available on request.

In the first part of the script (starting line X), the database is loaded and a number of subqueries are constructed to produce intermediate tables. The key query to construct a large, flat file for analysis is provided in lines highlighted in orange.

In the second part of the script, the flat file is loaded for analysis. The raw data is then scored (this is where category scoring can be changed), and rescaled. A number of functions are then specified which are used later in analysis. The key function calculating final priority scores is calcP_SUM() (highlighted in green). This function takes the raw data and five values as its arguments: the five values are the co-benefit weightings. These should be set to the desired levels when the function is called (e.g. line highlighted in red). The default for all of them is 1.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 6 – Database structure and selected R scripts

### MAPISCo 02 - build and query database.r ### COMBINE RE-WORKED FILES INTO DATABASE AND PERFORM QUERIES library(RSQLite) setwd('~/Documents/docs/MAPISCo/000_Data/') drv <- dbDriver("SQLite") con <- dbConnect(drv, "mapisco.db")

###### QUERIES:

### TEST QUERY: dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT * FROM grouping LIMIT 10")

## Build indexed tables for each region first. sAsia <- dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT DISTINCT spid FROM country_spid WHERE country IN (SELECT country FROM regions WHERE region='South Asia') ") sAsia$sAsia <- 1 dbWriteTable(con, "sAsia", sAsia, row.names=F) rm(sAsia) seAsia <- dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT DISTINCT spid FROM country_spid WHERE country IN (SELECT country FROM regions WHERE region='Southeast Asia') ") seAsia$seAsia <- 1 dbWriteTable(con, "seAsia", seAsia, row.names=F) rm(seAsia) sAmerica <- dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT DISTINCT spid FROM country_spid WHERE country IN (SELECT country FROM regions WHERE region='South America') ") sAmerica$sAmerica <- 1 dbWriteTable(con, "sAmerica", sAmerica, row.names=F) rm(sAmerica)

### This query (1) joins DEFOREST and FCARBON tables, and multiplies both ### values into a new column CarbonDeforest, estimating Tonnes of carbon ### lost per ha per year if deforestation rates continue on 2005-2010 levels, ### and (2) joins the result with the COUNTRY_SPID table, on country values. ### This results in another subquery with the estimated C loss from deforestation ### matched against many individual species occuring in many countries. ### The next (outer) query then averages the estimated C loss from deforestation ### by 'spid', so per species across all countries it occurs in. ### Note this could be integrated with the final "full outer join" query below ### but doing it separately keeps the two queries more readable. avcdeforest_spid <- dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT spid, avg(CarbonDeforest) 'AvCDeforest' FROM ( SELECT country_spid.country 'country', country_spid.spid 'spid', CarbonDeforest FROM country_spid JOIN (SELECT fcarbon.country, TperHa2010, deforest_rate, TperHa2010*deforest_rate 'CarbonDeforest' FROM fcarbon

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 6 – Database structure and selected R scripts

JOIN deforest ON fcarbon.country=deforest.country) a ON country_spid.country=a.country ) GROUP BY spid") dbWriteTable(con, "avcdeforest_spid", avcdeforest_spid, row.names=F) rm(avcdeforest_spid)

### This replicates the operation above for freshwater supply: avFWsupply <- dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT spid, avg(m3FWpCpy) 'AvFWsupply' FROM ( SELECT country_spid.country, country_spid.spid, m3FWpCpy FROM country_spid JOIN fwater ON country_spid.country=fwater.country ) GROUP BY spid") dbWriteTable(con, "avFWsupply", avFWsupply, row.names=F) rm(avFWsupply)

# dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT * FROM avcdeforest_spid LIMIT 25")

### Indexed table for all UKOTs and specific example: ukot_spid <- dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT DISTINCT spid FROM country_spid WHERE country IN (SELECT country FROM ukots)" ) ukot_spid$ukot <- 1 biot_spid <- dbGetQuery(con, "SELECT spid FROM country_spid WHERE country='British Indian Ocean Territory'") biot_spid$biot <- 1 dbWriteTable(con, "ukot_spid", ukot_spid, row.names=F) dbWriteTable(con, "biot_spid", biot_spid, row.names=F) rm(biot_spid, ukot_spid)

### COMBINE EVERYTHING INTO SINGLE QUERY, SAVE AS FLAT FILE FOR ANALYSIS:

OUT <- dbGetQuery(con, " SELECT spp.spid, spp.binomial, tgroup, vernacular, status, rl_category 'srli_status', aculture, aculture_rl, cwr, bgci_med_priority, fb_comm_overall, aze_cocount, doman, meanSpp, sAsia, seAsia, sAmerica, ukot, biot, forest, wetland, AvCDeforest, AvFWsupply FROM spp LEFT OUTER JOIN grouping ON spp.spid=grouping.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN rl_tax ON spp.spid=rl_tax.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN rl_status ON spp.spid=rl_status.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN srli_status

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 6 – Database structure and selected R scripts

ON spp.spid=srli_status.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT * FROM aculture) a ON spp.spid=a.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN rl_ac ON spp.spid=rl_ac.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN (SELECT DISTINCT spid,cwr FROM cwr) b ON spp.spid=b.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN bgci ON spp.spid=bgci.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN fb_elsewhere ON spp.spid=fb_elsewhere.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN aze_spp ON spp.spid=aze_spp.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN doman ON spp.spid=doman.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN iba_spp_mn ON spp.spid=iba_spp_mn.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN sAsia ON spp.spid=sAsia.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN seAsia ON spp.spid=seAsia.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN sAmerica ON spp.spid=sAmerica.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN ukot_spid ON spp.spid=ukot_spid.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN biot_spid ON spp.spid=biot_spid.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN hab_forest ON spp.spid=hab_forest.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN hab_wland ON spp.spid=hab_wland.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN avcdeforest_spid ON spp.spid=avcdeforest_spid.spid LEFT OUTER JOIN avFWsupply ON spp.spid=avFWsupply.spid ") write.csv(OUT, '000_OUTPUT/FULL LIST FLAT.csv', row.names=F, na="")

#### MAPISCo 03 - SCORING, WEIGHTING & PRIORITISATION #### library(reshape2) library(plyr) library(ggplot2) library(RColorBrewer) library(RSQLite) setwd('~/Documents/docs/MAPISCo/000_Data/000_OUTPUT') all <- read.csv('FULL LIST FLAT.csv', header=T)

###### SCORING

### Red list status print(levels(all$status)) table_status <- rbind(c("", NA), c("CR",9), c("EW",8), c("EN",7), c("VU",6), c("NT",5), c("DD",4), c("LR/cd",3), c("LR/lc",3), c("LR/nt",3), c("LC",2), c("EX",1) ) table_status <- as.data.frame(table_status) names(table_status) <- c("status","score") table_status$score <- as.vector(table_status$score) all$s_status <- table_status$score[match(all$status, table_status$status)] all$s_status <- as.numeric(all$s_status)

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 6 – Database structure and selected R scripts

### SRLI plants: print(levels(all$srli_status)) table_srli <- rbind(c("", NA), c("CR",9), c("EW",8), c("EN",7), c("VU",6), c("NT",5), c("DD",4), c("LR/cd",3), c("LR/lc",3), c("LR/nt",3), c("LC",2), c("NE",1), c("EX",1) ) table_srli <- as.data.frame(table_srli) names(table_srli) <- c("srli","score") table_srli$score <- as.vector(table_srli$score) all$s_srli <- table_srli$score[match(all$srli_status, table_srli$srli)] all$s_srli <- as.numeric(all$s_srli)

### Habitat & area: all$s_aze <- all$aze_cocount all$s_iba <- all$meanSpp

### Sustainable harvesting: all$s_aqc <- all$aculture

### Aquaculture # - Red List aculture_rl_score <- rbind(c("Industrial",3), c("Subsistence/artisinal",2), c("Scale unknown",1), c("",NA) ) aculture_rl_score <- as.data.frame(aculture_rl_score) names(aculture_rl_score) <- c("aculture_rl","score") aculture_rl_score$score <- as.vector(aculture_rl_score$score) all$s_aqc_rl <- aculture_rl_score$score[match(all$aculture_rl, aculture_rl_score$aculture_rl)] all$s_aqc_rl <- as.numeric(all$s_aqc_rl)

# - FishBase - "Commercial" species fb_score <- as.data.frame(rbind(c("highly commercial",6), c("commercial",5), c("minor commercial",4), c("subsistence fisheries",3), c("of potential interest",2), c("of no interest",1), c("",NA) )) names(fb_score) <- c("fb","score") fb_score$score <- as.vector(fb_score$score) all$s_commf <- fb_score$score[match(all$fb_comm_overall, fb_score$fb)] all$s_commf <- as.numeric(all$s_commf)

### Conservation of Genetic Diversity: all$s_cwr <- all$cwr all$s_bgci <- all$bgci all$s_doman <- all$doman

### Ecosystem Service provision: all$s_carfor <- all$AvCDeforest all$s_wat <- all$AvFWsupply

###### RESCALING: all$s_status <- all$s_status/max(all$s_status[complete.cases(all$s_status)]) all$s_srli <- all$s_srli/max(all$s_srli[complete.cases(all$s_srli)]) all$s_aze <- all$s_aze/max(all$s_aze[complete.cases(all$s_aze)]) all$s_iba <- all$s_iba/max(all$s_iba[complete.cases(all$s_iba)]) all$s_aqc_rl <- all$s_aqc_rl/max(all$s_aqc_rl[complete.cases(all$s_aqc_rl)]) all$s_commf <- all$s_commf/max(all$s_commf[complete.cases(all$s_commf)])

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 6 – Database structure and selected R scripts

all$s_bgci <- all$s_bgci/max(all$s_bgci[complete.cases(all$s_bgci)]) # So s_carfor is the tonnes of carbon lost per ha of forest, provided # deforestation continues at the estimates 2005-2010 rate. # To make sure the highest rate of loss = highest score: temp <- abs(all$s_carfor-max(all$s_carfor, na.rm=T)) all$s_carfor <- temp/max(temp, na.rm=T) # This makes sure that "carfor" is only applicable to forest species: all$s_carfor[is.na(all$forest)] <- NA

# s_wat is freshwater provision (m3/capita/yr). Lower = higher score: temp <- all$s_wat maxval <- max(all$s_wat,na.rm=T) all$s_wat <- abs(all$s_wat-maxval) rm(maxval) all$s_wat <- all$s_wat/max(all$s_wat, na.rm=T) # This makes sure that s_wat is only applicable to forest or wetland species: all$s_wat[apply(cbind(all$forest, all$wetland),1,sum,na.rm=T)==0] <- NA

####### FUNCTIONS FOR OUTPUTTING AND ANALYSIS:

##### WEIGHTING AND PRIORITISATION: # Function to run prioritisation calculation with specific parameters:

#### Weighting values: ### wStat = THREAT STATUS ### wHab = Habitat & area protection ### wHarv = Sustainable harvesting ### wGenD = Genetic diversity ### wES = Ecosystem Service provision

### NOTE THAT wES SHOULD BE SET TO 0 FOR A GLOBAL PRIORITY LIST, ### BECAUSE COUNTRY DATA HAS ONLY BEEN ADDED FOR S&SE ASIA, AND ### S AMERICA! max_func <- function(x){ if(sum(complete.cases(x))==0) {return(NA);} if(sum(complete.cases(x))==1) {return(x[complete.cases(x)])} if(sum(complete.cases(x))==2) {return(max(x))} } calcP_SUM <- function(dat=all, wts=list(wStat=1, wHab=1, wHarv=1, wGenD=1, wES=1)) {

dat$Stat <- apply(cbind(dat$s_status, dat$s_srli),1,max_func) dat$Hab <- apply(cbind(dat$s_aze, dat$s_iba),1, sum, na.rm=T)/2 dat$Harv <- apply(cbind(dat$s_aqc, dat$s_aqc_rl, dat$s_commf),1, sum, na.rm=T)/3 dat$GenD <- apply(cbind(dat$s_cwr, dat$s_bgci, dat$s_doman),1, sum, na.rm=T)/3 dat$ES <- apply(cbind(dat$s_carfor, dat$s_wat),1, sum, na.rm=T)/2

temp <- cbind(wts$wStat*dat$Stat, wts$wHab*dat$Hab, wts$wHarv*dat$Harv, wts$wGenD*dat$GenD, wts$wES*dat$ES)

dat$pscore <- apply(temp, 1, sum, na.rm=T)/5

dat <- dat[order(dat$pscore, decreasing=T),]

dat$Rank <- as.factor(dat$pscore) levels(dat$Rank) <- seq(length(levels(dat$Rank)),1,-1)

return(dat) }

###### PREPARE OUTPUT: prepOut <- function(dat) { output <- with(dat, { data.frame(ID=spid, SciName=binomial, TaxGroup=tgroup,

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 6 – Database structure and selected R scripts

EngName=vernacular, UKOT=ukot, Forest=forest, Wetland=wetland, ThreatStatus=status, SRLIStatus=srli_status, coAZEspp=aze_cocount, mnIBAspp=round(meanSpp,3), Aquaculture=aculture, AquacultureRL=aculture_rl, CommercialHarv=fb_comm_overall, CWRspp=cwr, Medicinal=bgci_med_priority, WildRelDomAn=doman, AvCDeforest=round(AvCDeforest,3), AvFWsupply=round(AvFWsupply,3), s_status=s_status, s_srli=s_srli, s_aze=s_aze, s_iba=s_iba, s_aqc=s_aqc, s_aqc_rl=s_aqc_rl, s_commf=s_commf, s_cwr=s_cwr, s_bgci=s_bgci, s_doman=s_doman, s_carfor=s_carfor, s_wat=s_wat, Stat=Stat, Hab=Hab, Harv=Harv, GenD=GenD, ES=ES, PriorityScore=pscore, Rank=Rank ) }) return(output) }

### topStats(): CALCULATE TOP X STATISTICS OF A GIVEN LISTt: topStats <- function(dat, topX=500){ #dat$rank <- as.factor(dat$pscore) #levels(dat$rank) <- seq(length(levels(dat$rank)),1,-1) toplist <- dat[1:topX,] toplist$tgroup <- as.factor(as.vector(toplist$tgroup))

RowNames <- c("# taxonomic groups", "# unique ranks", "# Critically Endangered spp.", "# Least Concern spp.", "Top 5 species")

Vals <- as.vector(NULL) # Number of taxonomic groups in top 100: Vals[1] <- as.character(length(levels(toplist$tgroup))) # Number of unique ranks in top 100: Vals[2] <- as.character(length(unique(toplist$Rank))) # Number of CR species in top 100: Vals[3] <- as.character(sum(toplist$status=="CR")) # Number of LC species in top 100: Vals[4] <- as.character(sum(toplist$status=="LC")) # Top 5: Vals[5] <- paste(dat$vernacular[1:5],collapse=", ")

Group <- data.frame(Group=levels(dat$tgroup)) Group$Number <- 0 toplist_perc <- as.data.frame(round((table(toplist$tgroup)/topX)*100,2)) toplist_count <- as.data.frame(table(toplist$tgroup)) Group$Number <- toplist_count$Freq[match(Group$Group, toplist_count$Var1)] Group$Perc <- toplist_perc$Freq[match(Group$Group, toplist_perc$Var1)] Group$Number[is.na(Group$Number)] <- 0

# Group <- ddply(dat[1:topX,],.(tgroup),summarise,V1=round((length(binomial)/topX)*100,2), .drop=F)

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 6 – Database structure and selected R scripts

# names(Group) <- c("Group","Number")

out <- as.data.frame(t(data.frame(Vals))) names(out) <- RowNames

species <- data.frame(spid=toplist$spid, scientific=toplist$binomial, vernacular=toplist$vernacular)

return(list(stats=out, bygroup=Group, species=species)) }

### cumSens: CALCULATE CHANGES IN RANKS (dRank) AND POSITION (dPos) FOR THE FULL LIST AND A TOP X. ### Argument 'vals' is a table with weights (wts) for the five co-benefits as columns, and an ### arbitrary number of rows representing combinations of co-benefit weights: cumSens_SUM <- function(vals, topX=500) {

pb <- txtProgressBar(min=0,max=nrow(vals), style=3)

vals$dRank <- NA vals$dPos <- NA vals$dRank_tX <- NA vals$dPos_tX <- NA

list1 <- calcP_SUM() list1 <- list1[order(list1$pscore, list1$spid ,decreasing=T),] sp_occ <- data.frame(spid=list1$spid[1:topX], binomial=list1$binomial[1:topX], vernacular=list1$vernacular[1:topX]) list1$Pos <- 1:nrow(list1) list1 <- subset(list1, select=c("spid","binomial","pscore","Rank","Pos")) list1$Rank <- as.numeric(as.vector(list1$Rank))

for (i in 1:nrow(vals)) { list2 <- calcP_SUM(wts=as.list(vals[i,])) list2 <- list2[order(list2$pscore,list2$spid,decreasing=T),] sp_occ <- rbind(sp_occ, data.frame(spid=list2$spid[1:topX], binomial=list2$binomial[1:topX], vernacular=list2$vernacular[1:topX])) list2$Pos <- 1:nrow(list2) list2 <- subset(list2, select=c("spid","binomial","pscore","Rank","Pos")) list2$Rank <- as.numeric(as.vector(list2$Rank))

list1$newRank <- list2$Rank[match(list1$spid, list2$spid)] list1$newPos <- list2$Pos[match(list1$spid, list2$spid)]

vals$dRank[i] <- mean(abs(list1$newRank-list1$Rank)) vals$dPos[i] <- mean(abs(list1$newPos-list1$Pos)) vals$dRank_tX[i] <- mean(abs(list1$newRank[1:topX]-list1$Rank[1:topX])) vals$dPos_tX[i] <- mean(abs(list1$newPos[1:topX]-list1$Pos[1:topX]))

setTxtProgressBar(pb, i,) } sp_occ <- ddply(sp_occ, .(binomial), nrow) close(pb) return(list(rankChanges=vals,sppFreqTopX=sp_occ)) } hd <- function(dat, display=10) { out <- prepOut(dat) out <- with(out, { data.frame(SciName=SciName, TaxGroup=TaxGroup, Stat=round(Stat,3), Hab=round(Hab,3), Harv=round(Harv,3), GenD_S=round(GenD,3), ES_S=round(ES,3), PScore=round(PriorityScore,3), Rank=round(as.numeric(as.vector(Rank)),3) ) }) return(out[1:display,]) }

### ANALYSIS

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 6 – Database structure and selected R scripts

list1_sum <- calcP_SUM() # Not used, only to test function is working OK. list1_av <- calcP_AV() # Not used, only to test function is working OK. list1 <- calcP_SUM() # Basic priority list, calculated as SUM divided by no. of sources. OUT3 <- prepOut(list1) # Output only used to save .csv file. write.csv(OUT3, 'GLOBAL LIST - DEFAULTS - WITH ES GLOBAL - NEW3.csv', row.names=F, na=

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

To demonstrate the application of MAPISCo to specific geographic contexts, one aim of the original MAPISCo project brief was to use the designed methodology to derive lists of potential UK species priorities specifically for the UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs) (see below for full method and results of this work). It was subsequently decided that case studies based on minimising geographic and or taxonomic biases would be more useful as a test for the methodology. Therefore, the results of this UKOT case study has been moved to an appendix.

We here use the country-level occurrence data available in the Red List to restrict the prioritisation to species listed as occurring in the UKOTs. In total, 2128 species are listed on the Red List and/or the SRLI for plants as occurring in UKOTs (406 species in Anguilla, 506 in Bermuda, 577 in the British Indian Ocean Territory, 535 in the Cayman Islands, 277 in the Falkland Islands, 467 in Gibraltar, 464 in Montserrat, 260 in Pitcairn, 150 in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, 504 in Turks and Caicos Islands, 464 in the British Virgin Islands and 220 in St Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha). Note that these lists are preliminary and do not represent comprehensive species inventories for the UKOTs (see discussion in section 5.2.2).

The number of species in each taxonomic group is shown in Table A1. In the UKOT list, the highest ranking species has a score of 2.844 decreasing to -1.38 over the first 10 species. These are Pterodroma caribbaea (bird), Anguilla anguilla (fish), Diomedea sanfordi, Colinus virginianus, Dendrocygna arborea, Starnoenas cyanocephala, Pterodroma hasitata, Amazona ventralis, D. bicolor, and Dendroica cerulean (all birds). The score resolution for the full UKOT list is 43.6% (915 ranks for 2098 species) and for the Top 500 is 97.6% (488 ranks).

Table A1-1. Number, percentage, highest ranks and scores and highest-ranking species in the total list and top 500 of the prioritised list for species listed in the UKOTs.

Global list Top 500 Taxonomic No. % No. % Highest Highest Highest scoring group spp. spp. spp. spp. rank score species Amphibians 15 0.71 11 2.20 28 -2.157 Leptodactylus fallax Pterodroma Birds 811 38.66 423 84.60 1 2.844 caribbaea Fish 495 23.59 11 2.20 2 1.595 Anguilla anguilla Oryctolagus Mammals 111 5.29 35 7.00 11 -1.393 cuniculus Macrothemis Other 525 25.02 8 1.60 325 -6.047 celeno Plants 116 5.53 5 1.00 31 -2.182 Cordia rupicola Reptiles 25 1.19 7 1.40 30 -2.178 Anolis roosevelti

The top 500 highest ranked species in UKOTs are listed in Table A7-2.

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Table A7-2. Top 500 highest ranking species listed in UKOTs.

Species Score Rank

Taxonomic group Taxonomic status Threat Habitat Harvesting diversity Genetic ESprovisioning Pterodroma caribbaea birds 1.000 0.086 0.613 2.844 1 Anguilla anguilla fish 1.000 0.611 0.482 1.595 2 Diomedea sanfordi birds 0.778 0.222 1.487 3 Colinus virginianus birds 0.556 0.050 0.333 0.597 1.425 4 Dendrocygna arborea birds 0.667 0.032 0.333 0.617 1.189 5 Starnoenas cyanocephala birds 0.778 0.071 0.612 0.847 6 Pterodroma hasitata birds 0.778 0.059 0.561 -0.517 7 Amazona ventralis birds 0.667 0.046 0.617 -1.103 8 Dendrocygna bicolor birds 0.222 0.043 0.111 0.333 0.475 -1.285 9 Dendroica cerulea birds 0.667 0.040 0.624 -1.384 10 Oryctolagus cuniculus mammals 0.556 0.333 0.606 -1.393 11 Mugil cephalus fish 0.222 0.667 0.494 -1.583 12 Pleuronectes platessa fish 0.222 0.667 0.490 -1.644 13 Amazona leucocephala birds 0.556 0.045 0.614 -1.731 14 Egretta rufescens birds 0.556 0.045 0.609 -1.798 15 Alectoris barbara birds 0.222 0.018 0.333 0.617 -1.822 16 Ardea herodias birds 0.222 0.069 0.621 -1.914 17 Corvus nasicus birds 0.222 0.068 0.612 -2.056 18 Circus macrourus birds 0.556 0.041 0.610 -2.061 19 Eudyptes robustus birds 0.667 0.033 0.604 -2.075 20 Quiscalus niger birds 0.222 0.067 0.616 -2.090 21 Contopus caribaeus birds 0.222 0.067 0.616 -2.094 22 Liza ramada fish 0.222 0.611 0.493 -2.110 23 Tiaris canorus birds 0.222 0.067 0.614 -2.119 24 Pterodroma baraui birds 0.778 0.013 0.642 -2.151 25 Coccyzus merlini birds 0.222 0.066 0.614 -2.155 26 Melanerpes superciliaris birds 0.222 0.066 0.614 -2.155 26 Leptodactylus fallax amphibians 1.000 0.619 -2.157 28 Melopyrrha nigra birds 0.222 0.066 0.612 -2.175 29 Anolis roosevelti reptiles 1.000 0.617 -2.178 30 Peltophryne lemur amphibians 1.000 0.617 -2.182 31 Cordia rupicola plants 1.000 0.617 -2.182 31 Leptocereus quadricostatus plants 1.000 0.617 -2.182 31 Calyptranthes kiaerskovii plants 1.000 0.617 -2.182 31 Spindalis zena birds 0.222 0.066 0.612 -2.183 35 Geotrygon chrysia birds 0.222 0.067 0.608 -2.202 36 Dendrocygna viduata birds 0.222 0.045 0.333 0.471 -2.229 37 Pterodroma leucoptera birds 0.667 0.034 0.585 -2.257 38

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Dendrocygna autumnalis birds 0.222 0.049 0.333 0.448 -2.265 39 Patagioenas leucocephala birds 0.556 0.038 0.607 -2.280 40 Loxigilla violacea birds 0.222 0.062 0.618 -2.347 41 Myiarchus sagrae birds 0.222 0.067 0.596 -2.375 42 Chlorostilbon ricordii birds 0.222 0.066 0.596 -2.399 43 Pterodroma brevipes birds 0.667 0.035 0.571 -2.401 44 Pristis perotteti fish 1.000 0.222 0.450 -2.413 45 Aegypius monachus birds 0.556 0.033 0.610 -2.497 46 Pseudobulweria rostrata birds 0.556 0.035 0.597 -2.566 47 Laterallus jamaicensis birds 0.556 0.061 0.481 -2.596 48 Aquila clanga birds 0.667 0.021 0.614 -2.607 49 Dasyprocta punctata mammals 0.222 0.333 0.634 -2.658 50 Aquila adalberti birds 0.667 0.018 0.613 -2.833 51 Numenius arquata birds 0.556 0.027 0.608 -2.915 52 Fulica armillata birds 0.222 0.087 0.464 -2.928 53 Elaenia fallax birds 0.222 0.052 0.617 -2.938 54 Anas platyrhynchos birds 0.222 0.029 0.333 0.488 -2.954 55 Capra pyrenaica mammals 0.222 0.333 0.612 -2.964 56 Nyctanassa violacea birds 0.222 0.058 0.584 -3.023 57 Icterus leucopteryx birds 0.222 0.053 0.606 -3.025 58 Microligea palustris birds 0.222 0.050 0.618 -3.061 59 Porzana carolina birds 0.222 0.081 0.478 -3.103 60 Myiarchus stolidus birds 0.222 0.049 0.617 -3.123 61 Falco vespertinus birds 0.556 0.022 0.613 -3.137 62 Coracias garrulus birds 0.556 0.023 0.609 -3.157 63 Mellisuga minima birds 0.222 0.048 0.617 -3.202 64 Ampeliceps coronatus birds 0.222 0.053 0.592 -3.220 65 Pterodroma cookii birds 0.667 0.017 0.586 -3.227 66 Iguana delicatissima reptiles 0.778 0.619 -3.257 67 Macaca sylvanus mammals 0.778 0.618 -3.258 68 Calyptranthes thomasiana plants 0.778 0.617 -3.277 69 Epicrates monensis reptiles 0.778 0.617 -3.277 69 Myadestes genibarbis birds 0.222 0.046 0.618 -3.295 71 Anser anser birds 0.222 0.022 0.333 0.487 -3.346 72 Butorides virescens birds 0.222 0.047 0.607 -3.397 73 Ardea cinerea birds 0.222 0.045 0.612 -3.409 74 Accipiter striatus birds 0.222 0.043 0.622 -3.432 75 Lutra lutra mammals 0.556 0.111 0.610 -3.453 76 Pterodroma externa birds 0.667 0.011 0.591 -3.525 77 Milvus milvus birds 0.556 0.017 0.604 -3.534 78 Platalea ajaja birds 0.222 0.079 0.451 -3.581 79 Eulampis jugularis birds 0.222 0.025 0.686 -3.603 80 Sylvia atricapilla birds 0.222 0.042 0.611 -3.610 81 Ficedula hypoleuca birds 0.222 0.042 0.609 -3.623 82 Porzana flaviventer birds 0.222 0.081 0.439 -3.625 83 Mycteria americana birds 0.222 0.048 0.583 -3.633 84

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Tringa erythropus birds 0.222 0.040 0.615 -3.673 85 Gallinago gallinago birds 0.222 0.042 0.605 -3.685 86 Dendroica vitellina birds 0.556 0.010 0.619 -3.733 87 Anthracothorax dominicus birds 0.222 0.038 0.617 -3.749 88 Muscicapa striata birds 0.222 0.041 0.608 -3.753 89 Cyclura carinata reptiles 1.000 0.500 -3.767 90 Egretta gularis birds 0.222 0.038 0.616 -3.800 91 Dendroica adelaidae birds 0.222 0.037 0.618 -3.819 92 Hippolais icterina birds 0.222 0.039 0.609 -3.853 93 Spindalis portoricensis birds 0.222 0.037 0.617 -3.856 94 Speculanas specularis birds 0.556 0.025 0.111 0.468 -3.881 95 Megascops nudipes birds 0.222 0.036 0.617 -3.887 96 Neophron percnopterus birds 0.778 0.018 0.494 -3.898 97 Pinicola enucleator birds 0.222 0.040 0.600 -3.898 98 Melanerpes portoricensis birds 0.222 0.036 0.617 -3.910 99 Dendroica pityophila birds 0.222 0.036 0.614 -3.933 100 Euphonia musica birds 0.222 0.037 0.609 -3.940 101 Erithacus rubecula birds 0.222 0.038 0.604 -3.941 102 Egretta tricolor birds 0.222 0.042 0.585 -3.959 103 Buteo lagopus birds 0.222 0.039 0.599 -3.972 104 Contopus latirostris birds 0.222 0.034 0.618 -3.979 105 Steganopus tricolor birds 0.222 0.038 0.602 -4.001 106 Fulica leucoptera birds 0.222 0.069 0.464 -4.012 107 Ictinia mississippiensis birds 0.222 0.033 0.623 -4.014 108 Carduelis chloris birds 0.222 0.037 0.604 -4.041 109 Loxia leucoptera birds 0.222 0.037 0.603 -4.042 110 Phylloscopus borealis birds 0.222 0.035 0.608 -4.086 111 Thalassarche bulleri birds 0.556 0.011 0.590 -4.087 112 Tringa solitaria birds 0.222 0.041 0.582 -4.091 113 Streptopelia turtur birds 0.222 0.035 0.608 -4.095 114 Myiarchus antillarum birds 0.222 0.033 0.617 -4.100 115 Phylloscopus sibilatrix birds 0.222 0.035 0.606 -4.135 116 Dendroica plumbea birds 0.222 0.031 0.619 -4.151 117 Charadrius dubius birds 0.222 0.032 0.612 -4.188 118 Tringa nebularia birds 0.222 0.033 0.607 -4.192 119 Fringilla coelebs birds 0.222 0.034 0.602 -4.218 120 Myiarchus oberi birds 0.222 0.030 0.619 -4.229 121 Surnia ulula birds 0.222 0.034 0.602 -4.230 122 Parus caeruleus birds 0.222 0.032 0.610 -4.250 123 Regulus ignicapilla birds 0.222 0.031 0.612 -4.254 124 Egretta garzetta birds 0.222 0.032 0.607 -4.271 125 Cinclocerthia ruficauda birds 0.222 0.029 0.619 -4.274 126 Calidris minutilla birds 0.222 0.038 0.582 -4.276 127 Caprimulgus ruficollis birds 0.222 0.029 0.619 -4.296 128 Contopus sordidulus birds 0.222 0.028 0.620 -4.300 129 Bubulcus ibis birds 0.222 0.032 0.604 -4.342 130

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Chaetura pelagica birds 0.556 0.619 -4.346 131 Chaetura martinica birds 0.222 0.028 0.619 -4.370 132 Fringilla montifringilla birds 0.222 0.031 0.602 -4.379 133 Chen caerulescens birds 0.222 0.007 0.333 0.478 -4.380 134 Loxia curvirostra birds 0.222 0.032 0.600 -4.388 135 Phoenicurus phoenicurus birds 0.222 0.029 0.611 -4.391 136 Mergellus albellus birds 0.222 0.031 0.602 -4.394 137 Margarops fuscus birds 0.222 0.027 0.619 -4.396 138 Gallinago media birds 0.556 0.029 0.491 -4.398 139 Dendroica kirtlandii birds 0.556 0.009 0.574 -4.399 140 Clangula hyemalis birds 0.667 0.021 0.483 -4.414 141 Phylloscopus inornatus birds 0.222 0.030 0.602 -4.420 142 Miniopterus schreibersii mammals 0.556 0.613 -4.427 143 Pelobates cultripes amphibians 0.556 0.612 -4.449 144 Rhinolophus euryale mammals 0.556 0.612 -4.452 145 Myotis bechsteinii mammals 0.556 0.611 -4.460 146 Nyctalus lasiopterus mammals 0.556 0.611 -4.462 147 Egretta caerulea birds 0.222 0.033 0.588 -4.471 148 Ardea purpurea birds 0.222 0.027 0.610 -4.501 149 Limosa limosa birds 0.556 0.028 0.488 -4.506 150 Tringa ochropus birds 0.222 0.027 0.608 -4.523 151 Aythya nyroca birds 0.556 0.026 0.493 -4.531 152 Saxicola rubetra birds 0.222 0.027 0.608 -4.547 153 Margarops fuscatus birds 0.222 0.025 0.618 -4.549 154 Enicognathus ferrugineus birds 0.222 0.028 0.603 -4.551 155 Geotrygon mystacea birds 0.222 0.024 0.618 -4.562 156 Tringa melanoleuca birds 0.222 0.032 0.584 -4.575 157 Corvus monedula birds 0.222 0.027 0.601 -4.615 158 Columba oenas birds 0.222 0.025 0.610 -4.617 159 Aphrastura spinicauda birds 0.222 0.027 0.603 -4.618 160 Falco tinnunculus birds 0.222 0.026 0.608 -4.635 161 Calidris minuta birds 0.222 0.053 0.487 -4.656 162 Scytalopus magellanicus birds 0.222 0.026 0.603 -4.683 163 Sylvia cantillans birds 0.222 0.025 0.607 -4.702 164 Tringa glareola birds 0.222 0.024 0.608 -4.715 165 Oenanthe leucura birds 0.222 0.024 0.609 -4.719 166 Jynx torquilla birds 0.222 0.024 0.608 -4.720 167 Phalacrocorax carbo birds 0.222 0.024 0.606 -4.740 168 Tachybaptus dominicus birds 0.222 0.061 0.446 -4.742 169 Rallus antarcticus birds 0.667 0.019 0.468 -4.748 170 Tringa stagnatilis birds 0.222 0.050 0.491 -4.756 171 Bucephala clangula birds 0.222 0.025 0.603 -4.763 172 Locustella luscinioides birds 0.222 0.022 0.613 -4.771 173 Hirundo rustica birds 0.222 0.052 0.481 -4.772 174 Lanius excubitor birds 0.222 0.023 0.608 -4.791 175 Fregata minor birds 0.222 0.021 0.614 -4.798 176

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Nycticorax nycticorax birds 0.222 0.024 0.605 -4.802 177 Eulampis holosericeus birds 0.222 0.020 0.618 -4.802 178 Picus viridis birds 0.222 0.022 0.609 -4.813 179 Loxigilla noctis birds 0.222 0.020 0.618 -4.817 180 Numenius phaeopus birds 0.222 0.024 0.603 -4.818 181 Fulica caribaea birds 0.556 0.021 0.495 -4.819 182 Mimus gundlachii birds 0.222 0.024 0.602 -4.823 183 Carduelis spinus birds 0.222 0.023 0.603 -4.826 184 Certhia brachydactyla birds 0.222 0.021 0.611 -4.859 185 Orthorhyncus cristatus birds 0.222 0.021 0.611 -4.873 186 Tangara cucullata birds 0.222 0.019 0.619 -4.877 187 Myiarchus nugator birds 0.222 0.019 0.619 -4.877 187 Mergus merganser birds 0.222 0.023 0.601 -4.878 189 Ixobrychus minutus birds 0.222 0.021 0.608 -4.880 190 Falco biarmicus birds 0.222 0.020 0.614 -4.894 191 Falco rusticolus birds 0.222 0.023 0.600 -4.896 192 Saxicola torquatus birds 0.222 0.021 0.608 -4.898 193 Serinus serinus birds 0.222 0.022 0.602 -4.904 194 Pluvianellus socialis birds 0.556 0.025 0.468 -4.947 195 Lanius collurio birds 0.222 0.020 0.608 -4.947 196 Milvus migrans birds 0.222 0.020 0.608 -4.954 197 Circaetus gallicus birds 0.222 0.019 0.614 -4.955 198 Alcedo atthis birds 0.222 0.020 0.610 -4.957 199 Circus cyaneus birds 0.222 0.021 0.605 -4.959 200 Luscinia svecica birds 0.222 0.021 0.606 -4.963 201 Pluvialis fulva birds 0.222 0.020 0.610 -4.969 202 Patagioenas araucana birds 0.222 0.021 0.603 -4.982 203 Pernis apivorus birds 0.222 0.019 0.609 -4.993 204 Bubo bubo birds 0.222 0.019 0.609 -5.007 205 Parus cristatus birds 0.222 0.019 0.609 -5.009 206 Lanius senator birds 0.222 0.018 0.615 -5.010 207 Elaenia martinica birds 0.222 0.020 0.605 -5.030 208 Falco columbarius birds 0.222 0.021 0.599 -5.032 209 Actitis hypoleucos birds 0.222 0.019 0.607 -5.033 210 Tachycineta meyeni birds 0.222 0.689 -5.045 211 Caprimulgus europaeus birds 0.222 0.018 0.610 -5.055 212 Merops apiaster birds 0.222 0.018 0.608 -5.059 213 Emberiza cia birds 0.222 0.018 0.611 -5.065 214 Columba palumbus birds 0.222 0.019 0.604 -5.073 215 Aquila chrysaetos birds 0.222 0.018 0.609 -5.073 216 Heteronetta atricapilla birds 0.222 0.051 0.464 -5.095 217 Calidris temminckii birds 0.222 0.044 0.493 -5.105 218 Hieraaetus pennatus birds 0.222 0.016 0.614 -5.120 219 Phylloscopus bonelli birds 0.222 0.016 0.613 -5.131 220 Calidris ferruginea birds 0.222 0.045 0.486 -5.136 221 Lullula arborea birds 0.222 0.018 0.604 -5.142 222

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Pandion haliaetus birds 0.222 0.018 0.604 -5.152 223 Trichechus manatus mammals 0.667 0.111 0.444 -5.158 224 Otus scops birds 0.222 0.016 0.609 -5.175 225 Tinca tinca fish 0.222 0.278 0.492 -5.177 226 Charadrius melodus birds 0.556 0.016 0.489 -5.178 227 Actitis macularius birds 0.222 0.050 0.461 -5.186 228 Nomonyx dominicus birds 0.222 0.020 0.589 -5.199 229 Phoenicopterus chilensis birds 0.556 0.021 0.462 -5.202 230 Puffinus gravis birds 0.222 0.021 0.585 -5.208 231 Aquila fasciatus birds 0.222 0.015 0.612 -5.231 232 Anthus pratensis birds 0.222 0.043 0.488 -5.256 233 Charadrius leschenaultii birds 0.222 0.024 0.111 0.492 -5.265 234 Falco peregrinus birds 0.222 0.016 0.604 -5.268 235 Gallinago stricklandii birds 0.556 0.019 0.468 -5.270 236 Calidris himantopus birds 0.222 0.021 0.583 -5.275 237 Buteo polyosoma birds 0.222 0.672 -5.276 238 Elaenia albiceps birds 0.222 0.672 -5.276 238 Apus caffer birds 0.222 0.013 0.614 -5.285 240 Conocarpus erectus plants 0.222 0.111 0.595 -5.308 241 Buteo jamaicensis birds 0.222 0.014 0.605 -5.348 242 Fregata ariel birds 0.222 0.010 0.622 -5.352 243 Fregata magnificens birds 0.222 0.017 0.592 -5.355 244 Accipiter nisus birds 0.222 0.014 0.607 -5.366 245 Heteroscelus brevipes birds 0.222 0.014 0.602 -5.378 246 Podilymbus podiceps birds 0.222 0.050 0.448 -5.381 247 Larus genei birds 0.222 0.038 0.496 -5.396 248 Larus cirrocephalus birds 0.222 0.041 0.485 -5.402 249 Lymnocryptes minimus birds 0.222 0.040 0.489 -5.405 250 Buteo buteo birds 0.222 0.012 0.609 -5.417 251 Anas discors birds 0.222 0.046 0.460 -5.421 252 Tachybaptus ruficollis birds 0.222 0.039 0.490 -5.426 253 Accipiter gentilis birds 0.222 0.012 0.608 -5.428 254 Butorides striata birds 0.222 0.012 0.604 -5.480 255 Falco eleonorae birds 0.222 0.009 0.616 -5.505 256 Serinus canaria birds 0.222 0.010 0.612 -5.506 257 Phalaropus lobatus birds 0.222 0.039 0.487 -5.507 258 Acrocephalus melanopogon birds 0.222 0.037 0.496 -5.509 259 Sterna nilotica birds 0.222 0.039 0.484 -5.511 260 Luscinia megarhynchos birds 0.222 0.010 0.609 -5.533 261 Anhinga anhinga birds 0.222 0.047 0.449 -5.543 262 Anthus spinoletta birds 0.222 0.036 0.494 -5.557 263 Lugensa brevirostris birds 0.222 0.041 0.469 -5.594 264 Acrocephalus schoenobaenus birds 0.222 0.037 0.487 -5.613 265 Charadrius hiaticula birds 0.222 0.037 0.487 -5.623 266 Chlidonias leucopterus birds 0.222 0.037 0.486 -5.631 267

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Philomachus pugnax birds 0.222 0.036 0.486 -5.654 268 Glareola pratincola birds 0.222 0.035 0.491 -5.659 269 Calliphlox evelynae birds 0.222 0.015 0.580 -5.668 270 Tadorna tadorna birds 0.222 0.036 0.488 -5.678 271 Calcarius lapponicus birds 0.222 0.037 0.480 -5.679 272 Alosa fallax fish 0.222 0.222 0.492 -5.684 273 Larus michahellis birds 0.222 0.034 0.495 -5.694 274 Haematopus ostralegus birds 0.222 0.035 0.488 -5.700 275 Larus philadelphia birds 0.222 0.011 0.590 -5.710 276 Calidris pusilla birds 0.556 0.014 0.456 -5.717 277 Phoenicopterus roseus birds 0.222 0.033 0.492 -5.751 278 Charadrius alexandrinus birds 0.222 0.033 0.490 -5.767 279 Tringa totanus birds 0.222 0.034 0.486 -5.775 280 Anas crecca birds 0.222 0.034 0.488 -5.776 281 Anthus cervinus birds 0.222 0.034 0.486 -5.781 282 Heteroscelus incanus birds 0.222 0.038 0.469 -5.786 283 Ardeola ralloides birds 0.222 0.034 0.488 -5.787 284 Plegadis falcinellus birds 0.222 0.034 0.487 -5.795 285 Pterodroma incerta birds 0.778 0.099 -5.810 286 Chlidonias hybrida birds 0.222 0.033 0.489 -5.819 287 Casmerodius albus birds 0.222 0.034 0.482 -5.824 288 Buteo platypterus birds 0.222 0.011 0.585 -5.827 289 Anas penelope birds 0.222 0.033 0.488 -5.828 290 Dendrocopos major birds 0.222 0.007 0.599 -5.836 291 Anas clypeata birds 0.222 0.033 0.488 -5.839 292 Myiopsitta monachus birds 0.222 0.630 -5.845 293 Cathartes aura birds 0.222 0.011 0.583 -5.845 294 Sturnira lilium mammals 0.222 0.630 -5.857 295 Egretta thula birds 0.222 0.043 0.443 -5.864 296 Anas bahamensis birds 0.222 0.043 0.442 -5.876 297 Himantopus himantopus birds 0.222 0.032 0.488 -5.877 298 Mergus serrator birds 0.222 0.032 0.488 -5.881 299 Tachyeres patachonicus birds 0.222 0.037 0.468 -5.881 300 Petromyzon marinus fish 0.222 0.222 0.476 -5.909 301 Limosa fedoa birds 0.222 0.033 0.482 -5.930 302 Streptoprocne zonaris birds 0.222 0.008 0.588 -5.945 303 Recurvirostra avosetta birds 0.222 0.030 0.489 -5.962 304 Piranga olivacea birds 0.222 0.621 -5.973 305 Lophonetta specularioides birds 0.222 0.037 0.460 -5.993 306 Anas acuta birds 0.222 0.031 0.484 -5.996 307 Pleurodeles waltl amphibians 0.556 0.497 -6.004 308 Ardops nichollsi mammals 0.222 0.619 -6.006 309 Tringa flavipes birds 0.222 0.036 0.463 -6.007 310 Brachyphylla cavernarum mammals 0.222 0.618 -6.012 311 Fulica atra birds 0.222 0.030 0.487 -6.013 312 Larus melanocephalus birds 0.222 0.028 0.494 -6.021 313

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Foudia madagascariensis birds 0.222 0.617 -6.023 314 Phylloscopus ibericus birds 0.222 0.617 -6.024 315 Phaetusa simplex birds 0.222 0.047 0.413 -6.025 316 Leptodactylus albilabris amphibians 0.222 0.617 -6.026 317 Eleutherodactylus cochranae amphibians 0.222 0.617 -6.027 318 Sterna caspia birds 0.222 0.030 0.486 -6.029 319 Asio flammeus birds 0.222 0.032 0.478 -6.035 320 Anolis grahami reptiles 0.222 0.616 -6.040 321 Anas querquedula birds 0.222 0.029 0.488 -6.041 322 Nesoenas picturata birds 0.222 0.616 -6.042 323 Phyllops falcatus mammals 0.222 0.616 -6.045 324 Macrothemis celeno other 0.222 0.615 -6.047 325 Erythropygia galactotes birds 0.222 0.615 -6.050 326 Aquila rapax birds 0.222 0.615 -6.050 327 Thunnus thynnus fish 0.778 0.611 -6.053 328 Pagrus pagrus fish 0.778 0.611 -6.053 328 Merops persicus birds 0.222 0.615 -6.057 330 Anas strepera birds 0.222 0.029 0.489 -6.057 331 Carduelis carduelis birds 0.222 0.615 -6.058 332 Melanitta perspicillata birds 0.222 0.008 0.581 -6.059 333 Hyla meridionalis amphibians 0.222 0.614 -6.064 334 Eudocimus albus birds 0.222 0.010 0.571 -6.065 335 Felis silvestris mammals 0.222 0.614 -6.068 336 Pipistrellus kuhlii mammals 0.222 0.614 -6.073 337 Coccyzus erythropthalmus birds 0.222 0.613 -6.080 338 Patagioenas squamosa birds 0.222 0.613 -6.084 339 Acrocephalus dumetorum birds 0.222 0.612 -6.094 340 Alosa alosa fish 0.222 0.222 0.462 -6.094 341 Tiaris bicolor birds 0.222 0.612 -6.097 342 Myotis myotis mammals 0.222 0.612 -6.097 343 Macrotus waterhousii mammals 0.222 0.612 -6.098 344 Rhinolophus hipposideros mammals 0.222 0.612 -6.100 345 Podiceps nigricollis birds 0.222 0.027 0.494 -6.101 346 Calidris alpina birds 0.222 0.029 0.484 -6.101 347 Limosa lapponica birds 0.222 0.029 0.485 -6.102 348 Charadrius collaris birds 0.222 0.039 0.439 -6.103 349 Plecotus austriacus mammals 0.222 0.611 -6.103 350 Triacanthagyna trifida other 0.222 0.611 -6.104 351 Amaurornis phoenicurus birds 0.222 0.611 -6.111 352 Larus ridibundus birds 0.222 0.029 0.484 -6.113 353 Artibeus jamaicensis mammals 0.222 0.611 -6.114 354 Myotis nattereri mammals 0.222 0.610 -6.117 355 Passer hispaniolensis birds 0.222 0.610 -6.117 356 Cuculus canorus birds 0.222 0.610 -6.120 357 Passer domesticus birds 0.222 0.610 -6.121 358 Eptesicus serotinus mammals 0.222 0.610 -6.121 359

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Tachymarptis melba birds 0.222 0.610 -6.122 360 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum mammals 0.222 0.610 -6.122 361 Falco subbuteo birds 0.222 0.610 -6.123 362 Anolis carolinensis reptiles 0.222 0.610 -6.123 363 Anas cyanoptera birds 0.222 0.030 0.477 -6.123 364 Capreolus capreolus mammals 0.222 0.610 -6.124 365 Pipistrellus pygmaeus mammals 0.222 0.610 -6.125 366 Pipistrellus savii mammals 0.222 0.610 -6.126 367 Bufo bufo amphibians 0.222 0.610 -6.127 368 Hirundo daurica birds 0.222 0.609 -6.129 369 Coccothraustes coccothraustes birds 0.222 0.609 -6.130 370 Pipistrellus pipistrellus mammals 0.222 0.609 -6.137 371 Nyctalus leisleri mammals 0.222 0.609 -6.137 372 Phylloscopus collybita birds 0.222 0.609 -6.137 373 Emberiza citrinella birds 0.222 0.609 -6.139 374 Anthus trivialis birds 0.222 0.609 -6.139 375 Phylloscopus trochilus birds 0.222 0.608 -6.144 376 Emberiza leucocephalos birds 0.222 0.608 -6.145 377 Cygnus olor birds 0.222 0.028 0.486 -6.146 378 Aegithalos caudatus birds 0.222 0.608 -6.146 379 Delichon urbicum birds 0.222 0.608 -6.147 380 Leptotila jamaicensis birds 0.222 0.608 -6.147 381 Apus apus birds 0.222 0.608 -6.148 382 Acridotheres tristis birds 0.222 0.608 -6.150 383 Garrulus glandarius birds 0.222 0.608 -6.152 384 Podiceps cristatus birds 0.222 0.028 0.488 -6.152 385 Estrilda melpoda birds 0.222 0.608 -6.154 386 Oriolus oriolus birds 0.222 0.607 -6.156 387 Sylvia curruca birds 0.222 0.607 -6.158 388 Mustela putorius mammals 0.222 0.607 -6.159 389 Arenaria interpres birds 0.222 0.029 0.480 -6.165 390 Myotis daubentonii mammals 0.222 0.607 -6.166 391 Parula americana birds 0.222 0.607 -6.167 392 Mimus polyglottos birds 0.222 0.607 -6.168 393 Myotis nigricans mammals 0.222 0.606 -6.170 394 Limnothlypis swainsonii birds 0.222 0.606 -6.170 395 Dendroica magnolia birds 0.222 0.606 -6.173 396 Lestes spumarius other 0.222 0.606 -6.176 397 Phylloscopus fuscatus birds 0.222 0.606 -6.176 398 Geothlypis trichas birds 0.222 0.606 -6.177 399 Dendroica tigrina birds 0.222 0.606 -6.177 400 Pantherophis guttatus reptiles 0.222 0.606 -6.182 401 Eleutherodactylus planirostris amphibians 0.222 0.606 -6.182 402 Seiurus aurocapilla birds 0.222 0.606 -6.182 403 Sphyrapicus varius birds 0.222 0.605 -6.184 404

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Dendroica pensylvanica birds 0.222 0.605 -6.184 405 Dendroica discolor birds 0.222 0.605 -6.185 406 Parkesia motacilla birds 0.222 0.605 -6.188 407 Porphyrio alleni birds 0.222 0.026 0.490 -6.188 408 Mniotilta varia birds 0.222 0.605 -6.189 409 Osteopilus septentrionalis amphibians 0.222 0.605 -6.189 410 Dendroica caerulescens birds 0.222 0.605 -6.191 411 Oporornis formosus birds 0.222 0.605 -6.191 412 Dendroica castanea birds 0.222 0.605 -6.191 413 Aratinga nana birds 0.222 0.605 -6.192 414 Dendroica dominica birds 0.222 0.605 -6.192 415 Dumetella carolinensis birds 0.222 0.604 -6.198 416 Melanitta americana birds 0.556 0.483 -6.199 417 Parus major birds 0.222 0.604 -6.200 418 Sterna albifrons birds 0.222 0.026 0.489 -6.206 419 Stelgidopteryx serripennis birds 0.222 0.604 -6.207 420 Hippolais polyglotta birds 0.222 0.604 -6.209 421 Homo sapiens mammals 0.222 0.604 -6.209 422 Passer montanus birds 0.222 0.604 -6.210 423 Haliaeetus leucocephalus birds 0.222 0.003 0.590 -6.212 424 Sturnus vulgaris birds 0.222 0.603 -6.213 425 Helmitheros vermivorum birds 0.222 0.603 -6.213 426 Icteria virens birds 0.222 0.603 -6.215 427 Colaptes auratus birds 0.222 0.603 -6.217 428 Corvus corone birds 0.222 0.603 -6.217 429 Passerina caerulea birds 0.222 0.603 -6.218 430 Scolopax rusticola birds 0.222 0.603 -6.218 431 Archilochus colubris birds 0.222 0.603 -6.220 432 Asio otus birds 0.222 0.603 -6.221 433 Phytotoma rara birds 0.222 0.603 -6.221 434 Carduelis barbata birds 0.222 0.603 -6.221 434 Sephanoides sephaniodes birds 0.222 0.603 -6.221 434 Pseudalopex griseus mammals 0.222 0.603 -6.221 434 Ardea cocoi birds 0.222 0.047 0.399 -6.221 438 Dendroica palmarum birds 0.222 0.602 -6.224 439 Aythya fuligula birds 0.222 0.026 0.489 -6.225 440 Catharus ustulatus birds 0.222 0.602 -6.227 441 Troglodytes troglodytes birds 0.222 0.602 -6.229 442 Petrochelidon pyrrhonota birds 0.222 0.602 -6.229 443 Oporornis philadelphia birds 0.222 0.602 -6.230 444 Prunella modularis birds 0.222 0.602 -6.232 445 Dendroica pinus birds 0.222 0.602 -6.235 446 Corvus corax birds 0.222 0.601 -6.239 447 Polioptila caerulea birds 0.222 0.601 -6.240 448 Picoides villosus birds 0.222 0.601 -6.242 449 Chordeiles minor birds 0.222 0.601 -6.244 450

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Erythemis simplicicollis other 0.222 0.601 -6.245 451 Myiarchus crinitus birds 0.222 0.601 -6.246 452 Anax junius other 0.222 0.601 -6.247 453 Anairetes parulus birds 0.222 0.601 -6.250 454 Chondestes grammacus birds 0.222 0.601 -6.251 455 Eleutherodactylus antillensis amphibians 0.222 0.600 -6.252 456 Toxostoma rufum birds 0.222 0.600 -6.252 457 Contopus virens birds 0.222 0.600 -6.254 458 Herpestes javanicus mammals 0.222 0.600 -6.257 459 Pyrrhula pyrrhula birds 0.222 0.600 -6.263 460 Piranga ludoviciana birds 0.222 0.600 -6.264 461 Dendroica townsendi birds 0.222 0.600 -6.264 462 Icterus spurius birds 0.222 0.599 -6.266 463 Larus maculipennis birds 0.222 0.032 0.460 -6.266 464 Spizella passerina birds 0.222 0.599 -6.268 465 Progne subis birds 0.222 0.599 -6.268 466 Tramea onusta other 0.222 0.599 -6.272 467 Empidonax minimus birds 0.222 0.598 -6.278 468 Empidonax virescens birds 0.222 0.598 -6.286 469 Caprimulgus vociferus birds 0.222 0.598 -6.286 470 Sialia sialis birds 0.222 0.598 -6.289 471 Empidonax traillii birds 0.222 0.598 -6.290 472 Oporornis agilis birds 0.222 0.596 -6.308 473 Megaceryle alcyon birds 0.222 0.596 -6.312 474 Carduelis flammea birds 0.222 0.596 -6.315 475 Falco sparverius birds 0.222 0.595 -6.326 476 Accipiter cooperii birds 0.222 0.595 -6.327 477 Spizella pallida birds 0.222 0.594 -6.339 478 Podiceps grisegena birds 0.222 0.025 0.486 -6.342 479 Riparia riparia birds 0.222 0.025 0.483 -6.342 480 Circus aeruginosus birds 0.222 0.024 0.487 -6.343 481 Molothrus ater birds 0.222 0.594 -6.345 482 Sayornis phoebe birds 0.222 0.594 -6.345 482 Recurvirostra americana birds 0.222 0.024 0.486 -6.360 484 Stercorarius pomarinus birds 0.222 0.026 0.477 -6.369 485 Cardinalis cardinalis birds 0.222 0.592 -6.370 486 Lathrotriccus euleri birds 0.222 0.591 -6.374 487 Aegolius acadicus birds 0.222 0.591 -6.374 488 Alauda arvensis birds 0.222 0.023 0.493 -6.375 489 Coccyzus americanus birds 0.222 0.591 -6.375 490 Cypseloides niger birds 0.222 0.591 -6.382 491 Passerina cyanea birds 0.222 0.591 -6.386 492 Coryphaeschna adnexa other 0.222 0.590 -6.388 493 Dendroica coronata birds 0.222 0.590 -6.390 494 Charadrius falklandicus birds 0.222 0.028 0.466 -6.390 495 Calidris canutus birds 0.222 0.026 0.477 -6.391 496

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 7 – UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs)

Gynacantha nervosa other 0.222 0.590 -6.393 497 Larus minutus birds 0.222 0.024 0.486 -6.397 498 Himantopus mexicanus birds 0.222 0.032 0.450 -6.402 499 Anas georgica birds 0.222 0.029 0.462 -6.403 500

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

APPENDIX 8 – Supporting informatiom

Table A8-1. Examples of data sources investigated but not used. Note this list is not exhaustive, these are only the examples of sources where some time was spent sourcing appropriate information.

Source Link/reference Reasoning Reason not used Biodiversity Myers et al. 2000 Linking species to Species associated hotspots habitats with hotspots taxonomically biased and not easily available Ecoregions Olson et al. 2001 Linking species to As above habitats Crisis Ecoregions Linking species to As above habitats "Global 200" Olson & Dinerstein 2002 Linking species to As above ecoregions habitats Keystone/umbrella e.g. Caro & Girling 2010 Linking species to No comprehensive species habitats lists of keystone/umbrella species that is not context specific SEPASAL http://www.kew.org/ceb/sepasal/ Identifying "utilised" Taxonomically and species or species regionally biased, not "useful" to humans, c.f. easily accessible Aichi Target 13 "Utilised" species IUCN (2012) and e.g. Butchart As above Necessary data from on IUCN Red List et al. 2008 Red List not publicly accessible, taxonomically biased MPA database http://www.mpaglobal.org/ Linking species to Species associated habitats with MPA's not comprehensively listed/easily available Seas Around Us http://www.seaaroundus.org/ Harvested (fish) species Not publicly Project accessible Ocean http://www.iobis.org/ Harvested (fish) Species-based data Biogeographic species, Linking species difficult to locate Information System to habitats Global Biodiversity http://www.gbif.org/ Distribution data Primary data only; no Information Facility range/distribution data (GBIF) per se. TRAFFIC http://www.traffic.org/ Identifying "utilised" Deemed outside of databases species or species scope of Aichi Targets "useful" to humans, c.f. considered Aichi Target 13 CITES appendices http://www.cites.org/eng/app/ind As above As above ex.php RFMO data Harvested (fish) species Not enough resources to compile necessary data FAO State of the http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a Identifying "utilised" No specific (wild) world's animal 1250e/a1250e00.htm species or species species identified genetic resources "useful" to humans, c.f. for food and Aichi Target 13 agriculture FAO Review of the http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/y Harvested (fish) species Data by stock but not state of world 5852e/y5852e00.htm by species; not

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information marine fishery enough resource to resources compile necessary data

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

Table A8-2. The threats to species categorised by the IUCN (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical- documents/classification-schemes/threats-classification-scheme)

1. Residential & commercial development 1.1 Housing & urban areas 1.2 Commercial & industrial areas 1.3 Tourism & recreation areas 2. Agriculture & aquaculture 2.1 Annual & perennial non-timber crops 2.1.1 Shifting agriculture 2.1.2 Small-holder farming 2.1.3 Agro-industry farming 2.1.4 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded 2.2 Wood & pulp plantation 2.2.1 Small-holder plantations 2.2.2 Agro-industry plantations 2.2.3 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded 2.3 Livestock farming & ranching 2.3.1 Nomadic grazing 2.3.2 Small-holder grazing, ranching or farming 2.3.3 Agro-industry grazing, ranching or farming 2.3.4 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded 2.4 Marine & freshwater aquaculture 2.4.1 Subsistence/artisinal aquaculture 2.4.2 Industrial aquaculture 2.4.3 Scale Unknown/Unrecorded 3. Energy production & mining 3.1 Oil & gas drilling 3.2 Mining & quarrying 3.3 Renewable energy 4. Transportation & service corridors 4.1 Roads & railroads 4.2 Utility & service lines 4.3 Shipping lanes 4.4 Flight paths 5. Biological resource use 5.1 Hunting & collecting terrestrial animals 5.1.1 Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) 5.1.2 Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target) 5.1.3 Persecution/control

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

5.1.4 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded 5.2 Gathering terrestrial plants 5.2.1 Intentional use (species being assessed is the target) 5.2.2 Unintentional effects (species being assessed is not the target) 5.2.3 Persecution/control 5.2.4 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded 5.3 Logging & wood harvesting 5.3.1 Intentional use: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest] 5.3.2 Intentional use: large scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest] 5.3.3 Unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest] 5.3.4 Unintentional effects: large scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest] 5.3.5 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded 5.4 Fishing & harvesting aquatic resources 5.4.1 Intentional use: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest] 5.4.2 Intentional use: large scale (species being assessed is the target) [harvest] 5.4.3 Unintentional effects: subsistence/small scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest] 5.4.4 Unintentional effects: large scale (species being assessed is not the target) [harvest] 5.4.5 Persecution/control 5.4.6 Motivation Unknown/Unrecorded 6. Human intrusions & disturbance 6.1 Recreational activities 6.2 War, civil unrest & military exercises 6.3 Work & other activities 7. Natural system modifications 7.1 Fire & fire suppression 7.1.1 Increase in fire frequency/intensity 7.1.2 Suppression in fire frequency/intensity 7.1.3 Trend Unknown/Unrecorded 7.2 Dams & water management/use 7.2.1 Abstraction of surface water (domestic use) 7.2.2 Abstraction of surface water (commercial use) 7.2.3 Abstraction of surface water (agricultural use) 7.2.4 Abstraction of surface water (unknown use) 7.2.5 Abstraction of ground water (domestic use) 7.2.6 Abstraction of ground water (commercial use) 7.2.7 Abstraction of ground water (agricultural use)

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

7.2.8 Abstraction of ground water (unknown use) 7.2.9 Small dams 7.2.10 Large dams 7.2.11 Dams (size unknown) 7.3 Other ecosystem modifications 8. Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseases 8.1 Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases 8.1.1 Unspecified species 8.1.2 Named species 8.2 Problematic native species/diseases 8.2.1 Unspecified species 8.2.2 Named species 8.3 Introduced genetic material 8.4 Problematic species/diseases of unknown origin 8.4.1 Unspecified species 8.4.2 Named species 8.5 Viral/prion-induced diseases 8.5.1 Unspecified "species" (disease) 8.5.2 Named "species" (disease) 8.6 Diseases of unknown cause 9. Pollution 9.1 Domestic & urban waste water 9.1.1 Sewage 9.1.2 Run-off 9.1.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded 9.2 Industrial & military effluents 9.2.1 Oil spills 9.2.2 Seepage from mining 9.2.3 Type Unknown/Unrecorded 9.3 Agricultural & forestry effluents 9.3.1 Nutrient loads 9.3.2 Soil erosion, sedimentation 9.3.3 Herbicides and pesticides 9.3.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded 9.4 Garbage & solid waste 9.5 Air-borne pollutants 9.5.1 Acid rain 9.5.2 Smog 9.5.3 Ozone 9.5.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

9.6 Excess energy 9.6.1 Light pollution 9.6.2 Thermal pollution 9.6.3 Noise pollution 9.6.4 Type Unknown/Unrecorded 10. Geological events 10.1 Volcanoes 10.2 Earthquakes/tsunamis 10.3 Avalanches/landslides 11. Climate change & severe weather 11.1 Habitat shifting & alteration 11.2 Droughts 11.3 Temperature extremes 11.4 Storms & flooding 11.5 Other impacts 12. Other options 12.1 Other threats

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

Table A8-3. The countries assigned to each region (UN, 2002)

Continent or major Country region Region Burundi Africa East Comoros Africa East Djibouti Africa East Eritrea Africa East Ethiopia Africa East Kenya Africa East Madagascar Africa East Malawi Africa East Mauritius Africa East Mozambique Africa East Rwanda Africa East Seychelles Africa East Somalia Africa East Uganda Africa East Zambia Africa East Zimbabwe Africa East British Indian Ocean Territory Africa East Mayotte Africa East Reunion Africa East Tanzania, United Republic of Africa East Angola Africa Middle Cameroon Africa Middle Central African Republic Africa Middle Chad Africa Middle Congo Africa Middle Equatorial Guinea Africa Middle Gabon Africa Middle Sao Tome and Principe Africa Middle Congo, The Democratic Republic of the Africa Middle Algeria Africa North Egypt Africa North Morocco Africa North Sudan Africa North Tunisia Africa North Western Sahara Africa North Botswana Africa South Lesotho Africa South Namibia Africa South South Africa Africa South Swaziland Africa South Benin Africa West Cape Verde Africa West Gambia Africa West

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

Ghana Africa West Guinea Africa West Guinea-Bissau Africa West Liberia Africa West Mali Africa West Mauritania Africa West Niger Africa West Nigeria Africa West Senegal Africa West Sierra Leone Africa West Togo Africa West Burkina Faso Africa West Cote d' Ivoire Africa West China Asia East Japan Asia East Mongolia Asia East Hong Kong Asia East Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Asia East Korea, Republic of Asia East Macao Asia East Taiwan, Province of China Asia East Afghanistan Asia South Central Bangladesh Asia South Central Bhutan Asia South Central India Asia South Central Kazakhstan Asia South Central Kyrgyzstan Asia South Central Maldives Asia South Central Nepal Asia South Central Pakistan Asia South Central Sri Lanka Asia South Central Tajikistan Asia South Central Turkmenistan Asia South Central Uzbekistan Asia South Central Iran, Islamic Republic of Asia South Central Cambodia Asia South Eastern Indonesia Asia South Eastern Malaysia Asia South Eastern Philippines Asia South Eastern Singapore Asia South Eastern Thailand Asia South Eastern Brunei Darussalam Asia South Eastern Lao People's Democratic Republic Asia South Eastern Myanmar Asia South Eastern Timor-Leste Asia South Eastern Viet Nam Asia South Eastern

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

Christmas Island Asia South Eastern Cocos (Keeling) Islands Asia South Eastern Armenia Asia Western Azerbaijan Asia Western Bahrain Asia Western Cyprus Asia Western Georgia Asia Western Iraq Asia Western Israel Asia Western Jordan Asia Western Kuwait Asia Western Lebanon Asia Western Oman Asia Western Qatar Asia Western Saudi Arabia Asia Western Turkey Asia Western United Arab Emirates Asia Western Yemen Asia Western Palestinian Territory, Occupied Asia Western Syrian Arab Republic Asia Western Belarus Europe East Bulgaria Europe East Czech Republic Europe East Hungary Europe East Moldova Europe East Poland Europe East Romania Europe East Russian Federation Europe East Slovakia Europe East Ukraine Europe East Denmark Europe North Estonia Europe North Finland Europe North Iceland Europe North Ireland Europe North Latvia Europe North Lithuania Europe North Norway Europe North Sweden Europe North United Kingdom Europe North Faroe Islands Europe North Guernsey Europe North Isle of Man Europe North Jersey Europe North Oland Islands Europe North Svalbard and Jan Mayen Europe North

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

Albania Europe South Andorra Europe South Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe South Croatia Europe South Greece Europe South Italy Europe South Malta Europe South Montenegro Europe South Portugal Europe South San Marino Europe South Serbia Europe South Slovenia Europe South Spain Europe South Gibraltar Europe South Holy See (Vatican City State) Europe South Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Europe South Austria Europe West Belgium Europe West France Europe West Germany Europe West Liechtenstein Europe West Luxembourg Europe West Monaco Europe West Netherlands Europe West Switzerland Europe West Latin America & Belize Caribbean Central Latin America & Costa Rica Caribbean Central Latin America & El Salvador Caribbean Central Latin America & Guatemala Caribbean Central Latin America & Honduras Caribbean Central Latin America & Mexico Caribbean Central Latin America & Nicaragua Caribbean Central Latin America & Panama Caribbean Central Latin America & Anguilla Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Aruba Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Cayman Islands Caribbean Caribbean

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

Latin America & Guadeloupe Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Martinique Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Montserrat Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Netherlands Antilles Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Puerto Rico Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Saint Barthelemy Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Saint Martin (French part) Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Virgin Islands, British Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Virgin Islands, U.S. Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Antigua and Barbuda Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Bahamas Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Barbados Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Cuba Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Dominica Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Dominican Republic Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Grenada Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Haiti Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Jamaica Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Saint Lucia Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean Caribbean Latin America & Argentina Caribbean South Latin America & Brazil Caribbean South

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

Latin America & Chile Caribbean South Latin America & Colombia Caribbean South Latin America & Ecuador Caribbean South Latin America & Guyana Caribbean South Latin America & Paraguay Caribbean South Latin America & Peru Caribbean South Latin America & Suriname Caribbean South Latin America & Uruguay Caribbean South Latin America & Falkland Islands (Malvinas) Caribbean South Latin America & French Guiana Caribbean South Bermuda North America North America Canada North America North America United States North America North America Greenland North America North America Saint Pierre and Miquelon North America North America United States Minor Outlying Islands North America North America Australia/New Australia Oceania Zealand Australia/New New Zealand Oceania Zealand Australia/New Norfolk Island Oceania Zealand Fiji Oceania Melanesia Papua New Guinea Oceania Melanesia Solomon Islands Oceania Melanesia Vanuatu Oceania Melanesia New Caledonia Oceania Melanesia Kiribati Oceania Micronesia Marshall Islands Oceania Micronesia Nauru Oceania Micronesia Palau Oceania Micronesia Guam Oceania Micronesia Northern Mariana Islands Oceania Micronesia Samoa Oceania Polynesia Tonga Oceania Polynesia Tuvalu Oceania Polynesia American Samoa Oceania Polynesia Cook Islands Oceania Polynesia

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 8 – Supporting information

French Polynesia Oceania Polynesia Niue Oceania Polynesia Pitcairn Oceania Polynesia Tokelau Oceania Polynesia Wallis and Futuna Oceania Polynesia

REFERENCES

UN (2002) World Population Ageing 1950-2050 Annex ii Classification of major areas and regions. Population Division, DESA, United Nations 43 http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/worldageing19502050/

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Table A9-1. The 500 highest scoring species, the taxonomic group to which they belong and the scores for each of the five co-benefits. Note that all values have been rounded to three decimal points. All co-benefit weighting factors set to 1 (default).

Species name

Taxonmic group Threat status Habitat Harvesting Genetic diversity Ecosystem services Priority Score Rank

Francolinus camerunensis birds 0.778 0.462 0.333 0.649 5.43 1

Caprimulgus prigoginei birds 0.778 0.568 0.659 3.89 2

Afropavo congensis birds 0.667 0.361 0.333 0.659 3.74 3

Craugastor polymniae amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Ecnomiohyla echinata amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Megastomatohyla mixe amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Plectrohyla calvicollina amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Plectrohyla celata amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Plectrohyla cyanomma amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Plectrohyla sabrina amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Pseudoeurycea saltator amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Pseudoeurycea smithi amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Pseudoeurycea unguidentis amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Thorius aureus amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Thorius smithi amphibians 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Habromys chinanteco mammals 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Habromys ixtlani mammals 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Habromys lepturus mammals 1.000 0.500 0.623 3.59 4

Calyptura cristata birds 1.000 0.236 0.964 3.14 19

Duellmanohyla ignicolor amphibians 0.778 0.500 0.623 2.68 20

Pseudoeurycea orchileucos amphibians 0.778 0.500 0.623 2.68 20

Thorius arboreus amphibians 0.778 0.500 0.623 2.68 20

Thorius boreas amphibians 0.778 0.500 0.623 2.68 20

Thorius pulmonaris amphibians 0.778 0.500 0.623 2.68 20

Megadontomys cryophilus mammals 0.778 0.500 0.623 2.68 20

Microtus oaxacensis mammals 0.778 0.500 0.623 2.68 20

Schoutedenapus schoutedeni birds 0.667 0.500 0.659 2.55 27

Francolinus nahani birds 0.778 0.245 0.333 0.640 2.53 28

Nemosia rourei birds 1.000 0.180 0.964 2.41 29

Acipenser sturio fish 1.000 0.611 0.492 2.05 30

Acipenser gueldenstaedtii fish 1.000 0.611 0.492 2.05 31

Anguilla anguilla fish 1.000 0.611 0.482 1.97 32

Phodilus prigoginei birds 0.778 0.411 0.659 1.84 33

Chiropterotriton chiropterus amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Chiropterotriton lavae amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Parvimolge townsendi amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Plectrohyla siopela amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Thorius minydemus amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Thorius munificus amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Thorius pennatulus amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Thorius spilogaster amphibians 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Neotoma nelsoni mammals 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Orthogeomys lanius mammals 1.000 0.364 0.623 1.82 34

Agelastes meleagrides birds 0.667 0.230 0.333 0.606 1.58 46

Eleutherodactylus amadeus amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus apostates amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus bakeri amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus brevirostris amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus chlorophenax amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus corona amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus dolomedes amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus eunaster amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus glandulifer amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus lamprotes amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus parapelates amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus sciagraphus amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus thorectes amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Eleutherodactylus ventrilineatus amphibians 1.000 0.341 0.618 1.48 47

Touit melanonotus birds 0.778 0.176 0.964 1.45 61

Ploceus aureonucha birds 0.778 0.392 0.640 1.44 62

Acipenser mikadoi fish 1.000 0.556 0.485 1.44 63

Hucho perryi fish 1.000 0.556 0.485 1.44 63

Tijuca condita birds 0.667 0.208 0.964 1.42 65

Epinephelus coioides fish 0.556 0.611 0.614 1.30 66

Ploceus batesi birds 0.778 0.369 0.649 1.21 67

Phyllastrephus leucolepis birds 1.000 0.348 0.575 1.20 68

Ploceus flavipes birds 0.667 0.392 0.659 1.15 69

Speirops melanocephalus birds 0.667 0.394 0.649 1.09 70

Pseudocalyptomena graueri birds 0.667 0.399 0.640 1.08 71

Stenodus leucichthys fish 0.889 0.556 0.492 1.04 72

Onychorhynchus swainsoni birds 0.667 0.178 0.964 1.02 73

Guttera plumifera birds 0.222 0.340 0.333 0.584 1.01 74

Telophorus kupeensis birds 0.778 0.352 0.649 1.00 75

Agelastes niger birds 0.222 0.330 0.333 0.597 1.00 76

Megastomatohyla nubicola amphibians 0.778 0.364 0.623 0.92 77

Pseudoeurycea lineola amphibians 0.778 0.364 0.623 0.92 77

Pseudoeurycea melanomolga amphibians 0.778 0.364 0.623 0.92 77

Thorius lunaris amphibians 0.778 0.364 0.623 0.92 77

Antilophia bokermanni birds 1.000 0.055 0.964 0.79 81

Glaucidium mooreorum birds 1.000 0.055 0.964 0.79 81

Tragopan satyra birds 0.556 0.231 0.333 0.561 0.75 83

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Merulaxis stresemanni birds 1.000 0.051 0.964 0.74 84

Francolinus swierstrai birds 0.778 0.116 0.333 0.626 0.73 85

Coregonus lavaretus fish 0.667 0.611 0.496 0.72 86

Philydor novaesi birds 1.000 0.050 0.964 0.72 87

Tijuca atra birds 0.556 0.188 0.964 0.70 88

Ctenosaura oaxacana reptiles 1.000 0.045 0.333 0.623 0.69 89

Leptodon forbesi birds 1.000 0.046 0.964 0.67 90

Cycloramphus faustoi amphibians 1.000 0.045 0.964 0.67 91

Pyrrhura griseipectus birds 1.000 0.043 0.964 0.63 92

Eleoscytalopus psychopompus birds 1.000 0.042 0.964 0.62 93

Phyllomyias griseocapilla birds 0.556 0.181 0.964 0.61 94

Myrmotherula snowi birds 1.000 0.040 0.964 0.59 95

Myrmotherula minor birds 0.667 0.144 0.964 0.58 96

Eleutherodactylus counouspeus amphibians 0.778 0.341 0.618 0.58 97

Hemitriccus furcatus birds 0.667 0.143 0.964 0.57 98

Amazona brasiliensis birds 0.667 0.142 0.964 0.56 99

Merulaxis ater birds 0.556 0.175 0.964 0.53 100

Prionops alberti birds 0.667 0.343 0.659 0.52 101

Glaucidium albertinum birds 0.667 0.356 0.638 0.50 102

Ramphodon naevius birds 0.556 0.172 0.964 0.49 103

Hipposideros lamottei mammals 1.000 0.273 0.604 0.48 104

Thraupis cyanoptera birds 0.556 0.170 0.964 0.47 105

Pyrrhura leucotis birds 0.556 0.170 0.964 0.47 106

Dacnis nigripes birds 0.556 0.168 0.964 0.44 107

Drymophila genei birds 0.556 0.166 0.964 0.42 108

Orchesticus abeillei birds 0.556 0.166 0.964 0.42 109

Francolinus ochropectus birds 1.000 0.026 0.333 0.619 0.41 110

Atelopus arsyecue amphibians 1.000 0.273 0.596 0.41 111

Atelopus carrikeri amphibians 1.000 0.273 0.596 0.41 111

Atelopus laetissimus amphibians 1.000 0.273 0.596 0.41 111

Atelopus nahumae amphibians 1.000 0.273 0.596 0.41 111

Phylloscartes oustaleti birds 0.556 0.165 0.964 0.40 115

Odontophorus capueira birds 0.222 0.151 0.333 0.795 0.39 116

Conothraupis mesoleuca birds 1.000 0.024 0.964 0.39 117

Carpornis cucullata birds 0.556 0.163 0.964 0.39 118

Pyrrhura viridicata birds 0.778 0.341 0.596 0.38 119

Bokermannohyla izecksohni amphibians 1.000 0.023 0.964 0.37 120

Hypsiboas cymbalum amphibians 1.000 0.023 0.964 0.37 120

Odontophrynus moratoi amphibians 1.000 0.023 0.964 0.37 120

Scinax alcatraz amphibians 1.000 0.023 0.964 0.37 120

Scinax faivovichi amphibians 1.000 0.023 0.964 0.37 120

Scinax peixotoi amphibians 1.000 0.023 0.964 0.37 120

Cyanopsitta spixii birds 1.000 0.023 0.964 0.37 120

Phyllomys mantiqueirensis mammals 1.000 0.023 0.964 0.37 120

Phyllomys unicolor mammals 1.000 0.023 0.964 0.37 120

Phylloscartes difficilis birds 0.556 0.162 0.964 0.37 129

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Ctenosaura bakeri reptiles 1.000 0.023 0.333 0.619 0.37 130

Myiotheretes pernix birds 0.778 0.339 0.596 0.36 131

Hemitriccus kaempferi birds 0.778 0.091 0.964 0.35 132

Babyrousa togeanensis mammals 0.778 0.333 0.747 0.28 133

Bubalus depressicornis mammals 0.778 0.333 0.747 0.28 133

Bubalus quarlesi mammals 0.778 0.333 0.747 0.28 133

Sus verrucosus mammals 0.778 0.333 0.747 0.28 133

Phylloscartes kronei birds 0.667 0.121 0.964 0.28 137

Tangara peruviana birds 0.667 0.118 0.964 0.24 138

Caspiomyzon wagneri fish 0.556 0.611 0.492 0.24 139

Eleoscytalopus indigoticus birds 0.556 0.152 0.964 0.23 140

Kupeornis gilberti birds 0.778 0.280 0.669 0.23 141

Nimbaphrynoides liberiensis amphibians 1.000 0.273 0.575 0.22 142

Cephalophus adersi mammals 1.000 0.333 0.636 0.22 143

Phylloscartes beckeri birds 0.778 0.078 0.964 0.18 144

Hemitriccus orbitatus birds 0.556 0.144 0.964 0.14 145

Drymophila ochropyga birds 0.556 0.141 0.964 0.09 146

Apus sladeniae birds 0.444 0.394 0.638 0.09 147

Coregonus maraena fish 0.667 0.556 0.485 0.08 148

Myrmotherula fluminensis birds 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Brachyteles hypoxanthus mammals 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Cebus flavius mammals 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Cebus kaapori mammals 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Cebus xanthosternos mammals 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Chiropotes satanas mammals 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Leontopithecus caissara mammals 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Elga newtonsantosi other 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Erythrodiplax nivea other 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Mecistogaster pronoti other 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Minagrion ribeiroi other 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Devillea flagelliformis plants 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Pilosocereus azulensis plants 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Bothropoides alcatraz reptiles 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Bothropoides insularis reptiles 1.000 0.964 0.08 149

Dasyprocta mexicana mammals 1.000 0.333 0.617 0.05 164

Leucopternis lacernulatus birds 0.667 0.103 0.964 0.05 165

Psophia viridis birds 0.778 0.067 0.964 0.05 166

Lophura hoogerwerfi birds 0.667 0.016 0.333 0.747 0.04 167

Francolinus lathami birds 0.222 0.249 0.333 0.608 0.04 168

Kupeornis chapini birds 0.556 0.341 0.659 0.03 169

Triclaria malachitacea birds 0.556 0.136 0.964 0.03 170

Terpsiphone bedfordi birds 0.556 0.339 0.659 0.01 171

Leucopternis polionotus birds 0.556 0.135 0.961 -0.01 172

Lophura inornata birds 0.667 0.012 0.333 0.747 -0.02 173

Campylopterus phainopeplus birds 0.778 0.309 0.596 -0.03 174

Bubalus mindorensis mammals 1.000 0.333 0.608 -0.03 175

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Sus cebifrons mammals 1.000 0.333 0.608 -0.03 175

Malaconotus alius birds 1.000 0.201 0.652 -0.03 177

Lophura edwardsi birds 1.000 0.007 0.333 0.595 -0.04 178

Coracina graueri birds 0.556 0.347 0.640 -0.05 179

Myrmotherula unicolor birds 0.556 0.129 0.964 -0.06 180

Arborophila orientalis birds 0.667 0.007 0.333 0.747 -0.08 181

Mitu mitu birds 0.889 0.023 0.964 -0.08 182

Cavia magna mammals 0.222 0.333 0.964 -0.09 183

Polyplectron schleiermacheri birds 0.778 0.013 0.333 0.684 -0.09 184

Cavia fulgida mammals 0.222 0.333 0.964 -0.10 185

Francolinus nobilis birds 0.222 0.225 0.333 0.629 -0.10 186

Indicator pumilio birds 0.556 0.350 0.629 -0.12 187

Rhegmatorhina gymnops birds 0.667 0.089 0.964 -0.12 188

Bos sauveli mammals 1.000 0.333 0.597 -0.13 189

Phibalura flavirostris birds 0.556 0.124 0.964 -0.13 190

Amazona rhodocorytha birds 0.778 0.053 0.964 -0.14 191

Odontophorus melanonotus birds 0.667 0.098 0.333 0.603 -0.15 192

Tilapia guineensis fish 0.222 0.722 0.474 -0.17 193

Babyrousa babyrussa mammals 0.667 0.333 0.747 -0.17 194

Babyrousa celebensis mammals 0.667 0.333 0.747 -0.17 194

Callosciurus melanogaster mammals 0.667 0.333 0.747 -0.17 194

Hylexetastes uniformis birds 0.667 0.085 0.964 -0.17 197

Lipaugus lanioides birds 0.556 0.119 0.964 -0.19 198

Crax blumenbachii birds 0.778 0.049 0.964 -0.20 199

Heliopais personatus birds 0.778 0.021 0.333 0.624 -0.20 200

Carpornis melanocephala birds 0.667 0.083 0.964 -0.21 201

Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus birds 0.222 0.221 0.964 -0.23 202

Dysithamnus xanthopterus birds 0.222 0.221 0.964 -0.23 203

Praomys obscurus mammals 0.778 0.333 0.688 -0.23 204

Phyllomys thomasi mammals 0.778 0.045 0.964 -0.24 205

Charadrahyla trux amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.623 -0.24 206

Craugastor guerreroensis amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.623 -0.24 206

Eleutherodactylus dixoni amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.623 -0.24 206

Lithobates omiltemanus amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.623 -0.24 206

Plectrohyla chryses amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.623 -0.24 206

Pseudoeurycea ahuitzotl amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.623 -0.24 206

Pseudoeurycea tlahcuiloh amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.623 -0.24 206

Thorius infernalis amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.623 -0.24 206

Dasyprocta ruatanica mammals 0.778 0.045 0.333 0.619 -0.25 214

Ctenosaura oedirhina reptiles 0.778 0.045 0.333 0.619 -0.25 214

Cotinga maculata birds 0.778 0.045 0.964 -0.25 216

Rhopornis ardesiacus birds 0.778 0.044 0.964 -0.26 217

Platycephalus indicus fish 0.444 0.611 0.483 -0.29 218

Polypedates fastigo amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.618 -0.29 219

Pseudophilautus lunatus amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.618 -0.29 219

Pseudophilautus papillosus amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.618 -0.29 219

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Pseudophilautus procax amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.618 -0.29 219

Pseudophilautus simba amphibians 1.000 0.205 0.618 -0.29 219

Iodopleura pipra birds 0.556 0.111 0.964 -0.29 224

Pyrrhura perlata birds 0.667 0.076 0.964 -0.29 225

Neopelma aurifrons birds 0.667 0.075 0.964 -0.31 226

Salmo salar fish 0.333 0.667 0.468 -0.32 227

Capito dayi birds 0.667 0.074 0.964 -0.33 228

Glaucis dohrnii birds 0.778 0.038 0.964 -0.33 229

Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi birds 0.667 0.073 0.964 -0.33 230

Touit surdus birds 0.667 0.073 0.964 -0.34 231

Pyrilia vulturina birds 0.667 0.072 0.964 -0.35 232

Catlocarpio siamensis fish 1.000 0.278 0.597 -0.36 233

Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus birds 0.778 0.036 0.959 -0.40 234

Dinomys branickii mammals 0.667 0.333 0.721 -0.40 235

Guaruba guarouba birds 0.778 0.032 0.964 -0.41 236

Phylloscartes ceciliae birds 0.778 0.032 0.964 -0.41 237

Cyrtonyx ocellatus birds 0.667 0.069 0.333 0.617 -0.41 238

Terenura sicki birds 0.778 0.032 0.964 -0.42 239

Myrmeciza ruficauda birds 0.778 0.032 0.964 -0.42 240

Arthroleptis crusculum amphibians 0.778 0.273 0.604 -0.42 241

Chlorocichla prigoginei birds 0.778 0.235 0.659 -0.44 242

Curaeus forbesi birds 0.778 0.028 0.964 -0.46 243

Myrmeciza squamosa birds 0.222 0.203 0.964 -0.46 244

Hylexetastes brigidai birds 0.667 0.063 0.964 -0.46 245

Lepidothrix iris birds 0.667 0.063 0.964 -0.46 245

Thripophaga macroura birds 0.667 0.062 0.964 -0.47 247

Cranioleuca pallida birds 0.222 0.201 0.964 -0.48 248

Arremon semitorquatus birds 0.222 0.201 0.964 -0.49 249

Phyllastrephus poliocephalus birds 0.556 0.294 0.669 -0.49 250

Colostethus ruthveni amphibians 0.778 0.273 0.596 -0.50 251

Cryptobatrachus boulengeri amphibians 0.778 0.273 0.596 -0.50 251

Pristimantis insignitus amphibians 0.778 0.273 0.596 -0.50 251

Pristimantis ruthveni amphibians 0.778 0.273 0.596 -0.50 251

Thomasomys monochromos mammals 0.778 0.273 0.596 -0.50 251

Synallaxis infuscata birds 0.778 0.025 0.964 -0.51 256

Odontophorus dialeucos birds 0.667 0.079 0.333 0.590 -0.51 257

Adelophryne maranguapensis amphibians 0.778 0.023 0.964 -0.53 258

Physalaemus soaresi amphibians 0.778 0.023 0.964 -0.53 258

Craugastor megalotympanum amphibians 1.000 0.182 0.623 -0.54 260

Ecnomiohyla valancifer amphibians 1.000 0.182 0.623 -0.54 260

Thorius narismagnus amphibians 1.000 0.182 0.623 -0.54 260

Mimus graysoni birds 1.000 0.182 0.623 -0.54 260

Cryptotis nelsoni mammals 1.000 0.182 0.623 -0.54 260

Ithaginis cruentus birds 0.222 0.228 0.333 0.573 -0.55 265

Mugil cephalus fish 0.222 0.667 0.494 -0.55 266

Batis minima birds 0.556 0.342 0.590 -0.55 267

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Cephalophus spadix mammals 0.778 0.333 0.652 -0.55 268

Ilicura militaris birds 0.222 0.196 0.964 -0.56 269

Poospiza thoracica birds 0.222 0.195 0.964 -0.56 270

Orthogonys chloricterus birds 0.222 0.194 0.964 -0.57 271

Praomys hartwigi mammals 0.778 0.333 0.649 -0.57 272

Coffea bakossii plants 0.778 0.333 0.649 -0.57 272

Eremomela turneri birds 0.778 0.237 0.640 -0.58 274

Phaethornis squalidus birds 0.222 0.193 0.964 -0.58 275

Clytolaema rubricauda birds 0.222 0.193 0.964 -0.58 276

Pleuronectes platessa fish 0.222 0.667 0.490 -0.58 277

Cairina scutulata birds 0.778 0.017 0.333 0.622 -0.59 278

Dysithamnus plumbeus birds 0.667 0.053 0.964 -0.59 279

Pyrrhura pfrimeri birds 0.778 0.018 0.964 -0.59 280

Phylloscartes roquettei birds 0.778 0.018 0.964 -0.60 281

Anabazenops fuscus birds 0.222 0.192 0.964 -0.60 282

Knipolegus nigerrimus birds 0.222 0.192 0.964 -0.61 283

Sus celebensis mammals 0.556 0.333 0.747 -0.62 284

Hemithraupis ruficapilla birds 0.222 0.190 0.964 -0.62 285

Odontorchilus cinereus birds 0.556 0.085 0.964 -0.63 286

Thraupis ornata birds 0.222 0.190 0.964 -0.63 287

Melomys fraterculus mammals 1.000 0.091 0.747 -0.63 288

Campephaga oriolina birds 0.444 0.368 0.594 -0.63 289

Drymophila ferruginea birds 0.222 0.189 0.964 -0.64 290

Malaconotus gladiator birds 0.667 0.248 0.669 -0.64 291

Todirostrum poliocephalum birds 0.222 0.188 0.964 -0.65 292

Jacamaralcyon tridactyla birds 0.667 0.049 0.964 -0.65 293

Tangara desmaresti birds 0.222 0.188 0.964 -0.65 294

Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi birds 0.556 0.083 0.964 -0.65 295

Acrobatornis fonsecai birds 0.667 0.048 0.964 -0.66 296

Acipenser dabryanus fish 1.000 0.333 0.498 -0.66 297

Pyriglena atra birds 0.778 0.013 0.964 -0.66 298

Attila rufus birds 0.222 0.187 0.964 -0.66 299

Lophura hatinhensis birds 0.778 0.029 0.333 0.595 -0.67 300

Odontophorus atrifrons birds 0.667 0.063 0.333 0.596 -0.67 301

Melanoperdix niger birds 0.667 0.020 0.333 0.660 -0.67 302

Lophura erythrophthalma birds 0.667 0.019 0.333 0.660 -0.68 303

Myrmotherula urosticta birds 0.667 0.046 0.964 -0.69 304

Hemitriccus nidipendulus birds 0.222 0.185 0.964 -0.70 305

Lophura bulweri birds 0.667 0.020 0.333 0.657 -0.70 306

Acipenser stellatus fish 1.000 0.333 0.493 -0.70 307

Ethmalosa fimbriata fish 0.222 0.667 0.476 -0.70 308

Lepidocolaptes squamatus birds 0.222 0.184 0.964 -0.71 309

Francolinus ahantensis birds 0.222 0.185 0.333 0.618 -0.71 310

Clytoctantes atrogularis birds 0.667 0.044 0.964 -0.72 311

Huso huso fish 1.000 0.333 0.492 -0.72 312

Acipenser nudiventris fish 1.000 0.333 0.491 -0.72 313

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Myrmotherula gularis birds 0.222 0.182 0.964 -0.73 314

Casuarius casuarius birds 0.667 0.020 0.333 0.653 -0.73 315

Chamaeza meruloides birds 0.222 0.182 0.964 -0.73 316

Picumnus varzeae birds 0.778 0.007 0.964 -0.74 317

Oncorhynchus nerka fish 0.222 0.667 0.472 -0.74 318

Pyrrhura cruentata birds 0.667 0.042 0.964 -0.74 319

Cranioleuca muelleri birds 0.778 0.005 0.964 -0.76 320

Melaenornis annamarulae birds 0.667 0.280 0.606 -0.77 321

Colluricincla sanghirensis birds 1.000 0.080 0.747 -0.77 322

Eutrichomyias rowleyi birds 1.000 0.080 0.747 -0.77 322

Eriocnemis mirabilis birds 1.000 0.182 0.596 -0.77 324

Pastinachus sephen fish 0.444 0.556 0.491 -0.77 325

Pavo muticus birds 0.778 0.011 0.333 0.610 -0.78 326

Cichlocolaptes leucophrus birds 0.222 0.177 0.964 -0.79 327

Pteroglossus bitorquatus birds 0.556 0.072 0.964 -0.80 328

Odontophorus strophium birds 0.778 0.018 0.333 0.596 -0.81 329

Neopelma chrysolophum birds 0.222 0.176 0.964 -0.81 330

Cercomacra brasiliana birds 0.556 0.070 0.964 -0.82 331

Pterodroma magentae birds 1.000 0.205 0.556 -0.82 332

Ctenosaura flavidorsalis reptiles 0.778 0.333 0.621 -0.82 333

Bos javanicus mammals 0.778 0.333 0.620 -0.83 334

Chiasmocleis carvalhoi amphibians 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Dendrophryniscus carvalhoi amphibians 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Scinax belloni amphibians 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Thoropa lutzi amphibians 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Alouatta ululata mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Ateles marginatus mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Brachyteles arachnoides mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Callicebus coimbrai mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Callistomys pictus mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Callithrix flaviceps mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Cebus robustus mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Chiropotes albinasus mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Chiropotes utahickae mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Euryoryzomys lamia mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Leontopithecus chrysomelas mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Leontopithecus chrysopygus mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Leontopithecus rosalia mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Phyllomys lundi mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Saguinus bicolor mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Trinomys eliasi mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Trinomys moojeni mammals 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Drepanolejeunea aculeata plants 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Schlumbergera kautskyi plants 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Corallus cropanii reptiles 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

Liolaemus arambarensis reptiles 0.778 0.964 -0.83 335

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Ctenosaura melanosterna reptiles 0.778 0.333 0.619 -0.83 360

Praomys morio mammals 0.778 0.333 0.619 -0.84 361

Penelope pileata birds 0.667 0.034 0.964 -0.84 362

Ctenosaura palearis reptiles 0.778 0.333 0.619 -0.84 363

Capra falconeri mammals 0.778 0.333 0.617 -0.85 364

Brotogeris tirica birds 0.222 0.173 0.964 -0.85 365

Coffea myrtifolia plants 0.778 0.333 0.617 -0.85 366

Piprites pileata birds 0.667 0.142 0.801 -0.86 367

Bolitoglossa diaphora amphibians 1.000 0.159 0.619 -0.86 368

Craugastor merendonensis amphibians 1.000 0.159 0.619 -0.86 368

Craugastor omoaensis amphibians 1.000 0.159 0.619 -0.86 368

Oedipina tomasi amphibians 1.000 0.159 0.619 -0.86 368

Plectrohyla dasypus amphibians 1.000 0.159 0.619 -0.86 368

Plectrohyla exquisita amphibians 1.000 0.159 0.619 -0.86 368

Pipile jacutinga birds 0.778 0.111 0.795 -0.86 374

Drymophila squamata birds 0.222 0.171 0.964 -0.87 375

Sporophila falcirostris birds 0.667 0.145 0.795 -0.88 376

Nannophrys marmorata amphibians 1.000 0.159 0.618 -0.88 377

Pseudophilautus macropus amphibians 1.000 0.159 0.618 -0.88 377

Crypturellus noctivagus birds 0.556 0.066 0.964 -0.88 379

Dendrocygna arborea birds 0.667 0.032 0.333 0.617 -0.89 380

Pyrrhura lepida birds 0.667 0.030 0.964 -0.90 381

Bubalus arnee mammals 0.778 0.333 0.612 -0.90 382

Meleagris ocellata birds 0.556 0.075 0.333 0.604 -0.90 383

Aphantochroa cirrochloris birds 0.222 0.169 0.964 -0.90 384

Carduelis yarrellii birds 0.667 0.029 0.964 -0.91 385

Amazona kawalli birds 0.556 0.064 0.964 -0.91 386

Myrmeciza loricata birds 0.222 0.168 0.964 -0.91 387

Sporophila frontalis birds 0.667 0.142 0.795 -0.92 388

Penelope ochrogaster birds 0.667 0.028 0.964 -0.92 389

Capricornis sumatraensis mammals 0.667 0.333 0.660 -0.93 390

Sus oliveri mammals 0.778 0.333 0.608 -0.93 391

Encephalartos aemulans plants 1.000 0.222 0.618 -0.94 392

Nectarinia loveridgei birds 0.778 0.201 0.652 -0.94 393

Lepidothrix vilasboasi birds 0.667 0.026 0.964 -0.94 394

Tangara cyanoventris birds 0.222 0.165 0.964 -0.95 395

Platyrinchus leucoryphus birds 0.667 0.139 0.795 -0.95 396

Elephas maximus mammals 0.778 0.333 0.605 -0.95 397

Penelope jacucaca birds 0.667 0.025 0.964 -0.96 398

Taxus wallichiana plants 0.778 0.333 0.605 -0.96 399

Pyrilia aurantiocephala birds 0.556 0.059 0.964 -0.97 400

Ketupa blakistoni birds 0.778 0.013 0.333 0.547 -0.97 401

Arborophila torqueola birds 0.222 0.192 0.333 0.577 -0.97 402

Catreus wallichi birds 0.667 0.026 0.333 0.616 -0.98 403

Parmoptila rubrifrons birds 0.556 0.298 0.606 -0.98 404

Cercomacra ferdinandi birds 0.667 0.022 0.964 -0.99 405

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Polyplectron malacense birds 0.667 0.020 0.333 0.622 -1.00 406

Bubo shelleyi birds 0.556 0.308 0.589 -1.01 407

Cryptospiza shelleyi birds 0.667 0.246 0.629 -1.01 408

Conopophaga melanops birds 0.222 0.160 0.964 -1.02 409

Clarias macrocephalus fish 0.556 0.389 0.602 -1.02 410

Ctenosaura quinquecariniata reptiles 0.778 0.333 0.598 -1.02 411

Tangara fastuosa birds 0.667 0.020 0.964 -1.02 412

Capra caucasica mammals 0.778 0.333 0.598 -1.02 413

Cephalophus jentinki mammals 0.778 0.333 0.597 -1.02 414

Scytalopus novacapitalis birds 0.556 0.054 0.964 -1.04 415

Malaconotus monteiri birds 0.556 0.272 0.637 -1.04 416

Hemitriccus mirandae birds 0.667 0.018 0.964 -1.04 417

Jubula lettii birds 0.444 0.339 0.589 -1.06 418

Picathartes oreas birds 0.667 0.274 0.582 -1.06 419

Scotopelia ussheri birds 0.667 0.257 0.606 -1.07 420

Sus barbatus mammals 0.667 0.333 0.644 -1.07 421

Callosciurus albescens mammals 0.444 0.333 0.747 -1.07 422

Sheppardia montana birds 0.778 0.191 0.652 -1.08 423

Polyplectron inopinatum birds 0.667 0.018 0.333 0.617 -1.08 424

Pucrasia macrolopha birds 0.222 0.173 0.333 0.593 -1.09 425

Campephaga lobata birds 0.667 0.255 0.606 -1.10 426

Lophophorus impejanus birds 0.222 0.176 0.333 0.587 -1.10 427

Casuarius unappendiculatus birds 0.667 0.333 0.641 -1.10 428

Neomorphus squamiger birds 0.667 0.014 0.964 -1.10 429

Biatas nigropectus birds 0.667 0.124 0.801 -1.10 430

Columba albinucha birds 0.556 0.268 0.637 -1.10 431

Liza ramada fish 0.222 0.611 0.493 -1.11 432

Herpsilochmus pectoralis birds 0.667 0.013 0.964 -1.12 433

Craugastor omiltemanus amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Craugastor uno amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Eleutherodactylus dilatus amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Pseudoeurycea tenchalli amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Pseudoeurycea teotepec amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Thorius grandis amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Thorius omiltemi amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Megadontomys thomasi mammals 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Reithrodontomys bakeri mammals 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Sylvilagus insonus mammals 0.778 0.205 0.623 -1.15 434

Amazona vinacea birds 0.778 0.088 0.795 -1.17 444

Nectophrynoides poyntoni amphibians 1.000 0.114 0.652 -1.17 445

Nectophrynoides wendyae amphibians 1.000 0.114 0.652 -1.17 445

Congosorex phillipsorum mammals 1.000 0.114 0.652 -1.17 445

Coregonus albula fish 0.222 0.611 0.486 -1.17 448

Anabacerthia amaurotis birds 0.556 0.157 0.795 -1.17 449

Polyplectron napoleonis birds 0.667 0.016 0.333 0.608 -1.18 450

Apalis fuscigularis birds 1.000 0.134 0.620 -1.18 451

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Anguilla marmorata fish 0.222 0.611 0.485 -1.18 452

Odontophorus hyperythrus birds 0.556 0.058 0.333 0.596 -1.19 453

Hylomyscus grandis mammals 1.000 0.114 0.649 -1.19 454

Pseudophilautus auratus amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.618 -1.19 455

Pseudophilautus ocularis amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.618 -1.19 455

Pseudophilautus poppiae amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.618 -1.19 455

Pseudophilautus silvaticus amphibians 0.778 0.205 0.618 -1.19 455

Elaenia ridleyana birds 0.667 0.006 0.964 -1.20 459

Oreochromis jipe fish 1.000 0.278 0.499 -1.21 460

Rhabdalestes leleupi fish 1.000 0.278 0.499 -1.21 460

Cyprinus barbatus fish 1.000 0.278 0.498 -1.21 462

Ptychidio jordani fish 1.000 0.278 0.498 -1.21 462

Oreochromis karomo fish 1.000 0.278 0.498 -1.21 464

Bunomys coelestis mammals 1.000 0.045 0.747 -1.22 465

Salmo carpio fish 1.000 0.278 0.497 -1.22 466

Muscicapa lendu birds 0.667 0.226 0.634 -1.23 467

Tragopan melanocephalus birds 0.667 0.006 0.333 0.617 -1.23 468

Formicivora iheringi birds 0.556 0.039 0.964 -1.23 469

Dysithamnus stictothorax birds 0.556 0.148 0.801 -1.23 470

Batis ituriensis birds 0.222 0.361 0.640 -1.23 471

Lethenteron camtschaticum fish 0.222 0.611 0.477 -1.24 472

Oreochromis mortimeri fish 1.000 0.278 0.495 -1.25 473

Pitta megarhyncha birds 0.556 0.333 0.639 -1.25 474

Prunus africana plants 0.667 0.333 0.623 -1.25 475

Dendrortyx barbatus birds 0.667 0.333 0.623 -1.26 476

Ctenosaura clarki reptiles 0.667 0.333 0.623 -1.26 476

Ctenosaura defensor reptiles 0.667 0.333 0.623 -1.26 476

Hylopezus ochroleucus birds 0.556 0.037 0.964 -1.26 479

Alipiopsitta xanthops birds 0.556 0.037 0.964 -1.26 480

Callosciurus adamsi mammals 0.667 0.333 0.621 -1.27 481

Acipenser persicus fish 1.000 0.278 0.492 -1.27 482

Malimbus ibadanensis birds 0.778 0.150 0.688 -1.28 483

Inga lenticellata plants 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Adelophryne baturitensis amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Allobates olfersioides amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Allobates subfolionidificans amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Bokermannohyla vulcaniae amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Cycloramphus acangatan amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Dasypops schirchi amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Euparkerella robusta amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Euparkerella tridactyla amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Physalaemus atlanticus amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Thoropa petropolitana amphibians 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Lophornis gouldii birds 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Synallaxis whitneyi birds 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Alouatta belzebul mammals 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Alouatta discolor mammals 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Bradypus torquatus mammals 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

Cacajao ayresi mammals 0.667 0.964 -1.28 484

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Table A9-2. Bird case study - The 500 highest scoring species, the taxonomic group to which they belong and the scores for each of the five co-benefits. Note that all values have been rounded to

three decimal points. All co-benefit weighting factors set to 1 (default).

Species name Order Score Rank

Threatstatus Habitat Harvesting Gen.diversity ES provisioning Francolinus camerunensis GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.462 0.333 0.649 6.539 1

Afropavo congensis GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.361 0.333 0.659 4.625 2

Francolinus nahani GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.245 0.333 0.640 3.389 3

Agelastes meleagrides GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.230 0.333 0.606 2.301 4

Francolinus swierstrai GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.116 0.333 0.626 1.436 5

Guttera plumifera GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.340 0.333 0.584 1.400 6

Agelastes niger GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.330 0.333 0.597 1.380 7

Tragopan satyra GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.231 0.333 0.561 1.347 8

Francolinus ochropectus GALLIFORMES 1.000 0.026 0.333 0.619 1.233 9

Lophura edwardsi GALLIFORMES 1.000 0.007 0.333 0.595 0.754 10

Odontophorus capueira GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.151 0.333 0.795 0.642 11

Lophura hoogerwerfi GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.016 0.333 0.747 0.564 12

Polyplectron schleiermacheri GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.013 0.333 0.684 0.514 13

Lophura inornata GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.012 0.333 0.747 0.501 14

Arborophila orientalis GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.007 0.333 0.747 0.434 15

Odontophorus melanonotus GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.098 0.333 0.603 0.411 16

Francolinus lathami GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.249 0.333 0.608 0.329 17

Francolinus nobilis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.225 0.333 0.629 0.177 18

Cyrtonyx ocellatus GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.069 0.333 0.617 0.124 19

Odontophorus dialeucos GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.079 0.333 0.590 0.027 20

Cairina scutulata ANSERIFORMES 0.778 0.017 0.333 0.622 0.001 21

Lophura hatinhensis GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.029 0.333 0.595 -0.073 22

Odontophorus atrifrons GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.063 0.333 0.596 -0.149 23

Melanoperdix niger GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.020 0.333 0.660 -0.178 24

Lophura erythrophthalma GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.019 0.333 0.660 -0.185 25

Pavo muticus GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.011 0.333 0.610 -0.198 26

Lophura bulweri GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.020 0.333 0.657 -0.209 27

Odontophorus strophium GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.018 0.333 0.596 -0.231 28

Casuarius casuarius STRUTHIONIFORMES 0.667 0.020 0.333 0.653 -0.238 29

Ithaginis cruentus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.228 0.333 0.573 -0.288 30

Dendrocygna arborea ANSERIFORMES 0.667 0.032 0.333 0.617 -0.399 31

Meleagris ocellata GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.075 0.333 0.604 -0.473 32

Francolinus ahantensis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.185 0.333 0.618 -0.484 33

Catreus wallichi GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.026 0.333 0.616 -0.488 34

Polyplectron malacense GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.020 0.333 0.622 -0.518 35

Polyplectron inopinatum GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.018 0.333 0.617 -0.602 36

Casuarius unappendiculatus STRUTHIONIFORMES 0.667 0.333 0.641 -0.631 37

Polyplectron napoleonis GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.016 0.333 0.608 -0.704 38

Arborophila torqueola GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.192 0.333 0.577 -0.757 39

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Tragopan melanocephalus GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.006 0.333 0.617 -0.766 40

Odontophorus hyperythrus GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.058 0.333 0.596 -0.784 41

Dendrortyx barbatus GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.333 0.623 -0.798 42

Pucrasia macrolopha GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.173 0.333 0.593 -0.887 43

Colinus virginianus GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.050 0.333 0.597 -0.893 44

Lophophorus impejanus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.176 0.333 0.587 -0.894 45

Branta ruficollis ANSERIFORMES 0.778 0.027 0.333 0.493 -1.024 46

Lophophorus sclateri GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.011 0.333 0.576 -1.070 47

Caloperdix oculeus GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.651 -1.109 48

Rheinardia ocellata GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.032 0.333 0.599 -1.124 49

Tragopan blythii GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.014 0.333 0.563 -1.138 50

Argusianus argus GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.643 -1.178 51

Francolinus jacksoni GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.133 0.333 0.621 -1.188 52

Alectoris graeca GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.020 0.333 0.610 -1.190 53

Casuarius bennetti STRUTHIONIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.641 -1.195 54

Lophura ignita GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.641 -1.199 55

Rhizothera longirostris GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.641 -1.199 55

Rollulus rouloul GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.641 -1.199 55

Arborophila charltonii GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.639 -1.209 58

Arborophila rufipectus GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.007 0.333 0.498 -1.267 59

Arborophila mandellii GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.017 0.333 0.544 -1.278 60

Arborophila davidi GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.018 0.333 0.597 -1.337 61

Tetrao mlokosiewiczi GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.010 0.333 0.608 -1.348 62

Perdicula manipurensis GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.042 0.333 0.496 -1.360 63

Polyplectron katsumatae GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.333 0.498 -1.362 64

Arborophila rufogularis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.143 0.333 0.585 -1.379 65

Polyplectron germaini GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.013 0.333 0.597 -1.415 66

Francolinus gularis GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.033 0.333 0.495 -1.490 67

Odontophorus speciosus GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.605 -1.521 68

Syrmaticus humiae GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.011 0.333 0.585 -1.550 69

Odontophorus stellatus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.784 -1.595 70

Francolinus harwoodi GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.021 0.333 0.499 -1.620 71

Francolinus psilolaemus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.101 0.333 0.621 -1.635 72

Arborophila atrogularis GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.585 -1.702 73

Acryllium vulturinum GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.090 0.333 0.629 -1.728 74

Anser cygnoides ANSERIFORMES 0.667 0.018 0.333 0.490 -1.753 75

Odontophorus balliviani GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.107 0.333 0.589 -1.851 76

Tragopan caboti GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.005 0.333 0.498 -1.852 77

Arborophila ardens GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.005 0.333 0.498 -1.862 78

Syrmaticus reevesii GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.003 0.333 0.498 -1.878 79

Crossoptilon mantchuricum GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.003 0.333 0.498 -1.885 80

Pavo cristatus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.100 0.333 0.596 -1.888 81

Arborophila javanica GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.747 -1.923 82

Arborophila rolli GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.747 -1.923 82

Arborophila rubrirostris GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.747 -1.923 82

Arborophila sumatrana GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.747 -1.923 82

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Gallus varius GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.747 -1.923 82

Polyplectron chalcurum GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.747 -1.923 82

Odontophorus leucolaemus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.101 0.333 0.590 -1.928 88

Crossoptilon harmani GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.554 -1.988 89

Francolinus castaneicollis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.072 0.333 0.622 -2.049 90

Haematortyx sanguiniceps GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.030 0.333 0.684 -2.066 91

Dendragapus falcipennis GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.543 -2.082 92

Polyplectron bicalcaratum GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.093 0.333 0.584 -2.089 93

Odontophorus gujanensis GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.540 -2.113 94

Arborophila brunneopectus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.088 0.333 0.584 -2.165 95

Lophura nycthemera GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.079 0.333 0.592 -2.222 96

Francolinus finschi GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.086 0.333 0.563 -2.370 97

Arborophila chloropus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.070 0.333 0.584 -2.414 98

Arborophila gingica GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.005 0.333 0.498 -2.420 99

Syrmaticus ellioti GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.005 0.333 0.498 -2.426 100

Lophura diardi GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.055 0.333 0.602 -2.469 101

Francolinus erckelii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.052 0.333 0.607 -2.471 102

Bonasa sewerzowi GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.498 -2.490 103

Crossoptilon crossoptilon GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.498 -2.490 103

Arborophila hyperythra GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.684 -2.497 105

Syrmaticus soemmerringii GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.497 -2.501 106

Francolinus griseostriatus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.036 0.333 0.626 -2.524 107

Dendrocygna bicolor ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.043 0.111 0.333 0.475 -2.548 108 Alectoris melanocephala GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.022 0.333 0.619 -2.785 109

Alectoris barbara GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.018 0.333 0.617 -2.853 110

Dendrocygna javanica ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.019 0.333 0.609 -2.905 111

Bonasa bonasia GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.022 0.333 0.605 -2.907 112

Arborophila cambodiana GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.020 0.333 0.605 -2.924 113

Perdix dauurica GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.026 0.333 0.594 -2.941 114

Tetrao urogallus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.019 0.333 0.605 -2.945 115

Tetrao tetrix GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.018 0.333 0.603 -2.969 116

Phasianus colchicus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.015 0.333 0.606 -2.993 117

Francolinus clappertoni GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.627 -3.014 118

Francolinus shelleyi GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.627 -3.016 119

Francolinus sephaena GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.626 -3.025 120

Francolinus adspersus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.623 -3.051 121

Francolinus natalensis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.623 -3.053 122

Callipepla douglasii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.623 -3.055 123

Dendrortyx macroura GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.623 -3.055 123

Arborophila campbelli GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.621 -3.070 125

Francolinus levaillantoides GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.621 -3.072 126

Francolinus bicalcaratus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.620 -3.077 127

Galloperdix bicalcarata GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.618 -3.102 128

Gallus lafayetii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.618 -3.102 128

Guttera pucherani GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.617 -3.107 130

Margaroperdix madagascariensis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.616 -3.119 131

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Francolinus coqui GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.615 -3.127 132

Numida meleagris GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.613 -3.140 133

Perdicula asiatica GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.613 -3.141 134

Dendrortyx leucophrys GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.613 -3.142 135

Francolinus squamatus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.610 -3.166 136

Dactylortyx thoracicus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.610 -3.166 137

Gallus sonneratii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.609 -3.178 138

Francolinus afer GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.608 -3.186 139

Gallus gallus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.605 -3.213 140

Cairina moschata ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.016 0.333 0.578 -3.226 141

Odontophorus guttatus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.602 -3.247 142

Odontophorus melanotis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.600 -3.261 143

Odontophorus erythrops GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.599 -3.265 144

Rhynchortyx cinctus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.599 -3.265 144

Cyrtonyx montezumae GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.599 -3.270 146

Tetrao parvirostris GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.020 0.333 0.567 -3.273 147

Lagopus lagopus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.596 -3.294 148

Lophura leucomelanos GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.590 -3.355 149

Francolinus pintadeanus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.588 -3.371 150

Callipepla californica GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.587 -3.382 151

Oreortyx pictus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.581 -3.432 152

Tragopan temminckii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.581 -3.433 153

Meleagris gallopavo GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.579 -3.455 154

Bonasa umbellus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.560 -3.620 155

Dendragapus canadensis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.560 -3.620 155

Dendragapus fuliginosus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.560 -3.620 155

Dendragapus obscurus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.560 -3.620 155

Lagopus leucura GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.560 -3.620 155

Chrysolophus amherstiae GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.560 -3.626 160

Chrysolophus pictus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.557 -3.647 161

Tetraophasis szechenyii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.554 -3.681 162

Dendrocygna viduata ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.045 0.333 0.471 -3.801 163

Anas platyrhynchos ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.029 0.333 0.488 -3.875 164

Dendrocygna arcuata ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.033 0.333 0.476 -3.912 165

Dendrocygna autumnalis ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.049 0.333 0.448 -3.941 166

Anser anser ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.022 0.333 0.487 -3.973 167

Anser indicus ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.020 0.333 0.484 -4.027 168

Xenoperdix udzungwensis GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.122 0.333 -4.158 169

Francolinus pictus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.498 -4.183 170

Crossoptilon auritum GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.498 -4.183 171

Tetraophasis obscurus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.498 -4.183 171

Bambusicola thoracicus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.498 -4.189 173

Dendrocygna eytoni ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.032 0.333 0.447 -4.200 174

Francolinus swainsonii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.496 -4.205 175

Chen caerulescens ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.007 0.333 0.478 -4.272 176

Coturnix chinensis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.483 -4.323 177

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Dendrocygna guttata ANSERIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.467 -4.465 178

Coturnix ypsilophora GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 0.462 -4.509 179

Ophrysia superciliosa GALLIFORMES 1.000 0.004 0.333 -4.695 180

Lerwa lerwa GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.226 0.333 -5.512 181

Centrocercus minimus GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.002 0.333 -5.852 182

Perdix hodgsoniae GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.199 0.333 -5.897 183

Francolinus streptophorus GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.074 0.333 -5.962 184

Tetraogallus tibetanus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.189 0.333 -6.040 185

Odontophorus columbianus GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.060 0.333 -6.162 186

Lophophorus lhuysii GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.006 0.333 -6.366 187

Tympanuchus cupido GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.004 0.333 -6.388 188

Tympanuchus pallidicinctus GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.002 0.333 -6.416 189

Branta sandvicensis ANSERIFORMES 0.667 0.333 -6.445 190

Rhea americana STRUTHIONIFORMES 0.556 0.026 0.333 -6.637 191

Bambusicola fytchii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.123 0.333 -6.970 192

Centrocercus urophasianus GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.002 0.333 -6.978 193

Anurophasis monorthonyx GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 -7.009 194

Arborophila crudigularis GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 -7.009 194

Coturnix japonica GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 -7.009 194

Lophura swinhoii GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 -7.009 194

Syrmaticus mikado GALLIFORMES 0.556 0.333 -7.009 194

Francolinus icterorhynchus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.099 0.333 -7.307 199

Francolinus rufopictus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.095 0.333 -7.367 200

Caprimulgus prigoginei CAPRIMULGIFORMES 0.778 0.568 0.000 0.659 -7.436 201

Francolinus leucoscepus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.085 0.333 -7.499 202

Colinus nigrogularis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.074 0.333 -7.661 203

Tetraogallus himalayensis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.059 0.333 -7.874 204

Francolinus hartlaubi GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.042 0.333 -8.114 205

Francolinus capensis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.034 0.333 -8.225 206

Calyptura cristata PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.236 0.964 -8.233 207

Ammoperdix heyi GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.028 0.333 -8.305 208

Alectoris philbyi GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.027 0.333 -8.317 209

Francolinus francolinus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.025 0.333 -8.355 210

Coturnix coturnix GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.021 0.333 -8.402 211

Ammoperdix griseogularis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.021 0.333 -8.405 212

Lagopus muta GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.019 0.333 -8.429 213

Tetraogallus altaicus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.019 0.333 -8.439 214

Alectoris rufa GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.017 0.333 -8.458 215

Perdix perdix GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.015 0.333 -8.494 216

Tetraogallus caspius GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.014 0.333 -8.508 217

Alectoris chukar GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.013 0.333 -8.523 218

Tetraogallus caucasicus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.011 0.333 -8.550 219

Alectoris magna GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Callipepla gambelii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Callipepla squamata GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Colinus cristatus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Coturnix coromandelica GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Coturnix delegorguei GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Coturnix pectoralis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Dromaius novaehollandiae STRUTHIONIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Francolinus africanus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Francolinus albogularis GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Francolinus hildebrandti GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Francolinus levaillantii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Francolinus pondicerianus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Francolinus schlegelii GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Galloperdix lunulata GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Galloperdix spadicea GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Perdicula argoondah GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Perdicula erythrorhyncha GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Philortyx fasciatus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Ptilopachus petrosus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Struthio camelus STRUTHIONIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Tympanuchus phasianellus GALLIFORMES 0.222 0.333 -8.702 220

Schoutedenapus schoutedeni APODIFORMES 0.667 0.500 0.659 -8.963 242

Nemosia rourei PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.180 0.964 -9.023 243

Coturnix novaezelandiae GALLIFORMES 0.111 0.333 -9.267 244

Phodilus prigoginei STRIGIFORMES 0.778 0.411 0.659 -9.660 245

Argusianus bipunctatus 0.333 -9.831 246

Ploceus aureonucha PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.392 0.640 -10.088 247

Phyllastrephus leucolepis PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.348 0.575 -10.181 248

Touit melanonotus PSITTACIFORMES 0.778 0.176 0.964 -10.213 249

Tijuca condita PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.208 0.964 -10.319 250

Ploceus batesi PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.369 0.649 -10.340 251

Ploceus flavipes PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.392 0.659 -10.484 252

Speirops melanocephalus PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.394 0.649 -10.545 253

Pseudocalyptomena graueri PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.399 0.640 -10.557 254

Telophorus kupeensis PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.352 0.649 -10.574 255

Onychorhynchus swainsoni PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.178 0.964 -10.753 256

Antilophia bokermanni PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.055 0.964 -10.788 257

Glaucidium mooreorum STRIGIFORMES 1.000 0.055 0.964 -10.788 257

Merulaxis stresemanni PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.051 0.964 -10.846 259

Philydor novaesi PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.050 0.964 -10.865 260

Leptodon forbesi FALCONIFORMES 1.000 0.046 0.964 -10.923 261

Pyrrhura griseipectus PSITTACIFORMES 1.000 0.043 0.964 -10.960 262

Eleoscytalopus psychopompus PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.042 0.964 -10.980 263

Myrmotherula snowi PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.040 0.964 -11.004 264

Tijuca atra PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.188 0.964 -11.170 265

Prionops alberti PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.343 0.659 -11.173 266

Glaucidium albertinum STRIGIFORMES 0.667 0.356 0.638 -11.185 267

Pyrrhura viridicata PSITTACIFORMES 0.778 0.341 0.596 -11.222 268

Conothraupis mesoleuca PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.024 0.964 -11.224 269

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Myrmotherula minor PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.144 0.964 -11.230 270

Hemitriccus furcatus PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.143 0.964 -11.240 271

Myiotheretes pernix PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.339 0.596 -11.246 272

Cyanopsitta spixii PSITTACIFORMES 1.000 0.023 0.964 -11.247 273

Amazona brasiliensis PSITTACIFORMES 0.667 0.142 0.964 -11.252 274

Phyllomyias griseocapilla PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.181 0.964 -11.268 275

Merulaxis ater PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.175 0.964 -11.355 276

Ramphodon naevius APODIFORMES 0.556 0.172 0.964 -11.400 277

Hemitriccus kaempferi PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.091 0.964 -11.415 278

Kupeornis gilberti PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.280 0.669 -11.420 279

Thraupis cyanoptera PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.170 0.964 -11.427 280

Pyrrhura leucotis PSITTACIFORMES 0.556 0.170 0.964 -11.429 281

Dacnis nigripes PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.168 0.964 -11.457 282

Drymophila genei PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.166 0.964 -11.475 283

Orchesticus abeillei PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.166 0.964 -11.479 284

Phylloscartes oustaleti PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.165 0.964 -11.502 285

Carpornis cucullata PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.163 0.964 -11.517 286

Phylloscartes difficilis PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.162 0.964 -11.536 287

Malaconotus alius PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.201 0.652 -11.557 288

Phylloscartes kronei PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.121 0.964 -11.558 289

Myrmotherula fluminensis PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.964 -11.568 290

Phylloscartes beckeri PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.078 0.964 -11.595 291

Tangara peruviana PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.118 0.964 -11.600 292

Campylopterus phainopeplus APODIFORMES 0.778 0.309 0.596 -11.667 293

Eleoscytalopus indigoticus PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.152 0.964 -11.683 294

Heliopais personatus GRUIFORMES 0.778 0.021 0.333 0.624 -11.738 295

Psophia viridis GRUIFORMES 0.778 0.067 0.964 -11.744 296

Kupeornis chapini PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.341 0.659 -11.774 297

Apus sladeniae APODIFORMES 0.444 0.394 0.638 -11.774 298

Hemitriccus orbitatus PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.144 0.964 -11.789 299

Terpsiphone bedfordi PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.339 0.659 -11.795 300

Leucopternis lacernulatus FALCONIFORMES 0.667 0.103 0.964 -11.807 301

Mitu mitu GALLIFORMES 0.889 0.023 0.964 -11.812 302

Drymophila ochropyga PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.141 0.964 -11.835 303

Coracina graueri PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.347 0.640 -11.860 304

Triclaria malachitacea PSITTACIFORMES 0.556 0.136 0.964 -11.904 305

Indicator pumilio PICIFORMES 0.556 0.350 0.629 -11.924 306

Leucopternis polionotus FALCONIFORMES 0.556 0.135 0.961 -11.942 307

Amazona rhodocorytha PSITTACIFORMES 0.778 0.053 0.964 -11.946 308

Myrmotherula unicolor PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.129 0.964 -11.997 309

Rhegmatorhina gymnops PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.089 0.964 -11.998 310

Crax blumenbachii GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.049 0.964 -12.008 311

Hylexetastes uniformis PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.085 0.964 -12.056 312

Cotinga maculata PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.045 0.964 -12.066 313

Rhopornis ardesiacus PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.044 0.964 -12.073 314

Phibalura flavirostris PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.124 0.964 -12.076 315

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Carpornis melanocephala PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.083 0.964 -12.092 316

Mimus graysoni PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.182 0.623 -12.093 317

Chlorocichla prigoginei PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.235 0.659 -12.145 318

Lipaugus lanioides PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.119 0.964 -12.147 319

Glaucis dohrnii APODIFORMES 0.778 0.038 0.964 -12.156 320

Pyrrhura perlata PSITTACIFORMES 0.667 0.076 0.964 -12.185 321

Neopelma aurifrons PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.075 0.964 -12.206 322

Capito dayi PICIFORMES 0.667 0.074 0.964 -12.222 323

Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus PSITTACIFORMES 0.778 0.036 0.959 -12.224 324

Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.073 0.964 -12.228 325

Touit surdus PSITTACIFORMES 0.667 0.073 0.964 -12.235 326

Guaruba guarouba PSITTACIFORMES 0.778 0.032 0.964 -12.241 327

Phylloscartes ceciliae PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.032 0.964 -12.243 328

Pyrilia vulturina PSITTACIFORMES 0.667 0.072 0.964 -12.247 329

Terenura sicki PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.032 0.964 -12.247 330

Myrmeciza ruficauda PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.032 0.964 -12.251 331

Iodopleura pipra PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.111 0.964 -12.254 332

Eremomela turneri PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.237 0.640 -12.291 333

Curaeus forbesi PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.028 0.964 -12.295 334

Eriocnemis mirabilis APODIFORMES 1.000 0.182 0.596 -12.331 335

Phyllastrephus poliocephalus PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.294 0.669 -12.347 336

Synallaxis infuscata PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.025 0.964 -12.350 337

Hylexetastes brigidai PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.063 0.964 -12.372 338

Lepidothrix iris PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.063 0.964 -12.372 338

Pterodroma magentae PROCELLARIIFORMES 1.000 0.205 0.556 -12.374 340

Batis minima PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.342 0.590 -12.378 341

Thripophaga macroura PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.062 0.964 -12.382 342

Colluricincla sanghirensis PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.080 0.747 -12.394 343

Eutrichomyias rowleyi PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.080 0.747 -12.394 343

Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.221 0.964 -12.397 345

Dysithamnus xanthopterus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.221 0.964 -12.404 346

Pyrrhura pfrimeri PSITTACIFORMES 0.778 0.018 0.964 -12.439 347

Malaconotus gladiator PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.248 0.669 -12.442 348

Phylloscartes roquettei PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.018 0.964 -12.448 349

Dysithamnus plumbeus PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.053 0.964 -12.509 350

Pyriglena atra PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.013 0.964 -12.515 351

Campephaga oriolina PASSERIFORMES 0.444 0.368 0.594 -12.544 352

Ketupa blakistoni STRIGIFORMES 0.778 0.013 0.333 0.547 -12.545 353

Melaenornis annamarulae PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.280 0.606 -12.549 354

Jacamaralcyon tridactyla PICIFORMES 0.667 0.049 0.964 -12.572 355

Acrobatornis fonsecai PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.048 0.964 -12.580 356

Picumnus varzeae PICIFORMES 0.778 0.007 0.964 -12.597 357

Myrmotherula urosticta PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.046 0.964 -12.616 358

Odontorchilus cinereus PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.085 0.964 -12.620 359

Cranioleuca muelleri PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.005 0.964 -12.621 360

Clytoctantes atrogularis PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.044 0.964 -12.644 361

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.083 0.964 -12.649 362

Myrmeciza squamosa PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.203 0.964 -12.655 363

Pipile jacutinga GALLIFORMES 0.778 0.111 0.795 -12.664 364

Pyrrhura cruentata PSITTACIFORMES 0.667 0.042 0.964 -12.673 365

Cranioleuca pallida PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.201 0.964 -12.677 366

Arremon semitorquatus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.201 0.964 -12.682 367

Nectarinia loveridgei PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.201 0.652 -12.685 368

Piprites pileata PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.142 0.801 -12.734 369

Sporophila falcirostris PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.145 0.795 -12.748 370

Ilicura militaris PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.196 0.964 -12.757 371

Poospiza thoracica PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.195 0.964 -12.763 372

Orthogonys chloricterus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.194 0.964 -12.775 373

Penelope pileata GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.034 0.964 -12.777 374

Phaethornis squalidus APODIFORMES 0.222 0.193 0.964 -12.786 375

Clytolaema rubricauda APODIFORMES 0.222 0.193 0.964 -12.787 376

Sporophila frontalis PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.142 0.795 -12.793 377

Apalis fuscigularis PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.134 0.620 -12.794 378

Anabazenops fuscus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.192 0.964 -12.809 379

Pteroglossus bitorquatus PICIFORMES 0.556 0.072 0.964 -12.811 380

Knipolegus nigerrimus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.192 0.964 -12.812 381

Cryptospiza shelleyi PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.246 0.629 -12.826 382

Platyrinchus leucoryphus PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.139 0.795 -12.828 383

Hemithraupis ruficapilla PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.190 0.964 -12.829 384

Cercomacra brasiliana PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.070 0.964 -12.831 385

Sheppardia montana PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.191 0.652 -12.834 386

Thraupis ornata PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.190 0.964 -12.836 387

Pyrrhura lepida PSITTACIFORMES 0.667 0.030 0.964 -12.840 388

Drymophila ferruginea PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.189 0.964 -12.846 389

Carduelis yarrellii PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.029 0.964 -12.853 390

Todirostrum poliocephalum PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.188 0.964 -12.856 391

Tangara desmaresti PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.188 0.964 -12.859 392

Parmoptila rubrifrons PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.298 0.606 -12.859 393

Picathartes oreas PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.274 0.582 -12.859 394

Penelope ochrogaster GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.028 0.964 -12.868 395

Cyanolimnas cerverai GRUIFORMES 1.000 0.207 0.497 -12.874 396

Attila rufus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.187 0.964 -12.874 397

Scotopelia ussheri STRIGIFORMES 0.667 0.257 0.606 -12.876 398

Bubo shelleyi STRIGIFORMES 0.556 0.308 0.589 -12.878 399

Lepidothrix vilasboasi PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.026 0.964 -12.888 400

Crypturellus noctivagus TINAMIFORMES 0.556 0.066 0.964 -12.895 401

Campephaga lobata PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.255 0.606 -12.909 402

Hemitriccus nidipendulus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.185 0.964 -12.911 403

Penelope jacucaca GALLIFORMES 0.667 0.025 0.964 -12.911 404

Lepidocolaptes squamatus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.184 0.964 -12.919 405

Amazona kawalli PSITTACIFORMES 0.556 0.064 0.964 -12.929 406

Malaconotus monteiri PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.272 0.637 -12.938 407

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Cercomacra ferdinandi PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.022 0.964 -12.946 408

Myrmotherula gularis PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.182 0.964 -12.948 409

Chamaeza meruloides PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.182 0.964 -12.949 410

Tangara fastuosa PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.020 0.964 -12.974 411

Amazona vinacea PSITTACIFORMES 0.778 0.088 0.795 -12.992 412

Biatas nigropectus PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.124 0.801 -12.992 413

Pyrilia aurantiocephala PSITTACIFORMES 0.556 0.059 0.964 -12.993 414

Columba albinucha COLUMBIFORMES 0.556 0.268 0.637 -12.996 415

Hemitriccus mirandae PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.018 0.964 -13.003 416

Jubula lettii STRIGIFORMES 0.444 0.339 0.589 -13.003 417

Cichlocolaptes leucophrus PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.177 0.964 -13.013 418

Chondrohierax wilsonii FALCONIFORMES 1.000 0.123 0.612 -13.024 419

Pitta megarhyncha PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.639 -13.027 420

Neopelma chrysolophum PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.176 0.964 -13.038 421

Neomorphus squamiger CUCULIFORMES 0.667 0.014 0.964 -13.061 422

Muscicapa lendu PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.226 0.634 -13.063 423

Leucopsar rothschildi PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.033 0.747 -13.065 424

Scytalopus novacapitalis PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.054 0.964 -13.070 425

Malimbus ibadanensis PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.150 0.688 -13.072 426

Anas bernieri ANSERIFORMES 0.778 0.020 0.222 0.616 -13.074 427

Brotogeris tirica PSITTACIFORMES 0.222 0.173 0.964 -13.079 428

Herpsilochmus pectoralis PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.013 0.964 -13.084 429

Claravis geoffroyi COLUMBIFORMES 1.000 0.795 -13.102 430

Drymophila squamata PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.171 0.964 -13.102 431

Anodorhynchus glaucus PSITTACIFORMES 1.000 0.794 -13.108 432

Otus siaoensis STRIGIFORMES 1.000 0.029 0.747 -13.122 433

Aphantochroa cirrochloris APODIFORMES 0.222 0.169 0.964 -13.134 434

Anabacerthia amaurotis PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.157 0.795 -13.143 435

Myrmeciza loricata PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.168 0.964 -13.148 436

Corvus unicolor PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.027 0.747 -13.151 437

Monarcha boanensis PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.027 0.747 -13.151 437

Elaenia ridleyana PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.006 0.964 -13.175 439

Tangara cyanoventris PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.165 0.964 -13.183 440

Campephilus principalis PICIFORMES 1.000 0.123 0.594 -13.191 441

Malimbus ballmanni PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.199 0.599 -13.195 442

Dysithamnus stictothorax PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.148 0.801 -13.209 443

Indicator xanthonotus PICIFORMES 0.556 0.289 0.582 -13.211 444

Psittacus erithacus PSITTACIFORMES 0.667 0.229 0.613 -13.212 445

Kupeornis rufocinctus PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.258 0.629 -13.216 446

Bycanistes cylindricus CORACIIFORMES 0.667 0.231 0.609 -13.218 447

Geotrygon carrikeri COLUMBIFORMES 0.778 0.182 0.623 -13.222 448

Procnias nudicollis PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.111 0.795 -13.224 449

Bostrychia bocagei CICONIIFORMES 1.000 0.111 0.608 -13.232 450

Lanius newtoni PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.111 0.608 -13.232 450

Neospiza concolor PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.111 0.608 -13.232 450

Pelargopsis amauroptera CORACIIFORMES 0.556 0.333 0.615 -13.239 453

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Conopophaga melanops PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.160 0.964 -13.259 454

Lophornis gouldii APODIFORMES 0.667 0.964 -13.261 455

Synallaxis whitneyi PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.964 -13.261 455

Formicivora iheringi PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.039 0.964 -13.276 457

Fregata andrewsi PELECANIFORMES 1.000 0.103 0.612 -13.301 458

Hylopezus ochroleucus PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.037 0.964 -13.307 459

Alipiopsitta xanthops PSITTACIFORMES 0.556 0.037 0.964 -13.310 460

Cacatua sulphurea PSITTACIFORMES 1.000 0.013 0.750 -13.328 461

Carpococcyx viridis CUCULIFORMES 1.000 0.014 0.747 -13.333 462

Cacatua haematuropygia PSITTACIFORMES 1.000 0.015 0.111 0.608 -13.334 463

Picathartes gymnocephalus PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.224 0.606 -13.341 464

Sturnus melanopterus PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.010 0.751 -13.353 465

Poliolais lopezi PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.240 0.642 -13.355 466

Batis ituriensis PASSERIFORMES 0.222 0.361 0.640 -13.358 467

Muscicapa tessmanni PASSERIFORMES 0.444 0.288 0.629 -13.361 468

Ceratogymna elata CORACIIFORMES 0.667 0.211 0.622 -13.372 469

Malaconotus lagdeni PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.254 0.618 -13.374 470

Nectarinia ursulae PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.253 0.619 -13.375 471

Aratinga auricapillus PSITTACIFORMES 0.556 0.031 0.964 -13.382 472

Pyrrhura devillei PSITTACIFORMES 0.556 0.034 0.959 -13.391 473

Otus pauliani STRIGIFORMES 1.000 0.093 0.618 -13.399 474

Laniarius brauni PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.167 0.626 -13.407 475

Pterodroma axillaris PROCELLARIIFORMES 0.778 0.211 0.556 -13.417 476

Myrmotherula klagesi PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.027 0.964 -13.441 477

Hapalopsittaca fuertesi PSITTACIFORMES 1.000 0.103 0.596 -13.447 478

Acrocephalus sorghophilus PASSERIFORMES 0.667 0.021 0.333 0.497 -13.453 479

Charmosyna toxopei PSITTACIFORMES 1.000 0.004 0.747 -13.472 480

Thalurania watertonii APODIFORMES 0.556 0.025 0.964 -13.472 481

Hemignathus lucidus PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.114 0.575 -13.486 482

Melamprosops phaeosoma PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.114 0.575 -13.486 482

Palmeria dolei PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.114 0.575 -13.486 482

Pseudonestor xanthophrys PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.114 0.575 -13.486 482

Andropadus montanus PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.213 0.669 -13.496 486

Picumnus fulvescens PICIFORMES 0.556 0.023 0.964 -13.502 487

Cyanoramphus forbesi PSITTACIFORMES 0.778 0.205 0.556 -13.503 488

Petroica traversi PASSERIFORMES 0.778 0.205 0.556 -13.503 488

Bathmocercus cerviniventris PASSERIFORMES 0.556 0.252 0.606 -13.510 490

Cissa thalassina PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.747 -13.529 491

Cyornis ruckii PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.747 -13.529 491

Nisaetus floris FALCONIFORMES 1.000 0.747 -13.529 491

Siphonorhis americana CAPRIMULGIFORMES 1.000 0.084 0.616 -13.534 494

Pterodroma caribbaea PROCELLARIIFORMES 1.000 0.086 0.613 -13.540 495

Megascops atricapilla STRIGIFORMES 0.222 0.142 0.959 -13.546 496

Henicorhina negreti PASSERIFORMES 1.000 0.096 0.596 -13.558 497

Charadrius thoracicus CHARADRIIFORMES 0.667 0.026 0.222 0.616 -13.560 498

Augastes scutatus APODIFORMES 0.556 0.019 0.964 -13.562 499

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Phaethornis idaliae APODIFORMES 0.222 0.138 0.964 -13.567 500

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Table A9-3 .The proportion of birds in each country in the bird case study.

Overall list Top 500 Country No. spp. % spp. No. spp. % spp.

Afghanistan 506 0.473 5 0.381

Albania 320 0.299 2 0.153

Algeria 381 0.356 2 0.153

American Samoa 66 0.062 1 0.076

Andorra 131 0.122 0 0

Angola 940 0.878 12 0.915

Anguilla 153 0.143 2 0.153

Antarctica 78 0.073 0 0

Antigua and Barbuda 262 0.245 2 0.153

Argentina 1029 0.961 27 2.059

Armenia 307 0.287 3 0.229

Aruba 210 0.196 0 0

Australia 810 0.757 6 0.458

Austria 411 0.384 4 0.305

Azerbaijan 360 0.336 5 0.381

Bahamas 323 0.302 5 0.381

Bahrain 319 0.298 1 0.076

Bangladesh 647 0.604 16 1.220

Barbados 283 0.264 1 0.076

Belarus 312 0.291 2 0.153

Belgium 428 0.400 3 0.229

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Belize 586 0.547 3 0.229

Benin 540 0.504 1 0.076

Bermuda 275 0.257 1 0.076

Bhutan 653 0.610 7 0.534

Bosnia and Herzegovina 315 0.294 3 0.229

Botswana 575 0.537 0 0

Bouvet Island 33 0.031 0 0

Brazil 1766 1.649 155 11.823

British Indian Ocean Territory 59 0.055 0 0

Brunei 464 0.433 10 0.763

Bulgaria 405 0.378 4 0.305

Burkina Faso 477 0.445 0 0

Burundi 628 0.587 6 0.458

Cambodia 537 0.502 13 0.992

Cameroon 936 0.874 22 1.678

Canada 616 0.575 4 0.305

Cape Verde 149 0.139 2 0.153

Cayman Islands 271 0.253 2 0.153

Central African Republic 725 0.677 6 0.458

Chad 548 0.512 1 0.076

Chile 493 0.460 3 0.229

China 1269 1.185 29 2.212

Christmas Island 98 0.092 2 0.153

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 50 0.047 1 0.076

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Colombia 1835 1.714 30 2.288

Comoros 141 0.132 6 0.458

Congo 649 0.606 6 0.458

Congo, The Democratic Republic of the 1129 1.054 29 2.212

Cook Islands 65 0.061 0 0

Costa Rica 886 0.827 6 0.458

Croatia 369 0.345 3 0.229

Cuba 368 0.344 12 0.915

Cyprus 359 0.335 3 0.229

Czech Republic 383 0.358 2 0.153

Denmark 462 0.431 2 0.153

Djibouti 339 0.317 1 0.076

Dominica 250 0.233 1 0.076

Dominican Republic 298 0.278 7 0.534

East Timor 260 0.243 5 0.381

Ecuador 1647 1.538 15 1.144

Egypt 475 0.444 3 0.229

El Salvador 514 0.480 3 0.229

Equatorial Guinea 460 0.430 7 0.534

Eritrea 561 0.524 2 0.153

Estonia 289 0.270 0 0

Ethiopia 835 0.780 3 0.229

Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 195 0.182 0 0

Faroe Islands 256 0.239 0 0

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Fiji 157 0.147 3 0.229

Finland 423 0.395 2 0.153

France 518 0.484 5 0.381

French Guiana 719 0.672 0 0

French Polynesia 135 0.126 0 0

Gabon 657 0.614 7 0.534

Gambia 544 0.508 0 0

Georgia 290 0.271 3 0.229

Germany 484 0.452 5 0.381

Ghana 739 0.690 11 0.839

Gibraltar 281 0.262 0 0

Greece 435 0.406 4 0.305

Greenland 212 0.198 1 0.076

Grenada 154 0.144 1 0.076

Guadeloupe 272 0.254 2 0.153

Guam 138 0.129 1 0.076

Guatemala 743 0.694 8 0.610

Guinea 660 0.616 10 0.763

Guinea-Bissau 492 0.460 1 0.076

Guyana 800 0.747 3 0.229

Haiti 286 0.267 8 0.610

Heard Island and McDonald Islands 51 0.048 0 0

Holy See (Vatican City State) 1 0.001 0 0

Honduras 733 0.685 3 0.229

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Hong Kong 329 0.307 5 0.381

Hungary 368 0.344 3 0.229

Iceland 304 0.284 0 0

India 1225 1.144 30 2.288

Indonesia 1600 1.494 66 5.034

Iran, Islamic Republic of 519 0.485 6 0.458

Iraq 412 0.385 4 0.305

Ireland 407 0.380 2 0.153

Israel 526 0.491 4 0.305

Italy 484 0.452 5 0.381

Ivory coast 720 0.672 13 0.992

Jamaica 317 0.296 5 0.381

Japan 586 0.547 11 0.839

Jordan 423 0.395 3 0.229

Kazakhstan 498 0.465 5 0.381

Kenya 1098 1.025 11 0.839

Kiribati 79 0.074 0 0

Korea, Democratic People's Republic of 367 0.343 4 0.305

Korea, Republic of 425 0.397 6 0.458

Kuwait 358 0.334 2 0.153

Kyrgyzstan 353 0.330 2 0.153

Lao People's Democratic Republic 716 0.669 11 0.839

Latvia 325 0.304 1 0.076

Lebanon 376 0.351 2 0.153

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Lesotho 317 0.296 0 0

Liberia 593 0.554 13 0.992

Liechtenstein 243 0.227 1 0.076

Lithuania 260 0.243 0 0

Luxembourg 284 0.265 1 0.076

Macao 44 0.041 0 0

Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of 340 0.318 3 0.229

Madagascar 273 0.255 6 0.458

Malawi 652 0.609 3 0.229

Malaysia 751 0.701 26 1.983

Maldives 167 0.156 1 0.076

Mali 617 0.576 2 0.153

Malta 361 0.337 2 0.153

Marshall Islands 99 0.092 0 0

Martinique 267 0.249 2 0.153

Mauritania 530 0.495 1 0.076

Mauritius 130 0.121 3 0.229

Mayotte 87 0.081 1 0.076

Mexico 1103 1.030 20 1.526

Moldova 238 0.222 1 0.076

Monaco 35 0.033 0 0

Mongolia 395 0.369 5 0.381

Montenegro 383 0.358 4 0.305

Montserrat 230 0.215 1 0.076

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Morocco 435 0.406 3 0.229

Mozambique 708 0.661 4 0.305

Myanmar 1062 0.992 25 1.907

Namibia 638 0.596 0 0

Nauru 55 0.051 1 0.076

Nepal 858 0.801 9 0.686

Netherlands 443 0.414 3 0.229

New Caledonia 171 0.160 1 0.076

New Zealand 344 0.321 7 0.534

Nicaragua 714 0.667 4 0.305

Niger 502 0.469 0 0

Nigeria 908 0.848 11 0.839

Niue 52 0.049 1 0.076

Norfolk Island 82 0.077 1 0.076

Northern Mariana Islands 159 0.149 0 0

Norway 441 0.412 1 0.076

Oman 482 0.450 1 0.076

Pakistan 651 0.608 8 0.610

Palau 167 0.156 0 0

Palestinian Territory, Occupied 279 0.261 2 0.153

Panama 973 0.909 5 0.381

Papua New Guinea 741 0.692 4 0.305

Paraguay 705 0.658 24 1.831

Peru 1814 1.694 21 1.602

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Philippines 601 0.561 21 1.602

Pitcairn 45 0.042 0 0

Poland 424 0.396 3 0.229

Portugal 496 0.463 4 0.305

Puerto Rico 361 0.337 5 0.381

Qatar 291 0.272 1 0.076

Reunion 90 0.084 1 0.076

Romania 367 0.343 4 0.305

Russian Federation 693 0.647 13 0.992

Rwanda 678 0.633 7 0.534

Saint Kitts and Nevis 241 0.225 2 0.153

Saint Lucia 250 0.233 0 0

Saint Martin (French part) 120 0.112 1 0.076

Saint Pierre and Miquelon 309 0.289 0 0

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 240 0.224 0 0

Samoa 80 0.075 1 0.076

San Marino 22 0.021 0 0

Sao Tome and Principe 139 0.130 5 0.381

Saudi Arabia 468 0.437 3 0.229

Senegal 618 0.577 2 0.153

Serbia 381 0.356 4 0.305

Seychelles 235 0.219 3 0.229

Sierra Leone 641 0.599 12 0.915

Singapore 439 0.410 11 0.839

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Slovakia 348 0.325 2 0.153

Slovenia 353 0.330 2 0.153

Solomon Islands 260 0.243 2 0.153

Somalia 661 0.617 3 0.229

South Africa 824 0.770 1 0.076

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 123 0.115 0 0

Spain 547 0.511 5 0.381

Sri Lanka 479 0.447 3 0.229

Sudan 966 0.902 4 0.305

Suriname 708 0.661 0 0

Svalbard and Jan Mayen 146 0.136 1 0.076

Swaziland 505 0.472 0 0

Sweden 451 0.421 2 0.153

Switzerland 384 0.359 3 0.229

Syrian Arab Republic 393 0.367 3 0.229

Taiwan, Province of China 438 0.409 5 0.381

Tajikistan 359 0.335 2 0.153

Tanzania, United Republic of 1074 1.003 14 1.068

Thailand 970 0.906 24 1.831

Togo 604 0.564 3 0.229

Tokelau 42 0.039 1 0.076

Tonga 82 0.077 1 0.076

Trinidad and Tobago 460 0.430 1 0.076

Tunisia 371 0.346 1 0.076

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Turkey 451 0.421 6 0.458

Turkmenistan 382 0.357 4 0.305

Turks and Caicos Islands 283 0.264 5 0.381

Tuvalu 49 0.046 1 0.076

Uganda 1020 0.953 13 0.992

Ukraine 353 0.330 2 0.153

United Arab Emirates 439 0.410 1 0.076

United Kingdom 559 0.522 3 0.229

United States 1022 0.955 21 1.602

United States Minor Outlying Islands 125 0.117 0 0

Uruguay 450 0.420 3 0.229

Uzbekistan 365 0.341 5 0.381

Vanuatu 126 0.118 1 0.076

Viet Nam 853 0.797 17 1.297

Virgin Islands, British 187 0.175 2 0.153

Virgin Islands, U.S. 244 0.228 2 0.153

Wallis and Futuna 59 0.055 1 0.076

Western Sahara 195 0.182 1 0.076

Yemen 417 0.389 4 0.305

Zambia 764 0.714 1 0.076

Zimbabwe 660 0.616 1 0.076

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Table A9-4. Sensitivity analysis - list of species occurring more than 30 times in the top 500 when weightings are varied between 0 and 1.

Frequency of occurrence in Top 500 (maximum Taxonomic Species name =51) group English name Afropavo congensis 51 birds Congo Peacock Agelastes meleagrides 51 birds White-breasted Guineafowl Calyptura cristata 51 birds Kinglet Calyptura Francolinus camerunensis 51 birds Cameroon Francolin Francolinus nahani 51 birds Nahan's Francolin Nemosia rourei 51 birds Cherry-throated Tanager Tijuca condita 51 birds Gray-winged Cotinga Touit melanonotus 51 birds Black-eared Parrotlet Craugastor polymniae 50 amphibians Ecnomiohyla echinata 50 amphibians Habromys chinanteco 50 mammals Chinanteco Deer Mouse Habromys ixtlani 50 mammals Ixtlán Deer Mouse Habromys lepturus 50 mammals Slender-tailed Deer Mouse Megastomatohyla mixe 50 amphibians Onychorhynchus swainsoni 50 birds Atlantic Royal Flycatcher Plectrohyla calvicollina 50 amphibians Plectrohyla celata 50 amphibians Plectrohyla cyanomma 50 amphibians Plectrohyla sabrina 50 amphibians Pseudoeurycea saltator 50 amphibians Pseudoeurycea smithi 50 amphibians Pseudoeurycea unguidentis 50 amphibians Thorius aureus 50 amphibians Thorius smithi 50 amphibians Amazona brasiliensis 49 birds Red-tailed Amazon Antilophia bokermanni 49 birds Araripe Manakin Caprimulgus prigoginei 49 birds Itombwe Nightjar Chiropterotriton chiropterus 49 amphibians Chiropterotriton lavae 49 amphibians Ctenosaura oaxacana 49 reptiles Oaxaca Spiny-tailed Iguana Cycloramphus faustoi 49 amphibians Eleoscytalopus psychopompus 49 birds Bahia Tapaculo Eleutherodactylus amadeus 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus apostates 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus bakeri 49 amphibians La Hotte Bush Frog Eleutherodactylus brevirostris 49 amphibians Short-nosed Green Frog Eleutherodactylus chlorophenax 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus corona 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus dolomedes 49 amphibians

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Eleutherodactylus eunaster 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus glandulifer 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus lamprotes 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus parapelates 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus sciagraphus 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus thorectes 49 amphibians Eleutherodactylus ventrilineatus 49 amphibians Francolinus swierstrai 49 birds Swierstra's Francolin Glaucidium mooreorum 49 birds Pernambuco Pygmy-owl Hemitriccus furcatus 49 birds Fork-tailed Pygmy-tyrant Leptodon forbesi 49 birds White-collared Kite Merulaxis ater 49 birds Slaty Bristlefront Merulaxis stresemanni 49 birds Stresemann's Bristlefront Myrmotherula minor 49 birds Salvadori's Antwren Myrmotherula snowi 49 birds Alagoas Antwren Neotoma nelsoni 49 mammals Nelson's Woodrat Orthogeomys lanius 49 mammals Big Pocket Gopher Parvimolge townsendi 49 amphibians Philydor novaesi 49 birds Alagoas Foliage-gleaner Phyllomyias griseocapilla 49 birds Gray-capped Tyrannulet Plectrohyla siopela 49 amphibians Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl 49 amphibians Pseudoeurycea nigromaculata 49 amphibians Pyrrhura griseipectus 49 birds Gray-breasted Parakeet Pyrrhura leucotis 49 birds Maroon-faced Parakeet Ramphodon naevius 49 birds Saw-billed Hermit Thorius minydemus 49 amphibians Thorius munificus 49 amphibians Thorius pennatulus 49 amphibians Thorius spilogaster 49 amphibians Thraupis cyanoptera 49 birds Azure-shouldered Tanager Tijuca atra 49 birds Black-and-gold Cotinga Tragopan satyra 49 birds Crimson Horned-pheasant Atelopus arsyecue 48 amphibians Atelopus carrikeri 48 amphibians Atelopus laetissimus 48 amphibians Atelopus nahumae 48 amphibians Bokermannohyla izecksohni 48 amphibians Carpornis cucullata 48 birds Hooded Berryeater Conothraupis mesoleuca 48 birds Cone-billed Tanager Ctenosaura bakeri 48 reptiles Baker's Spinytail Iguana Cyanopsitta spixii 48 birds Little Blue Macaw Dacnis nigripes 48 birds Black-legged Dacnis Drymophila genei 48 birds Rufous-tailed Antbird

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Duellmanohyla ignicolor 48 amphibians Eleoscytalopus indigoticus 48 birds White-breasted Tapaculo Francolinus ochropectus 48 birds Djibouti Francolin Hemitriccus kaempferi 48 birds Kaempfer's Tody-tyrant Hipposideros lamottei 48 mammals Lamotte's Roundleaf Bat Hypsiboas cymbalum 48 amphibians Megadontomys cryophilus 48 mammals Oaxaca Giant Deer Mouse Microtus oaxacensis 48 mammals Tarabundi Vole Odontophorus capueira 48 birds Spot-winged Wood-quail Odontophrynus moratoi 48 amphibians Orchesticus abeillei 48 birds Brown Tanager Phodilus prigoginei 48 birds African Bay Owl Phyllastrephus leucolepis 48 birds Liberian Greenbul Phyllomys mantiqueirensis 48 mammals Phyllomys unicolor 48 mammals Unicolored Tree Rat Phylloscartes beckeri 48 birds Bahia Tyrannulet Phylloscartes difficilis 48 birds Serra do Mar Tyrannulet Phylloscartes kronei 48 birds Restinga Tyrannulet Phylloscartes oustaleti 48 birds Oustalet's Tyrannulet Ploceus aureonucha 48 birds Golden-naped Weaver Ploceus batesi 48 birds Bates's Weaver Pseudoeurycea orchileucos 48 amphibians Schoutedenapus schoutedeni 48 birds Congo Swift Scinax Alcatraz 48 amphibians Scinax faivovichi 48 amphibians Scinax peixotoi 48 amphibians Tangara peruviana 48 birds Black-backed Tanager Thorius arboreus 48 amphibians Thorius boreas 48 amphibians Thorius pulmonaris 48 amphibians Acipenser gueldenstaedtii 47 fish Russian Sturgeon Acipenser sturio 47 fish Atlantic Sturgeon Agelastes niger 47 birds Black Guineafowl Anguilla anguilla 47 fish European Eel Babyrousa togeanensis 47 mammals Togian Islands Babirusa Bubalus depressicornis 47 mammals Anoa Bubalus quarlesi 47 mammals Mountain Anoa Drymophila ochropyga 47 birds Ochre-rumped Antbird Eleutherodactylus counouspeus 47 amphibians Guttera plumifera 47 birds Plumed Guineafowl Hemitriccus orbitatus 47 birds Eye-ringed Tody-tyrant Kupeornis gilberti 47 birds White-throated Mountain-babbler Leucopternis lacernulatus 47 birds White-necked Hawk Leucopternis polionotus 47 birds Mantled Hawk Megastomatohyla nubicola 47 amphibians

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Mitu mitu 47 birds Alagoas Curassow Myrmotherula unicolor 47 birds Unicolored Antwren Nimbaphrynoides liberiensis 47 amphibians Ploceus flavipes 47 birds Yellow-legged Malimbe Prionops alberti 47 birds Yellow-crested Helmetshrike Pseudocalyptomena graueri 47 birds African Green Broadbill Pseudoeurycea lineola 47 amphibians Pseudoeurycea melanomolga 47 amphibians Psophia viridis 47 birds Dark-winged Trumpeter Rhegmatorhina gymnops 47 birds Bare-eyed Antbird Speirops melanocephalus 47 birds Cameroon Speirops Sus verrucosus 47 mammals Javan Pig Telophorus kupeensis 47 birds Kupé Bushshrike Thorius lunaris 47 amphibians Triclaria malachitacea 47 birds Blue-bellied Parrot Acipenser mikadoi 46 fish Sakhalin Sturgeon Amazona rhodocorytha 46 birds Red-browed Amazon Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus 46 birds Hyacinth Macaw Arborophila orientalis 46 birds Grey-breasted Partridge Babyrousa babyrussa 46 mammals Babiroussa Babyrousa celebensis 46 mammals Sulawesi Babirusa Bothropoides alcatraz 46 reptiles Alcatrazes Lancehead Bothropoides insularis 46 reptiles Golden Lancehead Brachyteles hypoxanthus 46 mammals Northern Muriqui Callosciurus melanogaster 46 mammals Mentawai Squirrel Capito dayi 46 birds Black-girdled Barbet Carpornis melanocephala 46 birds Black-headed Berryeater Cebus flavius 46 mammals Blonde Capuchin Cebus kaapori 46 mammals Kaapor Capuchin Cebus xanthosternos 46 mammals Buff-headed Capuchin Cephalophus adersi 46 mammals Aders' Duiker Chiropotes satanas 46 mammals Bearded Saki Cotinga maculata 46 birds Banded Cotinga Crax blumenbachii 46 birds Mutum Dendrocolaptes hoffmannsi 46 birds Hoffmanns's Woodcreeper Devillea flagelliformis 46 plants Elga newtonsantosi 46 other Epinephelus coioides 46 fish Estuary Cod Erythrodiplax nivea 46 other Glaucidium albertinum 46 birds Albertine Owlet Glaucis dohrnii 46 birds Hook-billed Hermit Guaruba guarouba 46 birds Golden Conure Hucho perryi 46 fish Ito Hylexetastes uniformis 46 birds Uniform Woodcreeper Iodopleura pipra 46 birds Buff-throated Purpletuft

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Leontopithecus caissara 46 mammals Black-faced Lion Tamarin Lipaugus lanioides 46 birds Cinnamon-vented Piha Lophura hoogerwerfi 46 birds Aceh Pheasant Lophura inornata 46 birds Salvadori's Pheasant Malaconotus alius 46 birds Uluguru Bushshrike Mecistogaster pronoti 46 other Atlantic Helicopter Minagrion ribeiroi 46 other Myiotheretes pernix 46 birds Santa Marta Bush-tyrant Myrmotherula fluminensis 46 birds Rio de Janeiro Antwren Neopelma aurifrons 46 birds Wied's Neopelma Odontophorus melanonotus 46 birds Dark-backed Wood-quail Phibalura flavirostris 46 birds Swallow-tailed Cotinga Phyllomys thomasi 46 mammals Giant Atlantic Tree Rat Phylloscartes ceciliae 46 birds Alagoas Tyrannulet Pilosocereus azulensis 46 plants Polyplectron schleiermacheri 46 birds Bornean Peacock-pheasant Pyrilia vulturina 46 birds Vulturine Parrot Pyrrhura perlata 46 birds Crimson-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura viridicata 46 birds Santa Marta Conure Rhopornis ardesiacus 46 birds Slender Antbird Stenodus leucichthys 46 fish Beloribitsa Touit surdus 46 birds Golden-tailed Parrotlet Adelophryne maranguapensis 45 amphibians Apus sladeniae 45 birds Fernando Po Swift Campylopterus phainopeplus 45 birds Santa Marta Sabrewing Chlorocichla prigoginei 45 birds Prigogine's Greenbul Coracina graueri 45 birds Grauer's Cuckooshrike Coregonus lavaretus 45 fish Lavaret Ctenosaura oedirhina 45 reptiles De Queiroz's Spiny-tailed Iguana Curaeus forbesi 45 birds Forbes's Blackbird Cyrtonyx ocellatus 45 birds Ocellated Quail Dasyprocta mexicana 45 mammals Mexican Agouti Dasyprocta ruatanica 45 mammals Roatan Island Agouti Dinomys branickii 45 mammals Pacarana Dysithamnus plumbeus 45 birds Plumbeous Antshrike Heliopais personatus 45 birds Asian Finfoot Hylexetastes brigidai 45 birds Mato Grosso Woodcreeper Indicator pumilio 45 birds Dwarf Honeyguide Kupeornis chapini 45 birds Chapin's Babbler Lepidothrix iris 45 birds Opal-crowned Manakin Myrmeciza ruficauda 45 birds Scalloped Antbird Odontorchilus cinereus 45 birds Tooth-billed Wren Physalaemus soaresi 45 amphibians Praomys obscurus 45 mammals Synallaxis infuscata 45 birds Pernambuco Spinetail

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Terenura sicki 45 birds Alagoas Antwren Terpsiphone bedfordi 45 birds Bedford's Paradise-flycatcher Thripophaga macroura 45 birds Striated Softtail Acrobatornis fonsecai 44 birds Pink-legged Graveteiro Arthroleptis crusculum 44 amphibians Guinea Screeching Frog Bos sauveli 44 mammals Grey Ox Bubalus mindorensis 44 mammals Mindoro Dwarf Buffalo Cairina scutulata 44 birds White-winged Duck Caspiomyzon wagneri 44 fish Cephalophus spadix 44 mammals Abbott's Duiker Cercomacra brasiliana 44 birds Rio de Janeiro Antbird Charadrahyla trux 44 amphibians Clytoctantes atrogularis 44 birds Rondonia Bushbird Coffea bakossii 44 plants Colostethus ruthveni 44 amphibians Coregonus maraena 44 fish Maraene Craugastor guerreroensis 44 amphibians Cryptobatrachus boulengeri 44 amphibians Eleutherodactylus dixoni 44 Amphibians Eremomela turneri 44 birds Turner's Eremomela Jacamaralcyon tridactyla 44 birds Three-toed Jacamar Lithobates omiltemanus 44 amphibians Guerreran Leopard Frog Lophura bulweri 44 birds Bulwer's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi 44 birds Edwards's Pheasant Lophura erythrophthalma 44 birds Crestless Fireback Malaconotus gladiator 44 birds Cameroon Mountain Bushshrike Melanoperdix niger 44 birds Black Partridge Melomys fraterculus 44 mammals Manusela Melomys Myrmotherula urosticta 44 birds Band-tailed Antwren Odontophorus atrifrons 44 birds Black-fronted Wood-quail Odontophorus dialeucos 44 birds Tacarcuna Wood-quail Penelope pileata 44 birds White-crested Guan Phyllastrephus poliocephalus 44 birds Grey-headed Greenbul Phylloscartes roquettei 44 birds Minas Gerais Tyrannulet Plectrohyla chryses 44 amphibians Polypedates fastigo 44 amphibians Praomys hartwigi 44 mammals Hartwig's Praomys Pristimantis insignitus 44 amphibians Pristimantis ruthveni 44 amphibians Pseudoeurycea ahuitzotl 44 amphibians Pseudoeurycea tlahcuiloh 44 amphibians Pseudophilautus lunatus 44 amphibians Pseudophilautus papillosus 44 amphibians Pseudophilautus procax 44 amphibians Pseudophilautus simba 44 amphibians Pteroglossus bitorquatus 44 birds Red-necked Aracari

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Pyrrhura cruentata 44 birds Blue-throated Parakeet Pyrrhura pfrimeri 44 birds Pfrimer's Parakeet Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi 44 birds White-breasted Antbird Sus cebifrons 44 mammals Visayan Warty Pig Thomasomys monochromos 44 mammals Unicolored Oldfield Mouse Thorius infernalis 44 amphibians Amazona kawalli 43 birds Kawall's Amazon Batis minima 43 birds Gabon Batis Campephaga oriolina 43 birds Eastern Wattled Cuckooshrike Capricornis sumatraensis 43 mammals Serow Carduelis yarrellii 43 birds Yellow-faced Siskin Casuarius casuarius 43 birds Southern Cassowary Catreus wallichi 43 birds Cheer Pheasant Cercomacra ferdinandi 43 birds Bananal Antbird Colluricincla sanghirensis 43 birds Sangihe Shrikethrush Crypturellus noctivagus 43 birds Yellow-legged Tinamou Dendrocygna arborea 43 birds Black-billed Wood-duck Eutrichomyias rowleyi 43 birds Caerulean Paradise-flycatcher Lepidothrix vilasboasi 43 birds Golden-crowned Manakin Lophura hatinhensis 43 birds Vietnamese Pheasant Melaenornis annamarulae 43 birds Liberian Black-flycatcher Meleagris ocellata 43 birds Ocellated Turkey Mugil cephalus 43 fish Black Mullet Penelope jacucaca 43 birds White-browed Guan Penelope ochrogaster 43 birds Chestnut-bellied Guan Platycephalus indicus 43 fish Bar-tailed Flathead Pleuronectes platessa 43 fish European Plaice Pyriglena atra 43 birds Fringe-backed Fire-eye Pyrilia aurantiocephala 43 birds Bald Parrot Pyrrhura lepida 43 birds Pearly Parakeet Salmo salar 43 fish Atlantic Salmon Scytalopus novacapitalis 43 birds Brasilia Tapaculo Tilapia guineensis 43 fish Guinean tilapia Maranhão Red-handed Howler Alouatta ululata 42 mammals Monkey Anguilla marmorata 42 fish Giant long-finned eel Ateles marginatus 42 mammals White-cheeked Spider Monkey Brachyteles arachnoides 42 mammals Muriqui Bubo shelleyi 42 birds Shelley's Eagle-owl Callicebus coimbrai 42 mammals Coimbra-filhos Titi Monkey Callistomys pictus 42 mammals Painted Tree-rat Callithrix flaviceps 42 mammals Buffy-headed Marmoset Catlocarpio siamensis 42 fish Giant Barb Cavia fulgida 42 mammals Shiny Guinea Pig Cavia magna 42 mammals Greater Guinea Pig Chiasmocleis carvalhoi 42 amphibians Clarias macrocephalus 42 fish Broadhead Catfish

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Columba albinucha 42 birds White-naped Pigeon Coregonus albula 42 fish Vendace Cranioleuca muelleri 42 birds Scaled Spinetail Craugastor megalotympanum 42 amphibians Cryptotis nelsoni 42 mammals Nelson's Small Eared Shrew Dendrophryniscus carvalhoi 42 amphibians Dysithamnus xanthopterus 42 birds Rufous-backed Antvireo Ecnomiohyla valancifer 42 amphibians Ethmalosa fimbriata 42 fish Bonga Formicivora iheringi 42 birds Narrow-billed Antwren Francolinus lathami 42 birds Forest Francolin Francolinus nobilis 42 birds Handsome Francolin Hemitriccus mirandae 42 birds Buff-breasted Tody-tyrant Jubula lettii 42 birds Maned Owl Lethenteron camtschaticum 42 fish Liza ramada 42 fish Grey Mullet Malaconotus monteiri 42 birds Monteiro's Bushshrike Mimus graysoni 42 birds Socorro Mockingbird Odontophorus hyperythrus 42 birds Chestnut Wood-quail Oncorhynchus nerka 42 fish Red Salmon Parmoptila rubrifrons 42 birds Red-fronted Antpecker Pastinachus sephen 42 fish Cowtail Stingray Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus 42 birds Orange-eyed Thornbird Picumnus varzeae 42 birds Varzea Piculet Scinax belloni 42 amphibians Sus celebensis 42 mammals Celebes Pig Tangara fastuosa 42 birds Seven-colored Tanager Thorius narismagnus 42 amphibians Thoropa lutzi 42 amphibians Batis ituriensis 41 birds Ituri Batis Bos javanicus 41 mammals Banteng Cebus robustus 41 mammals Crested Capuchin Chiropotes albinasus 41 mammals Red-nosed Bearded Saki Chiropotes utahickae 41 mammals Uta Hick's Bearded Saki Corallus cropanii 41 reptiles Cropan's Boa Cryptospiza shelleyi 41 birds Shelley's Crimsonwing Ctenosaura flavidorsalis 41 reptiles Yellow-backed Spiny-tailed Iguana Drepanolejeunea aculeata 41 plants Euryoryzomys lamia 41 mammals Monster Rice Rat Hylopezus ochroleucus 41 birds White-browed Antpitta Leontopithecus chrysomelas 41 mammals Golden-headed Lion Tamarin Leontopithecus chrysopygus 41 mammals Black Lion Tamarin Leontopithecus rosalia 41 mammals Golden Lion Tamarin Liolaemus arambarensis 41 reptiles Odontophorus strophium 41 birds Gorgeted Wood-quail

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Pavo muticus 41 birds Green-necked Peafowl Phyllomys lundi 41 mammals Picathartes oreas 41 birds Grey-necked Picathartes Pipile jacutinga 41 birds Black Fronted Curassow Piprites pileata 41 birds Black-capped Piprites Pitta megarhyncha 41 birds Mangrove Pitta Polyplectron inopinatum 41 birds Mountain Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron malacense 41 birds Crested Peacock-pheasant Saguinus bicolor 41 mammals Brazilian Bare-faced Tamarin Schlumbergera kautskyi 41 plants Christmas Cactus Scotopelia ussheri 41 birds Rufous Fishing-owl Sus barbatus 41 mammals Bearded Pig Trinomys eliasi 41 mammals Trinomys moojeni 41 mammals Alipiopsitta xanthops 40 birds Yellow-faced Amazon Anabazenops fuscus 40 birds White-collared Foliage-gleaner Arremon semitorquatus 40 birds Half-collared Sparrow Bubalus arnee 40 mammals Asian Buffalo Campephaga lobata 40 birds Ghana Cuckoo-shrike Capra falconeri 40 mammals Markhor Casuarius unappendiculatus 40 birds Northern Cassowary Clytolaema rubricauda 40 birds Brazilian Ruby Coffea myrtifolia 40 plants Cranioleuca pallida 40 birds Pallid Spinetail Ctenosaura melanosterna 40 reptiles Aguán Valley Iguana Ctenosaura palearis 40 reptiles Guatemalan Black Iguana Hemithraupis ruficapilla 40 birds Rufous-headed Tanager Herpsilochmus pectoralis 40 birds Pectoral Antwren Ilicura militaris 40 birds Pin-tailed Manakin Knipolegus nigerrimus 40 birds Velvety Black-tyrant Myrmeciza squamosa 40 birds Squamate Antbird Neomorphus squamiger 40 birds Scaled Ground-cuckoo Orthogonys chloricterus 40 birds Olive-green Tanager Phaethornis squalidus 40 birds Dusky-throated Hermit Poospiza thoracica 40 birds Bay-chested Warbling-finch Praomys morio 40 mammals Cameroon Praomys Sporophila falcirostris 40 birds Temminck's Seedeater Sporophila frontalis 40 birds Buffy-fronted Seedeater Bolitoglossa diaphora 39 amphibians Elephas maximus 39 mammals Asian Elephant Eriocnemis mirabilis 39 birds Colorful Puffleg Nectarinia loveridgei 39 birds Loveridge's Sunbird Platyrinchus leucoryphus 39 birds Russet-winged Spadebill Polyplectron napoleonis 39 birds Napoleon's Peacock-pheasant Sus oliveri 39 mammals Oliver's Warty Pig Taxus wallichiana 39 plants Himalayan Yew

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Thraupis ornata 39 birds Golden-chevroned Tanager Acipenser dabryanus 38 fish Dabry's Sturgeon Acipenser nudiventris 38 fish Bastard Sturgeon Acipenser stellatus 38 fish Star Sturgeon Attila rufus 38 birds Gray-hooded Attila Capra caucasica 38 mammals West Caucasian Tur Chamaeza meruloides 38 birds Cryptic Antthrush Cichlocolaptes leucophrus 38 birds Pale-browed Treehunter Craugastor merendonensis 38 amphibians Craugastor omoaensis 38 amphibians Ctenosaura quinquecariniata 38 reptiles Five-keeled Spiny-tailed Iguana Drymophila ferruginea 38 birds Ferruginous Antbird Elaenia ridleyana 38 birds Noronha Elaenia Hemitriccus nidipendulus 38 birds Hangnest Tody-tyrant Huso huso 38 fish Beluga Ithaginis cruentus 38 birds Blood Pheasant Ketupa blakistoni 38 birds Blakiston's Fish-owl Lepidocolaptes squamatus 38 birds Scaled Woodcreeper Muscicapa lendu 38 birds Chapin's Flycatcher Myrmotherula gularis 38 birds Star-throated Antwren Oedipina tomasi 38 amphibians Plectrohyla dasypus 38 amphibians Plectrohyla exquisita 38 amphibians Prunus africana 38 plants Red Stinkwood Pterodroma magentae 38 birds Chatham Island Taiko Tangara desmaresti 38 birds Brassy-breasted Tanager Todirostrum poliocephalum 38 birds Gray-headed Tody-Flycatcher Tragopan melanocephalus 38 birds Black-headed Tragopan Adelophryne baturitensis 37 amphibians Allobates olfersioides 37 amphibians Allobates subfolionidificans 37 amphibians Bokermannohyla vulcaniae 37 amphibians Callosciurus adamsi 37 mammals Ear-spot Squirrel Callosciurus albescens 37 mammals Kloss Squirrel Cephalophus jentinki 37 mammals Jentink's Duiker Ctenosaura clarki 37 reptiles Balsas Armed Lizard Ctenosaura defensor 37 reptiles Yucatán Spiny-tailed Iguana Cycloramphus acangatan 37 amphibians Dasypops schirchi 37 amphibians Dendrortyx barbatus 37 birds Bearded Wood-partridge Euparkerella robusta 37 amphibians Euparkerella tridactyla 37 amphibians Francolinus ahantensis 37 birds Ahanta Francolin Lophornis gouldii 37 birds Dot-eared Coquette Nannophrys marmorata 37 amphibians Neopelma chrysolophum 37 birds Serra do Mar Neopelma

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Physalaemus atlanticus 37 amphibians Pseudophilautus macropus 37 amphibians Sheppardia montana 37 birds Usambara Akalat Synallaxis whitneyi 37 birds Bahia Spinetail Thoropa petropolitana 37 amphibians Alouatta belzebul 36 mammals Red-handed Howler Monkey Alouatta discolor 36 mammals Red-handed Howling Monkey Aphantochroa cirrochloris 36 birds Sombre Hummingbird Bradypus torquatus 36 mammals Maned Sloth Brotogeris tirica 36 birds Plain Parakeet Cacajao ayresi 36 mammals Ayres Black Uakari Cacajao hosomi 36 mammals Black-headed Uacari Drymophila squamata 36 birds Scaled Antbird Encephalartos aemulans 36 plants Ngotshe Cycad Myrmeciza loricata 36 birds White-bibbed Antbird Arborophila torqueola 35 birds Hill Partridge Bunomys coelestis 35 mammals Heavenly Hill Rat Conopophaga melanops 35 birds Black-cheeked Gnateater Coregonus peled 35 fish Northern Whitefish Craugastor omiltemanus 35 amphibians Craugastor uno 35 amphibians Eleutherodactylus dilatus 35 amphibians Megadontomys thomasi 35 mammals Thomas's Giant Deer Mouse Pseudoeurycea tenchalli 35 amphibians Pseudoeurycea teotepec 35 amphibians Reithrodontomys bakeri 35 mammals Baker's Small Toothed Harvest Mouse Sylvilagus insonus 35 mammals Omilteme Cottontail Tangara cyanoventris 35 birds Gilt-edged Tanager Thorius grandis 35 amphibians Thorius omiltemi 35 amphibians Anabacerthia amaurotis 34 birds White-browed Foliage-gleaner Biatas nigropectus 34 birds White-bearded Antshrike Pseudophilautus auratus 34 amphibians Pseudophilautus ocularis 34 amphibians Pseudophilautus poppiae 34 amphibians Pseudophilautus silvaticus 34 amphibians Acipenser persicus 33 fish Persian Sturgeon Apalis fuscigularis 33 birds Taita Apalis Cyprinus barbatus 33 fish Dysithamnus stictothorax 33 birds Spot-breasted Antvireo Lophophorus impejanus 33 birds Himalayan Monal Oreochromis jipe 33 fish Jipe Tilapia Oreochromis karomo 33 fish Karomo Oreochromis mortimeri 33 fish Kariba Tilapia Ptychidio jordani 33 fish Labeo Jordanovo Pucrasia macrolopha 33 birds Koklass Pheasant

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 9 – Additional results tables

Rhabdalestes leleupi 33 fish Salmo carpio 33 fish Carpione Del Garda Congosorex phillipsorum 32 mammals Phillips Congo Shrew Hylomyscus grandis 32 mammals Mt Oku Hylomyscus Nectophrynoides poyntoni 32 amphibians Nectophrynoides wendyae 32 amphibians Malus sylvestris 31 plants Crab Apple Acipenser transmontanus 30 fish White Sturgeon Callibella humilis 30 mammals Black-crowned Dwarf Marmoset Coregonus pidschian 30 fish Bottom Whitefish Malimbus ibadanensis 30 birds Ibadan Malimbe

MAPISCo Final report: Appendix 10 – Acknowledgements

Appendix 10 - Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following people for their valuable input during the project workshop (Appendix 4): Stuart Butchart, BirdLife; Jon Hutton, Claire McLardy, Chris McOwen and Megan Parry, WCMC; Tony Weighell and David Stroud, JNCC; Steve Bachman, Kew; Nils Bunnefeld, Imperial College; Arnout van Soesbergen, King’s College London; Mike Hoffman and Nigel Maxted, SSC; Kevin Smith, IUCN SSC; Nigel Leader Williams, University of Cambridge; Judith Pell, Rothamsted Research

We would also like to thank the two external reviewers of this report - Stuart Butchart, BirdLife and Brendan Godley, University of Exeter.