Course Map

Unit Structures Topics and Functions Skills Learner Training Review Tests Free time activities Long and short vowels Gerunds Pronunciation: Unit 7 Life expectancy Bar charts Understanding 7 Comparative adjectives Reading: Practice Weather and seasons Speaking: Agreeing and disagreeing; conversation 7-9 Revision p.1 which and what Opinions and uncertainty Rephrasing coming soon Listening: Telephone messages Past simple with be Biography Unit 8 Writing: Messages Grammar learning 8 Ordinal numbers Dates Practice Pronunciation: th strategies 7-9 Revision p.13 Prepositions of time Population Reading: Statistics and pie charts coming soon Narration Reading: Ordering events Past simple Unit 9 History Pronunciation: Verb endings 9 Regular and irregular verbs Study skills Practice Development Writing: Summarising 7-9 Revision p.25 before/after/when Changing money Speaking: Points of view coming soon Geographical features Listening: Responding to questions Unit 10 Superlatives The environment Pronunciation: Similar vowels Practice have/has got Language learning 10 Health Reading: Cause and effect 10-12 p.37 Conjunctions Revision Suggesting and inviting Writing: Formal and informal coming soon in 2013 Coming Plans Facts and opinions Unit 11 Prepositions of movement Reading: Transport Writing: Punctuation; Correcting written Practice going to Writing strategies 11 Accomodation work 10-12 p.49 have to Revision Tourism Speaking: Giving directions coming soon for updates for www.educasia.org check Present continuous for Listening: Identifying large numbers Unit 12 Measurement Using a around now Voiced and unvoiced Practice Experience Pronunciation: monolingual 12 Present perfect consonants 10-12 p.61 Science and technology dictionary Revision how questions Speaking: Making appointments coming soon

Pairwork p.73 Language Reference p.77 Audioscripts p.86 Towns and Countries S���������: GERUNDS - COMPARATIVES - WHICH - LONG AND SHORT VOWELS - PHONETICS T����� ��� F��������: FREE TIME ACTIVITIES - LIFE EXPECTANCY - WEATHER & SEASONS - UNCERTAINTY - OPINIONS - AGREEING AND DISAGREEING 7 S�����: USING BAR CHARTS - PREDICTING - UNDERSTANDING CONVERSATION - REPHRASING 1. Free time activities 1.1 Bangkok and Yangon

A Jessica and Khin Zaw are talking. They use these words and phrases. What's their conversation about? Bangkok visa run favourite shopping taking photographs clubbing jogging hang out

B 073 Read and listen. Are you correct? Jessica: I'm going to Bangkok tomorrow on a visa run. Khin Zaw: Oh, OK. Do you like Bangkok? Jessica: Yes, I do. I love going to Bangkok. Khin Zaw: Do you like Thai food? Jessica: Yes, it’s my favourite. I like eating street food in Thailand and like cooking Thai food at home. Khin Zaw: I like Thai food too. What do you do there? Jessica: Lots of things. I really like shopping. My favourite places are the markets. I like 074 Khin Zaw talks about Yangon. Listen, and taking photographs there. I also like D write the questions. clubbing at the weekend. Khin Zaw: Do you like jogging? Jessica: ______1. Jessica: No, I don't. Khin Zaw: Yes, I love it. It’s a beautiful city. Khin Zaw: Really? I love jogging. Jessica: I like it, too. ______2.. Khin Zaw: I exercise a lot. I like walking in the parks and I like jogging at Kandawgyi in the morning. Jessica: ______3. Khin Zaw: Yes, quite a lot. Jessica: That's good. ______4. Khin Zaw: Yes, every day. We like playing caneball in the evenings and we love going to rock concerts. My favourite bands are Iron Cross and Side Effect. Jessica: Oh me too. I love Side Effect. ______5. Khin Zaw: No way! I hate shopping. It's boring. C Complete the sentences. E Complete the diagram. 1. Jessica ______to Bangkok. (like / go) 2. Jessica and Khin Zaw ______Thai food. kes… Khin li Z (like / eat) a a ic w s

s l 3. She ______photographs in markets. i e k J

(like / take) e shopping s

4. She ______(really like / shop). Side … Effect 5. She ______(not like / jog).

1 • Unit 7 Student's Book Think English Elementary 1.2 Activities A What are people doing in the pictures? a. b. c. d. B 075 Listen. Tick the things the speaker likes and cross the things he doesn't like.

e. f. g. h. Grammar Focus - Gerunds We use gerunds (verb + ing) to talk about E Do Find Someone Who. Complete the table. likes and dislikes. Complete the examples Ask questions to get extra information. using words from 1.1. Find someone Extra Name subject verb gerund rest of sentence who... information hanging doesn't like I out playing caneball doesn't likes cooking like

They cooking foreign food. hates swimming

hates loves listening to music doesn't like C 076 studying 1. Madhu likes ______and having ______. Listen and fill the gaps. Do you like She likes cooking. She ______food. Yes, I love it! 2. playing caneball? 3. Amit likes ______. He ______at a pool next to Kandawgyi. 4. He studies for his PhD ______. F In pairs, compare yourself to the people in your list and tell your partner. 5. He also likes ______. He listens to music in ______. I like swimming in the D What do you like doing in your free time? sea but Thu Lay Paw doesn't like swimming. What don't you like doing? Make two lists.

1.3 Unhealthy activities

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

A Match the words to make unhealthy activities, B Are these activities always unhealthy? Discuss. then match the activities with the pictures. . Brainstorm questions you 1. smoking a. drugs C Interview and Tell can ask people about healthy and unhealthy drinking cigarettes 2. b. activities. 3. taking c. betel nut Interview your partner about his/her healthy 4. eating d. oily foods and unhealthy activities. 5. chewing e. whisky Tell your class/group about your partner.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 7 • 2 2 smaller, worse, slower, shorter 2.1 Who's taller? A Are the students in the class the same or E Ask other students the questions from B. Write different? What differences are there? their answers in the chart, Brainstorm a list. Name Age Height Hair Foot Size B Match the questions to the correct nouns. 1. How tall are you? a. length 2. How big are your feet? b. age 3. How long is your hair? c. height Complete the sentences. Use the names of 4. How old are you? d. size F

What are the opposites of the adjectives above? C students1. ______to fillis older the gaps. than ______. 2. ______is taller than ______. D Measure your height, the length of your hair and your foot size. Write the information in the table 3. ______'s hair is longer than ______'s. in E. 4. ______'s feet are bigger than ______'s. G Write four more true sentences using the opposites of the words above.

2.2 They're uglier

Grammar Focus - comparative adjectives Grammar Focus - comparative adjectives: spelling rules We use comparative adjectives to compare things. Complete the spelling rules for comparatives. Read these statements. Do you agree with them? 1. One syllable adjectives: we add ______. 1. Men are taller than women. 2. Some one-syllable adjectives, like ______, 2. Football is better than caneball. add an extra consonant before er. 3. Smoking is worse than drinking. 3. Adjectives ending in y: we remove the y 4. Maths is more diffi cult than English. and add ______. 4. Adjectives with two or more syllables: we add ______in front of the adjective. Match the underlined thing with the picture. A 5. Some adjectives, like ______and ______, 1. My sister's T-shirt is more expensive than are irregular. my brother's T-shirt. 2. The maths exam is easier than the B Choose the correct form of the comparative. English exam. 1. My brother's T-shirt is expensive / 3. The yellow fl owers are more beautiful expensiver / more expensive than my than the pink fl owers. sister's T-shirt. 4. My motorbike is better than his motorbike. 2. The English exam is hard / harder / more hard than the maths exam. 3. The pink fl owers are ugly / uglier / more a. b. c. d. ugly than the yellow fl owers. 4. His motorbike is bad / worse / more bad than her motorbike. C Write some more sentences comparing the e. f. g. h. things. Use these adjectives. 1. old 2. diffi cult 3. pretty D Talk to your partner about yourself, your family or your home town. Use comparatives.

3 • Unit 7 Student's Book Think English Elementary 2.3 Comparing countries Graph A: Air Pollution (PM10) A Where are India, Pakistan and Bangladesh? 140 a.___ What is the same about them? What is different? 120 100 B What are the different parts of a bar chart? Label 80 graph using the words in box. b.___ A 60 40 x axis y axis title bar 20 0 What information do these bar charts show? C d.___ Bangladesh India Pakistan c.___ D Look at the charts. Are the sentences true or false? Graph B: Average income in different countries, uS$ (GNI) 1. Bangladesh is more polluted than Pakistan. 4,000 2. Pakistan is cleaner than India. 3,500 3,000 3. On average, Pakistani people are richer than 2,500 Indian and Bangladeshi people. 2,000 4. In general, Bangladeshis are poorer than 1,500 Pakistanis. 1,000 500 E Write four more sentences about the information 0 in the charts. Bangladesh India Pakistan

2.4 Which one's easier? 2.5 North and South Korea

Grammar Focus - which A Look at the map. What do you know about 1. Which T-shirt do you like, this one or that one? North Korea and South Korea? What can you say 2. What do you want for breakfast? about the countries from the map? 3. Which country is poorer, India or Pakistan? 4. What is the religion of Pakistan? Why do we use which? Complete the rule. We usually use which to ask about choices between a small / large numbers of things.

A Fill the gaps with which or what. 1. ____ languages do you speak? 2. ____ language is easier, English or Myanmar? 3. ____ is spicier, mohingha or Thai red curry? 4. ____ ones do you like, the red ones or the blue ones? 5. ____ colour is your bag?

B 077 Were you right? Listen and check. B Answer the questions. 1. Which country is bigger? 077 Listen again. Write the comparative C 2. Which country has a higher population? adjectives. 3. Which country has higher internet use? D which and what. 4. Which country has a bigger army? Ask and answer your questions in pairs. Write five more questions using C 078 Listen and check. Which are cheaper, Cars, I think. cars or motorbikes?

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 7 • 4 3 Life expectancy 3.1 The USA and Swaziland

A What do these words and phrases mean? life expectancy white American black American Asian American Latin American reason Read the text. Complete the bar chart using the B Life Expectancy in the USA information in the text. People in the USA are living longer than in Life expectancy in the USA (years) 90 the past. Average life expectancy is about 78.5 years, but there are big differences between 85 different ethnic groups. White Americans live for about 78 years and black Americans live for about 73 years. Asian Americans 80 have a life expectancy of 87 years and Latin Americans live to 80. 75 There are lots of reasons for this. For example, 70 white Americans are often richer than black Americans, and Asian Americans usually eat 65 healthier food than other Americans.

C What do these words and phrases mean? Life Expectancy in Swaziland HIV/AIDS child mortality disease condoms Countries with a lot of HIV/AIDS usually have lower life expectancy and higher child D Read the text about Swaziland. Complete the mortality. statements using words from the text. Swaziland is a small 1. People in the USA have a ______life country in Africa. The expectancy than people in Swaziland. average life expectancy 2. The number of people living with HIV is very is about 32 years. One high because of low ______use. big reason for this is HIV/AIDS. 26% of The ______life expectancy of people in 3. people in Swaziland are Swaziland is 32 years. living with HIV/AIDS, and up to 42% women 4. The percentage of people in Swaziland with have the disease. The Swazi government is HIV/AIDS is about ______. fi ghting HIV but it is diffi cult. People don't like using condoms. Some people have a lot of E In groups, decide the main points of these texts. children with different partners. For example, the king of Swaziland, Mswati III, has 14 wives.

3.2 Life expectancy in Myanmar

A Match the adjectives with the nouns. C Fill the gaps using words from the table.

rich / poor hospitals 1. Maybe Myanmar has ______food than Swaziland. 2. Maybe hospitals are ______in Swaziland. cheap / expensive education 3. Perhaps ______has cleaner water than ______. good / bad food 4. Maybe ______are more dangerous in Myanmar. safe / dangerous people 5. Perhaps the USA has cheaper ______. clean / dirty water D Create and label a bar chart showing the average life healthy / unhealthy roads expectancy of people in other countries. B Life expectancy in Myanmar is about 59 years. Is this high or low? What do you think the reasons are?

5 • Unit 7 Student's Book Think English Elementary 4 Weather and seasons 4.1 The weather

A What words do you know to describe weather? a. c. g. i. B Match the words with the symbols. 1. hot 4. cold 7. stormy 10. cool 2. dry 5. warm 8. raining h. 3. wet 6. cloudy 9. snowing b. d. j. C 079 Listen and repeat. f. e.

D Answer the questions about the words in B. 1. Which words are adjectives? 2. Which are verbs? 3. Which are opposites?

4.2 What's the weather like? 4.3 Seasons in Myanmar

A 080 Paul is talking to his wife, Lisa, on the A What is the correct order of the months of the phone. Listen and answer the questions. year? Write numbers next to the months. 1. Where are Paul and Lisa? November 2. How do they ask about the weather? January 1. October B 080 Listen. Fill the gaps. March 1. It's ______and ______in Yangon. July 2. It ______every day in the rainy season. September 3. It's not warm and wet in Hull, it's ______, May ______and ______. August April C What's the weather like today? Choose the February best word. June 1. Today it's hot / warm / cold / cool. December 2. It's a wet / dry day. B 081 Listen, check and repeat. 3. It's raining / not raining. 4. It's / It's not cloudy. C Myanmar has three seasons - the hot season, 5. It's / It's not stormy. the rainy season and the cold season. Match the months to the seasons. Compare your answers D Look at the symbols. In pairs, point, ask and with other students. answer questions. What's the hot season rainy season cold season weather like? It's cloudy.

D What's the weather like: – in Myitkyina in February? – in Dawei in April? – in Putao in December? – in Mandalay in March? – in Yangon in July? E What other countries have similar seasons to Myanmar?

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 7 • 6 4.4 Other parts of the world

A Some places in the world have four seasons. Answer the questions. 1. Which places are these? 2. What are the seasons called? 3. Match the seasons with the pictures.

a. b. c. d.

B What's the weather usually like in England in D Compare your notes in groups. spring? In summer? Autumn? Winter? Rewrite the text.

C 082 Dictogloss. Listen to Matty talking about E Listen and check. How much information did the weather in his home town. Listen, and you get? make notes.

5 Pronunciation: Long and short vowels 5.1 Four pairs

A Say these sentences. What are the vowel sounds H Write the words next to the phonetic spellings. in the underlined words? ship ​boot ​put ​card ​sheet ​body ​ 1. He likes beans from the bins. heart sheep women ​beach ​often ​ 2. They shot the short man. foot ant orphan aunt guitar aren’t 3. The match is in March. cat ​bored ​woman ​hat board 4. Don’t pull him into the pool. 1. /bi:ʧ/ beach 11. /ænt/ B 083 Listen and repeat. 2. /ʃɪp/ ship 12. /ɑ:nt/ (x2) 3. /ʃi:p/ 13. /kæt/ C Divide the underlined words into short and long 4. /ʃi:t/ 14. /ka:d/ vowel sounds. 5. /hæt/ 15. /bɔ:d/ (x2) short vowel sound long vowel sound 6. /hɑ:t/ 16. /bɒdi:/ bins beans 7. /wʊmən/ 17. /pʊt/ 8. /wɪmɪn/ 18. /bu:t/ 9. /ɒfən/ 19. /fʊt/ D 084 Listen and repeat the vowel sounds. 10. /ɔ:fən/ 20. /gɪta:/ /ɪ/ /ʊ/ /ɒ/ /æ/ /i:/ /u:/ /ɔ:/ /ɑ:/ I 086 Listen. Which ones does the speaker pronounce incorrectly? E Match them with the words in the table. J 087 Listen to the correct pronunciation and F 085 Listen and check. repeat.

G In pairs, practise saying the sounds. Can your K Pair Dictation. Choose 8 words from C and H. partner guess which sound you are saying? Say them to your partner. Write your partner’s words.

7 • Unit 7 Student's Book Think English Elementary 5.2 Sounds in use

A 088 Listen. Correct the mistakes in these C Pair Dictation. Partner A, look at page 73. sentences. Partner B, look at page 75. 1. The women put the boot on her foot. D Write a paragraph including every sound 2. He isn’t friendly but he has a good hat. from this section. 3. Orphans often eat cheap bins. 4. Look at that big sheep! E Pair Dictation. Read your paragraph, and 5. Do you play every match? write your partner’s.

B 088 Listen, check and repeat.

6 Phrasebook: Opinions 6.1 Are you sure?

A Look back at this sentence from 3.2 C. B 089 Listen. Jessica and Lee are talking about learning Myanmar. What do they say about: Maybe hospitals are worse in Swaziland. What has the same meaning? 1. Myanmar grammar? Jessica says it's quite easy. Hospitals are worse in Swaziland. a. 2. Myanmar pronunciation? Hospitals are better in Swaziland. b. 3. Myanmar spelling? I'm not sure, but I think hospitals are worse c. 4. Chinese spelling? in Swaziland. 5. Japanese spelling? B Look back at this sentence from 3.2 C. 6. Languages? Perhaps the USA has cheaper education. C 089 Listen again. Put opinion words and Write two other sentences with the same phrases on the line. meaning. of course C Are these true? Are you sure? Add maybe or perhaps if necessary. 1. There are over 5 million words in English. 2. English is a difficult language. 3. Snakes are beautiful. I disagree 4. Dogs can swim. D Which of these are facts? Which are opinions? D Do a Mill Drill. Agree or disagree, and give more information.

6.2 Agreeing and disagreeing Bananas are cheaper than A Look at these statements. Do you agree or oranges. disagree with them? 1. Dogs are nicer than cats. I'm not sure. Oranges are quite cheap today. 2. There are a lot of animals in Myanmar. 3. Football is boring. 4. English is more difficult than Chinese. 5. Coffee mix is horrible.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 7 • 8 7 Learning Strategies: Understanding conversation 7.1 Repeating c.

A 090 Listen. Who are the speakers? What's happening?

a. b.

d.

B 090 Listen. What happens next? Which is the correct picture?

C 091 Listen. What's happening now?

D 091 Listen. What type of books do they have?

E 092 Listen. Who are the speakers? What is happening now?

F 092

G In eachListen. conversation, Where can the the assistant customer wants find tothe hear information? the information again. In which conversation does she: 1. ask them to repeat the information? 2. repeat the information? 3. use 'sorry'? H Work in pairs. Write and practise a conversation using all three strategies.

7.2 Speak slowly 7.3 Rephrase

A 093 Listen. What is happening? A 094 Listen. What's happening?

B 093 Listen. Order the actions. B 094

C 094 Listen.Listen again.What Canwords they does fix the customerproblem? use to get the assistant to rephrase?

2. 090 091 092 093 094 Listen. In which 1. D conversations does the speaker rephrase?

E Rephrase these instructions. 3. Please write your full name on the piece of paper on the table. You can't write in pencil, you can't write in red pen, and you can't write in blue pen. There are 100 What phrases does the customer use to get the C questions, and they test grammar, assistant to speak slowly? vocabulary and understanding. Answer D Work in pairs. Write and practise a conversation all 100 questions. There is no talking in the using a speak slowly phrase. exam room.

9 • Unit 7 Student's Book Think English Elementary Unit 7 Practice

A Sue is talking to Roi Ja. Fill the gaps C Sue is talking about Russia and with the words and phrases. Japan. Match Roi Ja's questions with Sue's answers. cooking does it rain cooler big rainy season bigger swimming like Roi Ja: is it raining where do you live cook 1. do you like it smaller what do you do c 2. Are they similar? What's your favorite country? 3. How are they different? Sue: 1. ? Where do you live 4. What's the weather like in Japan and Roi Ja: In Myitkyina. Russia? ______2. ? Sue: 5. And what about the people? Yes, I do. It's a really nice place. Roi Ja: 6. What about prices? Is Japan more 3. Sue. Is it a ______city? expensive than Russia? Roi Ja: It's not very big and not very small 7. Are Russians healthier than Japanese? It's ______4. than Bhamo, but 8. What do Japanese people like doing for 5. ______than Mandalay. exercise? What about Russians? What do you like about it? Sue: Sue: Roi Ja: I really ______6. the weather. It's a. In general, I think Japanese people are ______7. than Yangon. friendlier than Russians. Some Russians 8. Sue: ______a lot? are very friendly though, and some 9. Roi Ja: In the ______it rains a lot. Japanese people are unfriendly. 10. Sue: ______at the moment? b. Oh no, Japanese people are healthier. Roi Ja: Oh no, it's not raining now, it's the cold season. and they don’t eat much oily food. Life Sue: ______11. in your free time? expectancyThey eat a lot is higherof fish andin Japan. vegetables, People in Roi Ja: I exercise a lot. I like ______12. Russia have lots of unhealthy habits – with my friends in the river. they often smoke and drink a lot. Sue: Do you like ______13. ? c. I lived in Russia and in Japan. I like Roi Ja: Yes, I usually ______14. for my those countries. friends at the weekends. d. Russian people like playing football and swimming. In Japan a lot of people go B Find one word in the text with each jogging. vowel sound. e. Russia and Japan have four seasons 1. season and cold winters with lots of snow. But 2. Russian winters are colder. /ɪ:/ tree 3. f. No, they are very different. /ɪ/ sit 4. /u:/ shoe g. Yes, in general, things are more expensive /ʊ/ book 5. in Japan. Food and houses are cheaper in 6. Russia. /ɒ/ clock 7. /æ/ bag h. Russia is very big. Bigger than Japan. /ɔ:/ more Japan is very crowded, and more modern.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 7 • 10 D Fill the gaps with which, what or who to F Look at the map and the bar charts. complete the questions. Complete the sentences.

1. Which is faster, a ship or an airplane? 1. The population of Pakistan is ______than 2. ______is more dangerous, a mosquito or Afghanistan's, but ______than India's. a tiger? 2. The population of Pakistan is about _____. 3. ______wrote Romeo and Juliet? 3. Life expectancy in Afghanistan is about 4. ______country has more people, India or ______. Myanmar? 4. This is ______than in India and Pakistan. 5. ______is bigger, a lake or a sea? In those countries it's about ______. 6. ______do you want to buy, the big ones or the small ones? Life Expectancy 7. ______is your friend's name? 80 8. 70 60 9. ______is that? Your sister? 50 ______is your first language? 40 This is Luke and his baby sister, 30 E 20 Lily. Write sentences comparing 10 them. Use these adjectives. 0 Afghanistan Pakistan India 1. Luke is older old Population (in millions) than Lily. 2. young 1,400 1,200 3. happy 1,000 4. big 800 5. educated 600 400 6. loud 200 0 Afghanistan Pakistan India

G Crossword 1 2 3 4 Across Down 1. We use ____ to light 1. Jogging is good ____. 5 6 our house. 2. The ____ of the book is and are ____ 'The Dog'. 7 8 7. Look like verbs. 3. /kæt/ 9 10.It's ____, but it isn't 4. Apples are a ____ of 10 raining. fruit.

11 12 11. Put the plates on the 5. ____. 'I ____. It's great!' 13 'This film is good.' 16. The average world 6. A lot of ____ food is 14 15 16 ____ expectancy is 67 unhealthy. 17 years. 8. We're going to a ____ 17. She likes ____ at the concert tonight. lake. 9. ____ phones are 18 18. 'What ____ are they?' cheaper this year. 'They're Chin'. 12. Noun form of long. 13. A lot of water. 14. '____ here now!' 15. He's ____ artist.

11 • Unit 7 Student's Book Think English Elementary H Translate these into your language. 5. Are you sure? 6. I think languages are important. 1. His house is cleaner than my house. 7. I agree. 2. What's the weather like? 8. Please speak slowly. 3. June is wetter than December. 9. Can you repeat that? 4. Maybe the small one is cheaper. I Tick the words and phrases you know. Write definitions, examples and/or translations for the words and phrases you find difficult. a little (adj) (n) rephrase (v) agree (v) football match (n) rock concert (n) air (n) firsthang language out (v) rock music (n) army (n) hard (difficult) (adj) sea (n) as well (adv) heart (n) shelf (n) autumn (n) height (n) sheep (n) available (adj) HIV/AIDS (n) sheet (n) average (n, adj) irregular (adj) ship (n) bar chart (n) income (n) shopping (n) betel nut (n) in general (adv) similar (adj) boot (n) jogging (n) size (n) caneball (n) law (n) smell (v) catalogue (n) length (n) spring (n) chew (v) library (n) stormy (adj) child mortality (n) life expectancy (n) street food (n) cloudy (adj) main point (n) summer (n) clubbing (n) march (n) sure (adj) condom (n) maybe (adv) survey (n, v) course (n) mobile phone (n) swimming pool (n) (adv) no way (n) switch (n) disagree (v) oily (adj) though (adv) diseasedefinitely (n) online (adj) title (n) drugs (n) orphan (n) type of (n) education (n) password (n) use (n, v) electricity (n) perhaps (adv) visa run (n) end (v, n) PhD (n) wall (n) ethnic group (n) phonetic symbol (n) warm (adj) every day (adv) pollution (n) whisky (n) exercise (v, n) power (n) winter (n) extension cord (n) regular (adj)

J Can you do these things? Tick the correct column. a little OK well I can talk about what I like and don't like doing. I can describe some healthy and unhealthy activities. I can compare things, people and places. I can read, understand and make bar graphs. I can understand about population and life expectancy. I can talk about the weather. I can pronounce long and short vowels. I can read some phonetic symbols I can express uncertainly. I can agree and disagree. I can use understanding strategies in conversation.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 7 • 12 People and the Past S���������: PAST SIMPLE WITH BE - ORDINALS - PREPOSITIONS OF TIME - PRONOUNCING TH T����� ��� F��������: PAST NARRRATION - BIOGRAPHY - DATES - POPULATION - WRITING, SAYING AND TAKING MESSAGES 8 S�����: STATISTICS - PIE CHARTS - TIME ORDER - LEARNING GRAMMAR 1 History 1.1 Myanmar history

A Brainstorm. What famous people do you know from Myanmar history? Why are they famous?

B Work in groups. Look at the statements about famous people and places from Myanmar history. Choose the correct words and phrases to complete the statements.

1. The______people were 6. King Thibaw was the the fi rst to live in the ______of Queen Sagaing region. Supayalat. a) Rakhine a) half-brother b) Pyu b) cousin c) Mon c) uncle

7. Sai Htee Saing was a 2. ______was a Chin leader. Shan ______. a) U Vamthu Mawng a) author and travel writer b) Brang Seng b) monk c) Kya Bu c) singer-songwriter

3. ______was the capital of 8. Myo Myat and Mingyi Swe the Rakhine Kingdom in were the parents of King 1430. ______. a) Mrauk U a) Tabinshwehti b) Dhanyawadi b) Bayinnaung c) Waithali c) Nanda

4. King Anawrahta was born 9. Much of Kayin State was ______. in the ______Kingdom in a) in 968 1400. b) in 992 a) Hanthawaddy c) in 1014 b) Ava c) Bagan

5. Ko Tha Byu was the fi rst Sgaw Kayin ______. 10. ______was the King of Hanthawaddy in its a) Christian ‘golden age’ of peace. b) Buddhist c) Muslim a) Tabinshweti b) Anawrahta c) Dhammazedi

13 • Unit 8 Student's Book Think English Elementary Grammar Focus - past simple We use the past simple to talk about fi nished events and situations. I was in Taungoo yesterday. NOT: I am in Taungoo yesterday. 1. Complete the rules about the verb be in the past simple. a. We use was in the ______person singular and 3rd person ______. I was a bad student. The book was in the library. b. We use were in the ______person, and in the 1st and 3rd person ______. You were wrong again. We were tired last night. The Kings were often violent 2. How do you say the sentences below in your language? How are they different from English? a. I am at the offi ce. c. I was at the offi ce. e. They were happier then. b. His name was John. d. You were a teacher f. Peter was dead.

1.2 Dr M. Shaw Loo and Saya Tin

A Do you know Dr M. Shaw Loo? Who was he? Why is he famous? B Read the text about Doctor Shaw Loo. Fill the gaps with was or were. Dr M. Shaw Loo ______1. a Myanmar doctor. He ______2. the fi rst Myanmar medical graduate in the USA. He ______3. the son of U Shwe Thet and Daw Phwar. His parents ______4. Mon Christians. They ______5. from Mawlamyine.

C Do you know Saya Tin? He's famous. He was the writer of the Myanmar national anthem. Unjumble the sentences about his life. 1. born / 1892 / Saya Tin / in / was 2. was / Mandalay / he / from 3. were / U Yan Aung / Daw Thein / his / parents / and 4. a servant / was / of King Thibaw / his / father

Dr M. Shaw Loo Saya Tin

D Complete the sentences. Make them true for you. E Tell your partner about yourself. Use the sentences in D. 1. I was born in ______in ______. (year, place) 2. When I was young, my favourite food was ______. (food) 1.3 How much do you know? 3. My fi rst friend was called ______. (name) Work in groups. Write three more multiple In 2000, I was ______years old. (age) A 4. choice statements about Myanmar history using 5. My grandparents were from ______. (place) the past simple with be. 6. My grandfather was a ______. (job) 7. Yesterday I was in ______. (place) B Have a Group Quiz Competition. 8. Last weekend I was at ______. (place)

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 8 • 14 1.4 First, second and third

A Match the headings with the pictures. a. 1. American Presidents 3. Gay Rights 2. Space 4. The United Nations B Read these statements. Match them with the headings in A. i. Neil Armstrong was the fi rst human in space. He was a British astronaut. He was in space for one day. b. ii. Wallace and Gromit were the fi rst married gay couple. Their wedding was in 1950. It was in Cambodia. iii. U Thant and Bogyoke Aung San were from Korea. U Thant was the third president of the United Nations. c. He was the fi rst African to have the job. iv. George Washington and John Adams were the fi rst and second presidents of the United Kingdom. Washington was the leader of the American church in the American War of Independence. Adams was a farmer. d.

Grammar Focus - past simple with be: negative statements Complete the rule and examples. The negative forms of be in the past simple are wasn't (= was + ____) and weren't (= ____+ not). 1. He ______happy when he lost the game. 2. Kyaw Kyaw and Sam ______at home yesterday.

The statements in are wrong. Make the sentences negative, C B Russian Yuri Gagarin Asian then write a correct sentence using the words in the box. Kevin Bourassa and Joe Varnell 1. Neil Armstrong wasn't the fi rst human in space. Myanmar army hour Yuri Gagarin was. Secretary-general USA 2001 Canada lawyer D Match people from C with the pictures.

a. b. c. d.

E Write sentences about the people from D. Add the years, people and places. 1961 1957 2001 1789 1. ______became the fi rst human in space in ______. (person, year) 2. ______became the third secretary-general of the United Nations in ______. (person, year) 3. In ______, ______and ______became the fi rst married gay couple. (year, people) 4. ______became the fi rst president of ______in ______. (person, place, year)

F Do Mix and Match.

15 • Unit 8 Student's Book Think English Elementary 2 Where were you... 2.1 …yesterday? A Look at the picture. Why do you think Sayama Paw Mu is angry with her students?

B 095 Read and listen to the conversation. Answer the questions. Jessica: Hi. Were you in class yesterday? Lee: No, I wasn't. Were you? Jessica: No. I was sick. What about you? Fill the gaps with was or were to complete the Lee: I was busy. My friend and I were D sentences. at a wedding. We were there until about 9 o'clock. 1. ______Paw Mu at school yesterday? Jessica: Was Sayama Paw Mu at her house? 2. ______her children sick? Lee: Yes, she was, and she was quite 3. ______her husband there? angry because we weren't there. 4. ______her parents at her house? Jessica: Oh. Can I use your phone? I want to 5. ______you with Paw Mu yesterday? call her and say sorry. 1. Were Jessica and Lee in class yesterday? E Write short answers to the questions in D. 2. Was Jessica sick? 1. (negative) No, she wasn't. 3. Were Lee and his friend at the doctor’s? 2. (positive) 4. (negative) 4. Was Paw Mu at her house? 3. (negative) 5. (positive) Grammar Focus - the past simple F Put the questions in the correct order. with be: yes/no questions 1. were / at / home / you / last / night ? 1. To make questions with be, we change the order of the subject and the verb. 2. it / cold / was / last night ? They were noisy last night. (statement) 3. were there / interesting / any / on TV / programmes ? 4. you / tired / this morning / were ? Were they noisy last night? (yes/no question) 5. on time / class / for / your partner / was ? 6. here / were / all your classmates / you / No, they weren't. (short answer) before ? 2. Match the questions and answers. In pairs, ask and answer the questions. 1. Was your sister in Mandalay last week? G 2. Were you busy last week? Do Change Chairs. 3. Were your shoes expensive? H 4. Was Saya Steven's class boring. a. No, she wasn't. She was in Pyin Oo Lwin. 2.2 Last week b. No, it was interesting. c. Yes, I was. A Look at the picture. Where was Amit last week? d. No, they were only 2,000 kyat.

C Put the events in time order. a. Lee and his friend go to a wedding. b. Class starts. c. Jessica calls Paw Mu. d. Jessica gets sick. e. Lee talks to Jessica about yesterday's class.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 8 • 16 B Amit is talking to Paul about his week. Fill the D Write more questions using the words below. gaps with the correct form of be. wh- word be Paul: Where ______1. you last week? when, what, why, where, Amit: I was in Mandalay. was, were how long, how old Paul: Why ______2. you there? Amit: I was at a medical conference. subject rest of sentence Paul: How long ______3. you there? born, late, last night, you, your, they, your in 2001, last year, Amit: Four days, from Monday to Thursday. On father, your sister, your yesterday, at university, Friday there weren't any speakers. grandmother in the summer Paul: Where ______4. Madhu? Amit: She was in Bangkok. E Ask your partner the questions. Paul: Why ______5. she there? Amit: Shopping, of course. Where was your grandmother in 2001? In Falam. C 096 Listen and check. Grammar Focus - the past simple with be: wh- questions We form wh- questions like yes/no In how questions, we often put an adjective questions, but add a question word at the before the verb. beginning. a. How long were you there? a. Where were you last night? b. How much was it? b. Who were you with? How many wh- question words do you know? (wh- word + be + subject + rest of sentence) where who how

3 Dates and numbers 3.1 Dates and ordinal numbers

A What date is your birthday? What day is/was your birthday on this year? What is the difference between these two questions? B Write the correct ordinal in two ways. 1. one fi r s t , 1st 4. four 7. eleven 10. nineteen 13. twenty-two 2. two 5. fi v e 8. twelve 11. twenty 14. twenty-nine 3. three 6. ten 9. fi fteen 12. twenty-one 15. thirty

C 097 Listen and repeat. G Write these dates another way. 1. 1 January, 1901 5. 4/4/2008 D 098 Listen. Write the correct ordinal number. 2. 31st May, 2013 6. 13/09/94 E Count around the Class using ordinals. 3. January the 19th 7. The 11th of the 4. Dec. 21, 2012 11th, 1918 F 099 correct dates (including months). H 100 Listen and repeat. Listen and fill the gaps with the 1. My sister's birthday is on ______. I How did they say these years? 2. Her party was on ______. 3. She starts her new job on ______. 1. 1901 3. 2008 5. 2012 4. We were in Thailand on ______. 2. 1918 4. 2013 6. 2020 5. Manchester United are playing on ______. J Write these American English dates in British 6. My appointment was on ______. English. 7. The meeting is on ______. 1. 6/16/13 16/6/13 4. 01/12/2009 2. 09/11/1901 5. 03/04/95 3. 03/27/55 6. 4/3

17 • Unit 8 Student's Book Think English Elementary 3.2 Pronunciation: th - /ð/ and /θ/ 3.3 /θ/ in ordinals

A 101 Listen and repeat. A 104 Look at the pairs of words. Circle the words you hear. /ð/ the with mother /θ/ think ninth bathroom 1. eight eighth 3. thirty thirtieth B What is the difference? Fill the gaps in the rules: 2. seven seventh 4. thirteen thirteenth /ð/ is voiced, and /θ/ is unvoiced. Put your B 104 Listen, check and repeat. fi ngers on your throat. You can feel _____ sounds. You can't feel _____ sounds. 3.4 Diffi cult numbers C 102 Listen. Write the words in the table. A How do you say these? think the their they this thirteen three third fi ve fi fth six sixth twelve twelfth three father fourth tenth clothes month B 105 Listen, check and repeat. /ð/ voiced /θ/ unvoiced 106 Listen and repeat. the think C 1. I think there are 33 trees on 3rd Street 2. I'm fi ne, but I can't fi nd my fi ve fi les. D 102 Listen and repeat. Were you correct? 3. Six sick singers are singing the sixth song. 4. Tell Ted the test is on 12 March, 2012. E 103 Say the sentence. Listen and repeat. 5. The fi fth fi sh is fat, but the fi rst is fast. Arthur, the author’s brother, was three on the tenth of this month. D Pairwork. Partner A, look at page 73. Partner B, look at page 75. 4 Talking about time 4.1 Bogyoke Aung San & Myanmar's independence

A What year was Bogyoke Aung San born? Where was he born?

B Read the text and complete the timeline.

Maung Htein Lin, or Aung San, was born in 1915, in Natmauk, Magwe Division. At the time, Myanmar was British. In 1933, Aung San was a student at Yangon University. He became the leader of the Burma Independence Party on the 26th of December 1941. In April, 1947, Aung San became the leader of Myanmar. In 1948, Myanmar became independent.

1915 Aung San was born

Grammar Focus - prepositions C Fill the gaps with in or on. of time: in, on and at Add the dates to the timeline. Match the sentence halves to make the rules. 1. Aung San was born ______February 13th. 1. We use in with... a. months and years. 2. His wife was born ______1912 2. We use on with... b. times and festivals. 3. He was the leader of Myanmar ______1947. 3. We use at with... c. dates and days. 4. His daughter was born ______19 June, 1945.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 8 • 18 4.2 More in, on and at

A Match the sentence halves. C Put the words and phrases in the table.

1. I was born on a. January. January 1990 lunchtime 25th September 2. My birthday is in b. 5th August, Thadingyut Saturday 5 o'clock August 3. The football 1957. Union Day half past nine Christmas 1962 match is on c. Saturday 3rd. Thursdays Sunday, 13th July, 1990 4. The weather d. Thingyan. was hot at in on at B When were you born? Where were you born? January 1990 What time were you born? Tell your partner. D Where were you in the past 12 months? I was born on Tuesday, 31st May, 1979 in When? Who were you with? Make a timeline. Bago. I was born at 9.30 in the morning. E Present your timeline to your group. 5 Population 5.1 Population growth

A Look at the graph. What information do the black bars show? What do the grey bars show? 1,600 Population in 1,400 1990 (millions)

1,200 Population in 2010 (millions) 1,000

800

600

400

200

0 China India United States Indonesia Bangladesh Russia Japan

B Look at the x and y axes. What do they show? E Fill the gaps with the correct country names. 1. x = ______1. In ______and ______the population was 2. y = ______about the same in 1990 and 2010. 2. In ______and ______there was a large C Choose the best title for the graph. increase in the population between 1990 and 1. The population of countries in millions. 2010. 2. The population of countries in 1990 and 2010. 3. In ______, ______and ______there a was small increase in the population between 3. The population of the world in 1990 and 2010. 1990 and 2010. D Complete the sentences. F Read this information about Myanmar's 1. In 1990, the population of China was about population, ______. In March 1983, Myanmar's population was 2. In 1990, the population of the United States 35,442,972. In July 2012, it was about 54,580,000. was lower than the population of ______. 3. In 1990, the population of India was ______Write a sentence about population changes than in 2010. in Myanmar.

19 • Unit 8 Student's Book Think English Elementary 5.2 Populations around the world

Look at the map and pie chart. What continents are 1-6? A North Oceania, 1% America, 5% 1 2 3 South America, 9%

Europe, 13%

Asia, 59% Africa, 13%

4 5 6 B Choose the best description for the pie chart. D Fill the gaps. 1. The percentage of people living in different 1. ______of the world's population live continents. in Africa. 2. The number of people living in different 2. ______of the world's population live continents. outside Asia. 3. The population of different continents. 3. 18% of the world's population live in 4. The size of different continents. ______and ______. C Which continent is not in the chart? Why not? E Write some more sentences about the chart. 6 Phrasebook: Messages 6.1 Writing a message

A Look at these messages. Which one is useful? 3. At work - Party my house tonight, 2. home at 4. 1. Come in - Friday. Bring key is in a friend. left shoe. Let's have dinner. See you 7pm yesterday. 4.

Come to teashop now. Meeting Kev and Bev. B What is missing from these messages? What is important to include in a message?

C Write short messages for these situations. 1. You want to meet your friend tomorrow at 3.15 to go shopping. 2. You can't meet your friend tonight because you went to the hospital. 3. You want your friend to come to the Golden Horse Restaurant near the university at 7.30. Lulu and Bo Bo are coming too. D What other things do people use in messages, but not in formal writing?

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 8 • 20 6.2 Telephone messages 1 6.3 Telephone messages 2

A 107 Listen. Who is talking? What are they A 108 Listen. Who is talking? What are they talking about? talking about?

B 107 Listen to the conversation and order the B 108 Listen to the conversation. Look at the events. events in 6.2 B. Is this conversation the same? Do the same events happen? a. repeat message back b. say message C Complete the table of formal and informal c. greeting 1 telephone English. d. say they are not available and offer to take a message formal informal e. ask for person you want to speak to 1. Good afternoon Hi C Is the conversation formal or informal? How 2. Is Amit there? do you know? 3. I'm afraid she's not here at the moment. D In pairs, roleplay these conversations. 4. Can I take a 1. Canadian Embassy / UNDP / Daw Lwin message? Lwin Oo / call back 095 5960388 5. See you! 2. Central Language School / Bangkok University / Khun Somchai / want meeting D In pairs, write and roleplay a conversation at 4.30 this afternoon. with a friend, asking for another friend.

7 Learning Strategies: Grammar 7.1 Why learn grammar?

A Do you agree with these statements? agree not sure disagree 1. You learn language best by learning the grammar rules first. 2. You learn grammar rules by repeating examples. 3. You learn grammar rules by seeing and using the language. 4. People can't understand you if your grammar is wrong. 5. I enjoy learning grammar.

B Match the statements with the responses. C Teach Each Other.

7.2 Parts of speech A Read the paragraph. Find an example of: B What other important part of speech is there in the paragraph? 1. a countable noun 2. an uncountable noun 3. a proper noun You can't learn a language without C What does each part of 4. a pronoun practice. Read lots of books. Write speech do? In groups, 5. an article a journal. Listen to the radio, or make a chart, with 6. an adjective to songs. Talk to your friends in examples. 7. an adverb English. Grammar and vocabulary 8. a conjunction are quite important. Practise using English when you can.

21 • Unit 8 Student's Book Think English Elementary Unit 8 Practice

A Read about these people and correct the information.

Steve Jobs (1955- Elisabeth Domitien 2011) was the (1925-2005) was fi rst boss of Apple the fi rst prime Computers. He minister of the was born on Central African February 24, Republic. At fi rst, 1955. He became Domitien was the interested in vice-president. computers in the early nineteen Later she became seventies. His fi rst computer, in 1976, the prime minister. was called the Apple. She was prime minister from 3 Apple is now very famous and Steve Jan 1975 to 7 Apr 1976. She was Jobs was very famous. He was very the fi rst woman prime minister of intelligent, but also quite diffi cult. an African country.

1. C Fill the gaps with the correct form the Central African Republic. of be. Elisabeth Domitien was the first queen of She wasn't the queen. She was the 1. Yangon ______the capital city of prime minister. Myanmar. Now it ______Naypyidaw. 2. She was the prime minister in 1974. 2. George Bush ______the US president in 3. She was the third woman prime minister 1999. The president ______Bill Clinton. Now in Africa. in 2012, the president ______Barack Obama. 4. 3. In 1800, the world's population ______about 5. He was born on March 24, 1955. Steve Jobs was the first boss of Microsoft. 1 billion. In 1900, it ______nearly 2 billion. 6. Now, it ______7 billion. 7. He was stupid. His first computer's name was Banana. 4. My sister and I ______on holiday. We ______in B Put the words in the correct order. Taungoo last week. Now we ______in Bagan. 5. My grandparents ______Buddhists, they U Shwe Yoe (1893-1945) was an artist, actor, ______animists. My parents ______Buddhists. and dancer. 6. The teachers and students ______happy at 1. U Ba Ga Lay / name / his / was / real this new school. We ______happier at the old 2. 1893 / born / Pathein / was / in / in / he school. It ______smaller and nicer than this 3. Muslim / family / was / his new school. 4. U Pho Thi / parents / Daw Thae Mhone / 7. In 1960, there ______a lovely old house here. were / his / and Now, there ______an ugly factory. 5. high school / they / Pathein / were / 8. When I ______a child, there _____ only two in / teachers. 6. primary schools and two high schools. schools in our town. now, there ______five 9. he / in / Ah Ba Ye / 1923 / film / the / Now, people do the U Shwe Yoe and Daw Moe was / film / in ______Unit 8 of this book easy or difficult? dance at festivals.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 8 • 22 D Read the information. Answer or write E Write these dates another way. the questions. 1. 24th of November, 2008 Aye Aye Boris The children 2. June the sixteenth Where Bangkok Hledan Magwe 3. 02/01/10 When last week last night in April 4. 15/05/00 How long 3 days until 2am a month 5. 30 Oct, 1975 a business visit their 6. 05/11/09 Why a party conference grandfather 7. 2nd of December, 1889 8. The twelfth of August, 1988 1. Where was Aye Aye? In Bangkok. F Fill the gaps with in, on or at. 2. When was she there? Last week. 3. How long was she there? . 1. 'Bye! See you ______Monday!' 4. 2. My mother was born ______17 March 1942. 5. Where was Boris? . 3. My birthday's ______July. A business conference. 6. Last night. 4. I go to English class ______5pm every day. 7. Until 2am. 5. ______1955, U Nu was the prime minister of 8. Why was he there? . Myanmar. 9. In Magwe. 10. In April. 11. How long were they there? . 12. To visit their grandfather.

G Crossword. Use the clues and the pie 1 2 3 chart to complete the crossword. 4 Across Down 5 6 1. Africa and Asia are 1. 26% of people are 7 ____s. ______. 8 9 4. We usually eat 2. Not day. ______week she was 10 dinner ____ 6pm, 3. 7. 'I'm afraid she's in Falam. 11 12 5. 11% of people 13 14 'Can I leave a do ______have a message?'______. ' 8. 'This is a bad ______. 6. U Ottama was a religion. We're late and the famous ______. exam starts in 10 9. I was ______because 15 minutes.' my friend was late. 11. ______January it is 10. A conference is a quite cold here. large ______. 13. This chart shows 12. My parents ______the ______of people teachers. They had a in each world small shop. religion. 13. The chart about 15. I want to ______from world religions is a high school this ______chart. year. 14. The month after March.

23 • Unit 8 Student's Book Think English Elementary H Put the dates in order. I Translate these into your language. 1. 12/5/1969 1. We weren't at home last night. We were out. 2. 12/5/1996 2. 3. general of the United Nations. U Thant was the first Asian secretary- 4. 2/11/2004 3. Where were you last week? The fifth of December, 1969 5. February the eleventh, 2004 4. I was born on Monday July the 13th. 6. The eleventh of May, nineteen ninety-six 5. My father was born in 1961. 7. November 11, 1969 6. 59% of people live in Asia. 8. The twelfth of May, sixteen ninety-six 7. I'm afraid she's not here. 9. 8. Can I take a message? 10. 5/12/1696 The fifth of December, twenty sixty-nine 11.

The fifth of May, two thousand and four J Tick the words and phrases you know. Write definitions, examples and/or translations of the words and phrases you find difficult.

angry (adj) hour (n) percentage (n) appointment (n) I’m afraid… pie chart (n) at the moment (adv) increase (n, v) programme (n) become (v) independence (n) queen (n) birthday (n) informal (adj) race (sports) (n) born (v) journal (n) rights (n) capital (city) (n, adj) king (n) secretary-general (n) church (n) last (adj) servant (n) conference (n) medical (adj) situation (n) come in (v) meeting (n) space (outer) (n) continent (n) message (n) United Nations (n) decrease (n, v) monk (n) until (prep) enjoy (v) month (n) weather (n) gay (adj) multiple (adj) wedding (n) graduate (n, v) on time (adv) writer (n) graph (n) ordinal (adj, n) half-brother/sister (n) out (not at home) (adj) history (n) path (n)

K Can you do these things? Tick the correct column. a little OK well I can talk about the past using was and were. I can ask and answer about past events. I can understand and use ordinal numbers. I can read and understand dates in long and short forms. I can pronounce difficult numbers, including ordinals. I can use prepositions of time. I can understand and create pie charts. I can write and say short messages. I can discuss the role of grammar in language learning. I can identify parts of speech.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 8 • 24 Life and Death S���������: PAST SIMPLE - PRONOUNCING VERB ENDINGS - BEFORE/AFTER/WHEN F��������: NARRATING PAST EVENTS - TIME ORDER - DEVELOPMENT - CHANGING MONEY 9 S�����: ORDERING EVENTS - SUMMARISING - POINTS OF VIEW - STUDY SKILLS 1 World War I 1.1 The last of the last, part 1 A What do you know about World War I? Discuss B Look at the pictures of Claude Choules. What do these questions in groups: you think? 1. When was it? 1. When was he born? 2. Where was it? 2. Where was he born? 3. What was his job? 3. Which countries were in the war? 4. Why is he famous? 4. How did it start? 5. When did he die?

C Read part A. Are these statements true or false? A. Claude Choules was the last living combatant Correct the false statements. from World War I. He was born on 3 March 1. Claude was born in Australia. 1901 in England. He left school when he was 13. 2. He joined the navy when he was 13. 3. He moved to Australia in 1926. 14, he joined the British Navy. Claude moved to He wanted to fight in the war and when he was 4. Claude and Ethel had two children. Australia in 1926. He worked for the Australian 5. He wrote a book about his life. Navy. In 1927 he married Ethel Wildgoose, and 6. He died in 2011. He was 101. they had three children. He wrote a book about his life, called The Last of the Last. He died on 5 May 2011, aged 110.

Grammar Focus - past simple statements

1. Fill the gaps to complete the rules. 2. Match the rules with the examples.

ied irregular ed d a. study - studied i. Most verbs are regular. In the past tense, b. look - looked we add ______to the end of the verb. c. have - had ii. For regular verbs ending in e, we add d. live - lived ______to the end. e. meet - met iii. For regular verbs ending in y, we remove y f. try - tried and add ______. g. want - wanted iv. Some verbs are ______. h. retire - retired

25 • Unit 9 Student's Book Think English Elementary D Fill the gaps with verbs in brackets. 1. Claude ______(have) four brothers and 3. He ______(retire) in 1956. sisters. 4. He ______(meet) his wife on a ship. 2. When he was young, he ______(live) in a 5. Claude's wife ______(die) when he was 98. town called Pershore.

1.2 The last of the last, part 2

A Read part B. Are these statements true or false? B. Claude left England in 1926 and If false, correct them. didn't go back. 1. Claude went back to England when he was old. The army didn't want him because he 2. The army didn't want him because he was very young. was only 14 years old. 3. After he left school, he didn't study again. He joined the navy and didn't study 4. He wrote his life story when he was 66. again for 66 years. In 1981 he did a writing course and wrote his life story. 5. He fought in the two world wars. 6. Claude liked fi ghting. Claude fought in both World War I and World War II but he didn't like war. He He didn't go to ceremonies. 7. didn't attend ceremonies about war.

In groups, write one complete text about Grammar Focus - past simple negative B Claude's life. Order the information in parts A • I did not eat breakfast this morning. and B of the text. • She didn't go to class yesterday. Fill the gaps to complete the rules. C 109 Listen and check. To form negative sentences in the past i. Students draw a timeline of Claude's life. simple, we use ______and ______. D ii. The short form is ______. E Close your books. In pairs, retell the story of Claude's life.

1.3 The War to End all Wars On June 28, 1914, Gavrilo Princip shot and killed Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Serbia. Austro-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and Germany joined the Austro-Hungarians. Russia and Britain then declared war on Germany. Lots of countries joined the war, including France, Italy, Japan and the USA. They fought in Europe, Asia and Africa. The war ended in 1918. France, Britain and the USA defeated Germany and Austro-Hungary. 60 million soldiers fought in the war, and 15 million people A 110 Listen and read the text about World died. The survivors called it 'The War to End all Wars', but War I. Answer the questions from 1.1 A. 21 years later a second world war started in Europe.

B Complete the chart. C Look at the verbs in the texts in 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3. Put them in the table. present past present past leave did regular irregular negative wrote fought wanted was didn't want married shoot left study kill D Write two true and two false sentences about read start World War One. Give them to a partner. do ended Correct your partner's false sentences.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 9 • 26 1.4 Irregular verbs

A Read the text and write the past simple forms of the verbs in the gaps. B Write the past simple forms. eat have Last Friday, Tin Tin Nyo ­had a meeting in Lashio. She 1. begin 6. make ____1. up at 5am and ____2. to the airport. She ____3. buy get 2. come 7. know to Lashio, and ____4. breakfast and ____5. tea on the 3. win 8. give see teach plane. She ____6. a teachers' organisation at 8am, and 4. lose 9. ring go drink then ____7. their school. She ____8. a short class to their 9. 5. forget 10. put go meet students. In the afternoon she ____ to the market. She ____10. some nice toys for her grandsons, and ____11. sleep fly C Do Race to the Board a mobile phone for her daughter. In the evening she with past simple verbs. find take ____12. a taxi to Pyin Oo Lwin. She ____13. in the taxi.

1.5 Pronouncing verb endings 1.6 I didn't go to work

A 111 Listen and repeat the example verbs. A Did you do these things yesterday? Write true sentences. 111 Listen. What is the main point of this B 1. go to work or audio? Choose the best answer. I went to work. I didn't go to work. a. Irregular past simple verbs have three 2. get up late endings: , and . /t/ /d/ /ɪd/ 3. watch TV Regular past simple verbs end in or . b. /t/ /d/ 4. eat meat Irregular past simple verbs end in /ɪd/. 5. go to the movies c. Regular past simple verbs have three endings: /t/, /d/, or /ɪd/. 6. visit your friend d. Irregular past simple verbs end in /t/ or 7. buy food /d/. Regular past simple verbs end in /ɪd/. 8. listen to music

C 112 Classify these verbs into /t/, /d/ and /ɪd/ B Say your endings. Listen and check. sentences to I listened to your partner. music. My friend played her moved married studied attended guitar at my house. started killed joined hated ruled Give extra declared ended defeated died information.

/t/ /d/ /ɪd/ C Tell another Aye Aye listened to liked lived wanted student about guitar music at home, but I you and your didn't listen to music.

D Fill the gaps to complete the pronunciation rules about past simple verb forms. D Dofirst a partner.Substitution Drill. i. Regular verbs ending in a /t/ or /d/ sound Do with the text (e.g. want, end) end in ______. E Speech with Mistakes from 1.3 A. ii. Other regular verbs end in ______or ______. On June 28, 1924, Gavrilo Princip shot... E What are the past simple forms of these He didn't shoot him verbs? Add them to the table in C. in 1924. It was 1914. need use decide love talk work F Choose a year in the past. 1977 walk stop finish repeat listen What happened that year? 1988 In your life? In the news? 1999 113 Listen, check and repeat. F Make a presentation. 2005 Tell the class or a group. 2010

27 • Unit 9 Student's Book Think English Elementary 2 last night, this morning 2.1 Did you go out?

A Read the yes/no questions. What do you think C Put the verbs in the correct form so the are the answers? sentences are true for you. 1. Did Paul go out last night? 1. I (go) to a party last weekend. 2. Did he eat Korean food last night? 2. I (play) football yesterday. 3. Did Tin Tin Nyo's family come to her house? 3. I (send) an email to a friend last night. 4. Did Paw Mu work last night? 4. I (listen) to some music yesterday. 5. I (eat) mohingha this morning. B Tin Tin Nyo, Paul, Paw Mu and Apsara are having lunch and talking about last night. Read 6. I (drink) coff ee this morning. the dialogue and answer the questions from A. 7. I (watch) a good movie last night. 8. I (buy) a newspaper today.

D Write questions for the sentences in C. 1. Did you go to a party last weekend? E Ask and answer the questions in pairs.

2.2 Good news and bad news

A 114 Listen to the next part of the conversation

and fillaccident the gaps waswith wordsgave birthfrom theupset box. happened hospital funeral Paw Mu: Did you go out last night, Paul? Paul: No, I didn't. I stayed home and ate Paw Mu: I had some bad news. Korean food. There's a Korean Paul: Oh no, what ______1. ? restaurant near my house. What Paw Mu: My friend's son died in a car ______2. about you, Sayama Tin Tin Nyo? TTN: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. TTN: I went to my sister's house. All the Paw Mu: He died this morning in______3. His family were there. Paw Mu, did you ______4. is in three days. My friend is work last night? very ______5.. Paw Mu: Yes, I did. I taught English to Lee and Paul: Oh, that's horrible. Jessica. TTN: Poor Paw Mu had some bad news but I had some good news. Grammar Focus - past simple: questions Apsara: What? 1. Match the statements with the questions TTN: My niece had a baby last night. She and answers. ______6. to a little girl. a. Did he go to university? Paul: That’s lovely. No, he didn't. Yes, he did. Apsara: ______7. she a big baby? b. Where did you go last week? TTN: Yes she was. About 5 kilograms. I went to Mawlamyine. What was the good news and the bad news? 1. This is a yes/no question. B 2. This is a wh- question. 3. These are short answers. C Write the questions in the correct order. 4. This is a long answer. 1. did / when / he / die ? 2. Make the rules for past simple questions. 2. how / die / he / did ? wh- questions: subject / do / verb / 3. die / where / did / he ? wh- word / rest of sentence Make questions about Tin Tin Nyo's niece. yes/no questions: verb / rest of sentence / D subject / do 1. when / give birth ? 2. how big / baby ?

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 9 • 28 2.3 A bean seller's life Yesterday I got up at 3.30 in the morning.

Daw Than Tin is a bean seller in Paungde. A I made a fire then I washed my face. I Every day she sells her peh byout on the left the house. streets. Read the text about her life then cooked my beans on the fire and at 5.30 I answer the questions. really tired! I sold about three viss of peh 1. What time did Daw Than Tin get up? byoutI walked to myover customers five miles and yesterday. I earned I wasabout 2. What did she cook? 3. After work, where did she go? then I went to the market and I bought more beans and some3,500 foodkyat. for I finished the day. work After at the 9 o'clock,market, I went home and 4. Did she like her factory job? prepared my beans for the next day. 5. Who gave her money in the past? I wasn't always a bean seller. I worked in a cigarette factory B Read the sentences about Daw Than Tin's for 15 years but I didn't like it. Last year, the factory closed. daughter, Moe. Fill the gaps. I became a bean seller because I didn't have any money.

work marry start go teach better job and it's more interesting. become live start save leave Selling beans is more difficult than factory work but it's a My husband was a trishaw driver. He died last year. Before 1. Moe ______to the BEHS in Paungde. that, he gave me money every day. My daughter, Moe, She ______school when she was 16. 2. sometimes helps me now. Last week, she gave me 15,000 3. After school, she ______in the factory kyat. This week she didn't give me anything. She had no with her mother. money. 4. She ______English to primary school children in Paungde. C Write questions to the sentences in 2.3 B, 1-4. 5. She ______her money for university fees. 1. Where did she go to school? 6. She ______studying in 2007. 2. When 7. She ______in a dormitory for three years. 3. What 8. After she fi nished university, she ______a 4. Who high school teacher. 9. She ______her boyfriend last year. D Write more questions about the text. Ask and answer with your partner. 2.4 before, after, when A Read the text, and put the events in order. B Complete the information about Moe and her father. Fill the gaps with before, when or after. Daw Than Tin went shopping before she went home. When she got home, 1. ______Moe's father died, he was a she made lunch. After lunch, she trishaw driver. prepared her beans for the next day. 2. He was 41 ______he died. 1. First, she went to the market . 3. He gave money to Moe's mother ______2. Then she ______and ______. he died. 3. Then she ______. 4. ______her father died, Moe gave money 4. Then she ______. to her mother. 5. ______Moe left school, she became a Grammar Focus - before, after, when primary school teacher. 1. What did the writer do fi rst: read the book, see the fi lm, or buy the fi lm? C Fill the gaps about your life. a. I read the book before I saw the fi lm. 1. When I was young, I ______. b. I saw the fi lm after I read the book. 2. After I left school, I ______. c. I bought the fi lm when I fi nished the book. 3. Before I started this course, I ______. d. I was in Mandalay when I saw the fi lm. D In pairs, tell your sentences to your partner. 2. What is the difference between the uses Tell the class your partner's sentences. of when in c and in d?

29 • Unit 9 Student's Book Think English Elementary 3 Yesterday 3.1 Apsara's day

A What did you do yesterday? Make a list. Compare it with a partner. Did you do the same things?

B Look at the pictures of Apsara's day in Bangkok. Put them in the correct order.

3. 4. 6.

C 115 Listen and check. 3.2 Your day yesterday

Grammar Focus - until and at A Look at your list from 3.1 A. Write it on a Which timeline shows until? Which shows at? timeline. 1. I sat down until 11pm. 2. I sat down at 1pm. morning afternoon evening night a. 1 pm B Write sentences about yesterday. Use at, until b. 1 pm and then.

C Do a Pair Dictation. Then I was at a D 115 Listen. Write until or at in the gaps. meeting until 11pm.

Yesterday I was in Bangkok with my family. I had breakfast with my mum ______1. 9.30. Then I met my sister in the shopping mall. She was late. I waited for her in a coffee shop ______2. she arrived. We had lunch Do a 90/60/30. Find a partner. Speak ______3. 1, and talked about our friends and family. D for 90 seconds about yesterday. In the afternoon we went to the hairdresser, then I Change partners. Talk for 60 seconds took my nephew and niece to the cinema. The movie about yesterday. 4. was quite long - we were there ______6.30. Change partners again. Talk for 30 5. ______7 we ate dinner in a restaurant. All my family seconds about yesterday. came. We stayed at the restaurant ______6. midnight - we were all really tired when we went home. E Jigsaw Gap-�ill. Partner A, turn to page 73, Partner B, turn to 75. Ask E Circle all the past tense verbs in the text. and answer questions to complete the Which are regular and which are irregular? timetables.

F Write Apsara's day on a timeline. morning afternoon evening night

Breakfast with Mum

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 9 • 30 4 Development 4.1 Developed and developing countries

A Brainstorm. What do you know about the UN, GNI and life expectancy? Do you know the phrases developed country and developing country? What do they mean?

B Read the Development text. Are the sentences true or false? If they are false, correct them. 1. Life expectancy is lower in developed 3. Bhutan uses the HDI to measure happiness. countries. 4. Some groups don't like the phrases 2. Many countries in Africa are developing 'developed' and 'developing'. countries. 5. GDH means 'gross domestic happiness'.

Development Measuring Development - HDI Developing and developed countries Every year the United Nations Developing often means 'poorer'. Usually, people in Development Program (UNDP) gives developing countries are poorer than in developed an HDI number (from 0 to 1) to every countries. They have lower life expectancies. Developing country in the world. It looks at three countries usually have worse health and education systems. things: Where are the developed and developing countries? • a long and healthy life (life expectancy) Countries in Western Europe and North America are usually • years of education called developed. A lot of countries in South America, • GNI (Gross National Income) Eastern Europe, Africa and Asia are called developing Countries with low HDI numbers are countries. 'developing countries'. Countries with People and organisations have different ideas about high HDI numbers are 'developed'. 'developed' and 'developing'. In 2000, the UN secretary- general's defi nition of developed countries was as safe, free and healthy. Some organisations use the Human Development Index (HDI) to measure development. Some people and organisations don't like the words developed and developing. Bhutan doesn't use HDI. It measures the Gross Domestic Happiness (GDH) of its people. GDH looks at the people, the culture, the environment and the government.

4.2 The HDI C 116 Listen to the information about different countries and complete the graph A Read the text called Measuring Development with the country names. - HDI again and answer the questions. HDI numbers of different countries (0-1) 1 1. What organisation gives HDI numbers to 0.9 countries? 0.8 What things does it use to measure HDI? 0.7 2. 0.6 3. Do developed countries have higher or 0.5 lower HDI numbers? 0.4 0.3 0.2 B Look at the countries in the box. What do 0.1 you know about them? Do you think they are 0 developed or developing? ______1. ____ (a) TurkeyTurkey 2. ______(b)3. ______(c)AfghanistanAfghanistan ______4. ____ (d)

Afghanistan Bangladesh Holland Turkey D Jigsaw Gap�ill. Partner A, turn to page 74, Democratic Republic of the Congo Vietnam Partner B, turn to 76.

31 • Unit 9 Student's Book Think English Elementary 5 Song: Bang Bang 5.1 You shot me down

A These verbs are in the song. What is the past simple form of these verbs?

ride wear shoot hit change grow up play sing ring say take

B Predict from Keywords. What is the E 117 Listen. Choose the best summary. song about? 1. Girl and boy played together. When they grew up, they got married. Woman shot 117 Listen and check. C man because he left her. 2. Woman and man got married. They D 117 Listen. Answer the questions. remembered their childhood games. Man 1. Who is older, the woman or the man? killed woman because she lied. 2. Who won their fights, the boy or the girl? 3. Girl shot boy and injured him. When they 3. What happened when they grew up? grew up, man shot woman because he 4. Why did bells ring and music play? was angry. 5. Why did the man leave? 4. Girl and boy played together. Boy shot girl. They grew up and got married. Man 6. Did he say goodbye? left woman, but didn't say why.

5.2 Points of view 5.3 More points of view

A You are the woman from the song. A Choose one of these people: or 1. Ethel Wildgoose (1.1 C) You are the man from the song. What happened? Tell the story from your 2. Daw Than Tin's daughter, Moe (2.3 B) point of view. 3. Apsara's sister (3.1 D)

B If you wrote from the woman's point of view, Write a paragraph about your husband, mother or sister.

thefind story. a man. If you wrote from the man's point B Compare your paragraph to others who of view, find a woman. Explain your side of wrote from the same point of view. Why did you leave me? You cooked my pet rabbit. C Peer-correct the paragraphs.

6 Phrasebook: Money 6.1 Currencies

A What currencies do people use in these C What information is in this table? countries? Exchange Rates 10/05/12 1. Myanmar 5. Europe USD THB MMK 2. Thailand 6. China 1 31.8 810 3. India 7. Japan .03 1 25.5 4. The USA 8. The UK B What other currencies do you know? D Write sentences about the table. The exchange rate is 810MMK to the dollar.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 9 • 32 6.2 Changing money d. Hi. Can c. I help you?

Yes, we do. e. That's ______. b. 6.3 Changing money in Myanmar a. A 119 Listen. What's the problem?

A Look at the pictures. What is happening? B 119 Listen again and answer the questions. 1. What is today's exchange rate? B Match the sentences and the speech bubbles. 2. How many kyat is 300 dollars today? 1. What's the exchange rate for ringgit 3. How many kyat was 300 dollars to baht? yesterday? 2. Hi. Do you change Malaysian ringgit? 3. 10.06 baht to the ringgit. C How does Jessica ask for the exchange rate? How did the customer ask for this in 6.2? 4. Here's 1000 baht, Roleplay. Partner A is a customer, Partner B What amount and currency is ? D C e is a money changer. Use different amounts, currencies and exchange rates. D 118 Listen, check and repeat.

7 Learning Strategies: Study skills

7.1 Making notes Monday 25 September developed: A How often do you take notes in English class? Where do you write them? developing: life expectancy: B Sohka is an English language learner from Human Development Index (HDI) - safe free healthy Cambodia. He writes in a notebook. Look at Gross Domestic Happiness (GDH) - Bhutan people, this section of his notebook, and identify: culture, environment 1. Sokha's opinion of the lesson Difficult lesson today. Interesting. Development very 2. grammar notes important subject. No time to answer all questions. Homework. a mind-map 3. developed - Australia? Japan, Europe (not Eastern 4. vocabulary notes Europe), Singapore 5. the date developing - China? Bangladesh, Myanmar, 6. notes about the topic Cambodia, Russia poor - poorer bad - worse good - better C Sohka's notes are from Unit 9, Section 4. What developed - more developed would you put in a notebook about this lesson? -er -ier - more 7.2 Mind maps schools education hospitals health development A What is this? What does it do? doctors

In pairs or groups, add words. kyat save B verbs buy currency C Choose another topic or language point from baht money Unit 9, and make a mind-map about it. dollar borrow sell spend

33 • Unit 9 Student's Book Think English Elementary Unit 9 Practice

A Asrune's B Answer the questions. day. Fill the 1. Where were Asrune and Steve yesterday? gaps with the 2. What animals did they see? correct form 3. Can Steve swim? of the verbs. 4. What colour were the tigers? 5. How did Asrune help Steve? be do go 6. How was Steve after this? throw do do 7. Why is Steve lucky? happen be be be think be be C Look at Su Su's timetable for last jump fight run do happen week and complete the sentences.

1. Ma Hla: What did you ______yesterday? Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday I had a very interesting day. take sister take sister go to Asrune: Morn study to school to school market Ma Hla: What ______2. ? go to 3. Aft study swimming volleyball Asrune: Steve and I ______to the river. We library stopped for lunch. Then there was visit meet movie with Eve exam a loud noise… uncle friends Mi Mi Ma Hla: ______4. there a crocodile in the 1. On Thursday morning, she took her river? sister to school. Not a crocodile, but an elephant Asrune: 2. On Thursday afternoon, she ______5. out of the jungle with 3. On Thursday evening, she ______two large tigers. One tiger ______6. 4. On Friday ______took her sister to school. yellow, and the second tiger ______7. white. 5. On Friday afternoon, ______had an exam. Ma Hla: Wow! What ______8. next? 6. ______went to a movie with Mi Mi. Asrune: The elephant ______9. Steve into the 7. river. He can't swim... 8. On Sunday afternoon, ______Ma Hla: What ______10. the tigers ______11. ? 9. ______went swimming. Asrune: They ______12. into the river. I 10. On Saturday morning, ______13. ______Steve was tiger food. D Write the questions. I jumped in and ______14. the elephants and tiger. Luckily, they 1. What did she do on Thursday ______15. afraid of me, and ran away morning? She took her sister to school. Ma Hla: Is Steve OK? 2. To borrow some books. Asrune: Oh, he ______16. a little upset at the time, but he 3. Her uncle. ______17. 4. She had an exam. now. 5. Maths. fine Ma Hla: He's lucky 6. On Saturday morning. to have a 7. She bought a new shirt. girlfriend 8. With Mi Mi. like you! 9. 'Rambo 6'.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 9 • 34 E It's now 7.30pm. Put these events in G at or until? time order, from past to present. 1. It was a very long meeting. It started at a. This afternoon I went to the shops. 8am, and people talked ______11pm. b. Last night I ate chicken curry. 2. ______12, we went out for lunch. c. This morning I got up late. 3. We stayed in the restaurant ______3pm. d. Last week I visited some friends. 4. We didn't want to go back to the meeting, but ______2.45 the boss came to the e. I'm busy at the moment. Don't talk to me. restaurant and shouted at us. F Read the information. Then fill the 5. I arrived home ______11.20pm. gaps with before, after or when. H Put the information from G on a Saw Day woke up. First, he checked his timeline. emails. • meeting Second, he sat down and drank some starts coffee. At that moment the telephone rang • and he spoke to his friend. 8am Third, he went to his friends house. I Classify the verbs into /t/, /d/, /ɪd/ or He helped his friend move some heavy irregular endings in the past simple. • furniture. happen do go want like decide Fourth, his friend took him to a teashop. start listen buy think finish die have They drank beer and watched TV. be play work take wash eat watch • Saw Day usually has coffee before he checks his email. Today, he checked his emails /t/ /d/ /ɪd/ irregular ______1. he made coffee. He made a coffee liked and sat down. ______2. he sat down, the phone rang. It was his friend Salai. Salai needed help. He needed to move some heavy J Crossword. furniture. ______3. his coffee and a shower, Across Down Saw Day went to Salai's house. They moved 1. You like hearing this 1. It rules the country. the furniture. ______4. information. 2. Point of view. to a teashop. ______5. they left the teashop, 6. Today's exchange rate 3. We need to protect they finished, they went they went to a bar and had some beers. ____ 850 kyat to the the ____. dollar. 4. Soldiers ____ people 7. The kitchen is very with guns. ____. I washed the 5. You do this on a 1 2 3 4 dishes this morning. bicycle. 5 8. 9. Yesterday there was ____ accident on the 6 road. Five people 7 died. 8 9 10. 12. I want to ____ my exams. 10 14. Speak with people. 11 11. Not a woman. 15. People sometimes 12 13 14 13. Last night I ____ my ____ when they are friend for dinner. unhappy. 15 15. the ____ . You watch films at 16 16. He was ____ when his dog died.

35 • Unit 9 Student's Book Think English Elementary K Look at the wordlist and answer the L Translate these into your language. questions. 1. He went to Yangon last month, 1. How many jobs are there? List them. 2. I didn't like the curry. 2. How may places are there? List them 3. When did U Thant die? 3. How many people (not jobs) are there? 4. I made lunch before I went out. List them. 5. We waited until 9pm, but he didn't come. 4. How many dangerous verbs are there? 6. What's the exchange rate for dollars to List them. kyat?

M Tick the words and phrases you know. Write definitions, examples and/or translations for the words and phrases you find difficult. accident (n) (v) music (n) amount (n) (n) navy (n) attend (v) fight(n) opinion (n) awful (adj) funeralfilm (n) point of view (n) bad news (n) firegive birth (v) ring (v) bean (n) go out (v) rule (v) bell (n) good news (n) safe (adj) birth (n) good time (n) [bean] seller (n) ceremony (n) government (n) send (v) clean (v, adj) growth (n) shoot (v) coffee shop (n) guitar (n) sing (v) cry (v) hairdresser (n) spend (v) culture (n) happiness (n) story (n) currency (n) health (n) survivor (n) customer (n) hit (v) system (n) cycle (v) join (v) town (n) decide (v) kill (v) toy (n) declare (v) laugh (v) trishaw (n) defeat (v) leave (v) upset (adj) (n) lie (n, v) useful (adj) developed (adj) malaria (n) viss (n) dormitorydefinition (n) mall (n) war (n) environment (n) measure (v) wash (v) exchange rate (n) midnight (n) weekend (n) face (n) money changer (n) win (v)

N Can you do these things? Tick the correct column. a little OK well I can talk about the past. I can ask and answer about past events. I can pronounce past simple verb endings. I can talk about when something happened. I can put things in order of when they happened. I can discuss issues in development. I can identify different points of view. I can change money. I can make notes in class to help me remember a lesson. I can use mind-maps.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 9 • 36 Humans and Nature S���������: SUPERLATIVES - HAVE/HAS GOT - ’S - CONJUNCTIONS - SIMILAR VOWELS T����� ��� F��������: GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES - THE ENVIRONMENT - HEALTH - 10 SUGGESTING - INVITING S�����: CAUSE AND EFFECT - FORMAL/INFORMAL WRITING - LANGUAGE LEARNING 1 Geography 1.1 Geographical features

A Find the geographical features on the picture. 1. bridge 5. tunnel 9. desert 12. lake 2. river 6. mountain 10. sea / ocean 13. railway 3. fi eld 7. forest 11. highway / 4. valley 8. hill motorway

i. c. e. f. g. k. j. d. a. m. b. l.

h.

B Are these sentences true for you? If false, C 120 Listen and repeat. correct them. 120 Listen and answer. 1. There's a mountain near here. D 2. The sea is about 20 kms from here. E In pairs, discuss the other features. 3. A railway goes through here. 4. This place is in a valley. Is there a long bridge Yes, there's one 5. A desert is 500 kms from here. near here? about 20 km 6. There's a large lake near here. from here. 7. People are building a dam near here. F Which of these are made by humans, and which are natural? Classify them.

37 • Unit 10 Student's Book Think English Elementary 1.2 Natural geography a. Everest b. The Nile

A Match these geographical features and sunny adjectives. big 1. mountain 3. desert long 2. ocean 4. river high

B Match the geographical features in A with the pictures.

Use the information in A and B to complete the C d. The Pacifi c sentences. c. The Sahara 1. ______is the sunniest place on Earth D Make sentences about other places. 2. ______is the highest mountain on Earth. 1. Antarctica / cold / continent 3. ______is the longest river on Earth. 2. Hawaii / wet / place 4. ______is the biggest ocean on Earth. 3. Libya / hot / country The Amazon / big / rainforest Grammar Focus - superlative adjectives 4. We use superlative adjectives to compare E Look at the animals below. Why do you think things to the whole group. they are special? Make sentences about them 1. Fill the gaps with the correct form of long. using these adjectives: loud, large, fast, tall. There are a lot of ____ rivers but this one is ___ Were you correct? Check with the teacher. than all other rivers. It is the ____ river. 1. giraffe 2. Complete the spelling rules. a. Most one-syllable adjectives: add ____ or ____ to make the superlative. 2. cheetah b. If it ends in consonant-vowel-consonant, 3. blue whale double the consonant: sad becomes the ____. c. Two-syllable adjectives ending in y: remove the y and add ____.

1.3 Human geography

A Quiz. Work in groups. Answer the questions. B Answer the questions about your home town. 1. What country is the world's longest bridge in? 1. What is the most beautiful building? 2. Where is the world's tallest building? 2. What is the most popular tea shop? 3. What city is the most populated? 3. What is the best place to visit? 4. What city is the most polluted? 4. What is the least expensive market? 5. What is the largest country in the world? C Ask your partner the questions in B. For each Grammar Focus - superlative question, also ask your partner why. adjectives spelling rules 2 D Think of your favourite experience. Why was it a. Adjectives with two or more syllables: add good? Make notes about it. Use superlatives. ____ or the least in front of the adjective. b. Some adjectives are irregular: ____ and When I was 12 I went to Taunggyi. It's the ____ become best and worst. most beautiful place in Myanmar because… E Tell a partner about your favourite experience. F Tell the class or a group about your partner's favourite experience.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 10 • 38 2. Water 2.1 Lake Baikal A easy to see through (glass, for example) Match1. biodiverse the words (adj) with their definitions.a. 2. clear (adj) b. being a long way down (the sea, for example) 3. deep (adj) c. having lots of species in it

B Read the text and complete the table.

Lake Baikal is in Siberia, southern Russia. It is very important to science. Here are some facts about it. • Lake Baikal is 30 million years old. It is the oldest lake in the world. • It is 1,642 metres (5,387 feet) deep. It is the deepest lake in the world. • It is the largest lake in the world. It contains 26,000 km3 of water. • It is perhaps the clearest lake in the world. • It is very biodiverse. There are Lake Baikal 2,600 types of plants and animals Location: Siberia, Russia there. Age: Size: C Research and write about an Depth: interesting or beautiful place near Biodiversity: you. Use three or more superlatives.

2.2 Water and humans

C These words and phrases are in the texts. Which do you think are in the Sea Pollution text, and which are in Over-fishing? Put them in the table.

fi shing boats poison agriculture extinct net plastic breed industry make a profi t oil and gas

Sea Pollution Over-fi shing

A How do humans use water? Brainstorm a class list. travel by boat and ship swimming B You are going to read a text about sea pollution or over-fishing. What do you know about these topics?

39 • Unit 10 Student's Book Think English Elementary D Work in pairs. Partner A, read text A. Partner B, read text B. Check your words from C.

A. Over-fishing B. Sea Pollution “Fisheries production is decreasing all over the The biggest polluter in Myanmar's seas world because of overfishing" says U Han Tun is oil and gas companies. The Andaman from the Myanmar Fisheries Federation (MFF). Sea and the Bay of Bengal have a lot of U Han Tun wants better education for fishers. oil under the sea. Businesses drill under They need to know about the three main problems the sea to get the oil and gas. This puts with over-fishing: a lot of poisons into the sea. Sometimes • Fish populations can't grow, because fishers oil spills into the sea. This kills fish and catch all of them. sea birds. • Net size. Some nets catch young, small fish. Another problem is waste. Waste from Fish need time to grow and breed. agriculture, industry and towns and • A lot of fish species are becoming extinct. cities flows into the sea. This waste can Overfishing is a problem for small fishers. There kill plants and animals. Plastic waste aren't a lot of fish, so they can't feed their familes. is also becoming a big problem. Plastic Large fishing companies can't make a profit. Prices stays in the sea for a very long time and increase so people can't afford to eat fish. Everyone, in the sea it becomes a poison. It kills human and fish, loses. fish and other sea animals.

E Teach Each Other. Explain your text to your F Ask your partner these questions. partner. Use any language.

Partner A's questions Partner B's questions 1. Why is overfi shing bad for large 1. Why do oil and gas companies companies? drill under the sea? 2. What does U Han Tun suggest 2. What happens when oil spills as a solution? into the sea? 3. Why not catch young, small fi sh? 3. Why is plastic a big problem?

2.3 Cause and effect

A prices increase using information from the text. Complete the over-fishing cause and effect web 2. fi shers catch a fi sh numbers 1. lot of fi sh decrease

3. fi shers some fi sh species can't feed become extinct families

Put this information in the web: B In groups, make a cause and effect web using the text. Use the information in the text – fi shers can't catch fi sh Sea Pollution and your own ideas. Think about the effects on – large companies can't make money human health and our food supply. – people don't buy fi sh humans drill human waste for oil and gas fl ows into sea

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 10 • 40 3 Have you got...? 3.1 I haven't got any money, but I've got a job interview

A 121 Listen to the conversation. Are these statements true or false? 1. Khin Zaw wants to eat pizza. 2. Jessica has lots of money. 3. Jessica has a job interview tomorrow. 4. She has an English teaching qualifi cation. 5. She wants to teach. 6. Jessica thinks Yangon is expensive.

B 121 Listen. Write the phrases that mean the C Match the questions and the answers. same as: 1. Have you got any pets? 1. I have... 2. Have you got a bicycle? 2. I don't have... 3. Have you got a busy day tomorrow? 3. Do you have...? 4. Have you got a teaching qualifi cation? Grammar Focus - have got 5. Have you got an aeroplane? In British English, we often use have got to a. Yes, I have. I've got three meetings in the talk about possession. It means the same as morning. have. We only use it in informal situations. b. No, I haven't, but I want to get one one day. We usually use short forms: haven't, hasn't, c. Yes, I have. I've got two cats and a rabbit. we've, Aye Mon's, etc. d. Of course not. Fill the gaps. e. No, I haven't. I don't like cycling. 1. I've ______a car. Tom______got a bike. 2. ______you got a car? D 122 Listen, check and repeat. 3. No, I ______. / ______, I have. E

Ask and answer the questions in pairs. 3.2 They've got a fat baby

A Look back at Unit 10 so far. Are these C Make true sentences using the correct form sentences true or false? If false, correct them. of have got. 1. Jessica hasn't got any money. 1. The teacher ______brown hair. 2. Khin Zaw hasn't got any money. 2. My parents ______a farm. 3. Jessica's got a job interview tomorrow. 3. I ______a friend called Chaw Su. 4. U Han Tun hasn't got a job. 4. My best friend ______a job. 5. The Bay of Bengal hasn't got any oil. 5. Kyaw Ko and Si Si ______a fat baby. 6. The Andaman Sea's got a lot of oil. D Fill the gaps to make questions. 7. Lake Baikal's got a lot of diff erent plants and animals. 1. ______you got any brother and sisters? 8. Giraff es have got short necks. 2. ______your parents got a car? 3. ______your father got a moustache? Write phrases that mean the same as: B 4. ______Hillary Clinton got a moustache? 1. He has... 5. ______your friends got any children? 2. She doesn't have... Ask and answer the questions. Does it have...? E 3. Yes, they have. No, he hasn't. No, I haven't. Yes, she has.

41 • Unit 10 Student's Book Think English Elementary 3.3 Seven billion people

A What's the world's population now? Is it increasing or decreasing? How long do people live?

B The text below is written informally. Change the informal language into formal English.

Planet Earth's population is huge. It was 6.9 billion in 2011 and now it's 7 billion. There are 1 billion people in Africa, 900 million in North C Discuss in groups. and South America and 750 million in Europe. Asia's got the largest Why do people live population - over 4 billion people. 1. longer now? This is the highest number of people in human history. In 1900 there 2. What wars were there were 1.7 billion people, and the average person's life expectancy was in the 20th century? just 31 years. Now, there's better medicine, and better farming and What happened in technology, so the average person's life expectancy is 67.2. 3. Stalin's Russia and Wars killed millions of people in the 20th century - maybe up to 100 Mao's China? million. Governments like Stalin's Russia and Mao's China killed even 4. Why is the population more - perhaps 200 million - but the population of Earth increased decreasing in some faster than before. parts of the world? The Earth's population reached 7 billion in October 2011. Some 5. What is Russia's people think it's a problem, but family sizes are decreasing in many problem now? countries around the world. Russia's got a population problem. Not many Russian people are having children and its population is falling.

3.4 Pronouncing ’s again

A 123 Listen. What does ’s mean in each sentence - has, is or possession?

B 123 Listen and repeat. Are there any differences in the pronunciation of is, has and possessive ’s?

C What's in your bag? Tell your partner. Use I've got… Three's a lie. Your husband hasn't got D Tell another person what's in your partner's bag. Use S/he's got… a pink Honda.

E Do Two Truths, One Lie. One, my mother's got a cousin called Elizabeth. Two, I've got a baby girl. She's three months old. Three, my husband's got a pink Honda motorbike. 4 Health: Eating and smoking 4.1 Eating good food

Grammar Focus - conjunctions and and or Look at the sentences and complete the grammar rules for and and or. I like rice and fried eggs for breakfast. I drink tea or coffee every morning. This morning I was very thirsty. I drank some coffee and some tea. I don't like coffee mix or tea mix. I buy food near 50th Street or I go to the supermarket. I don't smoke cheroots or chew betel nut. 1. We use ______to join words or phrases in a positive sentence. 2. We use ______to join words or phrases in a negative sentence. 3. We use ______to show choices. How do you say the example sentences in your language? How is it different from English?

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 10 • 42 A What food is healthy? What food is unhealthy? I like cooking healthy food for my family and / or B Read the text and choose the correct friends. In our house, we conjunctions. eat a lot of vegetables. We like meat too. We eat C Fill the gaps to make the sentences true for you. meat one and / or 1. two 1. I like ______and ______. ti mes a week. We usually 2. 2. I don't ______on Saturdays or Sundays. eat chicken and / or fi sh. They taste good and / or 3. they don't have 3. My friend ______and ______. much fat in them. We don't eat beef and / or 4. 4. Two things I hate are ______and ______. pork. I'm Hindu and / or 5. my husband is Muslim. 5. My friends don't ______or ______. My children like ice cream and / or 6. sweets. 6. My hair is ______and ______than my I don't like my children eati ng them. They are mother's hair. bad for our health and / or 7. can cause tooth Answer the questions about yourself. problems. Fruit is sweet. It is also healthy. I give D 8. Use and and or. it to my children aft er dinner and / or between meals. What bands / books / movies / do you like? 1. 9. Which do you dislike? On Sundays, we visit our friends and / or they come to our house. They always give my children 2. Where do you go for holidays? When do you lots of sweets. I don't like it. Someti mes I get go? Who do you go with? angry with them. I want them to give oranges 3. Where do you go shopping? What do you and / or 10. bananas. buy? Who do you go with? 4. When do you go out with your friends? When are you very busy? When are you not busy? 4.2 Smoking

Match the headings with the paragraphs. A a. Lots of people know smoking is bad, 1. Smoking and Young Adults and / but / so 1 some people don't know the 2. Smoking and Advertising dangers to their children. Children develop coughs because / but / so 2 they breathe smoke 3. Smoking in Diff erent Countries into their lungs. 4. The Price of Cigarettes b. Cigarettes are cheap in Myanmar 5. Smoking and Children but / so / because 3 in the UK they are very expensive. A lot of people stop smoking Grammar Focus - conjunctions 4 but, so and because but / so / because they can't afford cigarettes. Look at the sentences and complete the c. In some countries, the number of smokers is 5 grammar rules for but, so and because. decreasing but / so / because in lots of Asian countries it is increasing. Cigarette companies I smoke, but my wife doesn't smoke. always want new smokers. She hates smoking, so I smoke outside. d. In some countries, you can't advertise I want to stop smoking because it's unhealthy. cigarettes but / so / because 6 there are laws 1. We use ______to join to show difference. against it. Myanmar doesn't have these laws, 2. We use ______to show effects. but / so / because 7 companies spend lots of 3. We use ______to show causes. money advertising cigarettes. e. A lot of young people don't know the dangers of smoking and / but / so 8 a lot of young men Read the text and choose the correct B and women start smoking every day. conjunctions.

C Look at the sentences below. What do you D Complete the sentences so they are true for you. notice about because and so? 1. I am learning English because... I don't have any cigarett esso you can't have one. 2. It rains a lot in July, so... You can't have a cigarett ebecause I don't have any. 3. I like _____, but...

43 • Unit 10 Student's Book Think English Elementary 5 Pronunciation: Similar vowels 5.1 Introduction

A Say these words. Are the vowel differences clear to you? bed bad bird bored bar body butter 1. _____ 3. _____ B 124 Can you remember these sounds? 5. _____ Listen, check and repeat. /æ/ /a:/ /ɒ/ /ɔ:/ C Find them in the sentence. 2. _____ 4. _____ I walk because I haven’t got a car.

125 Listen, check and repeat. D 6. _____

E What shape is your mouth when you say them? 7. _____ Write the symbols on four of the pictures.

5.2 /e/ 5.4 /ɜ:/

A 126 Listen to /æ/ and /e/ and repeat. Write A Do you think /ɜ:/ is a long or short sound? /e/ on the correct mouth picture. B 131 Look at mouth pictures 2 and 4 and B 127 Listen and repeat. listen. /æ/ man bad sad /ɔ:/ walk board Paul /e/ men bed said /ɜ:/ work bird Pearl

C 128 Write the words, then listen and repeat. C 131 Listen again and repeat. 1. /bæg/ 5. /meni:/ D 132 Look at pictures 6 and 4. Listen and 2. /sed/ 6. /frenz/ repeat. 3. /eg/ 7. /ɪlevən/ /a:/ fast hard pass 4. /nekst/ 8. /æpəl/ /ɜ:/ first heard purse D Write a sentence using both sounds twice. E Do you have this sound in your language? 5.3 /˄/ F What are these words? Which can be more than one word? A 129 Listen and repeat. 1. /ʧз:ʧ/ 7. /ba:θ/ 13. /hæz/ /æ/ cat cap fan church 2. /wɜ:ld/ 8. /bɜ:θ/ 14. /gз:l/ /˄/ cut cup fun 3. /з:θ/ 9. /wз:nt/ 15. /gʌn/ B Label the correct mouth picture. 4. /pɜ:sən/ 10. /went/ 16. /θз:ti:n/ 5. /wз:/ 11. /wɒnt/ 17. /dз:ti:/ Read the story. C 6. /wɔ:/ 12. /hз:z/ 18. /з:li:/ My /brʌðəz mʌðə/ and father are also my 133 Listen. Which words does the speaker /mʌm/ and dad. My /mʌmz brʌðəz/ my G say incorrectly? /ʌnkəl/, and his /sʌn/ and daughter are my /kʌzənz/. When they were /yʌŋ/, they caught H Pair Dictation. Partner A, look at page 74. my fat cat and sat on it for /fʌn/, /bʌt/ it had a Partner B, look at page 76. hard head so it isn’t dead. Write three more sentences using the sounds 130 Listen, check and repeat. I D from this page.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 10 • 44 6 Suggesting and Inviting 6.1 Where do you want to eat? A Look at the picture. What are Khin Zaw and Jessica talking about?

B 134 Khin Zaw and Jessica want to have dinner together. Listen to the conversation and answer the questions. 1. Do they want want to eat pizza or grilled food? 2. Does Jessica want to eat at The Dog and Dragon Bar or 25th Street? 3. Where do they agree to eat? 4. Why is that place a good idea? 5. Why doesn't Jessica want to meet Khin Zaw at her house? D Two friends want to meet for dinner. Write their conversation. Use let's or how about. 6. What time do they decide to meet? 1. Where do you want to go? [new Thai C 134 Listen again. Fill the gaps to complete restaurant] the sentences. Let's go to the new Thai restaurant. 1. ______go to The Dog and Dragon Bar. 2. You don't like the new Thai restaurant. 2. I don't like that bar. ______25th Street? [old Thai restaurant is better] 3. Where do you want to meet? ______3. You want to meet near the restaurant. your house? 4. Your friend wants to meet at the 4. ______at 25th Street. university. 5. ______7.30? 5. You want to meet at 8.30. 6. 8.30 is late. Your friend wants to meet OK. ______at 7.30. 6. earlier. 7. For suggesting, Jessica and Khin Zaw use ______. For inviting, they use ______. E In pairs, write a conversation. You want to spend Saturday together. Decide what to do, and where and when to meet.

7 Learning Strategies: How do you learn a language? 7.1 Main learning goals

A Look back at Section 6. C Look back at 10.6, 9.5.1, 7.2 and 9.4. Which learning goal in this section? What are other section focuses on: learning goals in this section? What is the main 1. a topic? 3. a structure? 1. Deciding where to eat dinner. 2. a skill? 4. a function? 2. Making suggestions and inviting people. 3. Using let's and How about? 7.2 Learning a language 4. Predicting a conversation using a picture. A What do you need to learn a language? Make 5. Practising writing skills. a class list. 6. Practising speaking skills. vocabulary 7. Learning about diff erent restaurants. listening

What are the main learning goals of: B B sentences about the things on your list. 1. 9.5.2 and 9.5.3? How do these things fit together? Make 2. 8.5.1 and 8.5.2? You need to understand vocabulary when you listen to it.

45 • Unit 10 Student's Book Think English Elementary Unit 10 Practice A Use the information in the table to fill the gaps.

Danyang– Incheon Kanpur Bridge, Kunshan Bridge, Korea India 1. Bridge, China 18,384 metres 25,000 metres 164,800 metres long long long Mississippi Yellow River, Amazon River, 2. River, USA China Brazil 61 metres deep 80 metres deep 91 metres deep Sittwe gets Yangon gets Mandalay gets over 5 metres 3. 2.7 metres of 0.8 metres of of rain every C Look at the picture. True or false? rain every year rain every year year Correct the false sentences. There are There are There are 1. This picture is in a desert. 739,165,030 4. 1,032,532,974 3,879,000,000 people in F. It isn't in a desert. It's in a forest. people in Africa people in Asia Europe 2. There's a railway here. Shanghai to Yerba Buena Seattle tunnel, 3. There's a mountain in the river. Changxing 5. tunnel America tunnel, China, 4. There's a building in the picture. 23 meters wide 16.4 m wide 13.7 m wide 5. The bridge is in a forest.

1. The Danyang-Kushang Bridge in China 6. A road goes under the bridge. is the longest bridge. D Noot and Zarni are talking about their 2. ______is the deepest river. families. Complete the conversation 3. ______is the wettest place in ______. with the correct forms of have got. 4. ______is the most populated ______. Noot: Have you got a big family? 5. ______is the widest ______. Zarni: Well, my wife ______1. a very big family. 2. B Fill the gaps with information about She ______a lot of cousins! these animals. Use the superlative Noot: Really? How many cousins 3. forms of the adjectives in the box. ______? Zarni: I think about 23. I’ve only got three. fast long big dangerous 4. big heavy loud strong Noot: Wow. ______any children? Zarni: Yeah, I ______5. one son. And you? 1. The blue whale is the biggest animal in the world, and the ______. It is also the Noot: I ______6. any children. I’m very busy ______. at work. I ______7. time. So, how many 2. The mosquito is the ______to humans. brothers and sisters ______8. ? 3. The giraff e has the ______neck and the Zarni: I ______9. 1 brother and 1 sister. My ______nose. brother is a teacher. He ______10. two 4. The cheetah is the ______. children and my sister is single. She’s 5. The North American brown bear a journalist. What about you? is the ______animal. They can Noot: I ______11. one sister. She lives with her lift 1200 kgs. husband in Chiang Mai. They ______12. a baby daughter. E Write the questions from the text in a different way. 1. Do you have a big family?

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 10 • 46 F Read the text. Fill in the gaps with I Write the sentences in H a different and or or. way.

1. My house is near a forest and a river. I went to the doctors on Sunday because 2. I don't like fruit ______vegetables. I was sick. 3. Australia's got lots of geographical J Read the text and complete the features. It's got deserts, rivers, sentences. mountains ______an ocean. 4. What would you like to eat? Egg curry Nick is a student and a cleaner. In the mornings and afternoons he studies at ______chicken curry? university, but at night he cleans offices. 5. The Asian elephant ______the blue whale are becoming extinct. He wants to be a doctor. He's worried because he can't study at night, and the 6. We do you want to eat for dinner? We've exams are difficult. got tomatoes, onions ______eggs. He works hard because he needs money. G Cause or effect? Nick's parents are divorced so his mother looks after 4 children. She works in a shop. 1. so I went to the doctor. effect She only gets a small salary. Nick wants to 2. because it's cheaper than the hospital. help his mum. 3. because I was better. He doesn't get much money but he's happy. 4. so I didn't go to work. He likes helping his mum, but he wants more time to study. H Match these with the causes and effects in G, and put them in order. 1. Nick can't study at night because... 2. He needs money so... I was sick on Sunday... 3. His mother's single so... I bought medicine at a pharmacy... 4. He wants to help his mother because... I was tired yesterday... 5. He wants to study at night but... I went to work today...

I was sick on Sunday so I went to the K Crossword doctors. Across Down 1. Farming. 2. The study of land 1 2 3 4. The business made and land use. 4 a lot of ____ this 3. Say false things. month. 4 5 6 4. I have a ____ dog. He 5. The name of this sleeps on my bed. planet. 6. Motorway. 7 8 9. ____ in the sea causes 7. Fishers use this. problems for sea A large place with a 9 10 8. animals. lot of trees. 10. Myo Win is sick. He 11. Sugar tastes ____ . 11 has a ____. 14. He opened the ____ 12. The lake is deep. and walked into the 12 13 14 It's a long ____ room. 15 down. 15. 13. Making things in factories. 16 16. What was your worst ____ in primary school?

47 • Unit 10 Student's Book Think English Elementary L Translate these into your language. 4. My sister's got the longest hair. 5. Let's go to the park. 1. I live in a valley. 6. The Earth's population is increasing. 2. They're building a dam near here. 7. I want to come, but I'm very busy. 3. The Sahara is the sunniest desert on Earth. 8. She works hard so she can save money. 9. How about the teashop on 32nd Street?

M Tick the words and phrases you know. Write definitions, examples and/or translations for the words and phrases you find difficult. action movies (n) geography (n) of course not agriculture (n) giraffe (n) pet (n) apply (v) grilled (adj) poison (n) biodiversity (n) heavy (adj) polluted (adj) breed (v) highway (n) price (n) bridge (n) hill (n) production (n) (n) how about (n) cheetah (n) huge (adj) (n) coughcertificate (n, v) human (n, adj) railwayprofit (n) dam (n) industry (n) rainforestqualification (n) deep (adj) invite (v) reach (v) depth (n) [job] interview (n) research (n) desert (n) just (adv) skill (n) drill (v) lake (n) species (n) Earth (n) least (adv) structure (n) experience (n) let’s (v) suggest (v) extinct (adj) loud (adj) sweet (food) fall (decrease) (v) lung (n) taste (n, v) fancy (v) motorway (n) topic (n) feature (n) moustache (n) up to (adv) (n) MP (n) valley (n) (n) nature (n) waste (n,v) forestfield (n) net (n) way (n) functionfisher (n) ocean (n) whale (n) gas (n) of course wide (adj)

N Can you do these things? Tick the correct column. a little OK well I can talk about natural and human geographical features. I can understand and use measurements. I can understand and use superlative adjectives. I can read and use cause and effect webs. I can talk about what people have and haven't got. I can use ’s for possession, has or is. I can identify and pronounce most vowel sounds. I can use conjunctions to join sentences. I can arrange meetings and suggest times or places. I can identify learning goals in an exercise. I can describe how structures, functions, skills and topics are important in language learning.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 10 • 48 Travel and Tourism S���������: PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT - GOING TO - HAVE TO - PUNCTUATION T����� ��� F��������: TRANSPORT - DIRECTIONS - TOURISM - CHECKING IN AND OUT 11 S�����: GETTING TO PLACES - FACTS AND OPINIONS - CORRECTING WRITTEN WORK

1. Around the city 1.1 Transport and directions

A What ways of travelling do you know? Make a class list.

B Unjumble the transport words, then put them in the gaps on the map. 1. a rac krap 3. an trorpia 5. a pish 7. a axit 2. a subionstat 4. a nilerac 6. a trop 8. a wartshi 1.

4. 2. a. ______3.

b. ______

c. ______d. ______k. ______j. ______n. ______

m. ______h. ______

e. ______

g. ______

f. ______

i. ______l. ______

C 135 Listen. Fill the other gaps on the map. E Look at the compass above and label the points north, east, south and west. D 135 Listen. Answer the questions. Answer the questions about the picture in A. 1. Where is it? F 2. Why is it diffi cult to get there? 1. Where is the river, in the north or the south? 3. Where is the airport? 2. Where is the car park, in the east or the west? 4. Can you travel by train from the town? 3. Where is the train station, in the east or the west? 5. How often do the buses go to Yangon? 6. How often do planes go to Yangon?

49 • Unit 11 Student's Book Think English Elementary 1.2 Directions

A Match the directions with the pictures. 1. turn left 11 2. turn right 3. go straight a. b. c. d. e. f. g. 4. it's on the left 5. it's on the right Church 6. take the fi rst left 7. take the second right

Clinic B In pairs, point and say with the pictures in A. YOU ARE HERE C 136 Listen to the three conversations. Follow the directions. What are the places?

MyanMart In pairs, give and follow directions on the D Golden rain map. Choose a starting point and an ending Travel point. Tell your partner how to get there. Agents

1.3 How do you get around? 1.4 How do I get to your house?

A 137 Paul's wife and son are coming to A How do you get from here to your place of Myanmar. Paul wants to meet them at the work/study/house? Make notes. airport. Listen and answer the questions. Read this email and choose the best summary. 1. What types of transport do they talk about? B 2. Does Paul decide to take a bus or taxi? Why? Hi Ineke, My house is in Insein. You can take a train, 137 Listen. Order the conversation. B bus or taxi. The taxi is expensive - about Khin Zaw: When do your wife and son arrive? 3000 kyat - and the train takes two hours, so I Paul: Today. Their plane gets in at 3 o'clock. recommend the bus. How do I get to the airport from here? You can get a number 48. It leaves from Sule and goes up Insein Road. After about 45 1. It's the number 231. minutes, get off at the park. Go right down Min 2. Which bus is it? Gyi Road and take the third left. Go straight 3. About an hour and a half. and take the fi rst left. My house is on the left - 4. Oh. A taxi is easier and quicker. How it's blue and it's number 9. much is a taxi? Lessons are 8000 K per hour. I recommend 5. How much is it? you get a Myanmar/English dictionary. 6. Where does it leave from? I look forward to meeting you. 7. About 4 or 5000 kyat. See you soon, 8. 200 kyat. Naw Paw Moo 9. You can take a bus or a taxi. 10. How long does it take? a. Ineke is starting Myanmar lessons at Paw 11. The bus stop on Mahabandoola Garden Moo's house. She doesn't know the way. Street. b. Ineke is studying Myanmar. She wants to know the price for the lessons. 137 Listen and repeat. C c. Paw Moo and Ineke want to meet to discuss D directions to Insein township. C Draw a map from Insein Road to the house. Which1. bus questions fare? can you ask3. toleaving find out place? the: 2. arrival time? 4. trip length? D Write an email or letter giving detailed directions to your house. Include a map.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 11 • 50 2 Planning travel 2.1 Visiting Myanmar

A Do tourists visit your place? Where do tourists go in Myanmar? What things do they do?

B Work in pairs. Some foreign friends are visiting Myanmar. Recommend some places they can go, and some things they can do.

Go to Pathein. You can Bhutan buy pots and see turtles. Go to Myitkyina. You can swim in the rivers. Myitkyina gladesh ka MYANMAR 2.2 We're going to fl y to Bagan Mandalay Lashio Bagan A 138 Paul's family is visiting Myanmar. Listen Mrauk-U Meiktila Taunggyi and circle the towns and cities on the map. Sittwe Inle Lake Naypyidaw B Fill the gaps with verbs from the box. L Pyay Toungoo Ngapali Beach stay rent get fl y meet take Bago Vientiane Yangon Pathein 1. We're going to ______to Bagan. Mawlamyine 2. We're going to ______bicycles. 3. We're going to ______a boat to Mandalay. Thailand

4. We're going to ______in a hotel on Dawei the lake. Bangko 5. Khin Zaw is going to ______us there. 6. We're going to ______the train to Mawlamyine. Ph

C 138 Listen and check.

D Are these sentences true or false? If false, write Grammar Focus - the future with going to true sentences. We use subject + be + going to + verb to talk 1. Paul and Lisa are going to fl y to Bagan. about future plans. Complete the examples. 2. They're going to take the train to 1. I ______study tonight. Mandalay. 2. You / we / they ______play badminton today. 3. Khin Zaw's going to meet them in Sittwe. 3. He / she / it ______eat fi sh for dinner. 4. Lisa's going to relax on the beach. 5. Tomorrow I'm going to study Chinese. E What are you going to do tomorrow? 6. On Wednesday, I'm going to clean the Tell a partner. house. 7. Tomorrow I'm going to ride a bicycle. I'm going to wake up late and lie in bed. 8. Next year, I'm going to live in Yangon. Then I'm going to check email. 9. At the weekend, I'm going to do my homework. F What's your partner going to do tomorrow? 10. Next year, I'm going to work in an offi ce. Tell the class.

Aung Kyaw's going to wake up late, and lie in bed. Then he's going to check email.

51 • Unit 11 Student's Book Think English Elementary 2.3 I'm not going to clean rooms

A Why do people move to different countries? List the reasons.

I'm Consuela and this is my husband, Danny. We're going to work in Dubai. I've got a job as a cleaner. He's going to work on a building site. We're not going to spend any money there. Our accomodation and food is free, so we can save all our wages. We're going to stay three years, and after that we're going to come home to the Philippines with lots of money. Then we're going to open a small guesthouse. I'm not going to clean the rooms! I'm going to be the manager. I'm studying hotel management by distance. I'm not going to be poor all my life. I'm going to be a sucessful businesswoman.

Grammar Focus - going to in negative sentences B Put Consuela's activities in order. To make sentences negative we add not before going a. Go to Dubai to. Look at the rule and make sentences with the verbs. b. Open a guesthouse subject + be + not + going to + verb + rest of sentence 1. I ____ do the dishes. 3. We ____ learn English. c. Not be poor 2. He ____ help you. 4. They ____ watch TV. d. Come home with lots of money e. Study hotel management E Fill the gaps with the correct form of going to f. Not spend money to make the sentences true. C Answer the questions. 1. Consuela and Danny ______work in Myanmar. 1. Where are Consuela and Danny from? 2. Danny ______work in a hotel. 2. Are they rich? 3. They ______open a restaurant. 3. What is studying by distance? F Close your books. In pairs, write down D Do a Substitution Drill. everything you can remember about Consuela's plans.

2.4 Your future plans

A Are these statements true for you? If not, change them. 1. I'm going to cook fi sh tonight. 5. My friends are going to organise a party 2. I'm going to have breakfast in a teashop next week. tomorrow. 6. I'm going to move house next month. 3. I'm going to hang out with my friends next 7. My teacher's going to take a holiday next weekend. month. 4. This English course is going to fi nish soon. 8. I'm going to be a student next year.

B Are you going to use any of these things tomorrow? Make true sentences with going to or not going to.

I'm not going to sleep under a newspaper. I'm going to eat some bananas.

C Tell a partner. D Do Two Truths One Lie.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 11 • 52 2.5 What are you going to do?

A Khin Zaw is taking Paul's family around Rakhine State. Complete the questions. 1. ______Paul going to do? He's going to look at temples. 2. ______Wayne going to eat? Fish. 3. ______Lisa going to read her book? On the beach. 4. ______Khin Zaw going to see? His family.

B Answer the questions. 1. Is Wayne going to drive a car? 3. Are you going to eat chicken tonight? 2. Are they going to visit Mrauk-U? 4. Is your teacher going to teach tomorrow?

Grammar Focus - questions with going to

yes/no questions: wh questions: be + subject + going to + verb + rest of sentence 3. Circle the correct word to complete the 1. Order the questions. sentence. We add a wh word before/after the verb to be to a. you / are / take / going to / the bus form wh questions with going to. b. Michael / going to / visit / Myanmar / this month / is 4. Fill the gaps with the correct form of be and c. going to / move / to Pyin Oo Lwin / are / the base verb. Kyi Min Han and his wife a. Where ____ you going to ____ on holiday? (go) 2. Match these answers with the questions. b. Who ____ they going to ____ tonight? (meet) i. Yes, they are ii. No, I'm not iii. No, he isn't. c. When ____ Joe going to ____ his studies? (fi nish)

C In pairs, ask and answer questions from 2.4. D Do Swap Questions. Write your own question.

3. Tourism Dear Madam/Sir, I want to visit Cambodia with my daughter for a week. 3.1 Rules for tourists 1. Do I have to get a visa? 2. Where do I have to get it? A Amit wants to visit Cambodia. He emails 3. Does my daughter have to get a visa? She is 10. immigration asking about the rules. 4. Do I have to stay in a hotel, or can I stay with my Complete the sentences. friends? Yours sincerely, Amit wants to visit Cambodia with ______for a Amit Reddy ______. He wants to stay with ______. B He rings them, and gets these answers. Grammar Focus - have to Match Amit's questions with the We use have to to talk about obligation. Fill the gaps. answers. i. Positive sentences use have/has to + base. a. You don't have to stay in a hotel. You ____ go now. He ____ clean his house. You can stay with friends. ii. Negative ones use don't/doesn't + have to + base. b. Yes, she has to get a separate visa. I ____ eat this. She ____ work at night. c. Yes, you do. It costs 30 USD. iii. Questions use do/does + subject = have to + base. Where ____ we ____ sit? ____ Su Su ____ come here? d. You can get one at the airport on iv. Short answers use do/does/don't/doesn't. arrival. Do they have to study tonight? Yes, they ___. 139 Does Bo Bo have to leave? No, he ____. C Listen, check and repeat.

53 • Unit 11 Student's Book Think English Elementary D Do tourists have to get a visa to visit E Can they stay with their friends. or do they Myanmar? have to stay in a hotel? 3.2 Come to Bhutan

A What do you know about Bhutan? VISITING BHUTAN B Are these statements true or false? Predict. Bhutan is a lovely land, with happy people, a beautiful You have to pay 200 USD per night to 1. environment and an ancient go to Bhutan. culture. Bhutanese people 2. You have to get a visa through a tour want to protect their company. traditions, culture and 3. Bhutan has a lot of Buddhist people. environment. 4. You can't ride a bicycle in Bhutan. Only a small number of 5. Myanmar people can't enter Bhutan tourists come to Bhutan. by land. The Bhutanese don't want a lot of tourists because 6. You can see a lot of birds there. they want to protect their land and culture. When you come here, you can understand why. You can't C Read the tourist brochure. Were you correct? come as an independent tourist or a backpacker, so you have to have to join a group tour. The tour D What do these mean? company has to arrange your visa. You have to fl y into Bhutan. Only Indian people can enter by land. 1. an independent tourist 2. a backpacker The lowest price is 200 USD per night. This price covers hotels, 3. a visa food and transport. There are a 4. to enter by land lot of tours you can take: 5. an ancient temple Nature tours - Bhutan has a lot 6. a cycling tour of beautiful birds and trees. 7. a group tour Cultural tours - See Bhutan's 8. to protect your land and culture ancient Buddhist temples and E Bhutan limits tourism. Tourists have to pay 200 interesting festivals. dollars per night, so most people can't afford Cycling and walking to go there. What are the advantages and tours - Go into the disadvantages of this? mountains and see traditional villages and advantages disadvantages nature. Protect the environment Dragon Tours Bhutan can help you visit our wonderful country. F What do you think? Is this useful for Myanmar? Do you want a lot of tourists to visit Myanmar? See our website: www.visitbhutantours.com for more information. 3.3 Fact or opinion? A Which statements are facts? B Which statements are opinions? opinions about Myanmar. Work in groups. Write five facts and five 1. Bhutan is a beautiful country. facts opinions 2. The Bhutanese people are happy. Myanmar's got Myanmar's a 3. You can't visit Bhutan as an independent different ethnic beautiful country. tourist so you have to join a tour. groups. 4. Bhutan's got some interesting festivals. 5. Visiting Bhutan is expensive. C Give them to another group. Can they identify 6. You can walk in the mountains. the facts and opinions?

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 11 • 54 4. Movement 4.1 Across Mrauk-U

A Match the prepositions of movement with the pictures.

A pagoda at Mrauk-U 1. through 6. out of Mrauk-U from Shwetaung pagoda 2. over 7. into 3. up 8. past a. b. c. d. e. 4. down 9. along 5. across 10. from... to

f. g. h. i. j. B 140 Listen to Khin Zaw telling Paul how to get to Koe Nawin Pagoda in Mrauk-U. Order these actions.

a. b. c. d. e.

f. g. h. i. j.

C 140 Listen and repeat. D Disappearing Paragraph.

4.2 Across Myanmar by road Do

A Do you travel a lot in Myanmar? Where do you go? How often? How do you travel? Tell your partner.

B The map shows four international highways in Myanmar. Complete the sentences. 1. Asia Highway 1 (AH1) goes from India to ______(country). 2. AH2 starts in Meiktila, goes through ______(city), ______(city) and ______(city) to ______(country). 3. AH3 starts at Kyaing Tong and goes upbinto ______(country). C Write a statement about AH14. Use prepositions of movement.

D How do you get from your home town to Yangon? Mandalay? Kalaymyo? Myitkyina? Dawei? Sittwe? Tell your partner.

55 • Unit 11 Student's Book Think English Elementary 5 Tourism in Myanmar 5.1 Punctuation: Sentences

A many sentences are there? Read this text. Is it easy or difficult to read? How the number of tourists to Myanmar is increasing there were 271,500 tourists in January 2010 and 343,000 in January 2011 many foreign visitors come to Myanmar because they want to visit the temples and learn about the history of this beautiful country 5.2 Capital letters A We also use capital letters for proper nouns. Grammar Focus - punctuation What is a proper noun? What are some examples of proper nouns? Make a list. We use capital letters, full stops and question marks to make sentences easier to read. B Read the sentences. Write correct capital letters Complete the rules for capitals, full stops and full stops/question marks. and question marks. 1. she went to naypidaw in june 2012 and spoke 1. We use ______at the start of sentences. to tourism offi cials and businesses 2. We use ______or ______at the end of sentences. 2. "bad tourism is bad for the country so we have to plan carefully", he says 3. moe kyaw runs a small guesthouse in bagan B Read the sentences and add correct capital he agrees with dr valentin letters, full stops and question marks. 4. tourism can be good or bad for myanmar 1. is the number of tourists in Myanmar 5. she said "tourism can help development, but increasing we have to be careful" 2. the number of independent tourists is 6. dr andrea valentin from tourism transparency increasing but the number of tourists on - www.tourismtransparency.org - studies group tours is decreasing tourism in myanmar 3. yangon doesn't have enough hotel rooms for the tourists C Put the sentences in the correct order to make a paragraph. 4. the government wants to build more hotels in Myanmar D What are your experiences and opinions of 5. can tourism cause problems in a country tourism? Write a paragraph of 50-100 words.

6 Phrasebook: Accomodation 6.1 Hotels and guesthouses

A What's the difference between a hotel and a guesthouse?

B Classify these words and phrases into cheaper and more expensive.

air-con swimming pool dormitory private bathroom fan single double I like cheap wi-fi shared bathroom guesthouses. I like to stay in a dormitory, and I don't like air-con. cheaper more expensive

We travel a lot for work. We need C Read what these people say about hotels and wi-fi and air-con. Our daughter wants guesthouse. What kind do you like? a swimming pool and a TV.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 11 • 56 6.2 Checking in 6.3 Checking out

A 141 Listen to the guest checking in. What does A 142 Listen to the guest checking out. Fill the the guest say? What does the receptionist say? gaps in the conversation.

1. Sorry, all our rooms Guest: Can I _____,1. please? are double. icturebook Guesthouse P Receptionist: Sure. Did you _____2 Good afternoon. 2. The Picturebook Guesthouse is your stay? Welcome to the a non-profit social enterprise. 3. Picturebook. Can I Guest: It was ______. We give hotel training to young help you? Receptionist: Good. A standard people from Thailand and 3. Yes. Breakfast is free. room for three Myanmar, so they can get good jobs. nights... That's 4. Standard or Deluxe? ______,4. thanks. Three nights. Standard room - 500 Baht 5. Guest: Here you are. Can 6. How many nights? –– double bed 5. ––air-con I have a ______, 7. Hi. I'd like a room, please. ––private please? 8. Standard, please. Do you bathroom Receptionist: Sure. Here you are. have any single rooms? ––breakfast 9. Do you do breakfast? B 142 Listen, check and repeat. Deluxe room - 700 baht B 141 Listen, check –– private balcony C Why does the guest want a and repeat. ––TV & DVD player receipt? ––double bed C 141 Listen. Order ––air-con D In pairs, roleplay checking the conversation. ––private bathroom out of the Picturebook. ––breakfast Use the information in the D Practise the Book a room now: advertisement. conversation in pairs. www.picturebookthailand.org

E Read the information in the advertisement. Have conversations. Ask about: • a private bathroom • a fan room • a swimming pool • a TV and DVD

7 Learning Strategies: Writing 3 7.1 More mistakes

A Do you remember these mistake types from 7.2 Checking your written work Units 3 and 5? A Write a short essay (70-100 words) about WW V Sp \ a trip you took - how you got there and the place you went to. B P T They are marked in this sentence. B Give your essay to another student. Look at What are these mistake types? their essay, and write symbols for mistakes. P T P . i go to the market yesterday C C Read the text. Identify one of each mistake. Get your essay back, and fix the mistakes. 1. My name's Danny, and I lives in Dubai with my wife, Consuela. I work on a building 2. site, and Consuela as a cleaner works in a hotel. we're going to stay here for three years 3. and save a lot of money. Then we're going to go home and open a guesthouse Bohol. 4. Bohol is a beautiful island in the Philippines. A lot of toorists go there so their can swim 5. in a the sea. My wife wrote a business plan at the moment.

57 • Unit 11 Student's Book Think English Elementary Unit 11 Practice

A Look at Sam and Sita’s holiday plans. You are here N Fill the gaps with words from the box. Banana Street from along rent check in see get lie take fly over meet

9.00 ______1. a taxi to the airport. Apple Street Meat Street 11.00 ______2. to Seaville ______3. the sea. 4 . 5.

______the bus to Stormy Beach ______First Street Third Street 12.30 Second Street the airport. Fish Street 1.30 ______6. the hotel driver at the bus station. Monday Orange Street 2.30 ______7. at the Ocean Hotel. D Follow the directions. Where are you? 8.00 Restaurant for dinner Eat delicious fish at Stormy Beach 1. Go south along First Street. Take the second 9.00 ______8. on the beach and read. 9. 10. ______bicycles, ride ______Stormy 17 2.00 11. Tuesday left into Orange Street. It’s the first place on Beach and ______the whales. 2. your left. right and it's on your right. B True or false? Correct the false Go south along First Street. Take the first sentences. 3. Go straight down First Street. Turn left and go east along Apple Street. Turn right at 1. Sam and Sita are going to take a bus to the Second Street and it’s on your left. airport. 4. Go straight along First Street. Take the 2. They aren’t going to take a plane. second left, going east into Orange Street. 3. Go straight, past Third Street, and its on 4. The hotel driver's going to meet them at the your left. They're going to fly past the sea to Seaville. hotel. 5. Turn left. Go east down Banana Street. It’s 5. They're going to stay at the Stormy Beach Hotel. 6. Go south down First Street. Take the third the first place on your right. 6. On Tuesday morning, they're going to lie on road going west and it's on your right. the beach. 7. 7. In the afternoon, they're going to rent a car. left into Apple Street, then right, then left. Go straight down First Street. Take the first 8. They're not going to see any animals. It's on your right on Fish Street. C Fill the gaps with the correct form of E Fact or opinion? going to. 1. Cheetahs are the fastest land animal. 1. I ______Da Eh later tonight. (meet) 2. Giraffes are the ugliest animal in the world. 2. He ______his exam. (not / pass) 3. 3. ______the rock concert? (you / see) 4. Mya Than Tint wrote On the Road to You have to wear a shirt to the office. 4. ______a new job? (Mi Mi / get) Mandalay. 5. My parents ______to Mandalay. (move) 5. Gold is very expensive. 6. They ______the weather there. (not / like) 6. The average person laughs 15 times a day. 7. ______with us? (that dog / come) 7. Thida lives at 5/75 22nd Street. 8. Her house is really nice. 9. Weekly Eleven News is a good newspaper.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 11 • 58 F Write the capital letters, full stops H Read this list, and To do list and question marks. write sentences. 1. Pay water bill 2. Email Roger Will: hi ko gyi can you help me 1. Water bill 3. Buy onions Ko Gyi: of course You don't have and chilli to pay the water 4. Call Mi Mi Will: i've got a meeting at dagon Hlaing university how do i get there bill 5. Fill in job Ko Gyi: take bus number 45 in front of 2. Naing Naing Tun application form myanmar international school get 3. Roger 6. Meet Naing off at golden park 4. books Naing Tun Will: what do I do after that 7. Order books 5. staff meeting for school Ko Gyi: you can walk but it's quicker to 6. job application 8. Organise staff take a linecar from there meeting 7. Mi Mi Hlaing Will: 8. onions and chilli Ko Gyi: no problem fine, thanks Will: what are you going to do today I Read the job advertisement. Fill the Ko Gyi: there’s a new movie on at the gaps with the correct form of have to. cinema so i’m going to see it Job available The secretary has to work tomorrow hla hla win's got a party Secretary wanted. Monday to Friday. do you want to come with me Monday-Friday, The secretary _____1. be female. Will: OK no weekends. Male or Female. A secretary can be male. Ko Gyi: let’s meet at 8 at mahabandoola - answer phones The secretary _____2. answer the garden - use computer phones, and s/he _____3. use a - check emails G Answer the questions. - go to meetings computer and check emails. with director 4. 1. What is Will going to do today? Does the secretary _____ go to meetings with the Director? 2. Yes, the secretary _____5. go to meetings with the 3. Where does he take the linecar from? Where does Will have to go first? Director. 4. Why is it better to take the linecar? _____6. the secretary _____7. work on weekends? 5. What is Ko Gyi going to do today? No, s/he _____8.. 6. What are they going to do tomorrow? _____9. I _____10. apply for this job? 7. Where are they going to meet? No, you _____11.. J Crossword. 1 2 Across Down 3 4 5 6 5. We haven't got ____ 1. Ships leave from here. rice. Let's get more. 2. She's studying by ____. 7 8 7. You get this after you 3. Planes arrive here. pay for something. 4. Eyes, nose, mouth. 8. Myanmar is ____ of 6. A person staying at a 9 10 11 12 Bangladesh. hotel or guesthouse. 12 10. Not an opinion. 9. Money for doing a job. 13 12. I want to lie on my 11. Be ____. That dog's

14 bed and ____. dangerous. 15. A class. 13. Foreigners ____ go to 15 16 16. A ____ room is cheaper Myanmar without a b s than air-con. visa and passport. 17 17. A ____ room is cheaper 14. Bagan is ____ of than a double. Taunggyi.

59 • Unit 11 Student's Book Think English Elementary K Translate these into your language. 5. When are they going to arrive? 6. We have to go to a meeting. 1. The pharmacy is down the road past the travel agent. 7. She doesn't have to come with us. She can stay here. 2. Take the number 62 bus. 8. I want a single fan room. 3. What time does the train leave? 9. Can I have a receipt, please? 4. Tomorrow I'm going to visit my friend.

L Tick the words and phrases you know. Write definitions, examples and/or translations for the words and phrases you find difficult. accommodation (n) fan (n) recommend (v) across (prep) festival (n) refugee (n) air-con (n) guest (n) relax (v) airport (n) guesthouse (n) separate (adj) along (prep) hotel management (n) shared (adj) ancient (adj) independent (adj) single (room) (adj) balcony (n) into (prep) social enterprise (n) building site (n) land (n) south (adj, n) bus station (n) lesson (n) successful (adj) car park (n) linecar (n) temple (n) careful (adj) migrant worker (n) through (prep) carefully (adv) (n, adj) tradition (n) check in (v) north (adj, n) train station (n) check out (v) non-profit(n, adj) transparency (n) cleaner (n) out of (prep) travel agent (n) distance (n) passportofficial (n) twice (adv) double (room)(adj) pharmacy (n) visa (n) drive (v) police station (n) wages (n) east (adj, n) port (n) west (adj, n) enough (adv) private (adj) (n) facilities (n) protect (v) wonderful (adj) fact (n) receipt (n) wi-fi

M Can you do these things? Tick the correct column. a little OK well I can use prepositions to talk about movement. I can talk about different types of transport. I can give and follow directions to get to places. I can talk about future plans using going to. I can use have to to talk about obligation. I can understand the difference between facts and opinions. I can use capital letters, full stops and question marks. I can check in and out of a hotel or guesthouse. I can correct written work.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 11 • 60 Science and Experience S���������: PRESENT SIMPLE/CONTINUOUS - PRESENT CONTINUOUS FOR AROUND NOW - PRESENT PERFECT - HOW QUESTIONS - UNVOICED CONSONANTS 12 F��������: MEASUREMENT - EXPERIENCE - SAYING GOODBYE S�����: USING LARGE NUMBERS - SIMPLIFYING - USING A MONOLINGUAL DICTIONARY 1 Space 1.1 The Galaxy Song

A What do you know about space? Brainstorm.

B

Match1. evolve these (v) words witha. their a group definitions. of billions of stars 2. expand (v) b. to spin, to turn 3. galaxy (n) c. to go around something d. to get bigger 4. a light year (n) e. the distance light travels in 5. orbit (v) one year 6. revolve (v) f. to change The Milky Way galaxy 7. universe (n) g. all the galaxies together 200,000,000 900 19 40,000 C This is a song about the our galaxy. Some facts are missing. 100,000 3,000 30,000 Fill the gaps with the numbers in the box. 16,000 12,000,000 100

Just remember that you're standing on a planet We're _____8 light years from Galactic Central Point that's evolving We go round every _____9 million years And revolving at _____1 miles an hour And our galaxy is only one of millions of billions That's orbiting at _____2 miles a second, so it's In this amazing and expanding universe reckoned The universe itself keeps on expanding and A sun that is the source of all our power expanding The Sun and you and me, and all the stars that we In all of the directions it can whiz can see As fast as it can go, at the speed of light you know Are moving at a million miles a day _____10 miles a minute and that's the fastest speed In an outer spiral arm, at _____3 miles an hour there is Of the galaxy we call the Milky Way So remember when you're feeling very small and Our galaxy itself contains _____4 billion stars insecure It's _____ 5 light years side-to-side How amazingly unlikely is your birth It bulges in the middle, _____6 light years thick And pray that there's intelligent life somewhere up But out by us it's just _____7 light years wide in space Because there's bugger all down here down here on Earth

D 143 Listen. Were you correct? F easy English. E 143 Listen. True or false? Work in groups. Rewrite the first six lines in You are on a planet turning around at 1. We live in the Milky Way galaxy. 900 miles an hour. 2. There are a lot of other galaxies in the The planet is going round the Sun at 19 universe. miles a second. 3. The universe is always the same size. G Put it on the wall. Read other groups' lines.

61 • Unit 12 Student's Book Think English Elementary 1.2 The Earth, Sun and Moon

A Read the facts about Earth, the Moon and 1. The Earth is orbiting the Sun. the Sun. Put the facts into two groups; 2. The Earth orbits the Sun once things happening now and regular actions. every 365 days. 3. The Earth is spinning. Grammar Focus - present simple and present continuous 4. It spins once every 24 hours. Complete the grammar rules for present simple and present This gives us day and night. continuous tenses. 5. The Moon is orbiting the Earth. 1. We use the ______tense to talk about regular actions. 2. We use the ______tense to talk about things happening now. 6. It orbits once every 28-29 days. 7. The Moon is also spinning. B Complete these sentences. 1. Zaw Zaw usually ______to the offi ce, but today he ______at home.(go, stay) 2. He ______today because it's his son's birthday. They ______a small party. (not work, have) 3. He ______working all the time. He ______spending time with his family. (not like, love)

1.3 The scientist Brian Cox is a scientist. A What is a scientist? What is a laboratory? What do He studies stars and scientists do in a laboratory? planets. He works in Geneva, Switzerland. B Read the text and answer the questions. Every week, Brian _____1. (travel) from 1. What country does Brian live in? England to Switzerland. He _____2. 2. Where does he go every week? (go) by train and he _____3. (stay) in a 3. What is he doing in his laboratory? small hotel near his laboratory. He's 4. Why isn't he working in his laboratory this month? very busy these days. He _____4. (build) a new machine. Scientists _____5. (use) Grammar Focus - present continuous these machines to learn more about life for 'around now' in the universe. We can use present continuous to talk about things happening 'around now'. Brian is famous. He _____6. (make) TV I'm teaching at a university now. and radio programmes about science. At the moment he _____7. (not work) at Fill the gaps using phrases from the text. his laboratory. This month, he _____8. We often use these phrases with the present continuous: (travel) round the world. He _____9. these ____ at ____ moment ____ month (talk) about his work, his laboratory and his love of science. 1.4 this week, this month, this year A Fill the gaps with correct verbs. E Complete these sentences so they are true for you. 1. Are you ______hard these days? 2. What are you ______this week? 1. These days, I'm ______. 3. What book are you ______at the moment? 2. I'm ______at the moment. 4. What bands are you ______to these days? 3. This week, I'm ______. 4. I'm ______this year. B Write more questions. 5. I'm not ______at the moment. 6. These days I'm not ______. C Go around the room. Ask and answer questions. 7. My friends are not ______this year. D Tell the class some information F about your classmates. Mi Mi is walking Who Wrote It? to class this week. put your sentences on the wall. Do Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 12 • 62 2 Measuring things 2.1 Metric units

A What units do you use to measure things? What a.______other units do you know? e.______B Put these units of measurement in order from smallest to largest. d.______kilometres millimetres metres centimetres c.______C Match the questions and answers, and write the b.______correct adjective for each answer. 1. How tall is Shwedagon Pagoda? a. It's 2170 kilometres ______. 2. How wide is the Bago River? b. It's only about 1.5 metres ______in the dry season. 3. How long is the Ayeyerwaddy river? c. It's 1 kilometre ______. 4. How deep is Inle Lake? d. It's 98 metres ______.

D 144 Listen and write the correct measurements on the pictures. 2.2 More about space

A Read the information. 1. The Earth, Sun and Moon are about ______D What other words billion years old. This is quite young. Scientists make questions with think the universe is 13.7 billion years old. how? Make a class list B Can145 youListen fill theand gaps? check. a. 1 b. 4.6 c. 9.9 of questions about 2. The distance from the Earth to the Moon your classroom. C Use the words in the changes, but is usually about ______,400 km. How dry is it? box to write questions a. 384 b. 484 c. 584 about the facts in A. E Group Quiz 3. The diameter of the Moon is ______km. The Competition. Write diameter of the Earth is 12,756 km. far old big three multiple choice a. 34.7 b. 347 c. 3,474 questions using how.

2.3 Pronunciation: Voiced and unvoiced consonants

A How do you say these sounds and words? F 148 Listen and correct the pronunciation. /b/ bee, cab /d/ ID, wide /g/ goat, bag There’s one mistake in each sentence. /p/ pea, cap /t/ IT, white /k/ coat, back 1. You’ve got a nice white coat. 2. He had a big, black knife in his pack. B 146 3. Slow down, please. I can’t write very fast. Listen, check and repeat. Do you find any 4. They cut a lot of trees down and built C Doof them you have difficult? the same sounds in your roads. language? How do you write them? 5. I’m going to get a cap downtown. Write Yourself In. Write sentences using I and 147 How do you say these words? Listen and G D sounds from this section. Use at least three of tick the ones you hear. the sounds in each sentence. gay / Kay ball / Paul build / built dry / try glass / class ride / write I like my glasses but not my classes. big / pig back / pack bored / bought H Pair Dictation. Say your sentences to a bill / pill hard / heart rode / wrote partner. Write the sentences you hear. Do they pronounce the unvoiced sounds correctly? E Pair Dictation. Choose ten words from A and D. In pairs, say and write the words.

63 • Unit 12 Student's Book Think English Elementary 3 Have you... 3.1 ...been to Singapore? A

B Do149 you Listen. know Which these flags?countries name do the they countries. talk about?

C 149 Listen and read. Who's been where? Write sentences. 1. 2. Jessica's been to Thailand but she hasn't been to Singapore. Lee: Have you been to Thailand, Jessica? Jessica: Yes, lots of times. Lee: Me too. Bangkok's expensive. 3. 4. Jessica: Yes, but there are lots of cheaper places. How about you, Khin Zaw? Have you been to Thailand? Khin Zaw: I haven't, but Khaing Khaing's been with our mother. Only to Mae Sai though. Have you been to Singapore? Lee: I haven't been to Singapore but I've been to Malaysia. How about you, Jessica? Jessica: No, but I'm going to move there next month. Khin Zaw: Really? Why? Jessica: Yes, I've got a job there teaching English. Let's meet in Singapore next year. Khin Zaw: OK. Good idea.

Grammar Focus - present perfect statements

1. We use the present perfect to talk about experiences in our 3. Here are the past participles of lives. We make it with have/has (not) + the past participle. some verbs. What are the base Read B again and complete the rules. forms? a. Positive sentences: I / You / We / They ______been to Yangon done do made ______He / She / It ______been to Pyin Oo Lwin seen ______cooked ______given ______been ______b. Negative sentences: I / You / We / They ______been to Yangon taken ______wanted ______He / She / It ______been to Pyin Oo Lwin bought ______drunk ______2. In many positive sentences, we can use contractions. Complete met ______eaten ______the rules. stayed ______ridden ______a. With a subject pronoun + have, we can use ______. had ______fl own ______I've been. They've been. NOT: Tom and Mary've been. 4. What are the past simple forms? b. With any subject + has, we can use ______. 5. Which verbs are regular? How He's been. Tom's been. The dog's best friend's been. do you say the past participles?

3.2 Where have you been?

A Have you been to any of the countries in 3.1 A? C Fill the gaps to make the sentences true for you. 1. I've been to ______. B Fill the gaps to make the sentences true for you. 2. I haven't been to ______I ______been to Inle Lake. 1. 3. My father's been to ______. I ______been to Shwedagon. 2. 4. My mother hasn't been to ______. I ______been to Loikaw. 3. 5. My friends have been to ______. I ______been to Myawaddy. 4. 6. They haven't been to ______. D Write more sentences about you, your family and friends. Tell a partner.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 12 • 64 3.3 Have you seen a ghost?

A Match the questions with the pictures below. Grammar Focus - present perfect: yes/no questions and ever 1. Have you ever ridden a motorbike? 2. Have you ever seen a ghost? Complete the rules and examples. 3. Have you ever fl own in a plane? 1. In questions, we change the order of have/has and the subject. 4. Have you ever been to another country? ______been to England? 2. We often use ever in ______(not statements). It means 'at any time in your life'. ______you ______eaten monkey meat? NOT: I have ever eaten monkey meat. 3. We make short answers like this: a. b. Yes, I / you / we / they ______. No, I / you / we / they ______. Yes, he / she / it ______. No, he / she / it ______.

c. d. D Interview classmates and complete the table. you name y/n details B Ask and answer the questions in pairs. eaten snake broken a leg C Order the words to make questions, and complete the answers. climbed a tree played football 1. you / have / an / ever / NGO / worked at ? drunk whisky _____, I haven't. had malaria 2. lived / in / has / Hpa-an / Mie Mie Po / ever ? been to Hpa-an No, she _____. 3. to / this place / we / been / have / before ? E Tell another student what you learned. Yes, ______. Mi Mi San's eaten snake meat, but only once. Aung Soe Min hasn't played football because he's lazy.

3.4 Have you ever worked for your community?

A How many ways can you help your community? D 150 Listen. What question do they use to ask Make a class list. Here are some useful words. about experience? teach help give recycle visit clean start ______community work? - clean a lake or river E In pairs, ask and answer about the activities in - recycle plastic A. Use ever. B 150 Listen. Who has done what? Have you ever No, I haven't. Jessica Paw Mu Khin Zaw visited old people? recycled plastic F Make a list of things you've done and a list of C 150 Listen. Answer the questions. things you're planning to do in the future.

1. Has Jessica ever cleaned rivers? Where? Things I've done Things I'm going to do 2. Who has Paw Mu collected money for? 3. Has Khin Zaw ever done community work? 4. What's Khin Zaw going to do? G Write two paragraphs about this.

65 • Unit 12 Student's Book Think English Elementary 4 Computers 4.1 The history of computers

A Look at the pictures and answer the questions. 1. When were computers invented? 2. Where were computers invented? 3. Who invented the fi rst computer?

B 151 Listen. Were you right or wrong?

C Fill the gaps using the words in the box.

televisions Russia cupboards human laptops A British computer, World War II 1. After World War II, ______started to build computers. 2. The fi rst computers were sometimes bigger than ______. 3. By 1980, many ______had computers in them. 4. There are two kinds of PC, desktops and ______. 5. Some computers can understand ______speech.

D 151 Listen and check.

E Work in pairs. What does the text say about: The Apple II computer, 1977 1. computers before World War 2? 2. early computers? 3. today's computers? 4.2 The parts of a computer

A Have you ever used a computer? What did you use it for?

Look at the picture. Label the parts. keyboard monitor mouse CD/DVD drive B case UPS fl ash drive speakers

e.

f.

c. g.

a.

d. h.

b.

C The letters of two computer types are in mixed order. What are they? 1. The computer above is a spotked. 2. The computer on the right is a platpo. a. D Label the parts of the laptop. b. keyboard monitor touch-pad external CD/DVD drive c. E What's the difference between the two computers? Which do you think is better or more useful? d.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 12 • 66 5 Modern technology 5.1 The digital divide

A Have you ever heard the phrase digital divide? What do you think it

the meanings of the words digital andmeans? divide Look, and at guess the pictures, the meaning find of the phrase.

B Read the text and answer the questions.

1. What is this text about? a. Veerampattinam b. poor people's problems c. the internet helping people d. farming and fi shing in India 2. What does the author say is a C Choose the best title for the text. problem in the developing world? a. Can you use the internet? a. Farming and fi shing are dangerous. b. How can the internet help people? b. There are no internet cafes. c. Does India have the internet? c. Many people don't know what the d. Is there a digital divide? 'digital divide' is. d. Many people don't have computers or D Make the conclusion. Choose the best ending to internet . the sentence. 3. What don't the people in Veerampattinam The digital divide is a problem… use the internet for? a. and some people are fi ghting for their land. a. Learning about the weather b. but cheaper computers and better b. Learning about farming education can help. c. Fighting for their land c. so farmers can search for new ways of d. Selling their food farming.

We live in a world of internet, websites and emails. Computers are very important in people's lives. But a lot of people have never used one. They have never been to an internet cafe, used email or learned about the web. This difference in technology between rich and poor places is sometimes called the digital divide, and it is big a problem in the developing world. Cheap computers and internet, and better education can make this digital divide smaller. They can make people's lives better, and poorer people can use the internet to help them at work. Good examples of this are farmers and fi shers in Veerampattinam, India. Before the internet came to Veerampattinam, their lives were diffi cult and their jobs were sometimes dangerous. Now they can use the internet to learn about tomorrow's weather. They can buy and sell their food on the internet, look at new ways of farming, and search for better prices. The internet can help other people too. Some people are fi ghting for their land and they want help. Some Children in Veerampattinam communities don't have doctors, and they need medical information. Some people need better education, but there aren't resources near them. The internet helps people to improve their lives and improve their communities.

67 • Unit 12 Student's Book Think English Elementary 5.2 Causes of the digital divide

A In groups, make a cause and effect chain (or web) about the digital divide.

people are poor

B What are some solutions to these problems?

5.3 Telephones in Myanmar

A Have you got a mobile phone? Why or why not? What do people use mobile phones for? Phones in Myanmar Do you have a landline? Which is better? A lot of people in Myanmar don't B Read the text. What does it say about? have telephones. Phones are expensive so poor people can't 1. the cost of phones? aff ord them. Also, some places 2. remote communities? are very remote and don't have 3. phone companies? phone lines or mobile phone coverage, so they can't phone C Read the text again. Find these things: for medical treatment in an 1. the title emergency. 2. the problem Perhaps phone companies can increase coverage and sell cheaper 3. an example of the problem phones. More people can buy 4. a solution them and the phone companies can make more money. D Write a paragraph about the digital divide in your community or in a community near you. Your paragraph needs: a. a title b. a sentence explaining the problem c. one or two examples of the problem d. a solution to the problem

6 Phrasebook: Appointments and goodbyes 6.1 Making an appointment

A 152 Listen. What's happening? C Answer the questions. 1. Why does Khin Zaw use Ms Maneewan and 152 Listen. Put the events in order. B Mr Murokami? Why not Apsara and Taka? a. Apsara says when she is free. 2. What word here means the same as free? b. Khin Zaw answers the phone. What happens if Apsara answers the phone? c. Khin Zaw asks when Apsara is free. D Look at the audioscript on and rewrite the d. Khin Zaw tells the man when Apsara can conversation. meet him. e. The man agrees. E Roleplay. Partner A, look at page 74. Partner f. A man wants to meet Apsara. B, look at page 76.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 12 • 68 6.2 See you in Singapore

A Look at the picture. What's happening?

B 153 Listen. Answer the questions. 1. Where's Jessica going? 2. When's she going to come back to Myanmar? 3. What's Lee going to do? 4. Where's she going to see Khin Zaw and Khaing Khaing next? 5. Does Jessica want to leave? 6. What does she like about Myanmar? 7. Why is she leaving? C What can you say in these situations? D Roleplay. In groups of 3-4, say goodbye to some friends. Think about: 1. You are saying goodbye to your teacher. She is coming back in October. • Where are you? (train station? airport?) ______in October. • Why are they leaving? 2. Your best friend is leaving. You are sad. • When can you see them again? I'm going to ______. 7 Learning Strategies: Using a monolingual dictionary 7.1 What's inside? A What is a monolingual dictionary?

B WhatWhere information can you find is one? normally in a monolingual dictionary? Put a tick or a cross. 1. How to pronounce a word. 2. How to spell a word. 3. The word in small and capital letters. 4. A translation of the word. 7.3 A dictionary entry 5. An example of the word in a sentence. 6. A defi nition of the word. A Read the dictionary entry. Match parts of the 7. The part of speech. entry with the information from 7.1 B. improve verb /ɪm'pru:v/ 7.2 Alphabetical order (improving, improved) to become better: My English is improving. A What order are words in a dictionary? B Read the dictionary entry below. There are two B What other parts of this textbook list words entries for volunteer. Why? in alphabetical order? volunteer1 /vɒlən'tɪə/ verb (volunteering, volunteered) C List these words in alphabetical order. to offer to do something without pay: We volunteered to help at the school. situation source resource 2 volunteer external solution volunteer noun expand example improve someone who does something without pay: digital uniform universe She is a volunteer at the clinic. university expensive extra C What are the advantages and disadvantages of a experience diff erent diffi cult monolingual dictionary?

69 • Unit 12 Student's Book Think English Elementary Unit 12 Practice A Make sentences using the table. D Order these sentences and write the correct form of the verbs. usually today (have) / we / to / (go) / not / Taungoo fruit in the 1. ice-cream Kyaw Soe morning We have not been to Taungoo. Frankie meat only vegetables 2. (study) / university / not / (have) / my mother / at Johnny study all day movies 3. people / how many / to / (have) / moon / Seng Ja walk to work bus and I the / (go) ? 4. Lorena / (have) / to the USA / (go) / ever ? Laila and relax after work exercise Mahmoud 5. (have) / which / countries / you / (visit) ? The cats sleep inside outside 6. ever / (have) / he / a / (see) / whale ? 1. Kyaw Soe usually eats fruit in the morning, 7. not / Ko Ko and Saw Reh / (have) / but today he's eating ice-cream. (eat) / pizza 2. Frankie usually eats meat 8. (teach) / English / Maths / (have) / 3. Johnny usually she / and 4. Seng Ja and I usually 9. (build) / (have) / house / ever / a / you ? 5. Laila and Mahmoud usually 10. 6. The cats usually E WriteHo wthe high questions / (have) / sheor the/ (fly) answers. ? B Choose the correct form. 1. Have you done your homework? No, I haven’t (done my homework) . Usually, Greg eats (eat/eats/is eating) a lot 2. ______? of sugar and oil. He ______1. (likes/is liking/like) Yes, I have (been to Kandawgyi Park). it ______2. and he (don't understand/doesn't understand/isn't understanding) about health. 3. Has she eaten Mohingha? No, ______So, he ______3. (is/are/is being) sick a lot. Now, 4. ______? Yes, they have (met me before). 4. he ______(think/is thinking/thinks) about his 5. ______? No, I haven’t (ridden an elephant). health. These days, he ______5. (is using/uses/ 6. Has he asked you to marry him? Yes, ______7. Have you ever used a computer before? use)Jeab ______the internet6. (helps/is to find helping/help) out about food. the No, ______7. environment. He usually ______(is teaching/ 8. Has Ohnmar lived overseas? Yes, ______are teaching/teaches) people how to grow differents types of fruit and vegetables. At the F Put these words in alphabetical order. moment, he ______8. (teach/teaches/is teaching) miss remote people to recycle waste. They ______9. (learn/ recycle planet is learning/are learning) how to work with feel nature. sun monitor starflag create C Which examples of the present moon invent continuous from B are now, which are mouse central around now and which could be both? collect amazing

now both around now is thinking

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 12 • 70 G Read the conversation. Are the H Look at the measurements and fill statements true or false? Correct the gaps. the false statements. 60 cm Ray: Hi, is Nan Si there? 45 cm 1.7 cm Nan Si: Nan Si speaking. Ray: Hi! Its Ray. What are you doing? 175 cm

Nan Si: I’m listening to music at home. 80 cm Have you heard ‘Pyay Theng Lai’ by Wai Wai? It’s really good.

110 cm110 Ray: No, I haven’t. Are you going stay 1. The table is home all morning? 80 centimetres high. Nan Si: Yes, but I'm going to go back to the 2. The table is ______long. hospital tonight at 10. What about The table is ______wide. you? What are you doing? 3. Ray: I’m waiting for my brother. We're 4. The sofa is 1.75 metres ______. going to a watch a football match. 5. The sofa is 110 centimetres ______. He usually works today but he's on 6. The ant is 17 ______. holiday. He hasn’t had a holiday for a long time! I Crossword. Nan Si: What does he do? 1 2 3 4 Ray: Nan Si: He is very different from you! Have He's a police officer. 5 6 you painted any new pictures? Ray: picture. It’s about 2 metres tall 7 Yes, I've finished my biggest and 2 metres wide. I am putting alI 8 9 10 my pictures on my laptop and on

11 Nan Si: Good idea. my flash drive today. 12 13 1. Ray calls Nan Si on the phone. 2. Nan Si works at a hospital. 14 15 3. She isn't working this morning. 16 17 18

4. She doesn’t work at night. 19

5. Ray has heard ‘Pyay Theng Lai’. Across 6. Ray is watching a football match with his 1. 5. Scientists 13. 'How ____ is your brother at the moment. work here. house?' 'About 3 kms 7. Ray’s brother is not working today. 7. The ____ orbits the from here.' . e.g. = for ____. 8. Ray’s brother goes on holiday often. Earth. 14 Make something new. 16. Mother. 9. Ray is an artist. 8. 11. A thing you use to 18. You listen with this. 10. His biggest picture It is 2cm wide. help do something. 19. Outside. 11. He's saving his pictures on a CD. Down 1. We ____ donations for our 4. ____s work for free. 12. We're going to miss you. ____ youth organisation. 6. Far away. back soon! 2. 'How did you get there?' 9. Has he ____ been there? 13. I ____ hungry. 'I ____ the bus.' 10. Also. 15. You write with this. 3. Past participle of eat. 17. Object pronoun of I.

71 • Unit 12 Student's Book Think English Elementary K Translate these into your language. 5. Have you ever been to China? 6. There are two kinds of computers, 1. She usually works at the hospital but desktops and laptops. these days she's working at a clinic. 7. He's available after 11qm on Tuesday. 2. It's 60cm wide and 80cm long. 8. I'm going to miss you. 3. I've taught free English classes. 9. See you next year! 4. I haven't seen that movie.

L Tick the words and phrases you know. Write definitions, examples and/or translations for the words and phrases you find difficult. alphabetical order (n) (n) phone line (n) amazing (adj) galaxy (n) planet (n) cab (n) goodflag idea (n) python (n) cap (n) guy (n) recycle (v) case (n) ID (n) remote (adj) CD/DVD drive (n) improve (v) resource (n) centimetre (n) insecure (adj) revolve (v) central (adj) internet café (n) scientist (n) collect (v) invent (v) search (n, v) come back (v) keyboard (n) snake (n) community work (n) kilometres per hour (n) solution (n) contain (v) laboratory (n) source (n) coverage (n) landline (n) speakers (n) create (v) laptop (n) speech (n) desktop (n) light year (n) spin (v) diameter (n) lucky (adj) star (n) digital (adj) miles per hour (n) street children (n) divide (n, v) millimetre (n) sun (n) donation (n) miss (v) these days (adv) environmental (adj) monitor (n) too (adv) ever (adv) moon (n) touchpad (n) evolve (v) mouse (computer) (n) universe (n) example (n) NGO (n) unlikely (adj) expand (v) orbit (v) UPS (n) external (adj) outer (adj) volunteer (n. v) feel (v) PC (n) youth (n, adj)

M Can you do these things? Tick the correct column. a little OK well I can use large numbers. I can use the present simple tense to talk about regular actions. I can use the present continuous tense to talk about things happening now. I can use the present continuous tense to talk about things happening around now. I can use units to measure things. I can ask questions with how I can pronounce /b/-/p/, /g/-/k/, /d/-/t/ I can use the present perfect tense to talk about experiences. I can identify the parts and uses of a computer. I can identify the main idea in a reading text. I can use a monolingual dictionary

Think English Elementary Student's Book Unit 12 • 72 Pairwork: Partner A

Unit 7 5.2 Long and short vowels: Partner A Say these sentences to your partner. Write the sentences they say. 1. Zaw Zaw often visits a hot beach. 2. The farmer got on the new ship. 3. Some aunts are eating the cake. Unit 8 3.4 Directions: Partner A

Mandalay. Your partner has the information. Work inYou pairs, want and to find ask andout whereanswer these questions places to are complete in your map. 1. Mandalay City Hotel Mandalay 2. Best Mishay restaurant Mart 3. International school 4. Coffee King coffee shop Dry Zone Books Where is ______? Shwe Royal Noodles It's on 32nd Street, between 83rd Queen and 84th Street.

Unit 9 3.2 Three days in Thandar's life: Partner A Work in pairs. Thandar works nights at the Yangon Royal Hotel disco. The timetable shows three days in her life. The timetable is incomplete. Your partner has the information to complete your timetable. Read the example questions and answers, then ask and answer questions to complete the grey boxes.

A: What did she do on Tuesday morning? A: Where did she go on Tuesday afternoon? B: She woke up at 10 o'clock and cooked B: She went to the cinema. breakfast with her boyfriend. A: What time did she go to class? A: Where was she at 10.30 on Wednesday? B: At half past nine. B: She was at her sister's in Tamwe.

Saturday Sunday Monday wake up go to Hlaing Tharyar to see her Morning 7 o'clock - ______eat Yum Yum noodles mother

2.30 - go to clinic Afternoon watch a movie eat lunch ______(who) 3.30 buy ______for her brother 5 o'clock - come home on the Evening 7.30 ______7.30 - go to work linecar 7.45 - go to ______(place) 1 o'clock - finish work drink beer and eat ice cream Night ______(time) - finish work 1.30 - go clubbing with with her boyfriend ______(person)

73 • Pairwork Student's Book Think English Elementary Pairwork: Partner A

Unit 9 4.2 HDIs of Southeast Asian countries: Partner A The bar chart 0.90 shows the Human 0.85 0.80 Development Index 0.75 (HDI) numbers for 0.70 Southeast Asian 0.65 countries. The bar 0.60 0.55 chart is incomplete. 0.50 Your partner's chart 0.45 has the missing 0.40 0.35 information. 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 Which country has an 0.10 HDI number of nought 0.05 0.00 point four-five? Bhutan Brunei ______Malaysia Myanmar Singapore ______Thailand

What is ______'s HDI number?

Unit 10 5.4 Similar vowels: Partner A Say the sentences to your partner. Write the sentences your partner says. 1. The girl at church wore a short skirt. 2. The first person was earlier and the third was fast. 3. The dirty bird’s bath was on Thursday the thirtieth. 4. The Germans lost World War One.

Unit 12 6.1 Making an appointment: Partner A Work in pairs. Have these conversations. 1. You are Terry Trout from 2. You are Sarah Jones from 3. You are Ohmar from the Interfish. You want to Health International. Yangon Daily Post. You meet Daw Thein Win from You are not available on want to interview Jackie MyanMart next week. Wednesday afternoon, but Wu on the 27th March. you are free at 10am.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Pairwork • 74 Pairwork: Partner B Unit 7 5.2 Long and short vowels: Partner B Say these sentences to your partner. Write the sentences they say. 1. There’s a picture of a cat on the card. 2. I sit on a beach and read big, boring books. 3. Please can I have another sheet? Unit 8 3.4 Directions: Partner B

Mandalay. Your partner has the information. Work Mandalay inYou pairs, want and to find ask andout whereanswer these questions places to are complete in City Hotel your map. 1. Royal Queen Hotel Best 2. Shwe Noodles restaurant Mishay 3. Mandalay Mart 4. Dry Zone Book shop

Where is ______?

It's on 32nd Street, between 83rd Coffee International King and 84th Street. school

Unit 9 3.2 Three days in Thandar's life: Partner B Work in pairs. Thandar works nights at the Yangon Royal Hotel disco. The timetable shows three days in her life. The timetable is incomplete. Your partner has the information to complete your timetable. Read the example questions and answers, then ask and answer questions to complete the grey boxes.

A: What did she do on Tuesday morning? A: Where did she go on Tuesday afternoon? B: She woke up at 10 o'clock and cooked B: She went to the cinema. breakfast with her boyfriend. A: What time did she go to class? A: Where was she at 10.30 on Wednesday? B: At half past nine. B: She was at her sister's in Tamwe.

Saturday Sunday Monday 7 o'clock - come home from wake up go to ______(place) to see her Morning hotel eat ______(food) mother 2.30 - go to ______(place) Afternoon ______3.30 - buy school books for her eat lunch with her family brother 5 o'clock - come home on the 7.30 - have dinner with her Evening ______(time) - go to work line car boyfriend 7.45 - go to work drink beer and eat ice cream ______(time) - finish work Night 12.30 - finish work with ______(person) 1.30 - go clubbing with Ko Swe

75 • Pairwork Student's Book Think English Elementary Pairwork: Partner B

Unit 9 4.2 HDIs of Southeast Asian countries: Partner B

The bar chart 0.95 shows the Human 0.90 Development Index 0.85 0.80 (HDI) numbers for 0.75 Southeast Asian 0.70 countries. The bar 0.65 0.60 chart is incomplete. 0.55 Your partner's chart 0.50 has the missing 0.45 0.40 information. 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 Which country has an 0.10 HDI number of zero 0.05 0.00 point four-five? Bhutan ______East Timor Malaysia Myanmar ______Vietnam Thailand

What is ______'s HDI number?

Unit 10 5.4 Similar vowels: Partner B Say the sentences to your partner. Write the sentences your partner says. 1. Pearl and Paul are walking fast. 2. Paul's got a short shirt and Pearl has a small purse. 3. When she got there at twelve thirty, her cousins weren’t home. 4. The thirteen dirty working men had hats on their hard heads.

Unit 12 6.1 Making an appointment: Partner B Work in pairs. Have these conversations. 1. You are Daw Thein Win 2. You are Dr Hla Han from 3. You are Jackie Wu. You are from MyanMart. You are Central Hospital. You want not available on the 27th available next Monday. to meet Sarah Jones from March, but you are free on Health International on the 28th. Wednesday afternoon.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Pairwork • 76 Language Reference

Unit Seven which and what Often, we can use which or what with no difference Activities with verb + ing in meaning. However, we usually use which when we are asking about a small number of possibilities. 1. We often use verb + ing after words such as like, • Which day are you leaving? love or hate. • What is your friend's name? • I like dancing. • He loves playing football. • We hate waiting. Unit Eight 2. These sentences are in the present simple tense, The past simple: to be and verb + ing is a kind of noun called a gerund. It is not a present continuous verb. 3. There is no article (the, a, an) before the gerund. events or situations. We use the past simple tense to talk about finished • She likes swimming. Positive statements (NOT: She likes the swimming.) subject verb I/She/He/It was Comparative adjectives late You/We/They were 1. We use comparatives to compare things. • Maung Htet is quite tall, but Ma Nge is taller. Negative statements To make negative statements, we add not or use a 2. We often use than after a comparative. contraction. • Ma Nge is taller than Maung Htet. subject verb Spelling was not I/She/He/It 1. For one-syllable adjectives, add -er. (wasn't) late • old—older • weak—weaker were not You/We/They If the adjective ends in -e, just add -r. (weren't) • wide—wider • close—closer Questions and answers If the adjective has one vowel and one To make questions, we put the verb to be before the consonant, double the consonant. subject. • big—bigger • wet— wetter 1. yes/no questions and short answers 2. For two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, remove statement: She was born in 1965. the -y and add -ier. • friendly—friendlier • happy—happier question: Was she born in 1965? 3. For adjectives with two or more syllables (where answer: • Yes, she was. • No, she wasn’t. the second syllable doesn't end with -y), put Short answers more before the adjective. • reliable—more reliable Positive Negative • careful—more careful I am I 'm not 4. Some adjectives are irregular. There is no rule. She/He/It is She/He/It isn't. • good—best • bad—worst • far—further Yes, No, We/ We/ are. aren't You/They You/They

77 • Language Reference Student's Book Think English Elementary separate wh and yn qs?

2. wh- questions Prepositions of time • When was she born? 1. We use in with: • Who were you with last night? years • in 2009 Dates months • in February seasons • in the summer Writing dates most parts 1. We can write dates in many ways: of the day • in the afternoon • as numbers only (15/4/92) 2. We use on with: • as numbers and words (April 15th, 1992) days • on Monday • as words only (April the fifteenth, nineteen- dates • on the 20th of June ninety two) specific parts 2. of the day • on Wednesday evening • April 15, 1992 = 15/4/92 3. We use at with: In British English, the day is first. times • at 5.30 • April 15, 1992 = 4/15/92 the weekend • at the weekend In American English, the month is first. Saying dates night • at night 1. • The 5th of March = March the 5th We can say the month or the day first. Unit Nine 2. Often we don't write the ordinal marker (-st, -nd, -rd, -th), but we always say it. The past simple •May 20 = "May the twentieth" not: "May 20" Statements 3. Americans usually do not say the in dates. 1. Regular verbs • April 17 = "April seventeenth" wash For most verbs we add -ed. washed fixed Years fix There are different ways of saying years in English. When the verb ends in -e, hate hated loved 1. 1901 to 1909: nineteen "o" + the number we add -d. love • 1904 = nineteen-o-four When the verb ends in a 2. 1910 to 1999: nineteen + 2 digit number short vowel and a single stop stopped • 1934 = nineteen thirty-four consonant, we double the trap trapped consonant and add -ed. 3. 2001 to 2009: two-thousand and + the number When the verb ends in -y, carry • 2006 = two-thousand and six carried tried we change the -y to -ied. try 4. 2010 to 2099: twenty + 2 digit number or two thousand + 2 digit number Note: When the verb ends in -t or -d, we pronounce • 2012 = twenty twelve -ed. or: two thousand and twelve • wanted • needed the final syllable 5. Americans don't usually say the and. 3. Irregular verbs • 2008 = two thousand eight Many common verbs are irregular – there are no • 2014 = two thousand fourteen rules. You just have to learn them. • go: They went to Yangon last month. • win: I won the match on Monday. 4. The verb is the same for all subjects. • I left at 4 o’clock. • He left at 4 o’clock. • They left at 4 o’clock.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Language Reference • 78 Negative statements at or until I listen to music. When talking about time, we use at to talk about didn’t She/He/It clean the house. (did not) We/You/They drink tea. started. the•I specific met Moe time at that 5 o'clock. something happened or note: After do/don’t/doesn’t, we always use the base form of the verb. •We began at Thingyan. • She doesn’t work here We use until to talk about the time that something not: She doesn’t works here. ended. •I worked until seven o'clock. Questions and answers •I studied until I knew all the words. 1. yes/no questions I lock the door? Unit Ten Did She/He/It read the book? We/You/They send the letter? Superlatives 2. Short answers 1. We use superlatives to compare a person, place Positive Negative or thing with the whole group. I I • Su Su is the tallest in the class. She/He/It She/He/It 2. We usually use the before a superlative. Yes, did. No, didn’t. We/You/ We/You/ • This is the best school. They They not: This is best school. 3. wh- questions 3. We often use in after the adjective to show the group. • When did he finish his homework? • How much did they earn? • Bill Gates is the richest person in the world. Note: In questions we always use the base form of Spelling the verb. The spelling of superlatives follows the same • What did he see? not: What did he sees? pattern as comparatives. 1. For one-syllable adjectives, add -est. before, when and after • small—smallest • old—oldest We use the conjunctions before, after and when to If the adjective ends in -e, just add -st. show the order of events. • wise—wisest • cute—cutest 1. If the adjective has one vowel and one he took the test later. consonant, double the consonant. In• Ith studiede sentence before below I took he thestudied test. first and then • wet—wettest • big—biggest 3. In the sentence below, she brushed her teeth 2. For two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, remove the -y and add -iest. • She went to sleep after she brushed her teeth. • dirty—dirtiest • lazy—laziest first and went to sleep later. 2. We use when to show that two events happened 3. For adjectives with two or more syllables (where at the same time. the second syllable is not -y), put most before the • I broke my key when I locked the door. adjective. • I got sick when I was in Dawei • dangerous—most dangerous 3. Sometimes when means 'a short time after'. • beautiful—most beautiful • I made coffeewhen I got home. 4. Some adjectives are irregular. There is no rule. = I made coffeeafter I got home. • good—best • bad—worst • far—furthest 5. The conjunction usually comes in the middle of the sentence, but it can also come at the beginning. • I saw her when I got home. = When I got home, I saw her. 79 • Language Reference Student's Book Think English Elementary and and or 1. And includes all the items. Unit Eleven • You can have chocolate and ice cream. (= You can have chocolate and you can have ice going to cream.) We use to talk about future plans – things 2. Or includes only one. going to we have already decided to do. • You can have chocolate or ice cream. (= You can have one, but not both.) • I’m going to study maths at university. • Thida is going to be a teacher. 3. In negative sentences, and can include one. • You can't have chocolate and ice cream. Statements (But maybe you can have one of them.) ’m visit my 4. In negative sentences, or includes none. I ’m not friend. • You can't have chocolate or ice cream. ’s (You can't have chocolate, and you can't have She/He/It going to be there. ice cream.) isn’t ’re leave but, so and because We/You/They aren’t tomorrow. We use the conjunctions , and to join but so because Note: We always use the base form of the verb after parts of a sentence. going to. We use to show a contrast (difference) 1. but • Moe Aye is going to have a party. between two things. Often, one is positive (good) and one is negative (bad). not: Moe Aye is going to has a party. • I like living in this city but it's very expensive. Questions and answers To make questions with going to, we put am, is or before the subject. 2. We use psoositi to showvE the effect n(result)egati vofe are 1. yes/no questions and short answers. • It was raining so we stayed home. statement: She is going to buy a bicycle. something. The cause/reason comes first. question: Is she going to buy a bicycle? We use to show a cause or reason. 3. Reasobecausen effect answer: • Yes, she is. • I didn't go to work because I was sick. • No, she isn’t. / No, she’s not. effect reason 2. wh- questions 4. • How are they going to get there? With• Because because, I was the sick cause/reason, I didn't go tocan work. come first or • What are you going to do when you graduate? last. If it comes first, we usually add a comma. effect have to have got reason We use have to to show obligation. 1. Have got means the same as have. • I have to do my homework. • I've got a new bike. = I have a new bike. • We have to get a passport. 2. It is more common than have in informal British Statements English. American speakers rarely use it. I/You/We/ have Statements They don't have do it. to have has I/You/We/They one. She/He/It be careful. haven't doesn't have got has She/He/It any ideas. Questions and answers hasn't S tATEMENT: We have to do it. Questions and answers Question: Do we have to do it? S tATEMENT: They've got a new computer. Yes, we do. / No, we don't. Question: Have they got a new computer? Answer: • Yes, they have. / No, they haven't.

ThinkAnswer English: •Elementary Student's Book Language Reference • 80 Punctuation Unit Twelve Full stops and question marks 1. We use full stops to show the end of a statement. Present continuous for 'around now' • We were in England last week. • There isn't any money. 1. We can use the present continuous tense to talk about things happening in a period of time 2. We use question marks to show a question. around now. This period could even last weeks • Were you in England last week? or months, but is always a temporary period (it • Is there any money? has an end). Capital letters • She’s working a lot these days. • I am reading a good book at the moment. We capitalise: Compare it with the present simple which talks 1. about non-temporary activities. • My sister is a doctor The first word in every sentence. • He works in a bank. (He has no plan to quit.) The pronoun . 2. I • She reads more than him. (Always.) • My family and I usually stay at home at 2. When using the present continuous for actions Thingyan. happening around now, we use phrases such as: 3. Names of people and people's titles. • these days, at the moment, this month/week • Mr. Douglas Tickle • King Bhumibol how questions for measurement • Doctor Jones We can use how + adjective questions to ask for Note: We don't usually use capitals for a title measurements. without a name. •How old is it? (age) • He's a doctor. •How far is it (distance) • A king lived here in the 17th century. •How big is it? (size) • She is a bad president. •How tall is it? (height) 4. Nationalities, languages, religions and ethnic groups. Present perfect • Myanmar • Buddhist • Kayin We use the present perfect to connect the past with • English • Christian • Asian the present. We use it to talk about experiences • Thai • Rohingya • African that we have had in our lives. We don't say when they happened. 5. Continents, countries, cities, towns, villages, oceans, seas, lakes, rivers and other natural • I have been to Mandalay. geographical features. • She hasn't eaten Thai food before. • Europe • The Pacific Ocean • Have you seen the film? • The United States • The Andaman Sea Statements • Thailand • Lake Baikal We make the present perfect with the auxiliary • Yangon • The Amazon River have + the past participle. • Hpa-an • Mount Everest subject auxiliary past participle • Paungde ’ve 6. Some school subjects. We capitalise it if it is I/You/We/ visited a nationality, language or religion, or it has a They haven’t been to Bagan number. ’s seen • English not: science She/He/It hasn’t • Maths 101 not: maths NOTE: ’ve = have, ’s = has, n’t = not • Buddhism not: theology

81 • Language Reference Student's Book Think English Elementary Spelling 1. Regular past participles are the same as regular past simple verbs. • I have heard this song before. • I haven't met her. 2. Verbs with an irregular past simple form also have an irregular past participle. Sometimes the past participle is the same as the past simple verb, and sometimes it is different (see the irregular verb list). • I have built a house. • I haven't driven a motorbike. Questions and answers To make questions in the present perfect, we put the auxiliary (have/has) before the subject. 1. yes/no questions and short answers statement: They have.

question: Have they?

answer: • Yes, they have. not: Yes, they’ve. • No, they haven’t. not: No, they’ve not. statement: It has.

question: Has it?

answer: • Yes, it has. not: Yes, it’s • No, it hasn’t not: No, it’s not. 2. wh- questions • Which places has she visited? not: Which places she has visited? • Where have you been? not: Where you have been? ever 1. Ever means 'at any time'. We often use it in present perfect questions to ask about experiences. • Has John ever been to Singapore? • Have you ever written a book? 2. We don't use it in positive statements. • I have been to Singapore. not: I have ever been to Singapore.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Language Reference • 82 Irregular Verbs

base past simple past participle base past simple past participle be was/were been lose lost lost beat beat beaten make made made become became become mean meant meant begin began begun meet met met bend bent bent pay paid paid bet bet bet put put put bite bit bitten read read read blow blew blown ride rode ridden break broke broken ring rang rung bring brought brought rise rose risen build built built run ran run burst burst burst say said said buy bought bought see saw seen catch caught caught seek sought sought choose chose chosen sell sold sold come came come send sent sent cost cost cost set set set cut cut cut sew sewed sewn/sewed deal dealt dealt shake shook shaken dig dug dug shine shone shone do did done shoot shot shot draw drew drawn show showed shown drink drank drunk shrink shrank shrunk drive drove driven shut shut shut eat ate eaten sing sang sung fall fell fallen sink sank sunk feed fed fed sit sat sat feel felt felt sleep slept slept fight fought fought speak spoke spoken find found found spend spent spent fly flew flown split split split forbid forbade forbidden spread spread spread forget forgot forgotten spring sprang sprung freeze froze frozen stand stood stood get got got steal stole stolen give gave given stick stuck stuck go went gone/been sting stung stung grow grew grown stink stank stunk hang hung hung strike struck struck have had had swear swore sworn hear heard heard sweep swept swept hide hid hidden swim swam swum hit hit hit swing swung swung hold held held take took taken hurt hurt hurt teach taught taught keep kept kept tear tore torn know knew known tell told told lay laid laid think thought thought lead led led throw threw thrown leave left left understand understood understood lend lent lent wake woke woken let let let wear wore worn lie lay lain win won won light lit lit write wrote written

83 • Language Reference Student's Book Think English Elementary Phonetic Alphabet

Vowel sounds Consonant sounds /ʌ/ cup, money /b/ bad, cabbage /ɑ:/ car, father /d/ dog, bed /æ/ rat, black /f/ five, half /e/ bed, head /g/ get, bag /ə/ banana, mother /h/ hello, how /ɜ:/ girl, learn /j/ yes, yellow /ɪ/ sit, big /k/ cat, black /i:/ see, meat /l/ leg, little /ɒ/ hot, long /m/ man, tomato /ɔ:/ four, tall /n/ no, ten /ʊ/ good, put /ŋ/ singer, thing /u:/ blue, two /p/ pen, map /aɪ/ eye, five /r/ red, sorry /aʊ/ now, out /s/ see, class /eɪ/ eight, late /ʃ/ she, fish /əʊ/ home, open /t/ tea, meet /ɔɪ/ boy, noise /tʃ/ check, watch /eə/ where, chair /θ/ think, both /ɪə/ ear, here /ð/ this, mother /ʊə/ tourist, cure /v/ vase, five /w/ window, what /z/ busy, lazy

Think English Elementary Student's Book Language Reference • 84 N Paci c Ocean

lake lake Baikal

SINGAPORE Nile River Nile Sahara WORLD MAP

Atlantic Ocean

Amazon River River River Amazon Amazon Amazon Amazon Paci c Ocean

85 • Language Reference Student's Book Think English Elementary Audioscripts

Unit 7 075 Free time activities I don't like jogging 073 Bangkok and Yangon I like eating in restaurants Jessica: I'm going to Bangkok tomorrow on a I love going to the cinema visa run. I don't like swimming Khin Zaw: Oh, OK. Do you like Bangkok? I don't like shopping Jessica: Yes, I do. I love going to Bangkok. I like playing caneball Khin Zaw: Do you like Thai food? I don't like cooking Jessica: Yes, it’s my favourite. I like eating street food in Thailand and I like I really like walking in the park cooking Thai food at home. Khin Zaw: I like Thai food too. What do you do 076 Your free time there? Student: Excuse me. I'm an English student at Jessica: Lots of things. I really like shopping. Yangon University. I'm doing a survey My favourite places are the markets. about people's free time activities. Do I like taking photographs there. I also you have a few minutes to answer my like clubbing at the weekend. questions? Khin Zaw: Do you like jogging? Madhu: Yes, OK. Jessica: No, I don't. Student: What do you like doing in your free Khin Zaw: Really? I love jogging. time? Madhu: I like doing lots of things. I like 074 What do you do in your free time? shopping and having parties. I like Jessica: And do you like Yangon? cooking too. Usually I cook Indian Khin Zaw: Yes, I love it. It’s a beautiful city. food. Jessica: I like it too. What do you do in your Amit: I like swimming. There's a swimming free time? pool next to Kandawgyi. I swim there Khin Zaw: I exercise a lot. I like walking in the every Saturday afternoon. I also parks and I like jogging at Kandawgyi study for my PhD at the weekend - I in the morning. don't like studying at the weekend Jessica: Do you have many friends here? but I don't have much free time. I like Khin Zaw: Yes, quite a lot. listening to music as well. I have lots Jessica: That's good. Do you hang out with of African and Indian music. I listen to them a lot? it in the evenings. Khin Zaw: Yes, every day. We like playing caneball in the evenings, and we love going to rock concerts. My favourite bands are Iron Cross and Side Effect. Jessica: Oh, me too. I love Side Effect. Do you want to go shopping with me today? Khin Zaw: No way! I hate shopping. It's boring.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Audioscripts • 86 077 which 080 What's the weather like? A: What languages do you speak? Lisa: What's the weather like in Yangon B: English and Myanmar. at the moment? A: Which language is easier, English or Paul: It's cool and wet. It's the rainy Myanmar? season now. B: Oh, definitely Myanmar. English Lisa: Does it rain every day in the rainy has so many irregular forms - season? irregular verbs, irregular adjectives, Paul: Yes, it does, but usually it's a bit irregular plural nouns. Myanmar's warmer than this. What's it like in easier. Hull? A: Which one's spicier, mohinga or Lisa: Cold and windy. Thai red curry? Paul: Is it raining? B: Thai red curry. Mohinga isn't spicy, Lisa: No, it's dry, but it's very cold. But but some Thai curries are very that's OK, I like cold weather. spicy. I love spicy food. A: Which ones do you like, the red 081 Months ones or the blue ones? January February March April May June B: The blue ones. Blue is my favourite July August September October colour. November December A: What colour is your bag? B: It's green - it's the small green one 082 Matty's home town there. No, not that one, the smaller My home town is near the sea and winter's one. very cold there. It usually starts getting cold in November. December's colder than 078 North and South Korea November and there's lots of rain, but it North Korea is bigger than South Korea but it doesn't usually snow. has a smaller population. There are 49 million January and February are horrible. It people living in South Korea and only 24 sometimes snows. The days are short - million living in North Korea. sometimes only six or seven hours - and the South Korea is a very modern country. Over nights are long. 80% of the population uses the internet and Spring starts in March. Spring smells different there are 47 million mobile phones. In North - the trees all grow leaves and flowers start to Korea, there is no internet use and only about grow. It's warmer but sometimes it rains. 600,000 mobile phones. Summer starts in May. It's warmer in summer Both countries have large armies. North but sometimes it's wet. In England it rains in Korea's army has 1.2 million soldiers but the every season. South Korean army is bigger. It has 3.7 million Summer ends in September or October. soldiers. Autumn's colder than summer. Flowers and leaves die, the days get shorter and the nights 079 Weather get longer. cloudy warm raining cold 083 Long and short vowels dry hot 1. He likes beans from the bins. wet snowing 2. They shot the short man. cool stormy 3. The match is in March. 4. Don't pull him into the pool.

084 Long and short vowel symbols 1 /ɪ/ /i:/ /ʊ/ /u:/ /ɒ/ /ɔ:/ /æ/ /ɑ:/

87 • Audioscripts Student's Book Think English Elementary 085 Long and short vowel symbols 2 089 Agreeing and disagreeing 1. /ɪ/ bins Jessica: Myanmar grammar's quite easy, 2. /i:/ beans but the pronunciation's difficult. 3. /ʊ/ pull Lee: I disagree. The pronunciation's easy - easier than English. The 4. /u:/ pool spelling's difficult. 5. shot /ɒ/ Jessica: Yes, you're right. Myanmar spelling 6. /ɔ:/ short is really difficult. Is it harder than 7. /æ/ match Chinese? 8. /ɑ:/ March Lee: I don't know. Chinese is my first language, so it's easy for me. 086 Find the mistakes Jessica: Of course. What about Japanese? 1. beach 11. ant Lee: I'm not sure. I can't write Japanese. I speak it a little. 2. ship 12. aunt/aren't Jessica: So you speak English, Chinese, 3. sheep 13. cat Japanese and Myanmar? 4. sheet 14. card Lee: And Spanish, and some French. I 5. hat 15. bored/board think languages are important. 6. heart 16. body Jessica: I agree. I can't speak many though - 7. woman 17. put only English and a little Myanmar. 8. women 18. boot 090 Books and shelves 1 9. often 19. foot Librarian: Put the bigger books on the 10. orphan 20. guitar smaller shelf, and the smaller books on the bigger shelf. 087 The right way Assistant: The bigger books on the bigger 6. heart 15. bored/board shelf and the smaller books on the 7. woman 18. boot smaller shelf? Librarian: No. Put the bigger books on the aunt/aren't foot 12. 19. smaller shelf, and the smaller 14. card 20. guitar books on the bigger shelf. Assistant: Oh, OK. The bigger books on the 088 Something's wrong smaller shelf, and the smaller 1. The woman put the boot on her foot. books on the bigger shelf. 2. He isn’t friendly but he has a good heart. 091 Books and shelves 2 3. Orphans often eat cheap beans. Librarian: Now put the Myanmar books on 4. Look at that big ship! the left hand shelves, and the 5. Do you play every March? English ones on the right, and I think there are some Shan, Kayin and Kachin language books - put them on that shelf next to the door... Assistant: Sorry? Librarian: Myanmar books on the left, and English books on the right. Other languages, next to the door. Assistant: OK. Myanmar left, English right, other languages beside the door.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Audioscripts • 88 092 Information Unit 8 Assistant: Hello. Can I help you? Customer: Yes - I'm looking for information 095 Were you in class yesterday? on historical coins and banknotes Jessica: Hi. Were you in class yesterday? from the Bagan era. Lee: No, I wasn't. Were you? Assistant: Er - can you repeat that? Jessica: No. I was sick. What about you? Customer: Historical coins and banknotes Lee: I was busy. My friend and I were from the Bagan era. at a wedding. We were there until Assistant: Oh - old money. You can try our about 9 o'clock. online catalogue. It's on the table, Jessica: Was Sayama Paw Mu at her house? in front of the English books. Lee: Yes, she was, and she was quite Customer: Thank you. angry because we weren't there. Jessica: Oh. Can I use your phone? I want to 093 Online catalogue call her and say sorry. Customer: Excuse me... Assistant: Yes? 096 Where were you last week? Customer: How does the online catalogue Paul: Where were you last week? work? Amit: I was in Mandalay. Assistant: Turn on the electricity behind the Paul: Why were you there? computer. Then press the switch Amit: I was at a medical conference. on the bottom left, and then type Paul: How long were you there? the password 'library'. Amit: Four days, from Monday to Customer: Sorry. Please speak slowly. Thursday. On Friday there weren't Assistant: Turn on the electricity behind the any speakers. computer. Then press the switch Paul: Where was Madhu? on the bottom left, and then type Amit: She was in Bangkok. the password 'library'. Paul: Why was she there? Customer: Sorry, more slowly, please. Amit: Shopping, of course. Assistant: Turn on the electricity behind the computer. Then press the switch 097 Ordinal numbers 1 on the bottom left. And then type first second third fourth fifth sixth the password 'library'. seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh Customer: OK, thanks. twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth 094 The computer's not working nineteenth twentieth twenty-first Customer: Hi. Um, sorry about this, but I really twenty-second twenty-third twenty-fourth can't work this computer. twenty-fifth twenty-sixth twenty-seventh Assistant: Oh dear. We sometimes have twenty-eighth twenty-ninth thirtieth problems with it. Let's take a look. Customer: Thanks. 098 Ordinal numbers 2 Assistant: Oh right, there's no power. There seventh fourteenth fourtieth twenty-fifth must be a power cut. This often eighth thirty-second eleventh nineteenth happens here - it isn't very regular. seventieth twelfth thirty-first tenth Customer: I'm sorry, I don't understand. Assistant: The electricity is off. Customer: Ah, right. Assistant: Sorry about that. You can try later.

89 • Audioscripts Student's Book Think English Elementary 099 Dates and months 1 106 Difficult numbers 2 1. My sister's birthday is on the seventh of 1. I think there are thirty-three trees on May. third Street. 2. Her party was on June the twentieth. 2. I'm fine, but I can't find my five files. 3. She starts her new job on the fifteenth of 3. Six sick singers are singing the sixth song. November. 4. Tell Ted the test is on the twelfth of 4. We were in Thailand on the first of May. March, twenty-twelve. 5. Manchester United are playing on the 5. The fifth fish is fat, but the first is fast. twenty-ninth of October. 6. My appointment was on the thirty-first of 107 Take a message 1 January. Man: Good afternoon, Interfish. Can I 7. The meeting is on March the fourth. help you? Woman: Good afternoon. I'd like to speak to 100 Dates and months 2 U Soe Lay. 1. The first of January, nineteen oh one Man: I'm afraid U Soe Lay is in a meeting. 2. The thirty-first of May, two thousand and Can I take a message? thirteen Woman: It's Laura Pilchard from the Canny Canning Company. Can he call me 3. January the nineteenth back on 01 5060 238 please? 4. The twenty-first of December, twenty- Man: Laura Pilchard... Canny Canning twelve Company... 01 5060238. 5. April the fourth, two thousand and eight Woman: Thank you. Goodbye. 6. The thirteenth of September, nineteen ninety-four 108 Take a message 2 7. The eleventh of November, nineteen- Madhu: Hello, Madhu Reddy. eighteen Paul: Hi Madhu, is Amit there? Madhu: Oh, hi Paul. No, he's out at the 101 /ð/ and /θ/ 1 moment. Can I take a message? /ð/ the with mother Paul: Oh. Can you tell him I can't meet /θ/ think ninth bathroom him tonight? I'm busy at work. Madhu: OK, sure. 102 /ð/ and /θ/ 2 Paul: Great, thanks. See you! Madhu: See you soon. /ð/ the their they this father clothes /θ/ think thirteen three fourth tenth month

103 Fast sentences Arthur the author’s brother was three on the tenth of this month.

104 Final /θ/ in ordinals 1. eight 2. seven 3. thirtieth 4. thirteenth

105 Difficult numbers 1 three third ​five fifth ​six sixth ​twelve twelfth

Think English Elementary Student's Book Audioscripts • 90 Unit 9 112 Classify the verbs 1 moved married studied ​attended ​started ​ 109 Claude Choules - The Last of killed ​joined hated ​ruled ​declared ​ended ​ the Last defeated died Claude Choules was the last living combatant from World War I. He was born on the 3rd of 113 Classify the verbs 2 March 1901 in England. /t/ worked walked stopped finished talked He left school when he was 13. He wanted to /d/ used loved listened fight in the war and when he was 14, he joined /ɪd/ needed decided repeated the British Navy. The army didn't want him because he was only 14 years old. 114 Good news and bad news Claude left England in 1926 and didn't go back. Claude moved to Australia in 1926. He worked Paw Mu: I had some bad news. for the Australian Navy. In 1927 he married Paul: Oh no, what happened ? Ethel Wildgoose, and they had three children. Paw Mu: My friend's son died in a car He joined the navy and didn't study again for accident. 66 years. In 1981 he did a writing course and TTN: Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. wrote his life story. Paw Mu: He died this morning in hospital. He wrote a book about his life, called The Last His funeral's in three days. My of the Last. He died on the 5th of May 2011, friend is very upset. aged 110. Paul: Oh, that's horrible. Claude fought in both World War I and World TTN: Poor Paw Mu had some bad news War II but he didn't like war. He didn't attend but I had some good news. ceremonies about war. Apsara: What's that? TTN: My niece had a baby last night. She 110 The War to End all Wars gave birth to a little girl. Paul: That’s lovely. On June the 28th, 1914, Gavrilo Princip shot Apsara: Was she a big baby? and killed Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Serbia. TTN: Yes she was. About 5 kilograms. Austro-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and Germany joined the Austro-Hungarians. Russia 115 Apsara's day and Britain then declared war on Germany. Lots of countries joined the war, including Yesterday I was in Bangkok with my family. France, Italy, Japan and the USA. They fought I had breakfast with my mum at 9.30. Then I in Europe, Asia and Africa. The war ended in met my sister in the shopping mall. She was 1918. France, Britain and the USA defeated late. I waited in a coffee shop until she arrived. Germany and Austro-Hungary. We had lunch at 1, and talked about our 60 million soldiers fought in the war, and 15 friends and family. million people died. The survivors called it In the afternoon we went to the hairdresser, 'The War to End all Wars', but 21 years later a then I took my nephew and niece to the second world war started in Europe. cinema. The movie was quite long - we were

111 Past simple pronunciation rules there until 6.30. At 7 we ate dinner in a restaurant. All my Some regular past simple verbs end in a /t/ family came. We stayed at the restaurant until sound. Liked. midnight - we were all really tired when we Some regular past simple verbs end in a /d/ went home. sound. Lived. Some regular past simple verbs add another syllable, and end in a /ɪd/ sound. Wanted.

91 • Audioscripts Student's Book Think English Elementary 116 HDI 119 Changing money in Myanmar The chart shows the HDI of six different Jessica: I want to change 300 dollars. countries - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, the DR What's today's exchange Congo, Holland, Turkey and Vietnam. rate? Holland's HDI number is higher than the other Money changer: 880 kyat to the dollar. four countries' in the chart. Jessica: Oh good - yesterday was 870. Turkey's HDI is higher than Vietnam's. Money changer: Yes, today is better. Afghanistan's HDI is lower than Bangladesh's. Jessica: Here's 100... 200... 300 The Congo's HDI number is lower than the dollars. other five countries' numbers. Money changer: I'm sorry - these notes are no good. Do you have any better 117 Bang Bang notes? Jessica: Oh, bugger. No, I don't. I was five and he was six We rode on horses made of sticks Unit 10 He wore black and I wore white He would always win the fight 120 Geography Bang bang, he shot me down 1. Is there a mountain near here? Bang bang, I hit the ground Bang bang, that awful sound 2. How far's the sea from here? Bang bang, my baby shot me down 3. Does a railway go through here? Seasons came and changed the time 4. Is this place in a valley? When I grew up, I called him mine 5. Where is there a desert? He would always laugh and say 6. Is there a large lake near here? "Remember when we used to play?" 7. Are people are building a dam near here? Bang bang, I shot you down Bang bang, you hit the ground Bang bang, that awful sound 121 I haven't got any money Bang bang, I used to shoot you down Khin Zaw: Hey. How are you? Music played, and people sang Jessica: I'm good. You? Just for me, the church bells rang Khin Zaw: Yeah, I'm fine. Hungry. What are Now he's gone, I don't know why you doing later? And till this day, sometimes I cry Jessica: Don't know. What about you? He didn't even say goodbye Khin Zaw: I want foreign food. Fancy a pizza? He didn't take the time to lie Jessica: I don't know. Pizza's expensive and Bang bang, he shot me down I haven't got any money. Bang bang, I hit the ground Khin Zaw: Don't worry. I've got some money. Bang bang, that awful sound Jessica: OK. Can we go early? I've got a Bang bang, my baby shot me down... job interview tomorrow. Central School wants an English teacher. 118 Changing money Khin Zaw: Oh. Have you got an English teaching qualification? Money changer: Hi, can I help you? Jessica: Yes, I've got a CELTA certificate. Customer: Hi. Do you change The problem is, I really hate Malaysian ringgit? teaching. Money changer: Yes, we do. Khin Zaw: Oh! Why are you applying for a job? Customer: What's the exchange rate for Jessica: Because Yangon's expensive, and I ringgit to baht? haven't got any money... Money changer: 10.06 baht to the ringgit. Customer: Here's 1000 ringgit. Money changer: That's 10,060 baht.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Audioscripts • 92 122 Questions and answers 129 /æ/ and /ʌ/ Person A: Have you got any pets? /æ/ /ʌ/ cat cut​ cap cup​ fan​ fun Person B: Yes, I have. I've got two cats and a rabbit. 130 My family Person A: Have you got a bicycle? My brother’s mother and father are also my Person B: No, I haven't. I don't like cycling. mum and dad. My mum’s brother’s my uncle Person A: Have you got a busy day and his son and daughter are my cousins. tomorrow? When they were young, they caught my fat Person B: Yes, I have. I've got three meetings cat and sat on it for fun, but it had a hard head in the morning. so it isn’t dead. Person A: Have you got a teaching qualification? 131 /ɜ:/ and /ɔ:/ Person B: No, I haven't, but I want to get one /ɔ:/ /ɜ:/ walk work board ​bird ​Paul ​Pearl one day. Person A: Have you got an aeroplane? 132 /ɜ:/ and /a:/ Person B: Of course not. /a:/ /ɜ:/ ​fast first hard heard pass purse 123 's again 1. My brother's got a new apartment. 133 right or wrong? 2. Si Si's got malaria. 1. church 10. went 3. Debbie's a teacher. She works at my 2. world 11. want school. 3. earth 12. hers 4. That dog's dangerous. 4. person 13. has 5. It's an easy exam - don't worry. 5. were 14. girl 6. My wife's got three sisters. 6. war/wore 15. gun 7. Myo Win's motorbike is the fastest bike in 7. bath 16. thirteen town. 8. birth 17. dirty 8. Oh, that school's got some new 9. weren’t 18. early classrooms. 9. My friend's mother is the new MP for our 134 Let's have dinner area. Khin Zaw: Do you want pizza or grilled food? 124 Can you remember? Jessica: Pizza's expensive... Khin Zaw: Let's get pizza. I can pay. /æ/ /a:/ /ɒ/ /ɔ:/ Jessica: Thanks! Where do you want to go? Khin Zaw: Let's go to the Dog and Dragon 125 Identify the sounds Bar. They've got the best pizza. I walk because I haven’t got a car. Jessica: I don't like that bar. How about 25th Street? They've got cheap 126 /æ/ and /e/ 1 pizza on Wednesdays. /æ/ /e/ /æ/ /e/ /æ/ /e/ Khin Zaw: Good idea. Where do you want to meet? How about your house? 127 /æ/ and /e/ 2 Jessica: No, I'm downtown now. Let's meet at 25th Street. man bad sad Khin Zaw: What time? Is 7 o'clock OK? men bed said Jessica: 8 o'clock is better. Can we meet at 8? 128 /æ/ and /e/ 3 Khin Zaw: How about 7.30? 1. bag 5. many Jessica: OK. Let's meet at 7.30. 2. said 6. friends Khin Zaw: OK. See you soon. 3. egg 7. eleven 4. next 8. apple

93 • Audioscripts Student's Book Think English Elementary Unit 11 138 We're going to fly to Bagan Paul: First we're going to fly to Bagan. 135 Geography There are lots of old temples there. This town's near Dawei. It's difficult to get We're going to rent bicyles and there because there are mountains in the cycle around the temples. Then north and east. we're going to take a boat to People usually travel by bus. There are buses Mandalay to see the Grand Palace to Yangon every night. There's a train station and U Bein's Bridge. Then we're but the train's a bit dangerous and very slow. going to go to Inle Lake. We're There's a small airport near the town. There going to stay in a hotel on the lake. are two planes to Yangon every week. Lisa: Are we going to go to the beach? In this town there's a police station. The police Paul: Yes - that's next. After Inle Lake, station's opposite the bus station. There's a we're going to fly to Ngapali beach. travel agent called Travel Asia. It's next to the Lisa: Oh good. I want to lie on the beach MyanMart downtown. There's a pharmacy and relax. behind the travel agent. Paul: Well, we've got three days in Ngapali. Khin Zaw's going to meet 136 Directions us there. We're going to rent a car and drive to Mrauk-U. 1. You're at Nandaw Palace Hospital. Go Lisa: What's in Mrauk-U? west on 29th Street and take the second left. Take the first right and it's on the left. Paul: It was the capital of the Rakhine Kingdom in the 15th century. There 2. From Nandaw Palace Hospital, turn left are lots of ancient buildings. It's a onto 71st Street. Go straight and take the really interesting place. sixth street on the right. Go straight. It's on the right, after Adipadili Road. Lisa: Oh right. Paul: Then we're going to meet Khin 3. At Nandaw Palace Hospital, turn right Zaw's family in Sittwe, and then go onto 71st Street. Go straight, then take your third left. Go straight again, and it's back to Yangon. on the left. Lisa: Are we going to stay in Yangon after that? Paul: 137 To the airport No, then we're going to get the train to Mawlamyine and then to Khin Zaw: When do your wife and son arrive? Dawei. Paul: Today. Their plane gets in at 3 Lisa: Is there a beach in Dawei? o'clock. How do I get to the airport Paul: Yes, Dawei's got a beautiful beach. from here? Lisa: Good. Khin Zaw: You can take a bus or a taxi. Paul: Which bus is it? 139 Do I have to get a visa? Khin Zaw: It's the number 231. Amit: Good morning, I'm Amit Reddy. Paul: Where does it leave from? I want to visit Cambodia with my Khin Zaw: The bus stop on Mahabandoola daughter for a week. Do I have to Garden Street. get a visa? Paul: How much is it? Official: Yes, you do. It costs 30 USD. Khin Zaw: 200 kyat. Amit: Where do I have to get it? Paul: How long does it take? Official: You can get one at the airport on Khin Zaw: About an hour and a half. arrival. Paul: Oh. A taxi is easier and quicker. Amit: Does my daughter have to get a How much is a taxi? visa? She's 10. Khin Zaw: About 4 or 5000 kyat. Official: Yes, she has to get a separate visa. Amit: Do I have to stay in a hotel, or can I stay with my friends? Official: You don't have to stay in a hotel. You can stay with friends.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Audioscripts • 94 140 How do I get to the pagoda? Unit 12 Khin Zaw: Go out of Mrauk-U and go down the small hill. Go over the bridge 143 The Galaxy Song and past the large tree. There's a Just remember that you're standing on a small lake on the left. Walk along planet that's evolving the path next to the lake and you And revolving at nine hundred miles an hour can see a park. Go into the park That's orbiting at nineteen miles a second, so and walk through it. Go up the hill it's reckoned and across the field to Bandoola A sun that is the source of all our power Kyaung. It's about 5 minutes from there to Koe Nawin. The Sun, and you and me, and all the stars that we can see 141 Checking in Are moving at a million miles a day Reception: Good afternoon. Welcome to the In an outer spiral arm, at forty thousand miles an hour Picturebook. Can I help you? Guest: Hi. I'd like a room, please. Of the galaxy we call the Milky Way Reception: Standard or Deluxe? Guest: Standard, please. Do you have any Our galaxy itself contains a hundred billion single rooms? stars Reception: Sorry, all our rooms are double. It's a hundred thousand light years side to side Guest: OK. A double is fine. It bulges in the middle, sixteen thousand light Reception: How many nights? years thick Guest: Three nights. Do you do breakfast? But out by us it's just three thousand light Reception: Yes. Breakfast is free. years wide We're thirty thousand light years from Galactic 142 Checking out Central Point Guest: Can I check out, please? We go round every two hundred million years Reception: Sure. Did you enjoy your stay? And our galaxy is only one of millions of Guest: It was lovely. billions Reception: Good. A Standard room for three In this amazing and expanding universe nights... That's 1500 baht, thanks. Guest: Here you are. Can I have a receipt, please? The universe itself keeps on expanding and Reception: Sure. Here you are. expanding In all of the directions it can whiz As fast as it can go, at the speed of light you know Twelve million miles a minute and that's the fastest speed there is So remember when you're feeling very small and insecure How amazingly unlikely is your birth And pray that there's intelligent life somewhere up in space Because there's bugger all down here on Earth

95 • Audioscripts Student's Book Think English Elementary 144 Measuring things 149 Have you been to Singapore? 1. A: How tall's your house? Lee: Have you been to Thailand, Jessica? B: It's about six metres. Jessica: Yes, lots of times. 2. A: What kind of snake is that? Lee: Me too. Bangkok's expensive. B: It's a Myanmar python. He's called Jessica: Yes, but there are lots of cheaper Monty. places. How about you, Khin Zaw? A: He's huge. How big is he? Have you been to Thailand? B: Four and a half metres Khin Zaw: I haven't, but Khaing Khaing's 3. A: I'd like a box for these books please. been with our mother. Only to B: OK. How big do you want it? Mae Sai though. Have you been to A: I think about 30 centimetres Singapore? by 60 centimetres by 30 Lee: I haven't been to Singapore, but centimetres. I've been to Malaysia. How about B: Sorry, can you repeat that? you, Jessica? A: Yes, I want a box 60 centimetres Jessica: No, but I'm going to move there long, 30 centimetres wide, and 30 next month. centimetres high. Khin Zaw: Really? Why? Jessica: Yes, I've got a job there teaching 145 Space facts English. Let's meet in Singapore a. The Earth, Sun and Moon are about 4.6 soon. billion years old. This is quite young. Khin Zaw: OK. Good idea. Scientists think the universe is 13.7 billion years old. 150 Have you ever worked for your b. The distance from the Earth to the community? Moon changes, but it is usually about Khin Zaw: Jessica, have you ever done 384,400 km. community work? c. The diameter of the Moon is 3,474 km. Jessica: I've recycled plastic and cleaned The diameter of the Earth is 12,756 km. rivers. In Australia, I was in a volunteer environmental 146 Voiced and unvoiced consonants organisation. /b/ bee, cab /p/ pea, cap /d/ ID, wide Khin Zaw: What about you, Sayama? Have have you ever done community /t/ IT, white /g/ goat, bag /k/ coat, back work? Paw Mu: Well, I've taught free English 147 What do you hear? classes. Oh and I've collected gay Paul built donations for people in the Delta. dry class write Now I help street children. pig back bought Khin Zaw: Wow. That's great. bill hard rode Jessica: Yes - you've done a lot. Khin Zaw, have you ever done any community 148 Listen and correct work? 1. You’ve got a nice white coat. Khin Zaw: No, I haven't. But I've thought 2. He had a big, black knife in his pack. about it a lot. In my community, 3. Slow down, please. I can’t write very fast. there are problems between 4. They cut a lot of trees down and built Rakhine and Rohingya people. I'm roads. going to start a youth organisation 5. I’m going to get a cap downtown. for Rakhine and Rohingya. I'm going to call it R and R. Jessica: That's a good idea. Paw Mu: Yes, it is.

Think English Elementary Student's Book Audioscripts • 96 151 The history of computers 153 Goodbye Before World War II there were no computers, Jessica: Well, the plane's going to leave but scientists wanted to make them. A soon. I have to go now. German scientist created the first computer Khin Zaw: Are you going to come back? in 1938. In World War II British, American Jessica: Of course! I'm going to work hard and German scientists built computers and in Singapore, save some money sometimes used them in the war. After the and come back in April. war, the Russians also invented and built Khin Zaw: Oh great! Let's meet up at computers. Thingyan. What about you, Lee? The first computers were very big. Sometimes Lee: I'm going to stay here. I've got a they were bigger than cupboards or rooms. good job working for a newspaper After 1960, computers became smaller and now. cheaper, and by 1980, many televisions, cars Jessica: You're lucky. This job in Singapore and watches had very small computers in pays well, but... them. KK: Remember, we're going to meet Today's computers are very different from you in Singapore, Jessica. We're the first computers. They are usually called saving our money too. personal computers, or PCs. There are two kinds of PC - the desktop and the laptop. Jessica: I know, and that's great, but I'm sad to leave. I'm going to miss Computers are getting better and better. Myanmar. I'm going to miss Some computers can understand human the food, and the beautiful old speech, and some can walk and talk. Now, with the internet and mobile phones, buildings in Yangon, and I'm going computers are more important than in the to miss you guys. past. Khin Zaw: I'm going to miss you too, Jessica. See you in Singapore! 152 Making an appointment KK: Bye! Khin Zaw: Golden Myanmar Tours. Can I help you? Man: This is Taka Murokami from Kyoto Airlines. I want to meet Ms Apsara Maneewan. Is she free tomorrow? Khin Zaw: I'm not sure. Please wait. Apsara, excuse me - I've got Taka Murokami from Kyoto Airlines on the phone. He wants to meet you tomorrow. Apsara: I'm busy until 4 - can he come here after that? Khin Zaw: Hello, Mr Murokami? Ms Maneewan is available after 4, in her office. Man: That's fine. Thank you.

97 • Audioscripts Student's Book Think English Elementary