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Lahore Fort-1.Cdr United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Lahore Fort Master Plan 2006-2011 A project of Norway funds-in-trust Lahore Fort Master Plan 2006-2011 Produced and published by UNESCO Islamabad 2006 Prepared and written by Dr. Pamela Rogers and Yasmeen Lari Copyright © 2006 UNESCO, Islamabad Materials in this report may be reproduced for non-profit purposes, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. Printed at: Format Designers & Printers Lahore - Pakistan This publication is available at: UNESCO Office 1st Floor, Saudi Pak Tower Blue Area, P.O. Box: 2034 Islamabad Pakistan Tel: (92-51) 2800080-83-84 Fax: (92-51) 2800056 e-mail:[email protected] Website: www.un.org.pk/unesco ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Lahore Fort Master plan was prepared as part of the UNESCO NORAD Project for the Conservation and Preservation of Lahore Fort by a team comprising: International Consultant Dr. Pamela Rogers National Consultant Yasmeen Lari UNESCO National Advisor, Lahore Fort Project Specialist Contributors Dr. Mahmood Hussain Member, UNESCO Technical Committee, Lahore Fort Project Fauzia Qureshi Member, UNESCO Technical Committee, Lahore Fort Project Sajida Haider Vandal Member, UNESCO Technical Committee, Lahore Fort Project Dr. M. Ishtiaq Khan, Former UNESCO Regional Advisor for Culture in Asia & the Pacific and Former Director General of Archaeology & Museums, Government of Pakistan Heritage Foundation Pakistan UNESCO Project Documentation Centre, Federal Department of Archaeology and Museums Valuable input was provided at the commencement of the project by those attending the 1st and 2nd Experts Meeting at Lahore Fort, August 2003. In depth discussions and valuable input during the course of preparing the Master Plan were provided by: Mr. Saleemul Haq National Project Coordinator, Lahore Fort Project Director, Northern Circle, Federal Department of Archaeology and Museums Mr. Maqsood Ahmad Malik Deputy National Project Coordinator, Lahore Fort Project Senior Architect, Federal Department of Archaeology and Museums Mr. Lyder Marstrander Senior Advisor International Affairs Directorate for Cultural Heritage, Rikstanikvaren, Norway Officers and Staff of the Federal Department of Archaeology and Museums, Northern Circle, Lahore Fort and the UNESCO NORAD Project Documentation Centre, Lahore Fort. FOREWORD The Shalamar Gardens and Lahore Fort are masterpieces of art and architecture dating back to the Mughal period, which was at its height during the reign of Emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658). The structures within the Lahore Fort include marble palaces and mosques decorated with mosaics and gilt. The elegance of the Shalamar Gardens, built near the city of Lahore on three terraces with lodges, waterfalls and ornamental ponds, is unequalled. Unfortunately, the hydraulic system of the Gardens built around 375 years ago was destroyed in June 1999 to widen the road which borders the gardens on their South side. Around the same time, there was a real risk that Shish Mahal ceiling might collapse. In view of the damage observed and the threat facing the two sites, the World Heritage Committee decided to inscribe the Lahore World Heritage site in the List of World Heritage Sites in Danger. UNESCO obtained funds from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) Norway, the World Heritage Centre (UNESCO Headquarters) and the Getty Foundation (USA) for emergency work to be carried out in both sites. Funds from the Norway Government were used for the stabilization of Shish Mahal ceiling, the Akbari Gateway, Imperial Kitchens and the Pictured Wall. A Master Plan for the conservation and preservation of the Lahore Fort was also developed. The Getty Foundation support was utilized for baseline surveys at the Shalamar Gardens with a view to facilitating the conservation process. The findings of the studies laid down the basis for the development of a Master Plan for the Shalamar Gardens. They also served as a source of information for the Punjab Government to undertake conservation work at the Gardens. UNESCO wishes to thank the Federal Ministry of Culture and the Provincial Ministry of Culture, Punjab, for their continuous support and cooperation. The dynamic leadership of the respective Secretaries, Mr. Jalil Abbas and Mr. Taimur Azmat Osman, has been instrumental in successfully achieving the project objectives. I hope very sincerely that these efforts will be instrumental in getting the Lahore World Heritage sites removed from the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger. Jorge Sequeira Director/Representative PREFACE Culture in Pakistan is enriched with influences and resources of ancient civilizations that flourished in the region over centuries. The historical and archaeological treasures inherited by Pakistan are now being increasingly recognized and appreciated outside the country. The Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens are examples of Mughal architecture, landscaping and craftsmanship at its pools. The two sites were inscribed together in UNESCO's World Heritage List as one site, in 1981, for their outstanding universal value. Due to a general lack of awareness, a lot of encroachments appeared and other environmental factors resulted in damage to these sites. Critical condition of the Shish Mahal ceiling in the Lahore Fort, also contributed to placing of Lahore Fort and Shalamar Gardens on the list of World Heritage in Danger in the year 2000. Since then both the sites attracted attention of international community, which appreciably volunteered to safeguard these Monumental Treasure. With funding from Norway, UNESCO is executing a project, “Conservation and Preservation of Lahore Fort”, which will conclude in October, 2006. Preparation of a Master Plan for Lahore Fort was an important component of the project, besides rehabilitating the Shish Mahal ceiling. Both objectives were successfully achieved during the first phase of the project. Parallel to the Lahore Fort Project, UNESCO sought funds from Getty Foundation; USA and baseline studies were undertaken. The findings were compiled and used as the basis for development of a Maser Plan for Shalamar Gardens. The two Master documents, prepared by a team of highly competent national and international experts, will serve as reference documents and as a 'ready to implement' plan of action up to 2011 and beyond. After transfer of these two monuments to the Government of the Punjab (Pakistan) on 18th August, 2004 we are dedicatedly pursuing to improve the condition of both the monuments to make them alluring for the visitors and beautiful in its appearance. This is an admitted fact that more damage was done to the monuments by environmental factors. Government of the Punjab on the basis of recommendations of experts who have worked for this Master Plan, have developed two different implementation documents worth Rs. 300 Million each for Shalamar Gardens and Lahore Fort. Work on improvement of lawns at both the places/sites is already in progress. The environment of Lahore Fort from two sides is being cleared from a number of encroachments, traffic, electric pools etc. bringing this back to its original outlook. Same efforts are underway in Shalamar Gardens and the most neglected area of “Naqar Khana” is being restored back to its old glory. We are grateful to UNESCO for its interest and support, which facilitated the Punjab Government to pursue its goals. The projects enabled training and capacity building of the relevant staff of Punjab Archaeology Department in documentation, conservation, project management, monitoring and evaluation. Consequently, the two sites are being looked after and maintained by trained and knowledgeable personnel of the Punjab Government. The Master Plan is a comprehensive document, the implementation of which will ensure preservation of the World Heritage site and educate the public at large regarding the significance and value of the country's cultural heritage. Above all, we hope that by following the direction provided by this user-friendly document, we would be able to get the two sites off the list of World Heritage in Danger. Taimur Azmat Osman Secretary Information, Culture & Youth Affairs Department Government of the Punjab LAHORE FORT MASTER PLAN Executive Summary The Lahore Fort Master Plan provides a detailed and complete framework for determining and implementing a coherent set of appropriate actions to preserve and manage this World Heritage site. It aims to ensure that the cultural heritage significance of Lahore Fort is not compromised, and that the values for which the monument was listed are not lost. It is intended to serve primarily as a working document for the custodians of the site. However, it also informs all levels of government and concerned departments of their roles and responsibilities, as well as providing a format for increased community and voluntary involvement in caring for the site. Part 2 presents a brief background to the history of the citadel, and its inscription as a UNESCO World Heritage site. It discusses the site's significance, emphasizing the responsibility of site managers to preserve this within the existing legal and regulatory framework. Part 3 describes the theoretical approach taken by the study team that designed the Master Plan, clarifying the framework within which work was carried out. This includes the approach towards intervention and the setting of conservation priorities. Part 4 presents important core data regarding the significance, condition and conservation needs of the site's structures. It explains the
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