DOCSLIB.ORG

Project 1 (Kabul-Jalalabad Road: Bagramy-Sapary)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Project 1 (Kabul-Jalalabad Road: Bagramy-Sapary) Transport Network Development Investment Program (RRP AFG 44482) Environmental Assessment and Report Initial Environmental Examination Project Number: 44482-02 June 2011 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: Transport Network Development Investment Program (Kabul-Jalalabad Road: Bagramy–Sapary) Prepared by Ministry of Public Works, Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 31 May 2011) Currency Unit – Afghani (AF) AF1.00 = $.0215 $1.00 = AF 46.40 ABBREVIATIONS ADB - Asian Development Bank AP - Affected People CALINE - California Line Source Model CH4 - Methane CO - Carbon Monoxide CRTN - Calculation of Road Traffic Noise CSC - Construction Supervision Consultant DPR - Detailed Project Report EC - Elemental Carbon EHSMU - Environment, Health, and Safety Management Unit EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment EMP - Environmental Management Plan ESMU - Environmental and Social Management Unit FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GHG - greenhouse gas GOA - Government of Afghanistan HC - hydrocarbon HIV/AIDS - Human Immuno Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome IEE - initial environmental evaluation IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change LPG - liquefied petroleum gas MM - man month MPW - Ministry of Public Works N2O - Nitrous Oxide NEPA - National Environment Protection Agency NGO - Non-governmental Agency NILU - Norwegian Institute of Air Research NMVOC - Non-methane Volatile Organic compounds NO2 - Nitrogen Dioxide NOX - Nitrogen Oxide OC - Organic Carbon PM - Particulate Matter PMU - Project Management Unit ROW - right-of-way SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide STD - Sexually Transmitted Disease TSP - Total Suspended Particles UNHCR - UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNMAC - UN Mine Action Center USAID - United States Agency for International Development USEPA - US Environmental Protection Agency USGS - US Geological Survey UXO - Unexploded Ordnance WHO - World Health Organization UNITS cm - Centimeter °Χ - degree Celsius dB - A’ decibel ha - Hectares hr - Hour kg - Kilogram km - Kilometer m - Meter m2 - square meter mg/L - milligram per liter μμ/γ3 - microgram per cubic meter ppm - parts per million NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................9 A. Background .....................................................................................................................10 B. Environmental Clearance Requirements ........................................................................10 1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines ................................. 10 2. ADB Environmental Requirements.............................................................................. 11 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................... 11 A. Overview .........................................................................................................................11 B. Type of Project ................................................................................................................11 C. Need for Project ..............................................................................................................12 D. Location...........................................................................................................................12 E. Size or Magnitude of Operation ......................................................................................12 F. Traffic Volume .................................................................................................................13 G. Proposed Schedule for Implementation ..........................................................................14 H. Detail of the Project.........................................................................................................14 I. General Environmental Profile of the Project Roads.......................................................16 1. Bagramy –Sapary........................................................................................................16 2. Sapary – Totu............................................................................................................. 17 3. Totu – Surkhrod Junction ............................................................................................ 18 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 21 A. Physical Resources in Project Area ................................................................................21 1. Topography ................................................................................................................. 21 2. Climate ........................................................................................................................ 21 3. Soil and Geological Characteristics............................................................................. 23 4. Water Resources.........................................................................................................25 5. Groundwater Resources............................................................................................. 27 6. Water Quality...............................................................................................................28 7. Natural Hazards.......................................................................................................... 28 8. Quarries and Borrow Pits ............................................................................................ 30 9. Air and Noise Quality................................................................................................... 32 B. Ecological Resources in Project Area .............................................................................34 1. Flora and Fauna.......................................................................................................... 34 2. Fisheries...................................................................................................................... 35 3. Protected Areas...........................................................................................................36 4. Land Use..................................................................................................................... 37 C. Socioeconomic Resources in Project Area .....................................................................38 1. Population ................................................................................................................... 38 3. Agriculture ................................................................................................................... 44 4. Industries and Minerals ............................................................................................... 46 5. Road Safety.................................................................................................................49 6. Tourism ....................................................................................................................... 50 IV. screening environmental impacts and mitigation measures ........................................ 51 D. Physical Environment........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 1. Soils and Materials........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. Slope Stability Problems ............................................................................................. 53 3. Climate ..........................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Water............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 5. Air Quality...................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1 6. Noise and Vibration....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7. Rock Blasting .............................................................................................................. 60 8. Demining ..................................................................................................................... 60 9. Quarry sites................................................................................................................. 61 A. Ecological Environment...................................................................................................61 1. Flora ............................................................................................................................ 61 2. Fauna .......................................................................................................................... 62 3. Fish, Fisheries, and Aquatic Biology ..........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Usama Bin Ladin's
    Usama bin Ladin’s “Father Sheikh”: Yunus Khalis and the Return of al-Qa`ida’s Leadership to Afghanistan Harmony Program Kevin Bell USAMA BIN LADIN’S “FATHER SHEIKH:” YUNUS KHALIS AND THE RETURN OF AL‐QA`IDA’S LEADERSHIP TO AFGHANISTAN THE COMBATING TERRORISM CENTER AT WEST POINT www.ctc.usma.edu 14 May 2013 The views expressed in this paper are the author’s and do not necessarily reflect those of the Combating Terrorism Center, the U.S. Military Academy, the Department of Defense or the U.S. government. Author’s Acknowledgments This report would not have been possible without the generosity and assistance of the director of the Harmony Research Program at the Combating Terrorism Center (CTC), Don Rassler. Mr. Rassler provided me with the support and encouragement to pursue this project, and his enthusiasm for the material always helped to lighten my load. I should state here that the first tentative steps on this line of inquiry were made during my time as a student at the Program in Near Eastern Studies at Princeton University. If not for professor Şükrü Hanioğlu’s open‐minded approach to directing my MA thesis, it is unlikely that I would have embarked on this investigation of Yunus Khalis. Professor Michael Reynolds also deserves great credit for his patience with this project as a member of my thesis committee. I must also extend my utmost appreciation to my reviewers—Carr Center Fellow Michael Semple, professor David Edwards and Vahid Brown—whose insightful comments, I believe, have led to a substantially improved and more thoughtful product.
    [Show full text]
  • Left in the Dark
    LEFT IN THE DARK FAILURES OF ACCOUNTABILITY FOR CIVILIAN CASUALTIES CAUSED BY INTERNATIONAL MILITARY OPERATIONS IN AFGHANISTAN Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. First published in 2014 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom © Amnesty International 2014 Index: ASA 11/006/2014 Original language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Cover photo: Bodies of women who were killed in a September 2012 US airstrike are brought to a hospital in the Alingar district of Laghman province. © ASSOCIATED PRESS/Khalid Khan amnesty.org CONTENTS MAP OF AFGHANISTAN .......................................................................................... 6 1. SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Punishment Before Justice: Indefinite Detention in the US
    Physicians for Human Rights Punishment Before Justice: Indefinite Detention in the US June 2011 physiciansforhumanrights.org ABOUT PHYSICIANS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS inside frontPhysicians for Human Rights (PHR) is an independent, non-profit orga- cover nization that uses medical and scientific expertise to investigate human rights violations and advocate for justice, accountability, and the health and dignity of all people. We are supported by the expertise and passion of health professionals and concerned citizens alike. Since 1986, PHR has conducted investigations in more than 40 countries around the world, including Afghanistan, Congo, Rwanda, Sudan, the United States, the former Yugoslavia, and Zimbabwe: 1988 — First to document Iraq’s use of chemical weapons against Kurds 1996 — Exhumed mass graves in the Balkans 1996 — Produced critical forensic evidence of genocide in Rwanda 1997 — Shared the Nobel Peace Prize for the International Campaign to Ban Landmines 2003 — Warned of health and human rights catastrophe prior to the invasion of Iraq 2004 — Documented and analyzed the genocide in Darfur 2005 — Detailed the story of tortured detainees in Iraq, Afghanistan and Guantánamo Bay 2010 — Presented the first evidence showing that CIA medical personnel engaged in human experimentation on prisoners in violation of the Nuremberg Code and other provisions ... 2 Arrow Street | Suite 301 Cambridge, MA 02138 USA 1 617 301 4200 1156 15th Street, NW | Suite 1001 Washington, DC 20005 USA 1 202 728 5335 physiciansforhumanrights.org ©2011, Physicians for Human Rights. All rights reserved. Front cover photo: JOSEPH EID/AFP/Getty Images ISBN:1-879707-62-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2011927978 Bahrain: Medical Neutrality Acknowledgments The lead author for this report is Cara M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Current Detainee Population of Guantánamo: an Empirical Study
    © Reuters/HO Old – Detainees at XRay Camp in Guantanamo. The Current Detainee Population of Guantánamo: An Empirical Study Benjamin Wittes and Zaahira Wyne with Erin Miller, Julia Pilcer, and Georgina Druce December 16, 2008 The Current Detainee Population of Guantánamo: An Empiricial Study Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 The Public Record about Guantánamo 4 Demographic Overview 6 Government Allegations 9 Detainee Statements 13 Conclusion 22 Note on Sources and Methods 23 About the Authors 28 Endnotes 29 Appendix I: Detainees at Guantánamo 46 Appendix II: Detainees Not at Guantánamo 66 Appendix III: Sample Habeas Records 89 Sample 1 90 Sample 2 93 Sample 3 96 The Current Detainee Population of Guantánamo: An Empiricial Study EXECUTIVE SUMMARY he following report represents an effort both to document and to describe in as much detail as the public record will permit the current detainee population in American T military custody at the Guantánamo Bay Naval Station in Cuba. Since the military brought the first detainees to Guantánamo in January 2002, the Pentagon has consistently refused to comprehensively identify those it holds. While it has, at various times, released information about individuals who have been detained at Guantánamo, it has always maintained ambiguity about the population of the facility at any given moment, declining even to specify precisely the number of detainees held at the base. We have sought to identify the detainee population using a variety of records, mostly from habeas corpus litigation, and we have sorted the current population into subgroups using both the government’s allegations against detainees and detainee statements about their own affiliations and conduct.
    [Show full text]
  • The Constitutional and Political Clash Over Detainees and the Closure of Guantanamo
    UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH LAW REVIEW Vol. 74 ● Winter 2012 PRISONERS OF CONGRESS: THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL CLASH OVER DETAINEES AND THE CLOSURE OF GUANTANAMO David J.R. Frakt ISSN 0041-9915 (print) 1942-8405 (online) ● DOI 10.5195/lawreview.2012.195 http://lawreview.law.pitt.edu This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. This site is published by the University Library System of the University of Pittsburgh as part of its D- Scribe Digital Publishing Program and is cosponsored by the University of Pittsburgh Press. PRISONERS OF CONGRESS: THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND POLITICAL CLASH OVER DETAINEES AND THE CLOSURE OF GUANTANAMO David J.R. Frakt Table of Contents Prologue ............................................................................................................... 181 I. Introduction ................................................................................................. 183 A. A Brief Constitutional History of Guantanamo ................................... 183 1. The Bush Years (January 2002 to January 2009) ....................... 183 2. The Obama Years (January 2009 to the Present) ........................ 192 a. 2009 ................................................................................... 192 b. 2010 to the Present ............................................................. 199 II. Legislative Restrictions and Their Impact ................................................... 205 A. Restrictions on Transfer and/or Release
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 4 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED
    UNCLASSIFIED Department of Defense Office the Administrative Review of the Detention of Enemy Combatantsat U.S.NavalBaseGuantanamoBay, Cuba 24 August 2007 To : GUL, AWAL Subject: UNCLASSIFIEDSUMMARYOF EVIDENCEFORADMINISTRATIVE REVIEWBOARDINTHE CASEOF GUL, AWAL 1. An Administrative Review Board will be convened to review your case to determine ifyour continued detention isnecessary . 2. The AdministrativeReviewBoard will conduct a comprehensivereview ofall reasonably available and relevantinformationregardingyour case. At the conclusionofthis review the Board will make a recommendationto: (1) releaseyou to your homestatc ) transferyou to yourhomestate, with conditions uponby theUnitedStatesand your homestate; or ( 3 ) continueyour detentionunderUnitedStates control. 3. The followingprimary factorsfavor continueddetention: a. Commitment 1. Thedetaineestatedthat in he enlistedwithanindividualwho was the local commander ofthe Mujahedin. 2. The individual in the previous statement was a commander of the Hezb- e - GulbuddinKhalis faction. 3. The Hezb- e - IslamiKhalis, HIK , isattemptingto re- establishitselfas jihad organizationfocusedon fightingagainst forces operatingin Afghanistan. The HIKis also attemptingto recruitnewmembersandre- establisholdties withthe TalibanandalQaida. 4. The detainee stated he would travel from Peshawar, Pakistan, where his family was livingas refugees, tojihadwith a commander. 5. The detainee stated that for three Afghan years hewas in chargeoflogistical support for the Jalalabad highway in Afghanistan The detainee's
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded for Personal Non‐Commercial Research Or Study, Without Prior Permission Or Charge
    Hakimi, Aziz Ahmed (2015) Fighting for patronage: American counterinsurgency and the Afghan local police. PhD thesis. SOAS, University of London. Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Fighting for Patronage: American counterinsurgency and the Afghan Local Police AZIZ AHMED HAKIMI Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Development Studies School of Oriental and African Studies University of London 2015 1 Abstract This thesis examines the emergence and evolution of the Afghan Local Police (ALP), a pro-government militia supported by the US military as an entry point for exploring the fluid security and political terrain of post-2001 Afghanistan. The study reveals how the ALP emerged as a compromise between the US ambition to scale up the use of local militias and the Afghan president’s attempts to control the local armed groups and the flow of patronage that the US support to these groups represented.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR)
    SIGAR SIGAR SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL Special Inspector General for JAN 30 FOR AFGHANISTAN RECONSTRUCTION Afghanistan Reconstruction 2019 | 2530 Crystal Drive REPORT QUARTERLY SIGAR Arlington, VA 22202 www.sigar.mil QUARTERLY REPORT TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS TO THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS UNITED STATES FRAUD, WASTE, OR ABUSE MAY BE REPORTED TO SIGAR’S HOTLINE By phone: Afghanistan Cell: 0700107300 DSN: 318-237-3912 ext. 7303 All voicemail is in Dari, Pashto, and English. By phone: United States Toll-free: 866-329-8893 | DSN: 312-664-0378 30, 2019 JANUARY All voicemail is in English and answered during business hours. By fax: 703-601-4065 By e-mail: [email protected] By Web submission: www.sigar.mil/investigations/hotline/report-fraud.aspx 1 SIGAR Report Fraud, Waste or Abuse The National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2008 (Pub. L. No. 110- 181) established the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR). SIGAR’s oversight mission, as defined by the legislation, is to provide for the independent and objective • conduct and supervision of audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations funded with amounts appropriated or otherwise made available for the reconstruction of Afghanistan. • leadership and coordination of, and recommendations on, policies designed to promote economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in the administration of the programs and operations, and to prevent and detect waste, fraud, and abuse in such programs and operations. • means of keeping the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense fully and currently informed about problems and deficiencies relating to the administration of such programs and operation and the necessity for and progress on corrective action.
    [Show full text]
  • November 28, 2012 Department of Defense OSD/JS FOIA Requester
    LEGAL DEPARTMENT National Security Project November 28, 2012 Department of Defense OSD/JS FOIA Requester Service Center Office of Freedom of Information 1155 Defense Pentagon Washington, DC 20301-1155 U.S. Southern Command AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION ATTN: SCPA (FOIA) NATIONAL OFFICE 125 BROAD STREET, 9301 NW 33rd St 18TH FL. Doral, FL 33172 NEW YORK, NY 10004-2400 T/212.549.2500 F/212.549.2651 WWW.ACLU.ORG CDR USAMEDCOM OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS ATTN: FOIA SUSAN N. HERMAN PRESIDENT 2404 Stanley Road ANTHONY D. ROMERO Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234-6021 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Department of the Army Freedom of Information and Privacy Office 7701 Telegraph Road Casey Building, Suite 144 ATTN: JDRP-RDF Alexandria, VA 22315-3905 Department of the Navy PA/FOIA Policy Branch N09B30 2000 Navy Pentagon Washington, DC 20350-2000 Re: REQUEST UNDER FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT / Expedited Processing Requested To Whom This May Concern: This letter constitutes a request (“Request”) pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5 U.S.C. § 552 et seq., and the Department of Defense implementing regulations, 32 C.F.R. § 286.1 et seq. The Request is LEGAL DEPARTMENT National Security Project submitted by the American Civil Liberties Union Foundation and the American Civil Liberties Union (collectively, the “ACLU”).1 I. Requested Records Requesters seek the release of: Any autopsy reports, death certificates, or other final reports relating to the deaths of Adnan Farhan Abdul Latif (ISN 156), Hajji Nassim (a.k.a. “Inayatullah”) (ISN 10029), and Awal Gul AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION FOUNDATION (ISN 782). NATIONAL OFFICE 125 BROAD STREET, 18TH FL.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Strategic Review 2016 Editors Muni • Chadha 5 3 8 8 4 7 2 Eforms 8 ` 995 1 8 8 7 9 ISBN 978-81-8274-883-5 Ractices
    For nearly forty years, Professor S.D Muni taught, The emerging trends of terrorism in Asia have in the conducted and supervised research, in international recent past challenged the conventional wisdom that relations and South Asian Studies at Jawaharlal Nehru Asian Strategic Review dictated and defined violence by non-state actors. Other Titles from IDSA University (1974-2006), National University of This, as the chapters in this volume suggest, is Singapore (2008-2013), Banaras Hindu University Core Concerns in Indian Defence and the Imperatives for Reforms illustrated by its distinct characteristics, forcing the (1985-86), and University of Rajasthan (1972-73). At Vinod Misra ASIAN world at large to grapple with these threats, including Jawaharlal Nehru University he held the prestigious ISBN 978-81-8274-818-7 volunteers from countries that had remained isolated Appadorai Chair of International Politics and Area from the contagion until now. Emerging Strategic Trends in Asia Studies. Prof. Muni also served as India's Special Uttam Kumar Sinha Various facets of the challenge from the Islamic State Envoy on UNSC Reforms (2005) and Ambassador in ISBN 978-81-8274-823-1 STRATEGIC (IS) and the unfolding contours of terrorism in Asia, Lao People's Democratic Republic (1997-99). In 2005 have been analysed and written about in the past. he was bestowed with 'Sri Lanka Ratna', Sri Lanka's Asian Strategic Review 2014 S D Muni and Vivek Chadha Most of the perspectives have, however, been highest honour for a foreign national. In October 2014, ISBN 978-81-8274-769-2 Western, with a sprinkling of Asian views.
    [Show full text]
  • Assemblée Générale Distr
    Nations Unies A/HRC/20/22/Add.3 Assemblée générale Distr. générale 30 mars 2012 Français Original: anglais Conseil des droits de l’homme Vingtième session Point 3 de l’ordre du jour Promotion et protection de tous les droits de l’homme, civils, politiques, économiques, sociaux et culturels, y compris le droit au développement Rapport du Rapporteur spécial sur les exécutions extrajudiciaires, sommaires ou arbitraires, Christof Heyns Additif Suite donnée aux recommandations adressées aux États-Unis d’Amérique* Résumé Dans le présent rapport, le Rapporteur spécial sur les exécutions extrajudiciaires, sommaires ou arbitraires analyse les mesures prises par les États-Unis d’Amérique pour donner effet aux recommandations formulées par le précédent titulaire de mandat qui s’était rendu dans le pays du 16 au 30 juin 2008. Si les États-Unis d’Amérique méritent d’être salués pour la situation positive en ce qui concerne les exécutions extrajudiciaires, il demeure trois domaines dans lesquels des améliorations importantes sont nécessaires. Ces domaines, exposés dans le rapport de mission (A/HRC/11/2/Add.5), sont le respect des garanties judiciaires dans les procès à l’issue desquels la peine de mort est prononcée, la transparence dans les interventions de police et les opérations militaires et de renseignement, et la responsabilité pour les décès qui pourraient résulter d’actes illicites, survenus dans le cadre des opérations internationales. * Le résumé du présent rapport est distribué dans toutes les langues officielles. Le rapport proprement dit est joint en annexe au résumé, et il est distribué dans la langue originale seulement. GE.12-12544 (F) 100412 160412 A/HRC/20/22/Add.3 Il faut donner acte au Gouvernement des mesures concrètes qu’il a prises pour mieux enquêter sur les décès de personnes détenues dans les centres pour immigrants et éviter que ne surviennent de tels cas.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan Security Report 2017
    Conflict and Peace Studies VOLUME 10 Jan - June 2018 NUMBER 1 PAKISTAN SECURITY REPORT 2017 PAK INSTITUTE FOR PEACE STUDIES (PIPS) A PIPS Research Journal Conflict and Peace Studies Copyright © PIPS 2018 All Rights Reserved No part of this journal may be reproduced in any form by photocopying or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage or retrieval systems, without prior permission in writing from the publisher of this journal. Editorial Advisory Board Khaled Ahmed Dr. Catarina Kinnvall Consulting Editor, Department of Political Science, The Friday Times, Lahore, Pakistan. Lund University, Sweden. Prof. Dr. Saeed Shafqat Dr. Adam Dolnik Director, Centre for Public Policy and Governance, Professor of Counterterrorism, George C. Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, Germany. Marco Mezzera Tahir Abbas Senior Adviser, Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Professor of Sociology, Fatih University, Centre / Norsk Ressurssenter for Fredsbygging, Istanbul, Turkey. Norway. Prof. Dr. Syed Farooq Hasnat Rasul Bakhsh Rais Pakistan Study Centre, University of the Punjab, Professor, Political Science, Lahore, Pakistan. Lahore University of Management Sciences Lahore, Pakistan. Anatol Lieven Dr. Tariq Rahman Professor, Department of War Studies, Dean, School of Education, Beaconhouse King's College, London, United Kingdom. National University, Lahore, Pakistan. Peter Bergen Senior Fellow, New American Foundation, Washington D.C., USA. Pak Institute for Peace Studies ISSN 2072-0408
    [Show full text]