International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
'HVLJQDQG)DEULFDWLRQRI*HDU&XWWLQJ $WWDFKPHQWWR/DWKH)RU0DFKLQLQJ$6SXU *HDU
06DJDU.XPDU Assistant professor Department Of Mechanical Engineering K G Reddy College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana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
Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 277 ISSN: 2319 – 1058 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
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
Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 278 ISSN: 2319 – 1058 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
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¡ 7KH VWDQGDUG SUHVVXUH DQJOHV DUH DQG $GGHQGXP ,WLVWKHUDGLDOGLVWDQFHRIDWRRWKIURPWKHSLWFKFLUFOHWRWKHWRSRIWKHWRRWK 'HGHQGXP ,WLVWKHUDGLDOGLVWDQFHRIDWRRWKIURPWKHSLWFKFLUFOHWRWKHERWWRPRIWKHWRRWK $GGHQGXPFLUFOH ,WLVWKHFLUFOHGUDZQWKURXJKWKHWRSRIWKHWHHWKDQGLVFRQFHQWULFZLWKWKHSLWFKFLUFOH 'HGHQGXPFLUFOH ,WLVWKHFLUFOHGUDZQWKURXJKWKHERWWRPRIWKHWHHWK,WLVDOVRFDOOHGURRWFLUFOH &LUFXODU3LWFK ,WLVWKHGLVWDQFHPHDVXUHGRQWKHFLUFXPIHUHQFHRIWKHSLWFKFLUFOHIURPDSRLQWRIRQHWRRWKWR WKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJSRLQWRQWKHQH[WWRRWK,WLVXVXDOO\GHQRWHGE\SF 0DWKHPDWLFDOO\&LUFXODUSLWFKSF Ȇ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
Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 279 ISSN: 2319 – 1058 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
)LJ )LQDO$VVHPEO\RI$WWDFKPHQWIRU*HDU&XWWLQJ FABRICATION ATTACHMENT TO LATHE: Base Plate: $EDVHSODWHVHUYHVDVDEDVHRUVXSSRUW1XPEHURIKROHVLVSURYLGHGRQLWVRWKDWLWFDQEHIL[HGWRWKH ODWKHE\PDNLQJXVHRIEROWV$EDVHSODWHVKRXOGKDYHHQRXJKVWUHQJWKDQGVWLIIQHVVWREHDUWKHZHLJKWRIWKHZKROH HTXLSPHQW2WKHUSURSHUWLHVRIWKHEDVHSODWHLQFOXGHVKDUSILQLVKKLJKULJLGLW\TXLFNIXQFWLRQDOLW\DQGFRPSDFW VL]H7KHPDWHULDOXVHGIRUWKHIDEULFDWLRQRIWKLVSDUWLVPLOGVWHHOZLWKWKHGLPHQVLRQVRIPPîPPîPP 7KHRSHUDWLRQVLQYROYHGLQWKLVPDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVDUH FXWWLQJPLOOLQJDQGVXUIDFHJULQGLQJ
)LJ %DVH3ODWH Gear Housing: 7KHPDLQ3XUSRVHRIJHDUKRXVLQJLVLWVXSSRUWVWKHERWKZRUPZKHHODQGZRUPVKDIW7KHPDWHULDO LVXVHGIRUWKLVPDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVLVPLOGVWHHO7KHRSHUDWLRQVLQYROYHGLQWKLVPDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVDUH FXWWLQJPLOOLQJVXUIDFHJULQGLQJZHOGLQJDQG-LJERULQJ
)LJ *HDU+RXVLQJ Worm wheel and Worm shaft:
)LJ D :RUPZKHHO )LJ E :RUPVKDIW
Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 280 ISSN: 2319 – 1058 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
7KHPDLQSXUSRVHRIZRUPZKHHODQGZRUPVKDIWLVLWJLYHVWKHURWDWLRQWRZRUNSLHFHDIWHUFRPSOHWLRQRI WKHVLQJOHJHDUFXWWLQJRSHUDWLRQ7KHPDWHULDOVHOHFWHGIRUWKHZRUPZKHHOLVFDVWLURQDQGIRUZRUPVKDIWLV(1 )RU KROGLQJ WKH ZRUP ZKHHO D VKDIW LV PDQXIDFWXUHG E\ WKH PDWHULDO (1 ZDV VHOHFWHG DQG WKH PDQXIDFWXULQJ SURFHVVDUHLQYROYHGIRUIDEULFDWLRQRIWKHVKDIWDUHWXUQLQJGULOOLQJ7KHRSHUDWLRQVLQYROYHGIRUWKHPDQXIDFWXULQJ RIZRUPVKDIWDUHWXUQLQJWKUHDGLQJ Index Plate and Crank: 7KHPDLQSXUSRVHRIWKLV,QGH[SODWHLWJLYHVGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQWHHWKWRWHHWKRIJHDUE\WKHURWDWLRQRILQGH[ SLQ RQ LQGH[ SODWH 7KH PDWHULDO VHOHFWHG IRU ,QGH[ SODWH DQG FUDQN LV PLOG VWHHO 7KH RSHUDWLRQV LQYROYHG LQ PDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVDUHFXWWLQJPLOOLQJGULOOLQJDQGVXUIDFHJULQGLQJ
)LJ ,QGH[3ODWHDQG&UDQN Mandrel: 7KHSXUSRVHRIDPDQGUHOLVDGHYLFHIRUKROGLQJDQGURWDWLQJDKDOORZSLHFH7KHPDWHULDOVHOHFWHGIRUWKLV PDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVLV(1PDWHULDO7KHSURFHVVHVLQYROYHGLQWKLVPDQXIDFWXULQJSURFHVVDUHWXUQLQJIDFLQJ GULOOLQJ
)LJ 0DQGUHO
Bolts and Nuts͗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
)LJ %ROWVDQG1XWV Cutter: 7KHPDLQSXUSRVHRIFXWWHULVWRFXWWLQJWKHJHDURUJHDUEODQN7KHPDWHULDORIFXWWHULV+LJK6SHHG6WHHO 7KHGLDPHWHURIFXWWHULVPPDQGQXPEHURIWHHWKRQFXWWHULV7KHSURSHUWLHVRI+66DUHKLJKKDUGQHVVKLJK DEUDVLRQUHVLVWDQFHDQGKLJKWHPSHUDWXUHUHVLVWDQFH
Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 281 ISSN: 2319 – 1058 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
)LJ &XWWHU
Gear Cutting Attachment to Lathe:
)LJ *HDU&XWWLQJ$WWDFKPHQWWR/DWKH
Mechanism of Gear Cutting Attachment to Lathe: )LUVWUHPRYHWKHFRPSRXQGVOLGHIURPODWKHDQGWKHDWWDFKPHQWLV IL[HGRQWKHFURVVVOLGHZLWKEROWVDQGQXWV7KHFXWWHULVWLJKWHQHGWRWKHPDQGUHOZLWKWKHQXW1RZWKHPDQGUHOLV SODFHGLQWKHKHDGVWRFNRIWKHODWKH7KHZRUNSLHFHLVSODFHGRQWKHZRUNSLHFHDQGWLJKWHQHGWKDW7KHRSHUDWLRQLV VWDUWHG E\ VZLWFK RQ ODWKH 7KH PDQGUHO LV URXQGHG DURXQG LWVHOI DQG LWV FXWV WKH ZRUN SLHFH 7KLV RSHUDWLRQ LV FRQWLQXHGWLOOWKHRXWSXWJHWV The output of the Gear Cutting Attachment to Lathe
)LJ 7KHRXWSXWRIWKH*HDU&XWWLQJ$WWDFKPHQWWR/DWKH
Cost effectiveness in spur gear manufacturing: &RPSDUHZLWKRWKHUPHWKRGVWKLVLVWKHFKHDSDQGEHVWPHWKRGWR VPDOODQGPHGLXPVFDOH,QGXVWULHV ,,,163(&7,21
Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 282 ISSN: 2319 – 1058 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
Gear Profile Measurements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ool Maker Microscope:
$JHQHUDOYLHZRIWKHVPDOOPRGHORIWRROPDNHU¶VPLFURVFRSHJLYLQJLWLVGHVLJQDQGLWLVRSWLFDO V\VWHPLVVKRZQLQILJXUH7KLVLVGHVLJQHGIRUPHDVXUHPHQWRISDUWVRIFRPSOH[ILJXUHSURILOHVRIH[WHUQDOWKUHDGV WRROWHPSODWHVDQGJDXJHV,WFDQEHXVHGWRPHDVXUHFHQWUHWRFHQWUHGLIIHUHQFHRIKROHVLQGU\SODQHDVZHOODVLQ FRRUGLQDWHPHDVXULQJV\VWHPV%DVLFDOO\LWFRQVLVWVRIWKHRSWLFDOKDQGZKLFKFDQEHDGMXVWHGYHUWLFDOO\DORQJWKH JXLGHZD\VRIWKHVXSSRUWLQJFROXPQ7KHRSWLFDOKHDGFDQEHLQDQ\SRUWLRQE\VFUHZ7KHZRUNLQJWDEOHRQZKLFK SDUWVWREHLQVSHFWHGDUHSODFHGRQDKHDY\KROORZER[7KHWDEOHKDVDFRPSRXQGVOLGHE\PHDQVRIZKLFKWKH PHDVXUHPHQWSDUWKDVORQJLWXGLQDODQGODWHUDOPRYHPHQW7KHEHDPRIWKHOLJKWSDVVHVWKURXJKWUDQVSDUHQWJODVV SODWHRQZKLFKSDUWVWREHFKHFNHGDUHSODFHG
Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 283 ISSN: 2319 – 1058 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
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
,,,&21&/86,216 7KHPHGLXP GXW\FHQWUHODWKHRIVWDQGDUGSRZHUNZLVFDSDEOHRIFXWWLQJVSXUJHDUV *HDUVXSWRDGLDPHWHURIPPDQGPRGXOHEHWZHHQWRFDQEHJHQHUDWHG 7KHSURILOHFRPSDULVRQSURYHGWKHTXDOLW\REWDLQHGLVFRPSDUDEOHWRPLOOLQJ 7KHDWWDFKPHQWFDQEHXSJUDGHGIRUPDFKLQLQJPLOGVWHHOJHDUV 7KHPDQXIDFWXULQJFRVWRIJHDUPD\EHUHGXFHGE\WKLVPHWKRGZKLFKZLOOEHKHOSIXOWRVPDOODQGPHGLXP LQGXVWU\ 5()(5(1&(6 >@ 70RULZDNL>@³0XOWLIXQFWLRQDOPDFKLQHWRRO´&,53$QQDOV0DQXIDFWXULQJ7HFKQRORJ\3DJH1R ± >@ (YJHQ\ 3RG]KDURY 9ODGLPLU 6\URP\DWQLNRY -XOLD 3DWULFLD 3RQFH 1DYDUUR DQG 5LFDUGR 3RQFH 1DYDUUR >@ ³6WDWLF DQG '\QDPLF 7UDQVPLVVLQ(UURULQ6SXU*HDUV´WKH2SHQ,QGXVWULDODQG0DQXIDFWXULQJ(QJLQHHULQJ-RXUQDO9ROXPH1R 3DJH1R >@ 6DFKLGDQDQGD+.-RVHSK*RQVDOYLVDQG3UDNDVK+5>@³$QDO\VLVRIFRQWDFWVWUHVVHVLQDOWHUHGWRRWKVXPVSXUJHDULQJ´-RXUQDORI $SSOLHG0HFKDQLF(QJJ 9ROXPH1R ,VVXH1R 3DJH1R >@ 773HWU\-RKQVRQ$.DKUDPDQ1($QGHUVRQ'5&KDVH>@³([SHULPHQWDO,QYHVWLJDWLRQ2I6SXU*HDU(IILFLHQF\´3URFHHGLQJVRI WKH $60( ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 'HVLJQ (QJLQHHULQJ 7HFKQLFDO &RQIHUHQFHV &RPSXWHUV DQG ,QIRUPDWLRQ LQ (QJLQHHULQJ &RQIHUHQFH ,'(7&&,(6HSWHPEHU/DVYHJDV1HYDGD86$'(7& >@ *0DGKXVXGDQ&59LMD\DVLPKD> @³$SSURDFKWR6SXU*HDU'HVLJQ´&RPSXWHU$LGHG'HVLJQ9ROXPH ,VVXH'HFHPEHU 3DJHV1R >@ $MR\.XPDU'DV> @³7HFKQRORJLFDOKHUHGLW\LQVSXUJHDUPDQXIDFWXULQJ´-RXUQDOVRI0DWHULDOV3URFHVVLQJ7HFKQRORJ\%DQJODGHVK ,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\'KDND3DJH1R >@ 3DWHO.3>@³([SHULPHQWDODQDO\VLVRQVXUIDFHURXJKQHVVRI&1&HQGPLOOLQJSURFHVVXVLQJ7DJXFKLGHVLJQPHWKRG´,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDORI(QJLQHHULQJ6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\9ROXPH1R,661 3DJH1R
Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 284 ISSN: 2319 – 1058 International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET)
>@ :./XN> @³$6\VWHPRI6SHFLILFDWLRQRI/DWKHWRRO1RPHQFODWXUH´-RXUQDORI(QJLQHHULQJIRU,QGXVWU\7UDQVDFWLRQVRI$60( 0D\SDJHQR > @ 0=DGVKDNRX\DQ($EGL6REERXFKL+-DIDU]DGHK> @³$6WXG\RQWKH+HDGLQJRI6SXU*HDUV 1XPHULFDO$QDO\VLVDQG([SHULPHQWV´ :RUOG$FDGHP\RI6FLHQFH(QJLQHHULQJDQG7HFKQRORJ\3DJH1R >@ $%KDWWDFKDU\\D 65'HE > @ ³0HFKDQLFV RI *HDU +REELQJ´ -RXUQDO RI (QJLQHHULQJ IRU ,QGXVWU\ 7UDQVDFWLRQV RI WKH $60( )HEUXDU\3DJH1R >@ %9HQNDWHVK9.DPDOD$0.3UDVDG>@³'HVLJQ0RGHOOLQJDQG0DQXIDFWXULQJRI+HOLFDO*HDU´,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI$SSOLHG (QJLQHHULQJUHVHDUFK'LQGLJXO,661 9ROXPH1R 3DJH1R >@ 7XDQ 1JX\HQ +VLDQJ +/LQ >@ ³&RPSDFW 'HVLJQ IRU 1RQVWDQGDUG 6SXU *HDUV´ -RXUQDO RI 0HFKDQLFDO $HURVSDFH DQG ,QGXVWULDO (QJLQHHULQJ9ROXPH ,VVXH 3DJH1R >@ -:6XWKHUODQG5('HYRU6*.DSRRU30)HUUHLUD> @³0DFKLQLQJ3URFHVV0RGHOVIRU3URGXFWDQG3URFHVV'HVLJQ´ 6RFLHW\RI $XWRPRWLYH(QJLQHHUV 3DJH1R >@ 06DYDJH 6%/DWWLPH -$.LPPHO ++&RH > @ ³2SWLPDO 'HVLJQ RI &RPSDFW 6SXU *HDU 5HGXFWLRQV´ 6L[WK ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 3RZHU 7UDQVPLVVLRQDQG*HDULQJ&RQIHUHQFH$PHULFDQ6RFLHW\RI0HFKDQLFDO(QJLQHHUV6HSWHPEHU3DJH1R >@ *LOOHV'HVVHLQ;DYLHU'HVIRUJHV³5HODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQVSHHGDQGDFFXUDF\LQ+LJK6SHHG0DFKLQLQJ´1DWLRQDO(QJLQHHULQJ6FKRRORI 7DUEHV3DJH1R >@ 6.+DMUD&KRXGKXU\6.%RVH$.+DMUD&KRXGKXU\1LUMKDU5R\³(OHPHQWVRI:RUNVKRS7HFKQRORJ\9RO ,,0DFKLQH7RROV´0HGLD 3URPRWHUVDQG3XEOLVKHUV3YW/WGWK(GLWLRQ >@ $%KDWWDFKDU\\D>@³0HWDO&XWWLQJ7KHRU\DQG3UDWLFH´1HZ&HQWUDO%RRN$JHQF\ 3 /WG >@ $UVKLQRY$OHNVHHY> @³0HWDO&XWWLQJ7KHRU\DQG&XWWLQJWRRO'HVLJQ´0LU3XEOLVKHUV
Special Issue NCRTEEFOSS-2016 285 ISSN: 2319 – 1058