New Developments in Gear Hobbing
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Nov. 25, 1924. E. R., FELLOWS 1,516,524 GEAR GENERATING CUTTING MACHINE Original Filed Aug. 29, 1918 4 sheets-Sheet 1 S. : O 3.É SS E. ,NSS lat o GS: &\s(1712; s A. Z72 (ve aeoz, Zézzzzz v 72 A.2deavs 2/hi-4. 2.-- Nov. 25, 924. E. R. Fellows 1,516,524. GEAR GENERATING CUTTING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. Noy. 25, 1924. 1,516 y 524 E. R. FELLOWS GEAR GENERATING CUTTING MACHINE Original Filled Aug. 29, 1918 4. Sheets-Sheet 3 2 22Z. 2 eas 2 2 UraC 2 S. s es Z2Zove) Z2 Zézeous - y43-24,A/rye, Nov. 25, 1924. E. R. FELLOWS 1,516,524 y - S S rt CyN s l Sl8 lsSS NS N S/T s ) Zazzo- ZZeizvezoz7.(7.7%is S 27.4 (3-417.'77 elegas Patented Nov. 25, 1924. 516,524 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EDWIN, R., FELLOWS, OF SPRING FIELD, WERIYCNT, ASSIGNOR, TO THE FELLOWS GEAR, SHAPER, COWIPANY, OF SPRING-FIELD, VERTEOINT, A. CORPORATION OF VERVIONT. GEAR GENERATING CUTTING INACHINE. Application filed August 29, 1918, Serial No. 251,902. Renewed April 19, 1924. To all whom it may concern. takes place. This relative movement is the 55 Be it known that, I, EDWIN, R. FELLOWs, resultant of combined movements of rota a citizen of the United States, residing at tion and translation, and may be produced Springfield, in the county of Windsor and in any of three ways, that is; first, by giv 5 State of Vermont, have invented new and ing both movements to the gear, in which useful inprovements in Gear Generating Case the resultant motion is the same as 60 Cutting Machines, of which the following is though the gear were rolled on its base cyl 3. -
Gear Cutting and Grinding Machines and Precision Cutting Tools Developed for Gear Manufacturing for Automobile Transmissions
Gear Cutting and Grinding Machines and Precision Cutting Tools Developed for Gear Manufacturing for Automobile Transmissions MASAKAZU NABEKURA*1 MICHIAKI HASHITANI*1 YUKIHISA NISHIMURA*1 MASAKATSU FUJITA*1 YOSHIKOTO YANASE*1 MASANOBU MISAKI*1 It is a never-ending theme for motorcycle and automobile manufacturers, for whom the Machine Tool Division of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) manufactures and delivers gear cutting machines, gear grinding machines and precision cutting tools, to strive for high precision, low cost transmission gears. This paper reports the recent trends in the automobile industry while describing how MHI has been dealing with their needs as a manufacturer of the machines and cutting tools for gear production. process before heat treatment. A gear shaping machine, 1. Gear production process however, processes workpieces such as stepped gears and Figure 1 shows a cut-away example of an automobile internal gears that a gear hobbing machine is unable to transmission. Figure 2 is a schematic of the conven- process. Since they employ a generating process by a tional, general production processes for transmission specific number of cutting edges, several tens of microns gears. The diagram does not show processes such as of tool marks remain on the gear flanks, which in turn machining keyways and oil holes and press-fitting bushes causes vibration and noise. To cope with this issue, a that are not directly relevant to gear processing. Nor- gear shaving process improves the gear flank roughness mally, a gear hobbing machine is responsible for the and finishes the gear tooth profile to a precision of mi- crons while anticipating how the heat treatment will strain the tooth profile and tooth trace. -
Intelligent Process Optimization „Innovation Is Our Future.“ Sascha Tschiggfrei, CEO the Future Has Begun
Intelligent Process Optimization „Innovation is our future.“ Sascha Tschiggfrei, CEO The Future has begun As a global market leader, we manufacture technologically advanced high precision tool holders for turning centers and swiss type lathes that are known for high performance and long life-time. Using our new “smart” technology, our customers will be able to intelligently optimize and monitor their processes in the future. Intelligent Process State-of-the-art technology for maximum productivity. With this claim, WTO develops Optimization and produces superior precision tool holders in terms of technology and quality. Used intelligently, processes are optimized and production becomes more productive. WTO Driven Precision Tool Holders equipped with innovative „smart“ technology enable intelligent online process monitoring. “Consistent development - always one step ahead.” Karlheinz Jansen, CTO High Tech – Made in Germany From the technical design to the finished product we make no compromises when it comes to manufacturing our high precision tool holders. Permanent investment in state-of-the-art production technologies, high quality standards and a large manufacturing depth. Our products are in use worldwide, wherever precision parts are manufactured on turning centers with high productivity. „Our employees don‘t work for WTO. They work for the success of our customers.“ Daniel Sierra, Sales Director WTO Your Success is our Business Motivated employees are the basis for 100 % consistent customer focus. WTO offers its employees a state-of-the-art working environ- ment to work independently and ensures highly motivated employees in a family-owned technology company. To a large extent, WTO relies on its own highly qualified employees in order to achieve high quality standards. -
Gear Cutting Solutions
Gear cuttingsolutions 2 E2F Z TRINITY ORIGIN SWISS MADE SWISS 8100 DUPLEX REVOLUTION 8700 Gear cutting solutions Type Name of tool Standard modules* Tool Tool Machined part Page Tooth by tooth m 0.03 - 1.00 5 gear cutter Z² m 0.015 - 1.000 6 Hobs for epicyclic & involute teeth ORIGIN m 0.015 - 0.800 7 m 0.015 - 1.000 8 Two-way hob cutter m 0.015 - 0.800 9 ORIGIN DUPLEX *Depends on the gearing norm Other modules upon request swiss made Gear cutting solutions Type Name of tool Standard modules* Tool Tool Machined part Page Hobs for asymmetrical 10 gears and special by profi le profi les REVOLUTION Hobs for frontal F 2 m 0.05 - 0.50 11 gear cutting E Hobs for conical m 0.05 - 0.30 12 gears TRINITY Hob cutters for involute gears ISO53 / DIN867 m 0.05 - 1.00 13 DIN quality AAAA 8100 Skiving cutter for m 0.05 - 1.00 internal gear teeth 14 8700 *Depends on the gearing norm Other modules upon request swiss made DUPLEX ORIGIN Hobs for epicyclic New & involute teeth Hobbing with two hob cutters is known to produce burr-free hobbing. It is a functional process, but requires a sometimes tedious start-up. It is necessary to make an adjustment for each hob, and the stacking of the arbor, tools and spacers results in a bad roundness and warping. Louis Bélet SA has found a simple solution that can be used by everyone to solve these problems: ORIGIN DUPLEX hobs. ORIGIN DUPLEX on a shank Circular ORIGIN DUPLEX Made of one-piece solid carbide, these cutters have two cutting areas, one on the right and one on the left. -
Industrial Productivity Training Manual
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIVITY TRAINING MANUAL Version 2.0 Written by: Dr. Michael R. Muller - Director, Don Kasten ©2006 Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey Table of Contents INTRODUCTION..............................................................................2 PRODUCTIVITY TOOLBOX ..............................................................5 Toolbox Introduction.....................................................................6 Productivity Metrics......................................................................9 Cost of Labor..............................................................................10 Space Optimization .......................................................................11 Productivity Questions...................................................................14 CONCEPTS FOR PRODUCTIVITY ENHANCEMENT, PART I INCREASING PIECES/PERSON/HOUR .............................................19 QUICK CHANGES......................................................................20 AR No. 1 Decrease Die Change-Out & Start-Up Times...................26 AR No. 2 Use Fixtures to Reduce Lathe Set-up Times....................32 AR No. 3 Install a Rotating Nozzle Carousel to Reduce Set-Up Times.34 AR No. 4 Employ Modular Jigs to Reduce Process Set-up Times.......36 BOTTLENECK MITIGATION.........................................................39 AR No. 5 Add Machine Operators to Reduce Production Bottleneck....41 AR No. 6 Install Refrigeration System to Cool Product...................45 AR No. 7 Replace Old Lathe -
Trends in Automobile Transmissions Frank Buscemi, Manager—Public Affairs, ZF Group—North American Operations
Trends in Automobile Transmissions Frank Buscemi, Manager—Public Affairs, ZF Group—North American Operations With all the work in transmis- to provide gears and transmissions to his Therefore, each case has to be individu- sion development these days, the Zeppelin airships. ally assessed because general statements demand for automobile transmis- Today, ZF provides more than are not applicable.” sion gears should remain strong 1.2 million transmissions per year to The type of transmission plays a key for several years, but because of the automakers like Aston Martin, Audi, role in defining a vehicle’s character, great variety of projects and varia- BMW, Ford, General Motors, Jaguar, image, segment and brand, making it a tions, transmission manufacturers Land Rover, Porsche, and Volkswagen major factor in competitiveness. Each and their suppliers will have to be as and employs more than 6,300 in its car vehicle features individual strengths, flexible as possible to keep up with driveline technology division. In 2001, depending on application conditions. the changes. ZF introduced the world’s first 6-speed AMTs—Also known as sequential Automobile transmissions have come stepped automatic transmission in the manual gearboxes (SMGs), AMTs have a long way since the days of simply BMW 7-Series. their roots in Formula 1 racing, using choosing between automatic and manual. Dr. Harald Naunheimer, director of computer-controlled actuators that are Today’s drivers have more transmission product develop- options than ever before. Automatics ment, car drive- and manuals are still there, but they are line technology now accompanied by automated manu- at ZF, says that als (AMTs), dual clutch transmissions t r a n s m i s s i o n s (DCTs), continuously variable transmis- are highly indi- sions (CVTs) and hybrid drives. -
Ring Gear and Pinion Tooth Pattern Interpretation
RING GEAR AND PINION TOOTH PATTERN INTERPRETATION The final pinion position will be verified by using the GEAR CONTACT PATTERN METHOD described as follows: The TOE of the gear is the portion of the tooth surface at the end towards the center. The HEEL of the gear tooth is the portion of the tooth surface at the outer-end. The TOP LAND of a gear tooth is the surface of the top of the tooth. Every gear has a characteristic pattern. RING GEAR TOOTH PROFILE There are two types of gears which are determined by the machining method. One is manufactured by FACE HOBBING, while the other one is manufactured by FACE MILLING. You must first determine the type of gear that you have in order to know which gear pattern chart to use as described in this bulletin. To do this, notice the depth of the ring gear tooth - dimension "A" and "B". If the gear was manufactured using the FACE HOBBING method, both "A" and "B" will be of equal depth. If the gear was manufactured using the FACE MILLING method, "A" will be larger than "B". Once the type of ring gear machining method has been identified, refer to the proper gear pattern chart. FACE HOBBING FACE MILLING NOTE: WHEN MAKING CHANGES, NOTE THAT TWO VARIABLES ARE INVOLVED. EXAMPLE: IF YOU HAVE THE BACKLASH SET CORRECTLY TO THE SPECIFICATION AND YOU CHANGE THE PINION POSITION SHIM, YOU MAY HAVE TO READJUST THE BACKLASH TO THE CORRECT SPECIFICATION BEFORE CHECKING THE PATTERN. REFER TO PATTERN INTERPRETATION. BULLETIN 5717-A 5/02 1 of 3 Spicer Technology, Inc. -
Basic Gear Systems
Basic Gear Systems A number of gears connected together is called a “Gear Train”. The gear train is another mechanism for transmitting rotary motion and torque. Unlike a belt and pulley, or chain and sprocket, no linking device (belt or chain) is required. Gears have teeth which interlock (or mesh) directly with one another. Advantages The main advantages of gear train transmission systems are that because the teeth on any gear intermesh with the next gear in the train, the gears can't slip. (An exact ratio is maintained.) Large forces can be transmitted. The number of turns a gear makes can be easily controlled. High ratios between the input and the output are easily possible. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of a gear system is it usually needs a lubrication system to reduce wear to the teeth. Oil or grease is used to reduce friction and heat caused by the teeth rubbing together. Gear systems to increase and decrease rotational velocity Gears are used to increase or decrease the speed or power of rotary motion. The measure of how much the speed or power is changed by a gear train is called the gear ratio (velocity ratio). This is equal to the number of teeth on the driver gear divided by the number of teeth on the driven gear. To decrease the speed of the output the driver gear is smaller than the driven gear. (This will reduce the speed but increase the “torque”.) This diagram shows a small gear (A) driving a larger gear (B). Because there are more teeth on the driven gear there is a reduction in output speed. -
Auto-Meshing Rack and Pinion Gear
Technical Disclosure Commons Defensive Publications Series April 2020 AUTO-MESHING RACK AND PINION GEAR HP INC Follow this and additional works at: https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series Recommended Citation INC, HP, "AUTO-MESHING RACK AND PINION GEAR", Technical Disclosure Commons, (April 10, 2020) https://www.tdcommons.org/dpubs_series/3120 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Technical Disclosure Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Defensive Publications Series by an authorized administrator of Technical Disclosure Commons. INC: AUTO-MESHING RACK AND PINION GEAR Auto‐meshing rack and pinion gear In a mechanical system with a rack and pinion, typically the rack and pinion are always engaged with each other but, in some instances, it is necessary to have the pinion gear disengage and engage with the rack. When this happens, the rack and gear need to mesh properly each time that they engage. If the gears do not properly mesh, then the system can lockup, gears can break, or other similar problems occur. One example of this is in a large format printer with a user replaceable printhead cleaner. A rack can be permanently placed in the printer (Figure 1), and then the printhead cleaner contain moving parts driven by the rack. The moving parts could be caps, spitrollers, webwipes, etc. An example of gears locking is shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 ‐ Printer printhead cleaner station with rack Pinion gear Rack gear Figure 2 ‐ Printhead cleaner with pinion gear locking up with rack Published by Technical Disclosure Commons, 2020 2 Defensive Publications Series, Art. -
Gear Rolling for Production of High Gears Alireza Khodaee
Gear Rolling for Production of High Gears Alireza Khodaee Gear Rolling for Production of High Gears Alireza Khodaee Licentiate Thesis, 2015 KTH Royal Institute of Technology Industrial Engineering and Management Department of Production Engineering SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden TRITA-IIP-15-06 ISSN: 1650-1888 ISBN: 978-91-7595-678-7 Abstract Gears are used to transmit mechanical work from one point to another. They are widely used in different mechanisms and they are the most important components of a transmission system. Thus, it is important that they are manufactured with high precision to deliver the work with highest possible efficiency. The dominant gear production method is metal cutting, like hobbing. The gear manufacturing industry aims to replace their traditional production lines with greener processes and thereby urge engineers to think about using metal forming methods instead of the traditional metal cutting solutions when possible. Gear rolling is an interesting metal forming method that can be an alternative method to fabricate gear wheels. Research on gear rolling firstly came into interest around 2000. Very few papers are published that covers the development of the method and its limitations and advantages. Almost all of these publications considered rolling of gear wheels with small modules. The focus of this study will be on application of gear rolling for gear wheels with large module (over 3 mm) where the amount of deformation is much larger than found in previous studies. In this thesis the Finite Element Method has been used to simulate and predict the results of rolling of high gears. In addition to that experiments were performed to validate the numerical results and develop the modelling technique for further investigations. -
Rexnord Gear Manufacturing Services Overview
Rexnord Gear Manufacturing Services Overview Rexnord Gear Manufacturing Services Rexnord Gear Manufacturing Services Overview Rexnord Gear Manufacturing Services is a full service supplier providing high-quality, custom precision spur & helical gearing and specialized gearboxes, serving the mining, energy, transit, construction, and industrial markets. Our custom solutions have helped customers for more than 60 years, demonstrating high performance and reliability on custom enclosed gear drives and loose precision gears with cost-effective solutions. As your single source custom gear and gearbox manufacturer, Rexnord Gear Manufacturing Services can offer you reduced complexity and inventory, improved lead time and efficiency, and state-of-the-art technical support and engineering. We have the necessary equipment that you need, all in one place. In-house heat treating, gear cutting and gear grinding capabilities and expertise ensure the highest level of precision is met for our customers’ most demanding gear applications. In addition, Rexnord has a full complement of precision gearing process capabilities for machining, turning, milling, drilling, broaching, key seating, OD/ID grinding, and balancing. ISO-certified, build-to-print manufacturing provides high-quality gearing and specialized gearboxes. Key features & benefits Gear Milling, Hobbing & Turning Gear Grinding • Spur & helical gears to 80” length and 60” • Spur & helical gears to 64” face width and 138” outer diameter outer diameter Heat Treating Housing Machining • In-house heat -
Hard Finishing with 100% Quality Inspection
2020/2021 solutionsgear manufacturing technology magazine Game Changer: Technology in Action Forest City Gear Shapes Faster Power Skiving of Larger Gears Hard Finishing Iwasa Tech Excels at Inspection With 100% Quality KISSsoft Inspection Optimizing Manufacturability GAMA 3.2 Inspection Gets Smarter 1 Welcome to Gleason Dear Valued Customers: These past months have been the most challenging and turbulent in a generation. The global economic environment has never been more unpredictable. In times such as these, with the unprecedented convergence of powerful social, political, health John J. Perrotti and economic forces, companies must rethink their President and strategies, and put tradition to the test. Chief Executive Officer Gleason is no different. While we have been proactive, industries; always evolving with more efficient and more for example, in the pursuit of the new technologies resource-saving technologies supported by cloud-based needed for eDrives, no one could have predicted the or local analysis and optimization. With Gleason’s arrival of COVID-19 nor its impact on the way we Closed Loop and in-process inspection coupled to interact with customers, suppliers and employees. It manufacturing, for example, we offer customers a real is a testament to the dedication of our global team, ‘game changer’ in terms of productivity and quality and their willingness to adapt to change, that we have control – with optimization feedback in real time, swiftly adapted to many new ways of doing business, accompanied by solutions for smart tooling setup and while at the same time working to make our customers’ optimized machine performance. lives as easy and convenient as possible.