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&\S(1712; 2/Hi-4. 2 Nov. 25, 1924. E. R., FELLOWS 1,516,524 GEAR GENERATING CUTTING MACHINE Original Filed Aug. 29, 1918 4 sheets-Sheet 1 S. : O 3.É SS E. ,NSS lat o GS: &\s(1712; s A. Z72 (ve aeoz, Zézzzzz v 72 A.2deavs 2/hi-4. 2.-- Nov. 25, 924. E. R. Fellows 1,516,524. GEAR GENERATING CUTTING MACHINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. Noy. 25, 1924. 1,516 y 524 E. R. FELLOWS GEAR GENERATING CUTTING MACHINE Original Filled Aug. 29, 1918 4. Sheets-Sheet 3 2 22Z. 2 eas 2 2 UraC 2 S. s es Z2Zove) Z2 Zézeous - y43-24,A/rye, Nov. 25, 1924. E. R. FELLOWS 1,516,524 y - S S rt CyN s l Sl8 lsSS NS N S/T s ) Zazzo- ZZeizvezoz7.(7.7%is S 27.4 (3-417.'77 elegas Patented Nov. 25, 1924. 516,524 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EDWIN, R., FELLOWS, OF SPRING FIELD, WERIYCNT, ASSIGNOR, TO THE FELLOWS GEAR, SHAPER, COWIPANY, OF SPRING-FIELD, VERTEOINT, A. CORPORATION OF VERVIONT. GEAR GENERATING CUTTING INACHINE. Application filed August 29, 1918, Serial No. 251,902. Renewed April 19, 1924. To all whom it may concern. takes place. This relative movement is the 55 Be it known that, I, EDWIN, R. FELLOWs, resultant of combined movements of rota a citizen of the United States, residing at tion and translation, and may be produced Springfield, in the county of Windsor and in any of three ways, that is; first, by giv 5 State of Vermont, have invented new and ing both movements to the gear, in which useful inprovements in Gear Generating Case the resultant motion is the same as 60 Cutting Machines, of which the following is though the gear were rolled on its base cyl 3. Specification. inder on a plane Surface; second, by giving This invention relates to the art of gear both movements to the cutter, when the re cutting, and has particular reference to ma Sultant-- is the same as the motion of any chines adapted to generate, by true mathe point in a line being unwound from a fixed 65 matical generation, accurate involute curves cylinder; or third by giving the movement in the tooth faces, at the same time with of rotation to the gear and the motion of cutting the teeth, of a gear blank. The ob translation to the cutter, these movements 5 jects of the invention include the follow being the same as those occurring8. in an in ing:-first, to provide a machine constructed termeshing rack and pinion gearing when 70 and organized as a whole to be rendered ca the rack is moved endwise and the pinion pable of thus generating and cutting gears is rotated about a fixed axis. In the ma of any size, any pitch, and any angle of tooth chine in which I have embodied the inven face, within the limits imposed by the size tion for illustration in the present speci and proportions of the specific machine, by fication, I have applied the third of the making a few adjustments of the simplest above described modes of producing the nec soit; second, to provide a cutting tool con essary relative generating motion. structed and operated as a milling cutter of Another principle of which I make use, is such form and so mounted that, without the familiar principle of gearing that the change, it is adapted to generate and cut in tooth face of a rack which meshes properly 8) volute tooth curves of all sizes, pitches, and with the teeth of a gear having involute inclinations; third, to make the cutter with tooth curves is a plane perpendicular to the a large number of blades or cutting teeth plane of action of the gear, and that the base located upon part only of the circuit of a cylinder of the gear is a cylinder coaxial cutter head or carrier having great linear with the gear tangent to such plane of ac 85 extent of periphery, whereby the cutting of tion. When the relative motion between the a tooth face may be completed, and the gear and rack is such as to produce the ef work indexed, in the course of one cycle of fect of rolling the gear on its base cylinder, 35 the cutter; and, fourth, to provide in the the tooth faces of the correctly meshing inachine two cutting tools arranged to gen rack, according to this principle, are perpen 90 erate and cut the opposite faces of the same dicular to the length and pitch line of the gear tooth, or the relatively opposite faces rack; that is, in the technical language of of different teeth, and being adjustable as to the art, the angle of the rack is 0°. This 40 their distance apait from one another, thus relation holds whatever may be the pitch of doing in the same time twice the amount of the gear or the inclination of its tooth faces: 95 work performed by a single cutting tool, and wherefrom it follows that a rack tooth face simplifying the adjustments necessary to de of 0° angle will engage properly with a termine the thickness of the teeth. involute gear of any size, pitch, or angle of The principle upon which the invention face. operates is that of generation by relative By making use of the principle last set 100 movement between the work piece (gear forth, and producing relative motion be blank) and the cutting tool, equivalent to tween the gear blank and cutting tool with the movement of a point on an inextensible the effect of base cylinder rolling motion of line being wound upon, or unwound from, the gear blank upon the plane of action, a cylinder in accordance with the mathemat am enabled to use a cutting tool having cut 05 ical law of involute curves; and cutting by ting edges which, when they pass across the simultaneouis travel of the cutting tool across work, have the relation to the gear tooth of a the plane in which such relative movement lack tooth face of 0° angle; and thereby to g 1,516,524 mount the cutting tool for rotation about an adjustments of the very simplest sorts and 65 axis parallel to the plane of action and to that two cutters on the same shaft can be the direction of relative translative displace used for cutting at the same time opposite ment between the gear blank and tool. In tooth faces in straight or helical spur gears. 5 consequence i am able to employ the same In the foregoing statement, the cutter is cutting tool, without adjustment, for gener considered as a single element having a 70 ating and cutting the teeth of gears of all single cutting edge, acting once on the gear sizes, all pitches, and all angles of face, blank in each rotation. Successful commer within the limits of size of the specific ma cial practice requires that there be actually O chine; and to use at the same time two cut many such elements arranged to act in rapid ting tools on the same shaft, or on alined or succession, in the interest of rapid produc parallel shafts, with the effect of doubling tion of work; and have therefore made the output of the machine and determining the cutter with a large number of blades the width of the gear teeth in a simple or cutting teeth, each having a cutting edge 5 ale. arranged as set forth. The principle is So far as I am aware, all gear cutting the same, whether there is one cutting ele 80 machines of the prior art have required a ment or many of them, and the general special cutter for each pitch and type of gear description hereinbefore given applies to to be cut and in machines using milling each of the blades or cutting teeth of the 20 cutters it has been necessary to provide entire cutting tool actually used. In the special cutters for all different sizes of gear cutting tool here shown. I have made the 85 as well. s number of blades or teeth great enough In this specification, because the actual to complete the gear tooth in the course gears cut have substantial thickness, I have of one rotation or cycle of the cutter; and 25. called by the terms “base cylinder”, “pitch in addition, have made the peripheral ex cylinder', and “plane of action', the con tent of the cutter head or blade carrier 90 ceptions which are commonly referred to enough greater than the extent of the series in discussions of gearing as “base circle', of blades to permit indexing of the work “pitch circle', and “line of action', respec in the course of the same cycle, whereby 30 tively. it is unnecessary either to stop the cutter Having designed the machine here shown or to move it out of the way of the Work in accordance with the principles hereinbe for this purpose. fore discussed, the milling cutter is provided The foregoing relates to the main object with a straight cutting edge perpendicular of the invention. Secondary objects are 35 to a line tangent to the base cylinder of the concerned with means for indexing gears of gear blank, and also perpendicular to the certain characters, and various mechanical 00 axis of its cutting rotation, and the holder features and details, all of which can best for such cutter is shifted in the course of be explained in connection with a detailed cutting a tooth of the gear in a line par description of the embodiment of my inven 40 allel to said “plane of action.” tion here presented for illustration.
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