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Hadith About War Among Muslims in Research Simultaneously

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Hadith About War Among Muslims in Research Simultaneously International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 8, August-2016 1573 ISSN 2229-5518 Hadith About War Among Muslims In Research Simultaneously Dr. Damanhuri [email protected] Lecturer at the State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel Surabaya Indonesia Abstract— The researched Hadith about war among muslims was a narrated hadith of Abu Hurayrah booked by al-Bukhari. In hadith above, there were some narrators such as Umar bin Hafs, Hafs bin Ghiyas, Al-A’mash, Shaqiq and Abd Allah Ibn Mas’ud. In a partial analysis then obtained results that: 1. All the narrators in the sanad of hadith existing, are fully qualified: thiqah. 2. All the narrators respectively meet with the transmitters as his teacher, except Shaqiq narration of Abd Allah Ibn Mas'ud that is not contiguous. Thus concluded that the chains hadith is disconnected. 3. Matan of Hadith was not shadh, meaning that it is not contrary to the argument of naqli, either al-Qur’an and hadith with higher sanad quality. 4. Matan of Hadith does not also exposed to illat, meaning that it is not contrary to the argument of aqli, both with a healthy mind, senses, history, and science . Thus it is concluded that the hadith is da’if al- hadith. In the simultaneous analysis, it was found that: first the hadith has 6 (six) hadith of tabi’ qasir which can increase the quality of mutaba’ hadith from da’if into sahih lighayrih. Second,the hadith has 2 (two) shahid that can increase the degree of hadith from ahad gharib into mashhur. So, the hadith increased into: sahih -mashhur ( sahih by quality and mashhur in quantity). Key Words-- Hadith, War among muslims, Partial, , Analysis, Simultaneous, Sahih lighayrih, ‘Aziz. —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION Indeed, many hadith books containing complete hadith Al-Quran and Hadith are two sources of Islamic teachings. with characters, however there are also a number of Qur'an made as a source or a basic teachings of Islam does not hadith books containing only matan, sanad and need to carry out some research first, because the Qur'an is qat‘i moreover mukharrij is not found. A hadith contained in al-wurud. While hadith is madeIJSER as a source or a basic teachings such book, cannot be studied to determine the quality. of Islam must carry out a research first whether the hadith is 2. Often, hadith contained in hadith books, are studied only correct coming from the Prophet Muhammad., Because the in terms of the sanad. That studied only the quality of hadith is zanni al-wurud. To study a hadith, it does not mean to the narrators course, quality of continuity is not studied . doubt or test the apostle’s of the Prophet Muhammad p.b.u.h., Whereas the matan quality has also not been analyzed / however to test whether a particular hadith is from the Prohpet scrutinized. p.b.u.h., truly a speech, action and taqrir of the Prophet p.b.u.h. 3. All of the hadith contained in that hadith books, then According to Syuhudi Ismail, there are 4 things that drive studied partially or one sanad only, there has not been why scholars of hadith conducted a study of Hadith, namely: (1) studied simultaneous or multi sanad. In terms of the Hadith as a source of Islamic law, (2) Not all hadith are recorded results of hadith research of one sanad, is different at the time of the Prophet saw, (3) The emergence of forgery of collectively. 1 hadith, and (4) The process of bookkeeping of hadith is late.P0F P 4. Hadith -- after investigation and / obtained sahih quality The four factors or the reasons put forward by results --- it needs to be carried out in real life. To Syuhudi Ismail above are some of the reasons for factual reasons practice the hadith must be done fiqh al-hadi#th. Efforts encouraging the study of hadith for the purposes of collecting and to understand matan of a hadith from one sanad only is accounting hadith in the books of hadith. After these hadith are not affordable, because mostly hadith narration are collected and recorded in the books of hadith, are these hadith are riw#ayah bi al-makna#. Thus, matan desired to be still in need to carry out research? According to the author, the understood need to be cooperate with other matan from hadith still need to be investigated (performed a research). other sanad with one theme to be understood There are several reasons that encourage why these hadith still collectively. need to be examined again, among others: Based on the basic several issues above, a research of hadith 1. Hadith books are not all containing complete hadith with simultaneously is a demanding need for the needs of hadith the characters, there are matan, sanad and mukhrrij. research. Hadith as a source of religious laws, contains a variety of 1 comprehension, so do not be surprised if in a hadith there are Syuhudi Ismail, Methods Validity Sanad (Jakarta : Bulan Bintang, 1988) ,75-104. IJSER © 2016 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 8, August-2016 1574 ISSN 2229-5518 several different understanding, and give rise to controversy. 3.1.3. Data about the comments of the scholars on the quality Among the Hadith of the controversy is the Hadith al-Bukhari Jarh and ta'dil of the narrators. about the battle between the Muslims which led to an infidelity. b. Data collection methods and sources of The following hadith: data: Hadith narrated by Abu Hurayrah that takhrij by al-Bukhari: The above data will be collected using the method of َﺣ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨَﺎ ُﻋ َﻤ ُﺮ ْﺑ ُﻦ َﺣ ْﻔ ٍﺺ َﺣ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨِﻲ ﺃَﺑِﻲ َﺣ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨَﺎ ْﺍﻷَ ْﻋ َﻤ ُﺶ َﺣ ﱠﺪﺛَﻨَﺎ َﺷﻘِ ٌﻴﻖ ﻗَ َﺎﻝ ﻗَ َﺎﻝ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ﱠ ﷲِ ﻗَ َﺎﻝ 2 :documentation ﺍﻟﻨﱠﺒِ ﱡﻲ َﺻﻠﱠﻰ ﱠﷲُ َﻋﻠَ ْﻴ ِﻪ َﻭ َﺳﻠﱠ َﻢ ِﺳﺒَ ُﺎﺏ ْﺍﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴﻠِ ِﻢ ﻓُ ُﺴ ٌﻮﻕ َﻭﻗِﺘَﺎﻟُﻪُ ُﻛ ْﻔ ٌﺮ (ﺭﻭﺍﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ F(1 Amr bin Hafs told me told me, al-A'mash Shaqiq told me 3.2.1. Data on the narratives in the track on the books of hadith, he said, Abdullah said: The Prophet p.b.u.h. said; namely: Sahih al-Bukhary, Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abi Dawud, Denouncing a Muslim is evil and fight it is kufr. Sunan Ibn Majah, Sunan al-Nasa'i, Sunan al-Tirmidhy, Sunan al- Darimy, Muwatta 'Malik and Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal and At first glance the above hadith shows that Muslims who berate others. or insult other Muslims would be wicked, while Muslims who 3.2.2. Data regarding biography of narrators and scholar fight against other Muslims will become an infidel. Perhaps an commentary, taken the books of biography, namely: Tahdhib al- indication of the transgression is not a problem that is very Kamal, Taqrib al-Tahdhib, Tahdhib al-Tahdhib, Khulasah Tahdhib burdensome, although basically it is also prohibited, but if the Tahdhib al-Kamal and al-Kashif fi ma'rifati man lahu riwayatun effect of an act that results in a disbelief, is not a trivial matter, it fi al-kutub al-sittah and others. is a problem that is very large because of the sins that led to an 3.3. Data analysis methods: infidelity is a sin is very great. Therefore, the authors tried to These data will be analyzed using the above: Content Analysis examine the quality of the whole chain of transmission of the Method, which is a research technique for making inferences by hadith are found and analyzed with a simultaneous approach. systematically and objectively identify characteristics unique to a 3 Initially, hadith research was done in partial, then continued text .P2F .P With this method, researchers will conclude with four simultaneously. Hadith research in partial is done by studying a conditions must first identify the valid hadith studied. If the four hadith from one line of sand only. After conducting an analysis conditions are met, then the hadith researched declared towards the quality of the narrators, it is then analyzed in terms of acceptable as evidence by the quality may be sahih or hasan. the continuation of the sanad, analyzed the matan whether it is 3.4. Steps of research : 4 freed from the character of shadh and ’illat, thus retrieved a Steps of simultaneous research are as follows P3F :P conclusion about the quality where may be it is daif, may be a. Conduct a takhrij al-hadith to obtain a hadith to be studied, hasan and may be sahih. with complete sanad and matan. The results of research in partial is not finished, may not be made b. Conduct research partially, namely to do research on the sanad as the basis of regulation. Thus there must be another research of the main hadith. This step consists of: simultaneously. Hadith research simultaneously is done by 1). Conduct a test of thiqah (‘adl and -dhabit ) of narrators studying all of the linkages of sanad from the same matan, same existed in a sanad of a hadith studied. text or same in terms of content of the meaning. 2). Conduct a test of linkage of sanad. This simultaneous research wasIJSER conducted to know hadith tabi’ 3). Summing up the results of a test or study of sanad. and hadith shahid functioning to enable the increase of quality 4). Conduct a test to a matan, whether matan of a hadith is freed and decree of hadith studied. Initially the results obtained from from the character of shadh or not?. partial research was daif, after conducting simultaneous research, a).
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