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Review of Verbs (Tense and Voice) and the Passive Voice (Pages 56 Ff; 414 Ff)

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Review of Verbs (Tense and Voice) and the Passive Voice (Pages 56 Ff; 414 Ff) Review of Verbs (Tense and Voice) And the Passive Voice (Pages 56 ff; 414 ff). Active Voice = Subject does the action of the verb. The man is praising the women. Present Tense, Active Voice The man was praising the women. Imperfect Tense, Active Voice The man will praise the women. Future Tense, Active Voice Passive Voice = Subject receives the action of the verb. The man is praised by the women. Present Tense, Passive Voice The man was praised by the women. Imperfect Tense, Passive Voice The man will be praised by the women. Future Tense, Passive Voice In Latin, in the present, imperfect, and future tenses, voice is determined by the personal ending found on the verb. Active Voice Personal Endings o/m = subject is I mus = subject is we s = subject is you (sing.) tis = subject is you (pl.) t = subject is he, she, it or a nt = subject is they or a nom. sing. noun nom. pl. noun Passive Voice Personal Endings or/r = subject is I mur = subject is we ris = subject is you (sing.) mini = subject is you (pl.) tur = subject is he, she, it or a ntur = subject is they or a nom. sing. noun nom. pl. noun Present Tense of voco vocare – call (Active Voice) Rule = Present Stem + Personal Endings 1. voca+o = voco I call, I am calling, I do call 2. voca+s = vocas you call, you are calling, you do call 3. voca+t = vocat he calls, he is calling, he does call 1. voca+mus = vocamus we call, we are calling, we do call 2. voca+tis = vocatis you call, you are calling, you do call 3. voca+nt = vocant they call, they are calling, they do call (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Stem + Personal Endings 1. voca+or = vocor I am (being) called 2. voca+ris = vocaris you are (being) called 3. voca+tur = vocatur he is (being) called 1. voca+mur = vocamur we are (being) called 2. voca+mini = vocamini you are (being) called 3. voca+ntur = vocantur they are (being) called Imperfect Tense of voco vocare – call (Active Voice) Rule = Present Stem + ba + Personal Endings 1. voca+ba +m = vocabam I was calling, I used to call, I did call 2. voca+ba+s = vocabas you were calling, you used to call, you did call 3. voca+ba+t = vocabat he was calling, he used to call, he did call 1. voca+ba+mus = vocabamus we were calling, we used to call, we did call 2. voca+ba+tis = vocabatis you were calling, you used to call, you did call 3. voca+ba+nt = vocabant they were calling, they used to call, they did call (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Stem + ba + Personal Endings 1. voca+ba +r = vocabar I was (being) called, I used to be called 2. voca+ba+ris = vocabaris you were (being) called, you used to be called 3. voca+ba+tur = vocabatur he was (being) called, he used to be called 1. voca+ba+mur = vocabamur we were (being) called, we used to be called 2. voca+ba+mini = vocabamini you were (being) called, you used to be called 3. voca+ba+ntur = vocabantur they were (being) called, they used to be called Regular Verbs = Verbs which follow a set of rules for their conjugation and translation. Pres. Pres. Perf. Perf. Act. Act. Act. Pass. Indic. Infin. Indic. Participle 1st conjugation voco vocare vocavi vocatus – call 2nd conjugation moneo monere monui monitus – warn Reg. 3rd conjugation rego regere rexi rectus - rule Tense Rule Translation Active and Passive Voice (1st & 2nd conj.) (Reg. 3rd conj.) Present Pres. Stem + PE Pres. Root + i + PE (am, is are; do, does; simple pres.) Imperfect Pres. Stem + ba + PE Pres. Root + eba + PE (was, were; used to; did) Future Pres. Stem + bi + PE Pres. Root + a/e + PE (shall/will) Present Stem = Present Active Infinitive (2nd principal part of verb) - re Present Root = Present Active Infinitive (2nd principal part of verb) - ere Present Tense of rego regere – rule (Active Voice) Rule = Present Root + i +Personal Endings 1. reg+i+o = rego I rule, I am ruling, I do rule 2. reg+i+s = regis you rule, you are ruling, you do rule 3. reg+i+t = regit he rules, he is ruling, he does rule 1. reg+i+mus = regimus we rule, we are ruling, we do rule 2. reg+i+tis = regitis you rule, you are ruling, you do rule 3. reg+i+nt = regunt they rule, they are ruling, they do rule (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Root + i + Personal Endings 1. reg+i+or = regor I am (being) ruled 2. reg+i+ris = regeris you are (being) ruled 3. reg+i+tur = regitur he is (being) ruled 1. reg+i+mur = regimur we are (being) ruled 2. reg+i+mini = regimini you are (being) ruled 3. Reg+i+ntur = reguntur they are (being) ruled Imperfect Tense of rego regere – rule (Active Voice) Rule = Present Root + eba +Personal Endings 1. reg+eba+m = regebam I was ruling, used to rule, did rule 2. reg+eba+s = regebas you were ruling, used to rule, did rule 3. reg+eba+t = regebat he was ruling, used to rule, did rule 1. reg+eba+mus = regebamus we were ruling, used to rule, did rule 2. reg+eba+tis = regebatis you were ruling, used to rule, did rule 3. reg+eba+nt = regebant they were ruling, used to rule, did rule (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Root + eba + Personal Endings 1. reg+eba+r = regebar I was (being) ruled 2. reg+eba+ris = regebaris you were (being) ruled 3. reg+eba+tur = regebatur he was (being) ruled 1. reg+eba+mur = regebamur we were (being) ruled 2. reg+eba+mini = regebamini you were (being) ruled 3. reg+eba+ntur = regebantur they were (being) ruled Future Tense of rego regere – rule (Active Voice) Rule = Present Root + a/e +Personal Endings 1. reg+a+m = regam I shall rule 2. reg+e+s = reges you will rule 3. reg+e+t = reget he will rule 1. reg+e+mus = regemus we shall rule 2. reg+e+tis = regetis you will rule 3. reg+e+nt = regent they will rule (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Root + a/e + Personal Endings 1. reg+a+r = regar I shall be ruled 2. reg+e+ris = regeris you will be ruled 3. reg+e+tur = regetur he will be ruled 1. reg+e+mur = regemur we shall be ruled 2. reg+e+mini = regemini you will be ruled 3. reg+e+ntur = regentur they will be ruled Future Tense of voco vocare – call (Active Voice) Rule = Present Stem + bi + Personal Endings 1. voca+bi +o = vocabo I shall call 2. voca+bi+s = vocabis you will call 3. voca+bi+t = vocabit he will call 1. voca+bi+mus = vocabimus we shall call 2. voca+bi+tis = vocabitis you will call 3. voca+bi+nt = vocabunt they will call (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Stem + bi + Personal Endings 1. voca+bi +or = vocabor I shall be called 2. voca+bi+ris = vocaberis you will be called 3. voca+bi+tur = vocabitur he will be called 1. voca+bi+mur = vocabimur we shall be called 2. voca+bi+mini = vocabimini you will be called 3. voca+bi+ntur = vocabuntur they will be called Regular Verbs = Verbs which follow a set of rules for their conjugation and translation. Pres. Pres. Perf. Perf. Act. Act. Act. Pass. Indic. Infin. Indic. Participle 1st conjugation voco vocare vocavi vocatus – call 2nd conjugation moneo monere monui monitus – warn Reg. 3rd conjugation rego regere rexi rectus - rule Tense Rule Translation Active and Passive Voice (1st & 2nd conj.) (Reg. 3rd conj.) Present Pres. Stem + PE Pres. Root + i + PE (am, is are; do, does; simple pres.) Imperfect Pres. Stem + ba + PE Pres. Root + eba + PE (was, were; used to; did) Future Pres. Stem + bi + PE Pres. Root + a/e + PE (shall/will) Present Stem = Present Active Infinitive (2nd principal part of verb) - re Present Root = Present Active Infinitive (2nd principal part of verb) - ere Present Tense of rego regere – rule (Active Voice) Rule = Present Root + i +Personal Endings 1. reg+i+o = rego I rule, I am ruling, I do rule 2. reg+i+s = regis you rule, you are ruling, you do rule 3. reg+i+t = regit he rules, he is ruling, he does rule 1. reg+i+mus = regimus we rule, we are ruling, we do rule 2. reg+i+tis = regitis you rule, you are ruling, you do rule 3. reg+i+nt = regunt they rule, they are ruling, they do rule (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Root + i + Personal Endings 1. reg+i+or = regor I am (being) ruled 2. reg+i+ris = regeris you are (being) ruled 3. reg+i+tur = regitur he is (being) ruled 1. reg+i+mur = regimur we are (being) ruled 2. reg+i+mini = regimini you are (being) ruled 3. Reg+i+ntur = reguntur they are (being) ruled Imperfect Tense of rego regere – rule (Active Voice) Rule = Present Root + eba +Personal Endings 1. reg+eba+m = regebam I was ruling, used to rule, did rule 2. reg+eba+s = regebas you were ruling, used to rule, did rule 3. reg+eba+t = regebat he was ruling, used to rule, did rule 1. reg+eba+mus = regebamus we were ruling, used to rule, did rule 2. reg+eba+tis = regebatis you were ruling, used to rule, did rule 3. reg+eba+nt = regebant they were ruling, used to rule, did rule (Passive Voice) Rule = Present Root + eba + Personal Endings 1.
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