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Unit 3.11 Echinoderms Marine Science

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Marine Science Unit 3.11 Echinoderms Entry Task(s) What characteristics would you use to classify the following organisms? Echinoderms Unit 3.11 Echinoderms Vocabulary. • Using Chapter 11 (pgs. 272-283) of the textbook provide a definition for each term. • Be sure to complete the vocabulary as we progress through the unit, it will be checked prior to the assessment. Note: The “Unit 3.11 Echinoderms Vocabulary” worksheet can be located in google classroom & on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Echinoderms Crown of Thorns (Acanthaster planci) • Voracious predator feeding on coral animals. - Responsible for the destruction of coral reefs around Hawaii & S. Pacific. • Contains a powerful neurotoxic venom in its spines. • Inflicts a painful sting that can last for hours, as well as leading to nausea & vomiting. https://www.nps.gov/articles/pacn-crown-of-thorns.htm Echinoderms The phylum Echinodermata (“spiny skinned”) • Invertebrates that have spiny skin covering. • Includes sea stars, sea urchin, brittle star, & sea cucumbers. Echinoderms How Diverse Are the “Stars” of the Sea? • Bottom-dwelling invertebrates; NOT fish. - Neither scales nor a backbone • Lack body segmentation, but have radial symmetry. - usually five-parts arranged around the central point of the body. Echinoderms How Diverse Are the “Stars” of the Sea? • Internal skeleton (endoskeleton). • > 5000 species of echinoderms, placed into five main classes: - Sea stars - Sea urchins & sand dollars - Brittle stars - Sea lilies & feather stars - Sea cucumbers Video Echinoderms: The Ultimate Animal (13:54): Synopsis: Echinoderms are slow animals radically different from us, but they are an evolutionary success. All echinoderms have five-part symmetry. We see the inner workings of sea stars, from their tube feet to their skeleton. Echinoderms pump water into their tube feet, giving them power to move. They have light-sensing organs & can smell their way to food. Sea stars are formidable predators. We see their tube feet pry open a mussel & extrude the stomach into the mussel. A camera inside the mussel shows us actual footage of the stomach digesting the mussel. We also see the formidable many armed sun star chase & catch a snail. Link @ https://www.shapeoflife.org/video/echinoderms-ultimate- animal Echinoderms Types of Sea Stars • Found from shallow to the deepest parts of the ocean. • Five (or multiples of five) appendages, or arms. Common species: • Atlantic sea star (Asterias) = east coast • West Coast sea star (Pisaster) = west coast • Considered pests by the seafood industry. - Eat large numbers of commercially important bivalves. Echinoderms Types of Sea Stars Bat star (Patiria) • Five arms connected in a weblike structure like the wings of a bat. • Found on the west coast. Sun star (Solaster) • 10-15 arms. • Low tides to > 400 meters. • Prey on other sea stars & even members of own species. Echinoderms Complete the following pertaining to sea star diversity. • Read pgs. 272-275 in the textbook. • Complete the following section review questions in your “Section Review” worksheet. 1) Why is it more accurate to say “sea star” than “starfish”? 2) List some important characteristics of the sea stars. 3) Why do some people consider sea stars to be pests? Graphic Organizer Sea Stars Graphic Organizer Instructions: • Read through the introduction to the graphic organizer. • Using pgs. 253-255 of the textbook, fill in the graphic organizer with crustacean information. Note: The “Sea Stars” graphic organizer can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Entry Task(s) What are the functions of sea star tube feet? • Movement • Holding onto surfaces • Feeding What system is responsible for circulation in the sea star? • Water vascular system Video Starfish Are Still Dying, But Here's Reason for Hope (3:38): Synopsis: It's been three years since millions of sea stars from Alaska to Canada & down to Baja, Mexico started wasting away into gooey white mounds. And although the destruction wrought by this disease shows no signs of stopping, the pace of the die- off has slowed. Link @ https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/09/150915- sea-star-wasting-disease-epidemic-update-oceans-animals- science/ Echinoderms Grab a copy of the “Sea Star Wasting Syndrome” article. • Read the article thoroughly, highlighting or underlining key information about Sea Star Wasting Syndrome. • Answer the questions following the article. • Only the questions & answers will be submitted by the end of the period; Keep & tape the article into your ISN. Note: The “Sea Star Wasting Syndrome” article & questions can be located in google classroom & on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6827 Entry Task(s) What is the suspected cause & what other contributing factors may be involved in Sea Star Wasting Syndrome (SSWS)? • “Current thinking is that there is likely a pathogen involved, but environmental factors may also play a role, and contributing factors might vary regionally.” How quickly can the Sea Star Wasting Syndrome (SSWS) kill a sea star? • “The progression of wasting disease can be rapid, leading to death within a few days…” Echinoderms How Do Sea Stars Carry Out Their Life Functions? Echinoderms How Do Sea Stars Carry Out Their Life Functions? Regeneration • Grow appendages that have been lost. • Evidence in one arm shorter than the others. • Whole new star can grow from severed appendage, provided part of the central disk is present. Echinoderms How Do Sea Stars Carry Out Their Life Functions? Spines • Composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) - Endoskeleton also of calcium carbonate. • Provides support & protection. Echinoderms How Do Sea Stars Carry Out Their Life Functions? Respiration • Open circulatory system. • Breathes through skin & tube feet. • Dorsal surface contains small, ciliated fingerlike projections called skin gills. • Dissolved oxygen diffuses through the thin membrane of tube feet & skin gills. • Ciliated cells lining the coelom circulate oxygenated fluid around the body. Echinoderms Feeding & Locomotion in the Sea Star Feeding • Hundreds of tube feet grasp & exert a force that pulls the bivalve shells in opposite directions. • Adductor muscles becomes tired & bivalve opens. • Pushes thin, membranous stomach into shell opening. • Secretes digestive enzymes, digesting food externally. • Pulls back stomach with digested food particles. Echinoderms Feeding & Locomotion in the Sea Star Feeding • Nutrients are absorbed & transported in the fluid filled coelom. • One-way digestive tract. • Undigested shell fragments eliminated through the mouth. Echinoderms Feeding & Locomotion in the Sea Star Locomotion • Achieved by a network of water-filled canals & tubes (water vascular system) • Water enters the sieve plate (madreporite) near the center of the dorsal surface. • Water travels into the circular ring, then into radial canals. • Ampulla at the top of each tube feet fills with water. • Contraction forces water into tube feet causing them to extend & make contact with substrate. Echinoderms Feeding & Locomotion in the Sea Star Locomotion • Muscle fibers force water back into ampulla. • Exiting water creates a suction. • This enables the sea star to push & pull itself along or to open bivalves. Echinoderms Sea Star Response, Reproduction, & Regeneration Response • Sluggish & slow to respond to stimuli. • Simple nervous system. • Eyespots can respond to changes in light by converting to electrical signals. • Central nerve ring surrounding the mouth coordinates movement. Echinoderms Sea Star Response, Reproduction, & Regeneration Reproduction • Sexual Reproduction - Separate sexes. - Gonads are located in each arm, near the central disk. - Eggs & sperm are shed into the water through openings between the appendages. - External fertilization & external development. • Can also occur through regeneration. Echinoderms “Diagram: Sea Star” worksheet Instructions: • Complete the worksheet identifying different structures within the sea star. • The information can be located on pgs. 275-278 of the textbook. Note: The “Diagram: Sea Star” worksheet can be located in google classroom & on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Echinoderms Complete the following pertaining to sea star life functions. • Read pgs. 275-278 in the textbook. • Complete the following section review questions in your “Section Review” worksheet. 1) How does a sea star open a bivalve such as a clam? 2) Explain how a sea star uses its tube feet to move. 3) Describe ingestion & digestion in a sea star. Assessment MSS8-3.11 Echinoderms Assessment_01 • Grab a copy of the assessment. • Only using your knowledge of what you have learned complete the assessment. • Once complete, raise your hand so I can collect your paper. Entry Task(s) What side of the sea star can be viewed in the aquarium? • Ventral What prevents the sea star from falling off the side of the aquarium? • Clinging action of the tube feet. Echinoderms Sea Urchin Question Development worksheet. Instructions: • Follow the instructions provided in the worksheet. Note: The “Sea Urchin Question Development” worksheet can be located in google classroom & on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Echinoderms How Are Sea Urchins & Sand Dollars Adapted to Their Environment? Of the class Echinoidea • Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars, & Sea Biscuits Characterized by: • Oval or
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  • Synchronized Broadcast Spawning by Six Invertebrates (Echinodermata and Mollusca) in the North-Western Red Sea

    Synchronized Broadcast Spawning by Six Invertebrates (Echinodermata and Mollusca) in the North-Western Red Sea

    Research Collection Journal Article Synchronized broadcast spawning by six invertebrates (Echinodermata and Mollusca) in the north-western Red Sea Author(s): Webb, Alice E.; Engelen, Aschwin H.; Bouwmeester, Jessica; van Dijk, Inge; Geerken, Esmee; Lattaud, Julie; Engelen, Dario; de Bakker, Bernadette S.; de Bakker, Didier M. Publication Date: 2021 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000479154 Originally published in: Marine Biology 168(5), http://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03871-6 Rights / License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Marine Biology (2021) 168:56 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03871-6 SHORT NOTES Synchronized broadcast spawning by six invertebrates (Echinodermata and Mollusca) in the north‑western Red Sea Alice E. Webb1 · Aschwin H. Engelen2 · Jessica Bouwmeester3,4 · Inge van Dijk5 · Esmee Geerken1 · Julie Lattaud6 · Dario Engelen1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 · Bernadette S. de Bakker7 · Didier M. de Bakker8 Received: 26 November 2020 / Accepted: 21 March 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract On the evenings of June 11 and 12, 2019, 5 and 6 days before full moon, broadcast spawning by four echinoderm species and two mollusc species was observed on the Marsa Shagra reef, Egypt (25° 14′ 44.2" N, 34° 47′ 49.0" E). Water temperature was 28 °C and the invertebrates were observed at 2–8 m depth. The sightings included a single basket star Astroboa nuda (Lyman 1874), 2 large Tectus dentatus (Forskal 1775) sea snails, 14 individuals of the Leiaster cf.