Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Gorgonocephalus Leach, 1815: First Report of the Genus for the Brazilian Istributio

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n Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Gorgonocephalus Leach, 1815: First report of the genus for the Brazilian istributio

D continental margin raphic g Carlos A. M. Barboza 1*, Fabricio M. Mendes 2, Andrea Dalben 3 and Luiz R. Tommasi 2 eo G n

1 Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Laboratório de Bentos - Av. Beira-mar s/n. CEP 83255-000. Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.

otes 2 Fundação de Estudos e Pesquisas Aquáticas – FUNDESPA Av. Afrânio Peixoto, 412, Butantã. CEP 05507-000. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. N 88040-970. Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * 3 Corr Universidadeesponding Federal author. de E Santamail: [email protected], Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Laboratório de Biogeografia e Macroecologia Marinha. CEP

Abstract: Gorgonocephalus chilensis

The Gorgonocephalidae includes 38 genera, five of themGorgonocephalus reported for genusBrazilian for w theaters. Brazilian continental margin andhas aextend wide distrib the northernution thr limitoughout of distribution Antartica andof G. Subantartican chilensis to the regions coast of and Santa its northern Catarina. limit Tolerance was restricted to a large t otemperature the coast of andUruguay. bathimetric This work range aims are to crucial report tothe understand first occurr theence distributions of the patterns of ophiuroids from the polar circle that also occur at southern South America.

- - tober 2004 and totalized 130 hours. One single specimen (PatersonThe Gor 1985;gonocephalidae Rosenberg familyet al. 2005).has a w Theorldwide family distri com- of G.Sampling chilensis was conducted by SCUBA diving during Oc bution and occurs from shallow waters to the deep ocean (Gorgonacea) octocoral at 21 °C and 20 m depth. This reported as belonging to the Brazilian continental mar- was collected associated with the Ellisidae gin:prises Astrotoma 38 valid agassizii genera inLyman, which 1875, only Astrocyclusfive of them caecilia were Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade de São Paulo, São Astrophyton muricatum Paulo,specimen Brazil was (MZUSP–18.185). stored at the echinoderm collection of the Astrochele lymani Verril, 1878 and Astrogomphus vallatus - (Lütken, 1856)Gorgonocephalus, genus includes(Lamark, ten species1816), - (Stöhr and O’Hara 2007) and its northern limit distribu- The disk diameter of the specimen is 28 mm and dor Lyman, 1869. - havesally coa coatingvered b ofy a granules thick skin (Figure (Figures 2C). 2A The and oral 2B). surface The radi are guay. Gorgonocephalus chilensis has been recorded from coveredals shield by ar smalle bar-lik granulese reaching that theare middlesmaller of them the diskthose and of tionAntartic in the Peninsula, South Atlantic Ross w Sea,as restricted Kerguelen to the Islands, coast of Heard Uru

Gorgonocephalus conspicuousthe radial shiel andds contain(Figure small2D). granulesThe jaws alongare armed each marwith- Island,genus forChile, the ArBraziliangentina, continental Uruguay and margin New andZealand. extended This gin.spine-like The slits mouth are localized papillae at(Figur the basee 2D). of Genitaleach arm slits on theare work the northern reports limitthe first occurrence occurrence of G. of chilensis the to the coast of

The Arvoredo Island is located in the southern coast Santa Catarina, Brazil (27°17’16” S, 48°20’56”2 of land W).in a marine protected area (Figure 1). The region hydrodynamic fea- of Brazil with an extension of 2.7 Km turese ar stronglyet al.influenced 1998; Carbonel by the Superficialand Valentin Tropical 1999; Water (STW) and by theet al.South Atlantic Continental Water m(SACW) depth) (Viana is the result of the convergence of the Tropical Rossi-Wongtschowski 2006). The STW (0 to 250/300-

Water (TW), the Litoral Water (LW) and of periodic up depthwelling (Viana phenomena et al. of the SACW, which has a temperature- range between 6 and 18 °C flowing between 300 to 500 m- 1998). The Intermediate Antartic Wa Figure 1. Northern coast of Santa Catarina and Arvoredo Island mterW) depth (IA in has the a study high degrarea.ee of dissolved oxygen, tempera tures between 2 and 6 °C and flows between 500 to 1,200

Check List | Volume 6 | Issue 2 | 2010 289 Barboza et al. | Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Gorgonocephalus Leach, 1815 ventral interadial area (Figure 2E). The arms are densely the morphology of the arm spines of G. caputmedusae and Gorgonocephalus articus is a possible result of a common granulated and the first branch, of the total of five, occurs - at the distal edge of the disk. Arms spines are modified- origin and so deserving the keeping G.of chilensisa same arefeeding also into microscopic pointed hooks (Figure 2F) forming rings strategy for the capture of macroscopic plankton like co around the arms. The first two tentacle pore have no ten feedingpepods. strategyProbably of the Gorgonocephalus hooked spines species.of tacle scales associated with it and the follow ones has two usedo Distribution t feed plankt patternson or ganisms of Antarctic suggesting echinoderms a common spe- to four scales that increases towards the distal segments. cies can be related to marine currents and the capability of

thatthe larv manyae dispersionechinoderms (Pawson species 1994; can travelClarke long and distancesJohnston 2003). Fell (1962) and Smirnov (1990; 1992) pointed out- ered that G. chilensis has smaller eggs sizes and a greater numberassociated of withgonads alg inae relation wisps. Mortto Gorgonocephalusensen (1936) consid eucne- mis evidence suggest that G. chilensis has an indirect develop- , which has a direct development (Patent 1970). This- tribution pattern of G. chilensis can be related to its larvae mentdispersion with acapability. pelagic stage. If this is the case, the wide dis

temperature range (Brey et al. Ophiuroids can tolerate a wide depth as well as a continental margins should be 1996), expected so the (Dahm occurr 1999).ence Dahmof Antar (1999)ctic species suggested at South that American the submerged and New ridge, Zealand the

Scotia Arc, between the Antarctic Peninsula and South America, is the most likely migration route for eurybathic speciesG. chilensis between the Antarctic region, South America and New Zeeland. Antarctic and sub-Antarctic echinoderms, like , probably have a wide distribution beyond Figure 2. Gorgonocephalus chilensis ofthe the polar distribution circle (P awsonof G. chilensis 1994). andThe supportpresent thereport idea has of important biogeography implications to the knowledge (F). Scales: (A),(B) = 20 mm; (C) = 5 mm;. Aboral (D) view= 3 mm; (A); (E) ador = al2 mm;view (F) (B); = South American echinoderm fauna. 0,05radial mm. shields (C); oral surface and jaws (D); genital slit (E); brachial spine ay closel relationship between Antarctic and the south of Gorgonocephalu chilensis differ from Astrotoma agassi- Acknowledgments: zii, Astrogomphus vallatus and Astrochele lymani due to the Dr. Roberto Ávila andWe Dra. thank Ana Dr Maria. Paulo Monteiro da Cunha Gouveia Lana, toMsc. important Maikon presence of branched arms. Gorgonocephalus chilensis also contributionsDi Domenico, toMsc. this V manuscript.erônica Maria de Oliveira, Msc. Walter Cerqueira, differ from Astrocyclus caecilia because the later has no spines or tubercles covering the radial shields. Astrophy- Literature Cited ton species extremely resembles Gorgonocephalus species, - but the former has a more developed radial shields and do Brey,T.,bathy? C. Dahm, Antarctic M. ScienceGorny, M. Klages, M. Stiller and W.E. Arntz. 1996. not have arms spine on the proximal vertebrae of the arms CarbonelDo Antar H.C.A.A.ctic benthic and J.L. in Valentin.vertebrates 1999. sho w Numerical an extended modeling level of of eury phy- 8: 3-6. (Lyman 1875). Ecological Modeling toplankton bloom in the .up 2003.welling Antarctic ecosystem marine of Cabo benthic Frio diversity. (Brazil). (spines, granules or tubercles) and in the distribution pat- Oceanography and Marine116 (2): Biology: 135-148. an Annual Review 41(2003): 47- The dorsal ornamentation of the disk can vary in shape Clarke,114. A. and N.M. Johnston Dahm, C. 1999. Ophiuroids (Echinodermata) of southern Chile and tern (Mortensen 1936; Monteiro and Tommasi, 1983 a, b).- Scientia Marina Mortensen (1936) observed that juvenile individuals may Fell, Antarctic: H.B Taxonomy, biomass, diet and growth of dominant species. though in adult individuals these spines can be almost to- Hemisphere. Nature 63 (Supl.1): 427-432. havetally absent.spines coThevering adult all specimen the dorsal of thissurf studyace of has the sparsely disk al Lyman, T.. 1962.1875. ZoologicalWest-wind-drift results dispersalof the Hassler of echinoderms Expedition II. in Ophiuridae Southern distributed tubercles covering only the radial shields. and Astrophytidae. Illustrated 193: 759-761. Catalogue of the Museum of Compara- tive Zoology (8). London: Cambridge University Press. 34 p. Monteiro and Tommasi (1983 a; b) concluded that the dif- Monteiro, A.M.G. and L.R. Tommasi. ��1983a.83a. Ophiuroidea das regi�õ��es An- ferences belonging to the ornamentation patterns of the tártica e Subantártica, 2. Variação em Gorgonocephalus chilensis (Phi- lippi) (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Gorgonocephalidae). Boletim do Instituto Oceanogáfico da Universidade de São Paulo The arm spines morphology of Gorgonocephalus caput- Monteiro, A.M.G. and L.R. Tommasi. 1983b. Ophiuroidea das regiões An- medusaedisk could differs not be from linked the to specimen a latitudinal here gradient. analyzed due to tártica e Subantártica, 1. Sobre três espécies de Gorgonocephalidae 32(1): 55-61. - e Ophiacanthidae. Boletim do Instituto Oceanogáfico da Universidade de São Paulo 32(1): 33-54. Mortensen, T Discovery Reports vol. etthe al. presence of one up to three intermediated hooks be XIII: 199-148. tween the base and the tip of the hooked spine. Rosenberg . 1936. Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. (2005) argued that the great resemblance between Check List | Volume 6 | Issue 2 | 2010 290 Barboza et al. | Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea, Gorgonocephalus Leach, 1815

Gorgonocepha- Smirnov, I.S. 1992. Types of distribution areas for brittlestars (Echinoder- lus caryi (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea). Marine Biology mata: Ophiuroidea) of the Southern Ocean. Fisicheskaya Okeanologi- Paterson,Patent, D.H. G.L.J 1970.. 1985. The ear Thely deep-seaembryology Ophiuroidea of the bask ofet star the North Atlantic ya e Problemy Biologychezkoy Produktivinoste Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum Natural History, 6: Zoology 262-267. 49: Stöhr, S. and T. O’Hara. 2007. World Ophiuroidea database. Electronic da- 98-145. : 165-188. , D.L. 1994. Antarctic echinoderms: History, distribution, ecology, index.php. Captured on 03 February 2010. In: D. Billet, A. Guille, J.P. Férral and M. Roux tabase accessible at http://www.marinespecies.org/Ophiuroidea/ Pawson(eds.). Echinoderm through time Rizzo. 1998. Hydrology, morphology and sedimentology of the Cam- 1968 – 1993; p. 99-110 Viana,pos A.R., continental J.C. Faugéres, margin, R.O . offshoreKowsmann, Brazil. J.A.M. Sedimentary Lima, L.F.G. Geology Caddah, 115: J.G. . . Rotterdam: Blakema.Gorgonocephalus 113-157. Rosenberg,caputmedusae R., S. Dupont (L.). Marine, T. Lunda, Biology H.N .148: Sköld, 43–50. A. Nor kko, J. Roth, T. Stach and M. Thorndyke 2005. Biology of the basket star F.H.V. Hazin and M. El-Robrini. Rossi-Wongtschowski,In: C.L.D.B. C.L.D.B., J.L. Valentin, A.C.Z S. . Jablonski,Amaral (eds.). A.C.Z. Programa Amaral, REVIZEE Avaliação do Potencial2006. Sustentável O Ambient dose RecursosMarinho; Vivosp. 21-78 na zona EconômicaRossi-Wongtschowski Exclusiva Relatório and Executivo Relatório Executivo. Brasília: Ministério do Meio Ambiente. : February 2010 Smirnov, I.S. 1990. Brittlestar fauna (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of : April 2010 Received : April 2010 brittlestars distribution. Okeanologicheskiye Issledovaniya Yuzhnogo Revised : May 2010 Okeanathe Southern Ocean and influence of the western wind current on Accepted : Luis Ernesto Arruda Bezerra Published online : 165-188. Editorial responsibility

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