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The Case of Çavdarhisar At ASSESSING THE VALUES AND MEANINGS ATTRIBUTED BY INHABITANTS IN MULTILAYERED RURAL HERITAGE PLACES: THE CASE OF ÇAVDARHİSAR A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY GÖNÜL AYÇA ORHON IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN ARCHITECTURE DECEMBER 2019 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Surname: Gönül Ayça Orhon Signature: iv ABSTRACT ASSESSING THE VALUES AND MEANINGS ATTRIBUTED BY INHABITANTS IN MULTILAYERED RURAL HERITAGE PLACES: THE CASE OF ÇAVDARHİSAR Orhon, Gönül Ayça Master of Science, Architecture Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz December 2019, 124 pages Many cities, villages and towns have been described as multi-layered settlements in Anatolia, which has been a settlement for ages. The study focuses on the settlements where rural and archaeological heritage sites overlap. Today, integrated approaches to the conservation of these places are still lacking, and the focus is generally on the values and problems of the ancient city. The heritage values of the recent past are reduced to physical characteristics and the continuity of the settlements is interrupted by interventions. In this context, Çavdarhisar District of Kütahya, which is one of the settlements where the rural and archaeological sites coexist, has been examined in three layers as “ancient”, “recent past” and “present”. In-depth interviews with the inhabitants of Çavdarhisar in order to understand the mutual relationship between the locals and place constitute the essential part of the context that is described “today”. During the interviews, the daily life of the people, building uses, production processes, local narratives and memoirs were examined to reveal the values and relationships that the local people attributed to the heritage site. The physical juxtapositions of the present and the past were assessed through the data collected from the interviews. In the rural settlement of Çavdarhisar, where juxtapositions sometimes turn into conflicts, the visibility of these findings in conservation practices was discussed and evaluated. v In this study, the conservation of multi-layered settlements with participatory and integrated approaches is discussed on the basis of the current layer and its users. Because the old village center of Çavdarhisar, which is almost empty today, is tearing off the rural heritage values due to the conflicts between the layers and stakeholders. Recognizing and conserving the recent past and present of the district as well as the archaeological layer is possible by identifying the heritage values and problems of its users directly associated with this layer. This research aims to contribute to the studies conducted on this purpose. Keywords: Heritage Values, Multilayered Rural Settlements, Local Perspective, Çavdarhisar, Aizanoi vi ÖZ ÇOK KATMANLI KIRSAL MİRAS ALANLARINDA YEREL HALKIN MİRAS DEĞERLERİNİN VE ANLAMLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: ÇAVDARHİSAR ÖRNEĞİ Orhon, Gönül Ayça Yüksek Lisans, Kültürel Mirası Koruma Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz Aralık 2019, 124 sayfa Çağlar boyu yerleşim yeri olan Anadolu coğrafyasında birçok şehir, köy ve kasaba bugün çok katmanlı yerleşimler olarak nitelendirilmektedirler. Çalışma bu alanlar arasında kırsal miras ve arkeolojik miras alanlarının çakıştığı yerleşim yerlerine odaklanmaktadır. Bu yerlerin korunmasında bugün hala bütünleşik yaklaşımlar geliştirilememekte, genellikle antik kentin koruma değerlerine ve sorunlarına odaklanılmaktadır. Yakın geçmişin değerleri fiziksel özelliklere indirgenmekte ve yerleşimlerin sürekliliği müdahalelerle kesintiye uğramaktadır. Bu bağlamda, kırsalın ve arkeolojik alanın hala bir arada var olabildiği yerleşimlerden olan Kütahya’nın Çavdarhisar İlçesi, antik dönem, yakın geçmiş ve bugün olmak üzere üç katmanda incelenmiştir. Toplumun yerle kurduğu karşılıklı ilişkinin anlaşılması için Çavdarhisar’da yaşayanlarla gerçekleştirilen derinlemesine görüşmeler bugün olarak nitelendirilen bağlamın en önemli parçasını oluşturmaktadır. Görüşmelerde halkın gündelik yaşamı, yapı kullanımları, üretim süreçleri, yerel anlatılar ve anılar çerçevesinde yerelin miras alanına atfettiği değerler ve ilişki biçimleri tespit edilmiştir. Tespitler üzerinden güncelin ve geçmişin fiziksel çakışma noktaları belirlenmiştir. Çakışmaların kimi zaman düğüme dönüştüğü Çavdarhisar kırsal yerleşiminde bu tespitlerin koruma uygulamalarındaki görünürlüğü tartışılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. vii Çalışmada çok katmanlı yerleşimlerin katılımcı ve bütünleşik yaklaşımlarla korunması konusu güncel katman ve kullanıcıları temelinde ele alınmıştır. Çünkü Çavdarhisar’da neredeyse boşalmış olan Eski Köy merkezinin yerelle bağı, katmanlar ve paydaşlar arasındaki değer çatışmaları sebebiyle neredeyse kopmak üzeredir. İlçenin yakın geçmişinin ve bugününün arkeolojik katman düzeyinde tanınması ve korunması bu katmanla doğrudan ilişkili olan kullanıcıların değer ve sorunlarının tespitiyle mümkün olabilmektedir. Araştırma bu tespitlere katkı koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Miras Değerleri, Çok Katmanlı Kırsal Yerleşimler, Yerel Perspektif, Çavdarhisar, Aizanoi viii To all disregarded communities ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Güliz Bilgin Altınöz for her guidance, support and intellectual inspiration throughout my research. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Neriman Şahin Güçhan and Dr. Nimet Özgönül as they navigate my engagement with the conservation of cultural heritage during all my education. I want to thank the jury members, Prof. Dr. Anlı Ataöv, Prof. Dr. Deniz Özkut, and Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mert Nezih Rifaioğlu for their comments and contributions to the research. I want to thank the German Archaeological Institute staff for their help in providing written and visual media, Prof. Dr. Klaus Right for his interest and support, and especially Çavdarhisar inhabitants, whom I cannot mention the names here but will never forget their hospitality and sincerity. I feel fortunate to have inspiring friends Dr. Onur Eylül Kara and Melike Kara, who are always helping and encouraging me to continue in every stage of this work. I owe thanks Ceren Özcan, Merve Öztürk, Esra Nur Usta, Ezgi Atçakan and Gökhan Okumuş for their excellent company with their experiences in conducting a thesis study, and special thanks to my lovely friends Burcu Eryılmaz, Dilan Çetinkaya, Nihal Evirgen, Nesrin Erdoğan, Berçem Kaya, İlke Ceylan, Cevdet Kabal and dear Mert Erkanlı for being with me every time. I was able to find the power to finish this work thanks to my beloved family Fatma Orhon and Gökten Orhon, who braced me up as they ever did. I couldn't have done it without them. x TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................. v ÖZ ........................................................................................................................... vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................... x TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................... xi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. xiii CHAPTERS 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Problem Statement ............................................................................................ 1 1.2. Aim and Scope of the Study .............................................................................. 2 1.3. Methodology ..................................................................................................... 4 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF A SURVEY ON RELATIONSHIPS: PLACE – HERITAGE- SOCIETY ............................................................................ 13 2.1. A Historical Account on the Way to Value Centered Conservation Understanding ........................................................................................................ 13 2.2. Concept of the Contemporary Value Centered Conservation: Revealing the Meanings and Attachments .................................................................................... 17 2.3. Integration of the Local Meanings and Values In International Charters and National Law .......................................................................................................... 20 3. JUXTAPOSITONS OF LAYERS - JUXTAPOSITONS OF VALUES : A MULTILAYERED HISTORICAL Rural SETTLEMENT ÇAVDARHİSAR ......... 29 3.1. Historical Context and Geography of the Settlement ...................................... 29 3.2. Analysis of Remaining Stratification of the Settlement .................................. 37 3.2.1. Aizanoi Ancient City – Ancient Layer ..................................................... 38 3.2.2. Historic Çavdarhisar Rural Settlement – Recent Past .............................. 40 3.2.3. Çavdarhisar Quarter and Aizanoi Archaeological Site – Current Context ...........................................................................................................................
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