DOCSLIB.ORG

Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 for Spectrum Analyzers FSE Universal Demodulation, Analysis and Documentation of Digital and Analog Mobile Radio Signals

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 for Spectrum Analyzers FSE Universal Demodulation, Analysis and Documentation of Digital and Analog Mobile Radio Signals Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 for Spectrum Analyzers FSE Universal demodulation, analysis and documentation of digital and analog mobile radio signals For all major mobile radio commu- For all common digital and analog Optimum representation of results: nication standards: modulation modes: • In-phase and quadrature signals • GSM/DCS1800/PCS1900 •BPSK • Magnitude, phase • NADC • QPSK, OQPSK • Eye and trellis diagrams • TETRA • π/4 DQPSK • Vector diagram •PDC • 8PSK, 8DPSK • Constellation diagram •PHS •(G)MSK • Table with modulation errors •DECT •(G)FSK • Demodulated bit stream • QCDMA (IS95) •4FSK •16QAM •AM/FM/ϕM Characteristics Q-CDMA PHP ISM WLAN GSM DCS 1800/1900 DAB NADC TFTS DECT SATELLITE RADAR MICROWAVE LINKS FSEA 20 Q FSEB 20 FSEM 20 90° FSEK 20 A DSP D FSEA 30 Memory IF filter 20 to Dig LO FSEB 30 25.6 MHz FSEM 30 I FSEK 30 20 Hz 9 kHz 1 GHz 2 GHz 3.5 GHz 7 GHz 26.5 40 GHz The vector signal analyzer option can be used Operating principle of Vector Signal with all analyzers of the FSE family to cover the Analyzer Option FSE-B7 frequency range up to 40 GHz for future-oriented applications Universal analysis of digital deviation or modulation depth, this Efficient in production mobile radio signals option also allows measurements of fre- quency transients or spurious FM on The high measurement speed of 25 The vector signal analyzer option synthesizers or transmitters. sweeps/s in the analyzer mode and upgrades the high-quality Spectrum typically 3 measurements/s using the Analyzers FSE, adding universal Since option FSE-B7 can analyze ana- vector signal analyzer function is ideal demodulation and analysis capability log and digital modulation signals, it is for applications in production. The high down to bit stream level for digital an ideal tool for use in development flexibility allows multistandard test sys- mobile radio signals. The option sup- and production of dual-mode mobile tems to be configured for easy adapta- ports all common mobile radio commu- telephones, for example. tion to varying production require- nication standards. ments. Versatile in the lab Measurement and analysis of Any mobile radio standard analog modulation signals You may want to develop future or com- at a single keypress pany standards, use unconventional You want to measure and analyze ana- formats or modify synchronization The high flexibility offered by the ana- log amplitude-, frequency- or phase- sequences. In all these cases, FSE with lyzers is by no means at the price of modulated signals? This can easily be option FSE-B7 will support you by pro- complicated operations: all major dig- done even up to 40 GHz with the vector viding user-selectable bit and symbol ital modulation standards can be acti- signal analyzer option in Microwave rates, filters, modulation modes and vated at a single keypress. The instru- Spectrum Analyzer FSEK. synchronization sequences. ment is then completely configured for measurements in line with the activated In addition to standard measurements such as determination of frequency 2 Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 Applications 1 2 1 Measurement of GSM power ramps to standard with high-precision time reference through synchronization to midamble 2 I/Q signal and phase error measurement over 50 symbols of a GSM mobile 3 Phase error, demodulated bits and numeric readout for modulation errors standard. The corresponding synchro- nization sequences are of course offered along with the standard. 3 Multiple test functions itally mixed into the baseband and split Applications integrated in one unit into a real and an imaginary compo- nent. The complete signal information Power ramp measurements in line Analyzers FSE in conjunction with is thus available for further analysis. with standards (1) option FSE-B7 replace several individ- The signal is demodulated down to bit To perform these measurements on ual instruments: level by several DSPs. From the data TDMA systems such as GSM in line with • High-grade spectrum analyzer stream thus obtained, an ideal signal is standards, a time reference must be • Vector demodulator calculated. This reference signal is established from synchronization • Constellation analyzer or compared with the test signal. The sequences to pre- or midamble. This is • Process controller resulting difference signal contains all done in the SYNC-SEARCH mode, in modulation errors. The sampling rate of which the analyzer triggers on preset or Principle of vector signal analysis the A/D converter is always set to an user-defined bit sequences. This not integer multiple of the symbol rate, only allows established standards to be The IF signal is digitized by means of a which speeds up analysis and contrib- measured with high precision, but also fast A/D converter, allowing purely utes to the high rate of 3 measure- modified settings in the case of new digital processing of all subsequent ments/s. developments. Further trigger modes analysis steps, thus making them prac- are: tically error-free and providing high •Video long-term and temperature stability. •External After A/D conversion, the signal is dig- • Burst search Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 3 Applications 4 5 4 Measurement of modulation errors of π/4 DQPSK signals (NADC) 5 Constellation diagram of TETRA signal with phase noise. Bottom: complete diagram, top: detail zoomed by factor of 5 6 Frequency response of GSM signal and automatic deviation measurement with modulation marker 6 Frequency deviation of GSM signal (6) The frequency deviation versus time Phase error measurements on GSM Modulation error measurements on characteristic – shown here as devia- mobiles or base stations (2 and 3) π/4 DQPSK signals (4) tion versus symbols – is rms-weighted The low inherent phase error of <0.5 ° The upper screen (A) shows the vector by means of the modulation marker. It (rms) of option FSE-B7 substantially diagram of an NADC signal, the lower is also possible to measure the rms devi- reduces uncertainty. Tolerances, eg an screen gives a summary of relevant ation for any part of the burst, eg for the rms phase error of 5 ° for GSM, can thus errors, measured over a burst signal. midamble. be allowed practically completely for the DUT, thus widening the DUT toler- Convenient analysis with constellation Measurements on frequency- ance margin. The SYMBOL TABLE/ diagram (5) modulated signals (7) ERROR SUMMARY lists the demodu- The constellation diagram enables con- In addition to the frequency deviation lated bits and the errors found. The bit venient analysis of the degradation of measurement on the demodulated sig- sequences and the errors can be read modulation accuracy caused, for nal (screen A) with markers, eg the via the fast IEC/IEEE bus of the ana- example, by nonlinearities, phase ±pk/2 marker, MODULATION lyzer. The deviation can be rapidly noise or amplitude-dependent phase SUMMARY (screen B) offers a complete determined from the frequency display response of amplifiers, converters, etc. overview of the signal parameters: by means of modulation markers. The lower screen (B) shows the com- • Frequency deviation, peak and rms plete constellation diagram, the upper • Carrier frequency offset from the set screen (A) a zoomed detail that allows receive frequency accurate examination of the error distri- • Carrier level bution. • AM component with FM or 4 Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 7 8 7 Modulation measurement on frequency-modulated signals with simultane- ous analysis of all relevant parameters 8 Measurement of synchronous frequency/phase modulation or AM/ϕM conversion with simultaneous representation of AM and FM component 9 Measurement of transmitter frequency transients with –30 dB FM squelch • SINAD value for a modulation fre- 9 quency of 1 kHz The low inherent synchronous modula- determined with the AM demodula- The following filters can be switched in tion component and the capability of tor for weighted measurements: combining FSE-B7 with microwave ana- • Split screen for simultaneous display • Highpass filters 30 Hz, 300 Hz lyzers (eg FSEK up to 40 GHz) allows of level transients (screen A) and fre- • Lowpass filters 3 kHz, 15 kHz the measurement of AM/ϕM conver- quency transients (screen B) • Weighting filters to CCITT and sion up to the highest frequencies. FSE • High resolution of eg 100 Hz/div. C-message filter simultaneously displays the AM compo- selectable for the frequency axis nent (screen A) and the resulting FM or • Settable squelch which in the exam- Measurement of AM/ϕM conversion or ϕM component (screen B). An AM sig- ple shown switches on the FM synchronous phase modulation (8) nal with very low synchronous FM/ϕM demodulator at –30 dBm, thus sup- The amplifiers and/or modulators can be generated by I/Q modulation of pressing the noise produced if there (components) of many transmission Tracking Generators FSE-B9/-B11. is no signal level systems are operated close to satura- • Settable video trigger, trigger delay tion to obtain better efficiency. The Measurement of transmitter frequency and pretrigger resulting AM/ϕM conversion causes transients (9) errors in particular with digital The measurement of frequency tran- phase-modulated systems and cross- sients is supported by various functions: talk with analog multicarrier systems. • DC-coupled demodulators enabling the power ramp to be accurately Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 5 Specifications Specifications are guaranteed subject to the following conditions: Display modes with FSK 5 minutes warmup at ambient temperature, specified environmental conditions Time domain
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Agilent ESA-E Series Spectrum Analyzer Performance Guide Using the 89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software
    Agilent ESA-E Series Spectrum Analyzer Performance Guide Using the 89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software Application Note Table of Contents 89601A vector signal analysis software Introduction . .2 The 89601A vector signal analysis Simplify the characterization of your Product Overview . .2 software provides flexible tools for signal with the zero-span spectrum ESA-E/89601A Features . .3 making RF and modulation quality analysis tools in the 89601A analysis Performance Summary . .4 measurements on digital communica- software. Match your measurement Time and Waveform . .5 tions signals. span to your signal bandwidth, thus Measurement, Display, and Control . .7 maximizing analysis signal–to-noise Software Interface . .9 Analyze a wide variety of standard ratio (SNR), with the wide selection Vector Modulation Analysis and non-standard signal formats with of spans available in the 89601A (Option 89601A-AYA) . .10 the 89601A software. Twenty-three software. FFT-based resolution 3G Modulation Analysis standard signal presets cover GSM, bandwidths down to less than 1 Hz (Option 89601A-B7N) . .14 GSM (EDGE), cdmaOne, cdma2000, provide all the resolution needed for Dynamic Links to EEsof ADS W-CDMA, and more. For emerging frequency domain investigations. A (Option 89601A-105) . .20 standards, the 89601A software power spectral density (PSD) func- Appendix A: series offers 24 digital demodulators tion is useful for estimating the level Required hardware and software . .22 with variable center frequency, of the noise floor when calculating Appendix B: symbol rate, filter type, and filter SNR. And, a spectrogram display is PC to ESA-E spectrum analyzer alpha/BT. A user-adjustable adaptive provided for monitoring the wide- interface configuration .
    [Show full text]
  • N9064A & W9064A VXA Signal Analyzer Measurement Application Measurement Guide
    Agilent X-Series Signal Analyzer This manual provides documentation for the following analyzers: PXA Signal Analyzer N9030A MXA Signal Analyzer N9020A EXA Signal Analyzer N9010A CXA Signal Analyzer N9000A N9064A & W9064A VXA Signal Analyzer Measurement Application Measurement Guide Agilent Technologies Notices © Agilent Technologies, Inc. Manual Part Number as defined in DFAR 252.227-7014 2008-2010 (June 1995), or as a “commercial N9064-90002 item” as defined in FAR 2.101(a) or No part of this manual may be as “Restricted computer software” reproduced in any form or by any Supersedes: July 2010 as defined in FAR 52.227-19 (June means (including electronic storage Print Date 1987) or any equivalent agency and retrieval or translation into a regulation or contract clause. Use, foreign language) without prior October 2010 duplication or disclosure of Software agreement and written consent from is subject to Agilent Technologies’ Agilent Technologies, Inc. as Printed in USA standard commercial license terms, governed by United States and Agilent Technologies Inc. and non-DOD Departments and international copyright laws. 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Agencies of the U.S. Government Trademark Santa Rosa, CA 95403 will receive no greater than Acknowledgements Warranty Restricted Rights as defined in FAR 52.227-19(c)(1-2) (June 1987). U.S. Microsoft® is a U.S. registered The material contained in this Government users will receive no trademark of Microsoft Corporation. document is provided “as is,” and is greater than Limited Rights as subject to being changed, without defined in FAR 52.227-14 (June Windows® and MS Windows® are notice, in future editions.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentals of Real-Time Spectrum Analysis
    Fundamentals of Real-Time Spectrum Analysis Primer Primer Contents Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview ..........................3 Timing and Triggers .........................................................30 The Evolution of RF Signals ..............................................3 Real-Time Triggering and Acquisition .........................31 Modern RF Measurement Challenges ..............................4 Triggering in Systems with Digital Acquisition .............32 A Brief Survey of Instrument Architectures .........................5 Trigger Modes and Features ......................................32 The Swept Spectrum Analyzer ....................................5 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzer Trigger Sources ..........33 Vector Signal Analyzers ...............................................7 Constructing a Frequency Mask ................................34 Real-Time Spectrum Analyzers ....................................7 Modulation Analysis ........................................................35 Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase Modulation ...........35 Chapter 2: How Does the Real-Time Spectrum Digital Modulation ......................................................36 Analyzer Work? ..............................................................9 Power Measurements and Statistics ..........................37 RF/IF Signal Conditioning .................................................9 Input Switching and Routing Section ........................10 Chapter 3: Correlation Between Time and RF and Microwave Sections .....................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Agilent PN 89400-13 Extending Vector Signal Analysis to 26.5 Ghz with 20 Mhz Information Bandwidth Product Note
    Agilent PN 89400-13 Extending Vector Signal Analysis to 26.5 GHz with 20 MHz Information Bandwidth Product Note The Agilent Technologies 89400 Figure 1. The Agilent 89410A series vector signal analyzers provide vector signal analyzer and unmatched signal analysis capabilities 71910A wideband surveil- from traditional spectrum analysis to lance receiver together form transient analysis, analog and digital a wideband vector signal demodulation, high-speed spectrum analyzer system. monitoring, phase noise analysis, and more. They are used in applications as wide ranging as surveillance, signal monitoring, digital communications, radar signal analysis, and underwater acoustics. For some applications, the vector The vector signal analyzer has two signal analyzer’s information band- System Description input channels, each with a band- width and frequency coverage has The wideband vector signal analyzer width of 10 MHz. Normally, this been a limitation. Instruments such system consists of two major compo- would represent the maximum band- as the Agilent 89441A are limited nents: an 89410A two-channel vector width of the signal to be analyzed. to frequencies below 2.65 GHz and signal analyzer and a 71910A wide- However, the 89410A is capable of information bandwidths of 7 MHz. band surveillance receiver with a treating the signals on each channel This precludes the analysis of many wideband IF and quadrature outputs. as two parts of the same signal. That spread spectrum, radar, and satellite The vector signal analyzer provides is, the signal going into channel one signals which typically occupy more the user interface and display, and represents the real part of a complex than 7 MHz bandwidth and may exist performs all of the signal processing.
    [Show full text]
  • Signal Analyzer MS2830A Brochure
    Product Brochure Signal Analyzer MS2830A MS2830A-040: 9 kHz to 3.6 GHz MS2830A-041: 9 kHz to 6 GHz MS2830A-043: 9 kHz to 13.5 GHz « MS2830A-044: 9 kHz to 26.5 GHz* » « MS2830A-045: 9 kHz to 43 GHz* » *: See catalog for MS2830A-044/045. Signal Analyzer MS2830A The MS2830A is a high-speed, high-performance, cost-effective Spectrum Analyzer/Signal Analyzer. Not only can it capture wideband signals but FFT technology supports multifunction signal analyses in both the time and frequency domains. Behavior in the time domain that cannot be handled by a sweep type spectrum analyzer can be checked in the frequency domain. A wide frequency can be analyzed using sweep type spectrum analysis functions while detailed signal analysis of a specific frequency band is supported too. Moreover, the built-in signal generator function outputs both continuous wave (CW) and modulated signals for use as a reference signal source when testing Tx characteristics of parts and as a signal source for evaluating Rx characteristics. Frequency option MS2830A-040 MS2830A-041 MS2830A-043 MS2830A-044*1 MS2830A-045*1 Frequency range 9 kHz to 3.6 GHz 9 kHz to 6 GHz 9 kHz to 13.5 GHz 9 kHz to 26.5 GHz 9 kHz to 43 GHz ±1 × 10–7/day (Standard) Aging rate ±1 × 10–8/day (MS2830A-002) ±1 × 10–8/day (Standard) ±1 × 10–10/month (MS2830A-001/037) ±1 × 10–10/month (MS2830A-001/037) 5 minutes, ±5 × 10–7 (Standard) 5 minutes, ±5 × 10–8 (MS2830A-002) 5 minutes, ±5 × 10–8 (Standard) Start time/Characteristics 7 minutes, ±1 × 10–9 (MS2830A-001) 7 minutes, ±1 × 10–9 (MS2830A-001) 15 minutes,
    [Show full text]
  • Vector Signal Analyzer R&S FSQ-K70
    Product brochure Version 02.00 July 2004 Vector Signal Analyzer ¸FSQ-K70 Universal demodulation, analysis and documentation of digital radio signals ◆ For all major mobile radio communica- ◆ For all common digital modulation ◆ Optimum representation of results: tion standards: modes: – In-phase and quadrature signals –GSM & EDGE – BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK versus time –WCDMA-QPSK – π/4 DQPSK – Magnitude and phase versus time – cdma2000-QPSK – 8PSK, D8PSK, 3π/8 8PSK –Eye diagram – Bluetooth® –(G)MSK – Vector diagram –TETRA –2, 4, (G)FSK – Constellation diagram –PDC – 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 (D)QAM – Table with modulation errors –PHS – 8VSB – Demodulated bit stream –DECT ◆ 25 MHz symbol rate expandable up to – Statistical evaluation of modula- –NADC 81.6 MHz tion parameters ◆ 28 MHz I/Q demodulation bandwidth – Spectral evaluation expandable up to 120 MHz – Amplifier distortion measurements Universal analysis of digital Fit for future standards Multiple test functions radio signals integrated in one unit The option ¸FSQ-B72 allows the The vector signal analyzer option standard demodulation bandwidth of The Signal Analyzers ¸FSQ in con- upgrades the high-quality Signal 28 MHz to be expanded to 60 MHz for junction with the option ¸FSQ-K70 Analyzers ¸FSQ, adding universal frequencies below 3.6 GHz and above replace several individual instruments: demodulation and analysis capability 120 MHz. down to bit stream level for digital radio ◆ High-grade spectrum analyzer signals. The option supports all common ◆ Vector demodulator mobile radio communications standards. Efficient in production ◆ Constellation analyzer The high measurement speed of Measurement and analysis of 60 sweeps/s in the analyzer mode and Principle of vector signal digital modulation signals typically 20 measurements/s using the analysis vector signal analyzer function is ideal for You want to measure and analyze digi- applications in production.
    [Show full text]
  • Vector Modulation Analysis Software MX280005A Vector Signal Analyzer Applications Application Note
    Application Note Vector Modulation Analysis Software MX280005A Vector Signal Analyzer Applications For use with Anritsu Spectrum Analyzers Supporting Option 128 Introduction The Vector Signal Analyzer (VSA) is a PC-based software program which performs measurements on digitally modulated signals. An Anritsu hardware receiver/analyzer is first used to convert the RF signal into its complex baseband components. These components are referred to as I/Q signals where ‘I’ is the in-phase (phase reference) and ‘Q’ is the quadrature signal (90° out of phase). The captured I/Q files are then transmitted to the PC for various measurements relating to signal quality. This application note provides a high level overview of the demodulation process as well as insights that can be made from the analysis process. Anritsu’s VSA can be used both for design validation as well as for the investigation of problems such as component degradation, RF channel impairments, and interference. I/Q Conversion Process Information is encoded into the RF signal by modulating the RF carrier. Once received, each signal is digitized into a bit pattern which in turn is decoded by the receiver. Figure 1 shows an example of a quadrature phase shift key (QPSK) signal. Since there are four possible states in a QPSK signal, each state (or symbol) requires two bits to determine its position in the I/Q plane. Higher orders of modulation such as 8PSK or 16PSK require more bits per symbol. More information is carried with these modulations at the expense of a higher susceptibility to bit error rates. The demodulation process begins after the transmitted RF signal is first down-converted to a lower, intermediate frequency (IF), filtered, and presented to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in the receiver.
    [Show full text]
  • Agilent Infiniium Oscilloscopes and 89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software
    Agilent Infiniium Oscilloscopes and 89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software Data Sheet Wideband (up to 13 GHz) vector Modulated radar and wideband precise, accurate measurement and signal analysis and demodulation communications signals require wide- analysis for signal bandwidths up to tools for applications including bandwidth signal analysis that goes 13-GHz. You can now take advantage of radar, satellite communications, beyond the capabilities of traditional Agilent’s unparalleled experience and UWB and MIMO. spectrum analyzer-based signal sustained leadership in signal analysis, acquisition. The team of Agilent’s combined with Agilent’s industry- Infiniium real-time oscilloscopes leading high-performance real-time and 89601A Vector Signal Analysis digitizing oscilloscopes. Software is the only solution to deliver • Flexible demodulation lets • Error vector magnitude • Markers facilitate frequency, you measure constellation diagrams, measurements (89601A amplitude, offset, power, phase, carrier offset, and frequency error Option AYA). other measurements. for QPSK signals, 256-QAM signals and much more. • Dual-channel measurements allow • Time gating allows you to select stimulus-response, specific portion of signals for signal • Display formats including delay, other transfer function analysis. spectrogram, phase vs time, and measurements similar to a network frequency vs time provide rapid analyzer. • Variable frequency resolution. insight into complex signal behavior. Volts vs time waveform I/Q trajectory plot Signal spectrum Error analysis Figure 1. Modulation analysis of a QPSK signal in four different views. Flexible vector modulation analysis The VSA makes measurements on and span. There is also an I+jQ mode signals in the time and frequency for analyzing two baseband quadrature The 89601A vector signal analyzer domains using either the BB channels.
    [Show full text]
  • Super-Heterodyne Signal Analyzers Description and Applications
    Super-Heterodyne Signal Analyzers Description and Applications ©National Instruments. All rights reserved. LabVIEW, National Instruments, NI, ni.com, the National Instruments corporate logo, and the Eagle logo are trademarks of National Instruments. See ni.com/trademarks for other NI trademarks. Other product and company names are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies. For patents covering National Instruments products, refer to the appropriate location: Help>>patents in your software, the patents.txt file on your CD, or ni.com/patents. Contents 1. Signal Analysis Background ................................................................................................................. 6 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Time and Frequency Domain Representations of Signals .............................................................. 6 Why View Signals in the Frequency Domain? ................................................................................... 9 Using the Oscilloscope for Frequency Domain Analysis ............................................................... 11 Spectrum Analysis versus Vector Signal Analysis .......................................................................... 12 Super-Heterodyne versus Direct Conversion Architectures .......................................................... 13 2. Super-Heterodyne Principle ..............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vector Signal Analyzer! VSA! ! Ralph J
    Vector Signal Analyzer! VSA! ! Ralph J. Pasquinelli! VSA! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! Fourier Transform! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! Discrete Fourier Transform DFT! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! Fast Fourier Transform FFT! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! Aliasing! All Frequencies above feff/2 will fold down into the FFT! And are referred to as aliasing. Input signal must always be! Sampled at least twice the highest frequency component! i.e. the Nyquist criteria. A low pass filter before the digitizer! Called an anti-aliasing filter will limit the frequency response.! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! No transients in record! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! Transient in record creates “leakage”! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! Windowing! Hanning Window! Good frequency! Resolution poorer! Amplitude resolution! Exponential Window! For transients! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! More Windows! A Rectangular! B Triangular! A! C Hanning! D Hamming! D! E Blackman! B! E! C! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! Swept tuned analyzer! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! VSA analyzer! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! Multiple Modes of Operation Scalar Mode! Identify signals in wide span or small signals close to the noise floor, similar to swept tuned spectrum analyzer: measure oscillator harmonic distortion! Vector Mode! Analyze signals with phase and time data, fast transforms between time and frequency domain: measure oscillator side bands or phase noise! Demodulation Mode! Characterize amplitude, frequency and phase relationships: characterize oscillator sideband noise as AM or PM! ! R. J. Pasquinelli! VSA! Features Real time frequency analysis! Fast measurements at narrow RB, up to 1000x faster than swept tuned spectrum analyzer! Spectrogram allows for frequency spectrum vs time! Water fall running plot of spectrums for transients! Time capture buffer for post analysis! ! ! R.
    [Show full text]
  • Agilent Vector Signal Analysis Basics
    Agilent Vector Signal Analysis Basics Application Note 150-15 Chapter 1 Vector Signal Analyzer This application note serves as a primer on the vector signal analyzer (VSA). This chapter discusses VSA measurement concepts and theory of operation; Chapter 2 discusses VSA vector-modulation analysis and, specifically, digital-modulation analysis. Analog, swept-tuned spectrum analyzers use superheterodyne technology to cover wide frequency ranges; from audio, through microwave, to millimeter frequencies. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analyzers use digital signal processing (DSP) to provide high-resolution spectrum and network analysis, but are limited to low frequencies due to the limits of analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and signal processing technologies. Today’s wide-bandwidth, vector-modulated (also called complex or digitally modulated), time-varying signals benefit greatly from the capabilities of FFT analysis and other DSP techniques. VSAs combine superheterodyne technology with high speed ADCs and other DSP technologies to offer fast, high-resolution spectrum measurements, demodulation, and advanced time-domain analysis. A VSA is especially useful for characterizing complex signals such as burst, transient, or modulated signals used in communications, video, broadcast, sonar, and ultrasound imaging applications. Figure 1-1 shows a simplified block diagram of a VSA analyzer. The VSA implements a very different measurement approach than traditional swept analyzers; the analog IF section is replaced by a digital IF section incorporating FFT technology and digital signal processing. The traditional swept-tuned spectrum analyzer is an analog system; the VSA is fundamentally a digital system that uses digital data and mathematical algorithms to perform data analysis. For example, most traditional hardware functions, such as mixing, filtering, and demodulation, are accomplished digitally, as are many measurement operations.
    [Show full text]
  • Spectrum Analysis Back to Basics
    1 This presentation is intended to be a beginning tutorial on signal analysis. Vector signal analysis includes but is not restricted to spectrum analysis. It is written for those who are unfamiliar with spectrum analyzers and vector signal analyzers, and would like a basic understanding of how they work, what you need to know to use them to their fullest potential, and how to make them more effective for particular applications. It is written for new engineers and technicians, therefore a basic understanding of electrical concepts is recommended. We will begin with an overview of spectrum analysis. In this section, we will define spectrum analysis as well as present a brief introduction to the types of tests that are made with a spectrum and signal analyzer. From there, we will learn about spectrum and signal analyzers in terms of the hardware inside, what the importance of each component is, and how it all works together. In order to make measurements on a signal analyzer and to interpret the results correctly, it is important to understand the characteristics of the analyzer. Spectrum and signal analyzer specifications will help you determine if a particular instrument will make the measurements you need to make, and how accurate the results will be. New digital modulation types have introduced the necessity of new types of tests made on the signals. In addition to traditional spectrum analyzer tests, new power tests and demodulation measurements have to be performed. We will introduce these types of tests and what type of instruments that are needed to make them.
    [Show full text]