Vector FSE-B7 for Spectrum Analyzers FSE Universal , analysis and documentation of digital and analog mobile radio signals

For all major mobile radio commu- For all common digital and analog Optimum representation of results: nication standards: modes: • In-phase and quadrature signals • GSM/DCS1800/PCS1900 •BPSK • Magnitude, phase • NADC • QPSK, OQPSK • Eye and trellis diagrams • TETRA • π/4 DQPSK • Vector diagram •PDC • 8PSK, 8DPSK • •PHS •(G)MSK • Table with modulation errors •DECT •(G)FSK • Demodulated bit stream • QCDMA (IS95) •4FSK •16QAM •AM/FM/ϕM Characteristics

Q-CDMA PHP ISM WLAN GSM DCS 1800/1900 DAB NADC TFTS DECT SATELLITE RADAR MICROWAVE LINKS FSEA 20 Q FSEB 20

FSEM 20 90° FSEK 20 A DSP D FSEA 30 Memory IF filter 20 to Dig LO FSEB 30 25.6 MHz FSEM 30 I

FSEK 30

20 Hz 9 kHz 1 GHz 2 GHz 3.5 GHz 7 GHz 26.5 40 GHz

The vector signal analyzer option can be used Operating principle of Vector Signal with all analyzers of the FSE family to cover the Analyzer Option FSE-B7 frequency range up to 40 GHz for future-oriented applications

Universal analysis of digital deviation or modulation depth, this Efficient in production mobile radio signals option also allows measurements of fre- quency transients or spurious FM on The high measurement speed of 25 The vector signal analyzer option synthesizers or transmitters. sweeps/s in the analyzer mode and upgrades the high-quality Spectrum typically 3 measurements/s using the Analyzers FSE, adding universal Since option FSE-B7 can analyze ana- vector signal analyzer function is ideal demodulation and analysis capability log and digital modulation signals, it is for applications in production. The high down to bit stream level for digital an ideal tool for use in development flexibility allows multistandard test sys- mobile radio signals. The option sup- and production of dual-mode mobile tems to be configured for easy adapta- ports all common mobile radio commu- telephones, for example. tion to varying production require- nication standards. ments. Versatile in the lab Measurement and analysis of Any mobile radio standard analog modulation signals You may want to develop future or com- at a single keypress pany standards, use unconventional You want to measure and analyze ana- formats or modify synchronization The high flexibility offered by the ana- log amplitude-, frequency- or phase- sequences. In all these cases, FSE with lyzers is by no means at the price of modulated signals? This can easily be option FSE-B7 will support you by pro- complicated operations: all major dig- done even up to 40 GHz with the vector viding user-selectable bit and symbol ital modulation standards can be acti- signal analyzer option in Microwave rates, filters, modulation modes and vated at a single keypress. The instru- FSEK. synchronization sequences. ment is then completely configured for measurements in line with the activated In addition to standard measurements such as determination of frequency

2 Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 Applications

1 2

1 Measurement of GSM power ramps to standard with high-precision time reference through synchronization to midamble

2 I/Q signal and phase error measurement over 50 symbols of a GSM mobile

3 Phase error, demodulated bits and numeric readout for modulation errors

standard. The corresponding synchro- nization sequences are of course offered along with the standard. 3

Multiple test functions itally mixed into the baseband and split Applications integrated in one unit into a real and an imaginary compo- nent. The complete signal information Power ramp measurements in line Analyzers FSE in conjunction with is thus available for further analysis. with standards (1) option FSE-B7 replace several individ- The signal is demodulated down to bit To perform these measurements on ual instruments: level by several DSPs. From the data TDMA systems such as GSM in line with • High-grade spectrum analyzer stream thus obtained, an ideal signal is standards, a time reference must be • Vector demodulator calculated. This reference signal is established from synchronization • Constellation analyzer or compared with the test signal. The sequences to pre- or midamble. This is • Process controller resulting difference signal contains all done in the SYNC-SEARCH mode, in modulation errors. The sampling rate of which the analyzer triggers on preset or Principle of vector signal analysis the A/D converter is always set to an user-defined bit sequences. This not integer multiple of the symbol rate, only allows established standards to be The IF signal is digitized by means of a which speeds up analysis and contrib- measured with high precision, but also fast A/D converter, allowing purely utes to the high rate of 3 measure- modified settings in the case of new digital processing of all subsequent ments/s. developments. Further trigger modes analysis steps, thus making them prac- are: tically error-free and providing high •Video long-term and temperature stability. •External After A/D conversion, the signal is dig- • Burst search

Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 3 Applications

4 5

4 Measurement of modulation errors of π/4 DQPSK signals (NADC)

5 Constellation diagram of TETRA signal with phase noise. Bottom: complete diagram, top: detail zoomed by factor of 5

6 Frequency response of GSM signal and automatic deviation measurement with modulation marker

6 Frequency deviation of GSM signal (6) The frequency deviation versus time Phase error measurements on GSM Modulation error measurements on characteristic – shown here as devia- mobiles or base stations (2 and 3) π/4 DQPSK signals (4) tion versus symbols – is rms-weighted The low inherent phase error of <0.5 ° The upper screen (A) shows the vector by means of the modulation marker. It (rms) of option FSE-B7 substantially diagram of an NADC signal, the lower is also possible to measure the rms devi- reduces uncertainty. Tolerances, eg an screen gives a summary of relevant ation for any part of the burst, eg for the rms phase error of 5 ° for GSM, can thus errors, measured over a burst signal. midamble. be allowed practically completely for the DUT, thus widening the DUT toler- Convenient analysis with constellation Measurements on frequency- ance margin. The SYMBOL TABLE/ diagram (5) modulated signals (7) ERROR SUMMARY lists the demodu- The constellation diagram enables con- In addition to the frequency deviation lated bits and the errors found. The bit venient analysis of the degradation of measurement on the demodulated sig- sequences and the errors can be read modulation accuracy caused, for nal (screen A) with markers, eg the via the fast IEC/IEEE bus of the ana- example, by nonlinearities, phase ±pk/2 marker, MODULATION lyzer. The deviation can be rapidly noise or amplitude-dependent phase SUMMARY (screen B) offers a complete determined from the frequency display response of amplifiers, converters, etc. overview of the signal parameters: by means of modulation markers. The lower screen (B) shows the com- • Frequency deviation, peak and rms plete constellation diagram, the upper • Carrier frequency offset from the set screen (A) a zoomed detail that allows receive frequency accurate examination of the error distri- • Carrier level bution. • AM component with FM or

4 Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 7 8

7 Modulation measurement on frequency-modulated signals with simultane- ous analysis of all relevant parameters

8 Measurement of synchronous frequency/phase modulation or AM/ϕM conversion with simultaneous representation of AM and FM component

9 Measurement of transmitter frequency transients with –30 dB FM squelch

• SINAD value for a modulation fre- 9 quency of 1 kHz The low inherent synchronous modula- determined with the AM demodula- The following filters can be switched in tion component and the capability of tor for weighted measurements: combining FSE-B7 with microwave ana- • Split screen for simultaneous display • Highpass filters 30 Hz, 300 Hz lyzers (eg FSEK up to 40 GHz) allows of level transients (screen A) and fre- • Lowpass filters 3 kHz, 15 kHz the measurement of AM/ϕM conver- quency transients (screen B) • Weighting filters to CCITT and sion up to the highest frequencies. FSE • High resolution of eg 100 Hz/div. C-message filter simultaneously displays the AM compo- selectable for the frequency axis nent (screen A) and the resulting FM or • Settable squelch which in the exam- Measurement of AM/ϕM conversion or ϕM component (screen B). An AM sig- ple shown switches on the FM synchronous phase modulation (8) nal with very low synchronous FM/ϕM demodulator at –30 dBm, thus sup- The amplifiers and/or modulators can be generated by I/Q modulation of pressing the noise produced if there (components) of many transmission Tracking Generators FSE-B9/-B11. is no signal level systems are operated close to satura- • Settable video trigger, trigger delay tion to obtain better efficiency. The Measurement of transmitter frequency and pretrigger resulting AM/ϕM conversion causes transients (9) errors in particular with digital The measurement of frequency tran- phase-modulated systems and cross- sients is supported by various functions: talk with analog multicarrier systems. • DC-coupled demodulators enabling the power ramp to be accurately

Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 5 Specifications

Specifications are guaranteed subject to the following conditions: Display modes with FSK 5 minutes warmup at ambient temperature, specified environmental conditions Time domain magnitude (level) met, calibration cycle adhered to and total calibration performed. Data frequency deviation without tolerances are typical values. Data designated "nominal" apply to de- eye diagram (frequency signal) sign parameters and have not been checked. Error display in time domain frequency deviation error magnitude error Numerical error readout deviation error* (* rms and peak value) magnitude error Measurement of digital modulation signals FSK frequency deviation frequency error Signal types continuous signals, FSK reference deviation TDMA signals Modulation modes BPSK, QPSK, Offset QPSK, DQPSK, Modulation measurement range π /4DQPSK, 8PSK, D8PSK, 16QAM, Symbol rate 320 Hz to 2 MHz MSK/GMSK, 2(G)FSK, 4(G)FSK Testpoints/symbol 1) Standards GSM/DCS1800/PCS1900, NADC, Symbol rate ≤200 kHz 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 TETRA, PDC, PHS, CDPD, DECT, 200 kHz 400 kHz 1, 2, 4 MODACOM, TFTS, QCDMA (IS95), Memory size APCO 25 FM Symbol rate ≤1 MHz max. 16000 points Symbol rate >1 MHz max. 3200 points Filters Number of demodulated symbols Filter types raised cosine, square root raised Symbol rate ≤1 MHz max. 1600 symbols (with cosine, Gaussian 4 points/symbol), α x Setting range /B T 0.2 to 3 in steps of 0.01 max. 800 symbols (with Filters to specific standards 8 points/symbol), x = 1.22 and 2.44 FLEX Bessel B T max. 400 symbols (with x = 1.25 ERMES Bessel B T 16 points/symbol) QCDMA forward and reverse channel (IS95) Symbol rate >1 MHz max. 600 symbols APCO 25 FM Synchronization Measurements (except FSK) I and Q signals (filtered, synchronized Symbol clock internal to frequency and symbol clock) Frequency/phase internal I and Q reference signals (calculated Trigger free run, external, video from demodulated bits) Trigger offset pre- or posttrigger I and Q error (magnitude and phase) Synchronization on bit sequences definable bit sequences, max. 32 sym- error vector bols, TDMA bursts bit stream/modulation error (symbols Synchronization offset selectable, positive or negative demodulated at ideal decision points and table of all modulation errors)

Measurements with FSK frequency-demodulated signal (fil- Level measurements tered, synchronized to symbol clock) FSK reference signal (calculated from Peak power range –60 to +30 dBm demodulated data) Dynamic range for burst measurement FSK error signal ≥ data/bit stream/modulation error (mean power, ref. level –10 dBm, (symbols demodulated at ideal deci- peak power = ref. level +1 dB, sion points and table of all modulation low-noise mode, points/ ≤ x error) symbol 4) 80 dBc – 4 log(symbol rate/kHz)

Display modes (except FSK) Absolute level error Polar diagram constellation diagram Mean power (0 to –10 dB below vector diagram reference level) f ≤1 GHz 1 dB Time domain in-phase and/or quadrature signal > magnitude (level) f 1 GHz see FSE data sheet (total measurement phase uncertainty) eye diagram Relative level error trellis diagram Mean power, level Error display in time domain error vector magnitude (EVM) in % 0 to –10 dB below reference level 0.2 dB magnitude error –10 to –50 dB below reference phase/frequency error level (0.0325/dB – 0.125) dB in-phase and quadrature signals Numerical error readout error vector magnitude* Time reference (nominal) < (* rms and peak value) magnitude error*, phase error* without clock synchronization 1/(2 x symbol rate x points/symbol) for MSK/GMSK modulation, frequency error < I/Q offset 1/(2 x symbol rate) for PSK/QAM/FSK modulation I/Q imbalance < amplitude droop with clock synchronization 0.001 x 1/(symbol rate) ρ factor

1) 4 points/symbol is the lowest value. With settings of 1 or 2 points/sym- bol, only 1 or 2 points of the 4 points/symbol are displayed.

6 Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 Residual error in modulation measurements NADC, TETRA, TFTS, PWT/WCPE, PDC, CDPD, DECT, ERMES, FLEX, > α = (level in range ref. level to ref. level –6 dB; S/N 60 dB, /B x T 0.3 to MODACOM 800 ms 0.7, number of demodulated symbols >100, averaging ≥10, analog band- width >10 x symbol rate) Input frequency models 20 ≥20 MHz models 30 >15 x symbol rate, Measurement of analog modulation signals local suppression calibrated (Data valid for firmware version 1.62 and higher)

General modulation modes (except FSK) 2) Demodulation bandwidth Symbol rate Realtime demodulation 5 to 200 kHz in steps of 1,2,3,5 <30 kHz 30 kHz to 300 kHz to Offline demodulation 5 kHz to 5 MHz in steps of 1,2,3,5 <300 kHz <2 MHz Demodulation length Error vector magnitude (EVM) 0.5% rms 1% rms 2% rms (max. sweep time) 3500/(demod. bandwidth/Hz) s Magnitude error 0.5% rms 1% rms 2% rms Readout Trace with AF signal, carrier power Phase error (modulation modes (AM DC-coupled), or modulation sum- with constant amplitude) 0.3 ° rms 0.5 ° rms 1.5 ° rms mary (table) with numerical display of: Frequency error ±(symbol rate x 5 x 10–6 + 0.1 Hz + – peak and rms values of modulation reference error x carrier frequency); depths or deviations of main for reference error, see data sheet demodulation Spectrum Analyzers FSE – SINAD value 1kHz (only with I/Q offset error 0.2% (–54 dB) realtime demodulation) – AF frequency Modulation standards – carrier power – peak values of secondary Standard Error vector Phase error RHO magnitude factor GSM – ≤0.5° rms, – The following specifications are valid for demodulation bandwidth ≤2 MHz, (DCS1800/PCS1900) typ. <1.5° peak IF bandwidth ≥5 x demodulation bandwidth, RF input level ≤−10 dBm, refer- ence level setting = peak input level + 0 to +6 dB. NADC, CDPD ≤0.5% rms, –– typ. <1.5% peak Amplitude demodulation TETRA, PDC ≤0.7% rms, ––Range up to 100% typ. <2% peak AF ≤ Offline demodulation 0.001 to 0.2 x demod. BW PHS 0.7% rms, ––Realtime demodulation 30 Hz to 0.2 x demod. BW, typ. <2% peak max. 20 kHz PWT ≤1% rms, ––Error ≤5% of result + residual AM typ. <3% peak Distortion (realtime demod.) ≥ RF freq. <26.5 GHz QCDMA, forward/ ––0.9995 SINAD 1kHz with m = 80%, reverse channel LP 3 kHz >46 dB 2) Residual AM General FSK modulation modes RF freq. <26.5 GHz, ≥ (input level –10 dBm, Symbol rate demod. BW ≤100 kHz, rms 0.2% low-noise mode) <300 kHz 300 kHz to 2 MHz √ 3) demod. BW >100 kHz, rms 0.2% x (Demod. BW/100 kHz) Deviation error 1.5% rms 2% rms Incidental AM with FM FSK deviation 1.5% of 2% of ∆f = 0.2 x demod. BW, ref. deviation ref. deviation fmod = 1 kHz, Magnitude error 1% rms 2% rms 10 kHz ≤demod. BW ≤200 kHz, Frequency offset 0.5% of 0.5% of lowpass 5% of demod. BW ref. deviation ref. deviation or 3 kHz, center frequency tuning ≤2% + residual AM + error of + error of ref. frequency ref. frequency Frequency demodulation Deviation range max. 0.4 x demod. BW Standards ≥ AF Input level –10 dBm, low-noise mode, all standards, except ERMES; Offline demodulation DC/0.001 to 0.2 x demod. BW FLEX: 4 points/symbol, ERMES and FLEX: 16 points/symbol ≤ < Realtime demodulation DC/30 Hz to 0.2 x demod. BW, DECT 2% rms, typ. 6% peak max. 20 kHz MODACOM, CT2 ≤1.5% rms, typ. <3% peak ≤ < ERMES, FLEX 2% rms, typ. 6% peak Error (AF up to 0.1 x demod. BW) ≤5% of result + residual FM Distortion 4) (realtime demodulation) Measurement times ≤ ≥ Readout of detected symbols and RF 1 GHz, demod. BW 10 kHz, SINAD 1 kHz with numerical modulation errors, ∆ synchronized: f = 0.2 x demod. BW, LP 3 kHz >50 dB 5) GSM, DCS1800, PCS1900 330 ms Residual FM demod. BW ≤200 kHz, lowpass 5% of demod. BW or 3 kHz, rms ≤10 Hz 2) Data are valid for FSEA30 or FSEA20 with option FSE-B4 for frequencies <1 GHz in the low-noise mode (ATTEN AUTO LOW NOISE), 4) Models FSEA20, FSEB20, FSEM20, FSEK20 without option FSE-B4: level ≥–10 dBm. SINAD specification with FM is valid for deviations ≥10 kHz, with ϕM at For frequencies ≥1 GHz the specified values must be multiplied by deviation=10 rad due to increased residual FM/ϕM. The stated values 100.552 x log f[GHz]/1[GHz]. are typical. Incidental FM/ϕM with AM is not specified due to increased The following applies to FSEB30/FSEM30 or FSEB20/FSEM20 with residual FM/ϕM. option FSE-B4: 5) Data are valid for FSEA30 or FSEA20 with option FSE-B4 for RF ≤1GHz. For frequencies <1 GHz the specified data must be multiplied by 1.4; FSEB30, FSEM30, FSEK30 or FSEB20, FSEM20, FSEK20 with option for frequencies ≥1 GHz the specified data must be multiplied by 1.4 and FSE-B4: Residual modulation is higher by a factor of 2. FSEA20 without additionally by 100.354 x log f[GHz]/1[GHz] ; option FSE-B4: Residual modulation is higher by a factor of 20 (approx.). data for FSEA20, FSEB20, FSEM20 without option FSE-B4 are typically FSEB20, FSEM20, FSEK20 without option FSE-B4: Residual modulation degraded by a factor of 3 as compared to FSEA30, FSEB30, FSEM 30 is higher by a factor of 40 (approx.). RF>1 GHz (all models): Residual or FSEA20, FSEB20, FSEM20 with option FSE-B4. modulation is additionally higher by a factor of √f/1 GHz; f=carrier fre- 3) –4 +2 x10 x fsymb x (points/symbol) [Hz]. quency.

Vector Signal Analyzer FSE-B7 7 ag up to 10 rad AF Range Phase demodulation <(0.4 x demod. BW)/(phase devia- Distortion Error (ref. level to ref. level toref.(ref. level level error Measurement Measurement of unmodulated carrier power Residual Residual Incidental FMwithAM 6) Incidental or 3 kHz or 3 lowpass 5% of demod. BW or 3 kHz or 3 lowpass 5% of demod. BW eliedmdlto 200 to0.1 Hz BW, xdemod. DC/0.001 to 0.1xdemod. BW demodulation Realtime demodulation Offline RF P30H,L H >50 dB HP 300Hz, LP 3kHz 0.2 xdemod. BW/1 kHz, = deviation/rad phase SINAD 1 kHz with demod. BW lowpass 5% of demod. BW, rms demodulation Offline Demod. BW demod. BW HP 300Hz, LP 3kHz, rms Realtime demodulation m =50%, f m =50%, f quency. residual modulation higher is bya factor of f/100 MHz; f=carrier fre- Contrary to note ≤ 1 GHz, demod. BW ϕ 4) ϕ M ...81 69 8014 P.O.B. M with AM AM M with (real time demod.) 5) mod mod ≤ ≤ ≤ 200 kHz, 200 kHz, 200 kHz, =1 kHz, =1 = 1 kHz,

5) − data are valid for RF for valid are data 0d)1.5 dB 30 dB) 4) 6) 4) ≥ 10 kHz, ⋅ 81614 München München 81614 ROHDE&SCHWARZ GmbH& Co.KG ROHDE&SCHWARZ ≤ ≤ ≤ apply values limit smaller tion/rad), max. 15kHz deviation/rad) <(0.4 xdemod. BW)/(phase ≤ ≤ 50 Hz +residual FM 0.05 rad +residual 5% ofresult + residual 0.03 rad 0.01 rad ≤ 0 H.FrR 10MHz 100 MHz. For RF >100 ⋅ Telephone +4989 4129-0 4129-0 +4989 Telephone ϕ M ϕ M S 9001 ISO etfe ult System Quality Certified Q E.N 1954-04 NO REG. DQS ⋅ Mühldorfstraße 15 Mühldorfstraße Offline demodulation Offline Realtime demodulation filters AF General data:General ro ih o5 BSND±1dB +error due todemodulator Range Display ofAF frequencies error with 6to 54dBSINAD Resolution 1 mHz to 1 Hz 1 to mHz 1 (S/N Error Resolution See data sheet Spectrum Analyzers FSE, Order No. PD 757.1519 Further options accessories and 1088.3494.30 1088.1491.20 Low Phase NoiseOCXO and Option 1079.8500.30 FSEK30 1066.3010.30 1080.1505.20 FSEK20 1066.3010.20 Vector SignalAnalyzer Option Spectrum Analyzer 20 Hz to 40 GHz FSEM30 1065.6000.30 SpectrumAnalyzerkHz to40GHz 9 FSEB30 FSEM20 1065.6000.20 FSEB20 Spectrum Analyzer 20 Hz to 26.5 GHz SpectrumAnalyzerkHz to26.5GHz 9 FSEA30 Spectrum Analyzer 20 Hz to 7 GHz FSEA20 SpectrumAnalyzerkHz to7GHz 9 Spectrum Analyzer 20 Hz to 3.5 GHz SpectrumAnalyzerkHz to3.5GHz 9 Order designations AF =1 kHz ± 4x 10 Realtime demodulation SINAD measurements ⋅ Fax +4989 4129-3567 4129-3567 +4989 Fax ops 5%, 10%, 25% ofdemod. BW, 30Hz, 300Hz (6 dB/oct.) (Butterworth, 15kHz kHz, message 3 C P.53, CCITT Lowpass filters Weighting Highpass Lowpass eliedmdlto 30Hz 0.3xdemod. to BW, 0.001 to0.3xdemod. BW demodulation Realtime Offline demodulation frmdl 0 S-41073.5396.02 FSE-B4 1066.4317.02 FSE-B7 (for models 20) for SpectrumAnalyzers FSE ≥ 40 dB) 1 x10 1 40 dB) see data sheet Spectrum Analyzers FSE Analyzers Spectrum seedata sheet ⋅ − 81671 München 81671 4 x demod. BW demod. x ⋅ Itre:http://www.rsd.de Internet: reference frequency+1 mHz ±1 digit ±1 mHz frequency+1 reference (12 dB/oct.) 12 dB/oct.) SINAD max. 20kHz − 6 x demod. BW + error BW xdemod. +error of

PD 757.2167.22 ⋅ Printed on chlorine-free paper⋅ Subject to change Printed in Germany 0198 (Bi dr)