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Life Cycle Inventory EPA/600/R-16/176 | August 2017 EPA/600/R-16/176 | August 2017 | www.epa.gov/research Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Data-Treatment Chemicals, Construction Materials, Transportation, On-site Equipment, and Other Processes for Use in Spreadsheets for Environmental Footprint Analysis (SEFA): Revised Addition EPA/600/R-16/176 | August 2017 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Data-Treatment Chemicals, Construction Materials, Transportation, On-site Equipment, and Other Processes for Use in Spreadsheets for Environmental Footprint Analysis (SEFA): Revised Addition Submitted Under Approved QA ID #S-20578-QP-1-0 Prepared by Paul Randall, David Meyer, Wesley Ingwersen, Donald Vineyard, Matthew Bergmann, Scott Unger, and Michael Gonzalez Sustainable Technology Division Cincinnati, OH 45268 Task Leader Paul Randall National Risk Management Research Laboratory Sustainable Technology Division Cincinnati, Ohio 45268 EPA/600/R-16/176 | August 2017 Notice The research has been subject to the Agency’s review and has been approved for publication as a US EPA document. Use of the methods or data presented here does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation. The appropriate citation for this report is: Randall, P., Meyer, D., Ingwersen, W., Vineyard, D., Bergmann, M., Unger, S., and Gonzalez, M., 2016. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Data- Treatment Chemicals, Construction Materials, Transportation, On-site Equipment, and Other Processes for Use in Spreadsheets for Environmental Footprint Analysis (SEFA): Revised Addition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. EPA/600/R-16/176a. ii EPA/600/R-16/176 | August 2017 Abstract This report estimates environmental emission factors (EmF) for key chemicals, construction and treatment materials, transportation/on-site equipment, and other processes used at remediation sites. The basis for chemical, construction, and treatment material EmFs is life cycle inventory data extracted from secondary data sources and compiled using the openLCA software package. The US EPA MOVES 2014 model was used to derive EmFs from combustion profiles for a number of transportation and on-site equipment processes. The EmFs were calculated for use in United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Spreadsheets for Environmental Footprint Analysis. EmFs are reported for cumulative energy demand, global warming potential (GWP), criteria pollutants (e.g. NOX, SOX, and PM10), hazardous air pollutants, and water use. iii EPA/600/R-16/176 | August 2017 Foreword Congress charges the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with protecting the Nation's land, air, and water resources. Under a mandate of national environmental laws, the Agency strives to formulate and implement actions leading to a compatible balance between human activities and the ability of natural systems to support and nurture life. To meet this mandate, EPA's research program is providing data and technical support for solving environmental problems today and building a science knowledge base necessary to manage our ecological resources wisely, understand how pollutants affect our health, and prevent or reduce environmental risks in the future. The National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is the Agency’s center for investigation of technological and management approaches for preventing and reducing risks from pollution that threaten human health and the environment. The focus of the Laboratory’s research program is on methods and their cost-effectiveness for prevention and control of pollution to air, land, water, and subsurface resources; protection of water quality in public water systems; remediation of contaminated sites, sediments, and ground water; prevention and control of indoor air pollution; and restoration of ecosystems. NRMRL collaborates with both public and private sector partners to foster technologies that reduce the cost of compliance and to anticipate emerging problems. NRMRL’s research provides solutions to environmental problems by: developing and promoting technologies that protect and improve the environment; advancing scientific and engineering information to support regulatory and policy decisions; and providing the technical support and information transfer to ensure implementation of environmental regulations and strategies at the national, state, and community levels. This publication has been produced as part of the Laboratory’s strategic long-term research plan. It is published and made available by U.S. EPA’s Office of Research and Development to assist the user community and to link researchers with their clients. Cynthia Sonich-Mullin, Director National Risk Management Research Laboratory iv EPA/600/R-16/176 | August 2017 Table of Contents Notice .............................................................................................................................................. ii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii Foreword ........................................................................................................................................ iv Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................. v List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. ix List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. x List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ............................................................................................. xi Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ xv 1.0 Study Overview and Objectives ............................................................................................. 2 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Study Objectives ................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Intended Audience ............................................................................................................. 5 2.0 Material LCI Modeling and Emission Factor Results ........................................................... 5 2.1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Corn Ethanol, (95% in H2O or 99.7% Dehydrated) ........................................................... 9 2.2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 9 2.2.2 LCI Modeling ............................................................................................................ 10 2.2.3 Emission Factors ....................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Petroleum Ethanol, 99.7% ............................................................................................... 12 2.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 12 2.3.2 LCI Modeling ............................................................................................................ 12 2.3.3 Emission Factors ....................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4) ................................................................................. 14 2.4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 14 2.4.2 LCI Modeling ............................................................................................................ 14 2.4.3 Emission Factors ....................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Lime, Hydrated and Packed ............................................................................................. 15 2.5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 15 2.5.2 LCI Modeling ............................................................................................................ 16 2.5.3 Emission Factors ....................................................................................................... 16 2.6 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), 50% in Water ..................................................................... 17 2.6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 17 2.6.2 LCI Modeling ........................................................................................................... 17 2.6.3 Emission Factors ....................................................................................................... 18 v EPA/600/R-16/176 | August 2017 2.7 Hydrogen peroxide, 50% in Water .................................................................................. 18 2.7.1Introduction ...............................................................................................................
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