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Development of Standardized Test Procedures for Evaluating Deicing Chemicals Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University

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Development of Standardized Test Procedures for Evaluating Deicing Chemicals Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University Development of Standardized Test Procedures for Evaluating Deicing Chemicals Western Transportation Institute, Montana State University Project 0092-08-32/CR07-02 March 2010 Pooled Fund #TPF-5(092) www.clearroads.org Standard Deicer Performance Tests Disclaimer & Acknowledgements NOTICE This research was funded by the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) and the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) under pooled fund #TPF-5(092), WisDOT Project #0092-08-32, and Clear Roads Project # 07-02. The information reported is the result of research done under the auspices of the Department and the Clear Roads pooled fund research program. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views of the Wisconsin Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration at the time of publication. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. This presentation/publication/report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade and manufacturers’ names appear in this presentation/publication/report only because they are considered essential to the object of this document. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We extend our sincere appreciation to the practitioners who took the time to respond to the survey we conducted for this project and, especially, Colleen Bos of CTC & Associates for ensuring broad participation of Clear Roads member states. The authors would also like to commend the cautious and dedicated laboratory work of Marijean Peterson, Matt Johnson, Pei Zhang, and Andy Creighton of the Western Transportation Institute. Finally, the participation of the members of the Clear Roads Technical Advisory Subcommittee during the conference calls is greatly appreciated. Western Transportation Institute Standard Deicer Performance Tests Technical Report Documentation 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No 3. Recipient’s Catalog No 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Development of Standardized Test Procedures for Evaluating Deicing September 2009 Chemicals 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Authors 8. Performing Organization Report No. Michelle Akin and Xianming Shi* 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Western Transportation Institute Montana State University 11. Contract or Grant No. PO Box 174250, Bozeman, MT 59717 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Final Report, 11/07-8/09 Research and Library Unit Wisconsin Department of Transportation 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 4802 Sheboygan Ave Room 104 Madison, WI 537070 15. Supplementary Notes * Principal Investigator (Email: [email protected]) 16. Abstract This project aims to develop and/or identify a series of standard laboratory testing procedures and ranges that can be used to evaluate the performance of deicing chemicals, additives and mixtures used on roadways and other transportation facilities. A literature review and survey were conducted to provide the scope and direction for laboratory tests. The results of the survey indicate relatively modest implementation of the deicer performance tests developed under the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) and ASTM freezing point test. As such, several test methods were experimented for the purpose of refining or developing a promising test protocol, including: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermogram test for liquid deicers, Modified SHRP Ice Melting Test for solid and liquid deicers, Modified SHRP Ice Penetration Test for solid and liquid deicers, and a modified ice undercutting test developed by Minnesota DOT for solid and liquid deicers. These tests shed light on the complexity and challenges in evaluating various deicers, especially the poor reliability inherent in conventional test methods. The DSC-based method was demonstrated to be very reproducible for each deicer at a given dilution rate and heating rate, and thus may serve as a “fingerprint” tool for quality assurance of deicers. The DSC data also showed strong correlation with the Modified SHRP Ice Melting Test data, which hold the promise of establishing the DSC-based method for evaluating the performance of liquid deicers (both in terms of characteristic temperature and ice melting capacity). The Modified SHRP Ice Melting Test incorporates a control substance and some checks to determine acceptability of the data. While not essential, a round robin test involving multiple laboratories is recommended to assess the between-laboratory variability of these improved or newly developed tests for deicing chemicals. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Winter maintenance, deicing chemicals, standard test protocol, laboratory evaluation, deicer, Differential No restriction. This document is available to the public Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), SHRP ice melting test through the National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield VA 22161 18. Security Classif.(of this report) 19. Security Classif. (of this page) 20. No. of Pages 21. Price Unclassified Unclassified Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized Western Transportation Institute Standard Deicer Performance Tests Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 2. Literature Review ....................................................................................................................2 2.1. Ice Melting Tests ............................................................................................................... 2 2.2. Ice Penetration Tests ......................................................................................................... 4 2.3. Ice Undercutting Tests ....................................................................................................... 5 2.4. Ice Disbondment and Shear Tests ..................................................................................... 6 2.5. Tests for Eutectic and Effective Temperatures ................................................................. 9 2.6. Other Performance-Based Tests ...................................................................................... 10 2.7. Use of Deicer Performance Tests .................................................................................... 10 2.8. Summary of Literature Review ....................................................................................... 11 3. Survey Analysis ......................................................................................................................14 3.1. Performance Aspects of Deicers ..................................................................................... 15 3.2. Implementation of Standard Deicer Performance-Based Tests ...................................... 17 3.3. Effects of Deicers ............................................................................................................ 20 3.4. Summary of Survey Analysis .......................................................................................... 21 4. Development of Standard Performance Tests .....................................................................22 4.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 22 4.2. Deicers ............................................................................................................................. 23 4.3. DSC Thermogram Test ................................................................................................... 23 Development ............................................................................................................... 23 Results ......................................................................................................................... 27 4.4. Modified SHRP Ice Melting Test .................................................................................... 32 Development ............................................................................................................... 32 Results ......................................................................................................................... 33 Relationship between DSC and Modified SHRP Ice Melting Test Data .................... 38 4.5. Modified SHRP Ice Penetration Test .............................................................................. 40 Development ............................................................................................................... 40 Results ......................................................................................................................... 40 4.6. Modified Ice Undercutting Test ...................................................................................... 46 Development ............................................................................................................... 46 Results ......................................................................................................................... 47 Western Transportation Institute Page ii
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