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Title 21—Food and Drugs

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Title 21—Food and Drugs (This book contains parts 170 to 199) Part CHAPTER I—Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services (Continued) ........................... 170 1 VerDate Mar<15>2010 07:41 May 13, 2011 Jkt 223067 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 8008 Sfmt 8008 Y:\SGML\223067.XXX 223067 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFR VerDate Mar<15>2010 07:41 May 13, 2011 Jkt 223067 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 8008 Sfmt 8008 Y:\SGML\223067.XXX 223067 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFR CHAPTER I—FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) (Parts 170 to 199) EDITORIAL NOTE: Nomenclature changes to chapter I appear at 59 FR 14366, Mar. 28, 1994, and 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004. SUBCHAPTER B—FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) Part Page 170 Food additives......................................................... 5 171 Food additive petitions ........................................... 24 172 Food additives permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption ................................ 30 173 Secondary direct food additives permitted in food for human consumption ....................................... 122 174 Indirect food additives: General .............................. 155 175 Indirect food additives: Adhesives and components of coatings ............................................................ 156 176 Indirect food additives: Paper and paperboard com- ponents ................................................................. 198 177 Indirect food additives: Polymers ........................... 237 178 Indirect food additives: Adjuvants, production aids, and sanitizers ............................................... 359 179 Irradiation in the production, processing and han- dling of food ......................................................... 453 180 Food additives permitted in food or in contact with food on an interim basis pending additional study .................................................................... 459 181 Prior-sanctioned food ingredients ........................... 464 182 Substances generally recognized as safe ................. 469 184 Direct food substances affirmed as generally recog- nized as safe ......................................................... 482 186 Indirect food substances affirmed as generally rec- ognized as safe ...................................................... 587 189 Substances prohibited from use in human food ...... 592 190 Dietary supplements............................................... 599 3 VerDate Mar<15>2010 07:41 May 13, 2011 Jkt 223067 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 8008 Sfmt 8008 Y:\SGML\223067.XXX 223067 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFR 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition) Part Page 191–199 [Reserved] 4 VerDate Mar<15>2010 07:41 May 13, 2011 Jkt 223067 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 8008 Sfmt 8008 Y:\SGML\223067.XXX 223067 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFR SUBCHAPTER B—FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) PART 170—FOOD ADDITIVES 170.106 Notification for a food contact sub- stance formulation (NFCSF). Subpart A—General Provisions AUTHORITY: 21 U.S.C. 321, 341, 342, 346a, 348, 371. Sec. 170.3 Definitions. SOURCE: 42 FR 14483, Mar. 15, 1977, unless 170.6 Opinion letters on food additive sta- otherwise noted. tus. EDITORIAL NOTE: Nomenclature changes to 170.10 Food additives in standardized foods. part 170 appear at 66 FR 56035, Nov. 6, 2001 170.15 Adoption of regulation on initiative and 69 FR 13717, Mar. 24, 2004. of Commissioner. 170.17 Exemption for investigational use and procedure for obtaining authoriza- Subpart A—General Provisions tion to market edible products from ex- perimental animals. § 170.3 Definitions. 170.18 Tolerances for related food additives. For the purposes of this subchapter, 170.19 Pesticide chemicals in processed the following definitions apply: foods. (a) Secretary means the Secretary of Health and Human Services. Subpart B—Food Additive Safety (b) Department means the Department 170.20 General principles for evaluating the of Health and Human Services. safety of food additives. (c) Commissioner means the Commis- 170.22 Safety factors to be considered. sioner of Food and Drugs. 170.30 Eligibility for classification as gen- (d) As used in this part, the term act erally recognized as safe (GRAS). means the Federal Food, Drug, and 170.35 Affirmation of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status. Cosmetic Act approved June 25, 1936, 52 170.38 Determination of food additive sta- Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended (21 U.S.C. tus. 301–392). 170.39 Threshold of regulation for sub- (e)(1) Food additives includes all sub- stances used in food-contact articles. stances not exempted by section 201(s) of the act, the intended use of which Subpart C—Specific Administrative Rulings results or may reasonably be expected and Decisions to result, directly or indirectly, either 170.45 Fluorine-containing compounds. in their becoming a component of food 170.50 Glycine (aminoacetic acid) in food for or otherwise affecting the characteris- human consumption. tics of food. A material used in the pro- 170.60 Nitrites and/or nitrates in curing pre- duction of containers and packages is mixes. subject to the definition if it may rea- sonably be expected to become a com- Subpart D—Premarket Notifications ponent, or to affect the characteristics, 170.100 Submission of a premarket notifica- directly or indirectly, of food packed in tion for a food contact substance (FCN) the container. ‘‘Affecting the charac- to the Food and Drug Administration teristics of food’’ does not include such (FDA). physical effects, as protecting contents 170.101 Information in a premarket notifica- tion for a food contact substance (FCN). of packages, preserving shape, and pre- 170.102 Confidentiality of information in a venting moisture loss. If there is no premarket notification for a food contact migration of a packaging component substance (FCN). from the package to the food, it does 170.103 Withdrawal without prejudice of a not become a component of the food premarket notification for a food contact and thus is not a food additive. A sub- substance (FCN). stance that does not become a compo- 170.104 Action on a premarket notification nent of food, but that is used, for exam- for a food contact substance (FCN). 170.105 The Food and Drug Administration’s ple, in preparing an ingredient of the (FDA’s) determination that a premarket food to give a different flavor, texture, notification for a food contact substance or other characteristic in the food, (FCN) is no longer effective. may be a food additive. 5 VerDate Mar<15>2010 07:41 May 13, 2011 Jkt 223067 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 8010 Sfmt 8010 Y:\SGML\223067.XXX 223067 wwoods2 on DSK1DXX6B1PROD with CFR § 170.3 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–11 Edition) (2) Uses of food additives not requiring (j) The term nonperishable processed a listing regulation. Use of a substance food means any processed food not sub- in a food contact article (e.g., food- ject to rapid decay or deterioration packaging or food-processing equip- that would render it unfit for consump- ment) whereby the substance migrates, tion. Examples are flour, sugar, cere- or may reasonably be expected to mi- als, packaged cookies, and crackers. grate, into food at such levels that the Not included are hermetically sealed use has been exempted from regulation foods or manufactured dairy products as a food additive under § 170.39, and and other processed foods requiring re- food contact substances used in accord- frigeration. ance with a notification submitted (k) General recognition of safety shall under section 409(h) of the act that is be determined in accordance with effective. § 170.30. (3) A food contact substance is any sub- (l) Prior sanction means an explicit stance that is intended for use as a approval granted with respect to use of component of materials used in manu- a substance in food prior to September facturing, packing, packaging, trans- 6, 1958, by the Food and Drug Adminis- porting, or holding food if such use is tration or the United States Depart- not intended to have any technical ef- ment of Agriculture pursuant to the fect in such food. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, (f) Common use in food means a sub- the Poultry Products Inspection Act, stantial history of consumption of a or the Meat Inspection Act. substance for food use by a significant (m) Food includes human food, sub- number of consumers. stances migrating to food from food- (g) The word substance in the defini- contact articles, pet food, and animal tion of the term ‘‘food additive’’ in- feed. cludes a food or food component con- (n) The following general food cat- sisting of one or more ingredients. egories are established to group spe- (h) Scientific procedures include those cific related foods together for the pur- human, animal, analytical, and other pose of establishing tolerances or limi- scientific studies, whether published or tations for the use of direct human unpublished, appropriate to establish food ingredients. Individual food prod- the safety of a substance. ucts will be included within these cat- (i) Safe or safety means that there is egories according to the detailed clas- a reasonable certainty in the minds of sifications lists contained in Exhibit competent scientists that the sub- 33B of the report of the National Acad- stance is not harmful under the in- emy of Sciences/National Research tended conditions of use. It is impos- Council report, ‘‘A Comprehensive Sur- sible in the present state of scientific vey of Industry on the Use of Food knowledge
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