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Ernst May 1886–1970

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Ernst May 1886–1970 ERNST MAY 1886–1970 ERNST MAY 1886–1970 Herausgegeben von | Edited by Claudia Quiring, Wolfgang Voigt, Peter Cachola Schmal, Eckhard Herrel Mit Beiträgen von | With contributions by Helen Barr, DW Dreysse, Thomas Flierl, Jerzy Ilkosz, Kai K. Gutschow, David H. Haney, Eckhard Herrel, Ulrike May, Christoph Mohr, Wolfgang Pehnt, Claudia Quiring, Peter Cachola Schmal, Florian Seidel, Michael Stöneberg, Beate Störtkuhl, Philipp Sturm, Wolfgang Voigt PRESTEL München | Munich · London · New York Inhalt Contents Grußwort | Words of Greeting 7 May-Siedlungen – heute und morgen Vorwort | Foreword 9 May’s Siedlungen – today and tomorrow 111 DW Dreysse „Stete Reifung“ – Studienjahre, Villenbauten in Frankfurt und Kriegsgräber an der Front Die fünf Wohnhäuser von Ernst May “Constant Maturing” – Student years, house-building Ernst May’s fi ve houses 119 in Frankfurt and war memorials on the front 15 Eckhard Herrel Eckhard Herrel Vom ‚Karpfenteich‘ zur ‚Kaviargewöhnungskur‘ – Ernst May und die Schlesische Heimstätte Einblicke in das Leben von Mays Mitarbeitern Ernst May and the Schlesische Heimstätte 33 in Schlesien, Frankfurt und der Sowjetunion Beate Störtkuhl From ‘Carp Pond’ to ‘Getting Accustomed to Caviar’ – Insights into the lives of May’s employees in Das Neue Frankfurt – Wohnungsbau und Silesia, Frankfurt and the Soviet Union 131 Großstadt 1925–1930 Claudia Quiring The New Frankfurt – Housing construction and the city 1925–1930 51 „Vielleicht die größte Aufgabe, die je Christoph Mohr einem Architekten gestellt wurde“ – Ernst May in der Sowjetunion (1930–1933) Vögel und Fische versus Kartoffeln und Kohl: “Possibly the greatest task an architect ever faced” – Max Bromme, Leberecht Migge und die Ernst May in the Soviet Union (1930–1933) 157 Grünfl ächenplanung im Neuen Frankfurt Thomas Flierl Birds and fi shes versus potatoes and cabbages: Max Bromme and Leberecht Migge’s attitudes towards Das „Neue Afrika“ green space planning in the New Frankfurt 69 The “New Africa” 197 David H. Haney Kai K. Gutschow Durch Mattscheibe und Sucher – „… aus einer Situation das Bestmögliche zu machen“ – Die Fotografi nnen und Fotografen des Neuen Frankfurt Ernst Mays Architektur und Städtebau nach 1954 Through focusing screen and viewfi nder – “Making the best of a situation” – Ernst May’s The photographers of the New Frankfurt 79 architecture and town planning after 1954 215 Michael Stöneberg Florian Seidel „Neben dem Inhalt ist auch die Form von Bedeutung“ – Stratege für die Neue Stadt: Vom Gestalten einer Stadt: Das Neue Frankfurt Ernst May auf drei Kontinenten “Apart from the content, the form matters too” – Strategist for the New City: On designing a city: the New Frankfurt 91 Ernst May on three continents 229 Helen Barr, Ulrike May Wolfgang Voigt Der Neue Mensch und der Alte Adam – Werkverzeichnis | Catalogue Raisonné 243 Zum Menschenbild des Neuen Bauens Biografi e | Biography 315 The New Man and the Old Adam – Bibliografi e | Bibliography 319 On the image of man and the New Building 99 Autoren | Authors 326 Wolfgang Pehnt Abkürzungen | Abbreviations 329 Bildnachweis | Photo Credits 330 Grußwort Words of Greeting Mit dem Namen Ernst May verbinden wir heute den Einzug der Today, we associate the name of Ernst May with the introduc- Moderne in den Städtebau. In Frankfurt am Main prägte May tion of modernism in urban development. As the Director of von 1925 bis 1930 als Stadtbaurat die Entwicklung der Main- the Municipal Planning Department in Frankfurt am Main Metropole hin zum „Neuen Frankfurt“ wie kein anderer vor from 1925 to 1930, May left his mark on the development of the und nach ihm. Die ihm übertragene Machtfülle im Magistrat Main metropolitan area and contributed more to the creation der Stadt ließ die Siedlungen Praunheim und Römerstadt ent- of a “New Frankfurt” than anyone else before or after him. lang des Niddatales im Grünen entstehen. Viele weitere Sied- The powers invested in him by the municipal authorities per- lungen folgten. Als Baudezernent wirkte er zugleich an bedeu- mitted the emergence of the Siedlungen Praunheim and tenden Projekten anderer großer Architekten der Moderne mit. Römerstadt in the green area along the Nidda Valley. Numerous Martin Elsaesser, der Architekt der Großmarkthalle, ist hier zu other Siedlungen followed. At the same time, as head of build- nennen. Ihm widmete das Deutsche Architekturmuseum 2009 ing construction, he contributed to other important projects eine wichtige Ausstellung, die der Kulturfonds Frankfurt Rhein- together with major modernist architects. Martin Elsaesser, Main im Rahmen von Phänomen Expressionismus unterstützte. the architect of the Großmarkthalle, should be mentioned Wir freuen uns, nun die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Architektur- here. In 2009, the Deutsches Architekturmuseum devoted a museum mit der Ausstellung zu Ernst May, die einen wichtigen major exhibition to him, which was supported by the Kultur- Forschungsbeitrag zu dessen architektonischem Gesamtwerk fonds Frankfurt RheinMain as a part of the “Phenomenon leistet, fortsetzen zu können. Expressionism” series. We are pleased to be able to continue Der strategische Städteplaner May behielt stets die soziale Ver- our cooperation with the Museum of Architecture in this antwortung der Architektur im Fokus seines Schaffens. In einer exhibition on Ernst May, which provides an important con- Zeit, die von Kriegen, Vertreibung, Infl ation und Woh nungs not tribution to the research of his complete works. geprägt war, baute er zwischen 1919 und 1970 auf drei Konti- As a strategic urban planner, May always maintained in his nenten über 100 000 Wohnungen. In Schlesien entwarf er zahl- creative work his focus on the social responsibilities of archi- reiche Siedlungen und Typenhäuser in ländlichen Strukturen, tecture. Between 1919 and 1970, in an era affected by war, nach seiner Zeit in Frankfurt zog es ihn in die Sowjetunion, wo displacement, infl ation and housing shortages, he construct- er für Arbeiter neue Städte plante, und nach Ostafrika, wo er ed over 100,000 dwellings on three continents. He designed unter anderem Wohnbauten für englische Kolonialherren er- numerous Siedlungen and standardised buildings within richtete. May war auf internationalem Parkett zu Hause und rural contexts in Silesia. Following his period in Frankfurt, he konnte in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen und politischen moved on to the USSR where he planned new cities for work- Systemen seine Ideen konsequent weiterverfolgen. ers. Next, he went to East Africa, where he built, amongst Nach dem Krieg kehrte er nach Deutschland zurück und plan- others, homes for English colonial rulers. May was at home te und baute nun Großsiedlungen, unter anderem im Rhein- on the international scene and was able to pursue his ideas Main-Gebiet. Siedlungen in Mainz, Wiesbaden und Darm- systematically within different social and political systems. stadt zeugen noch heute von den gewandelten Ideen des After the war May returned to Germany and then planned and Städtebaus. built major Siedlungen in the Rhein-Main area and elsewhere. Frankfurt am Main, von 1925 bis 1933 eines der europäischen Siedlungen in Mainz, Wiesbaden and Darmstadt bear witness Zentren der Moderne, zeigt nun am Museumsufer die große to the changed concepts of urban planning. Übersichtsschau Ernst May (1886–1970). Neue Städte auf drei Frankfurt am Main, one of the European centres of modern- Kontinenten. Wir wünschen der Ausstellung, die Brücken schlägt ism between 1925 and 1933, now presents the major over- zwischen Rhein-Main, Ural und Victoriasee, viel Erfolg. view exhibition Ernst May (1886–1970). New Cities on Three Wohnzimmer im Haus May mit Blick auf das Niddatal, 1927 Continents on the Museums ufer. We wish this exhibition, The living room in Ernst May’s which has built bridges between the Rhine-Main area, the house with views of the Nidda Herbert Beck, Kulturfonds Frankfurt RheinMain Ural Mountains and Lake Victoria, every success. valley, 1927 Herbert Beck, Kulturfonds Frankfurt RheinMain 7 Vorwort Foreword Ernst May (1886–1970) would have celebrated his 125th birth- Ernst May vor Siedlungsplänen der day on 27 July 2011. The Deutsches Architekturmuseum (DAM) Römerstadt, 1927 has taken this anniversary as the occasion for an exhibition Ernst May with plans for the Römerstadt Siedlung, 1927 of his complete works. Born in Frankfurt, Ernst May created his best-known works here, and his name remains present in the city to this day. The DAM itself can be seen as the manifesta- tion of an idea of Ernst May himself. In 1930, at his suggestion the Internationaler Verband für Wohnungswesen (Inter na- tio nal Housing Association) proposed the foundation of an “International Museum of Housing and Construction”, in- cluding an archive and a library, in Frankfurt. The city made it a pre-condition for municipal support that it should be realised as a “creation on a grand scale” – which coincided precisely with Ernst May’s intention.1 Unfortunately, the project was not realised at that time; however, the Deutsches Architekturmuseum does exist today and preserves essential parts of Ernst May’s estate. Ernst May (1886–1970) würde am 27. Juli dieses Jahres 125 Jahre As with the museum project, May consistently strove to alt. Das Deutsche Architekturmuseum (DAM) nimmt das Ju- achieve an impact on a grand scale, with far-reaching effects. biläum zum Anlass einer Ausstellung über sein Gesamtwerk. In his best-known project, the “New Frankfurt” from the 1920s, Ernst May war gebürtiger Frankfurter und schuf hier seine May, together with a team of young colleagues, realised a ring bekanntesten Werke; sein Name ist noch immer in der Stadt of new Siedlungen (housing settlements) around the city’s präsent. Das DAM selbst kann als Manifestation einer Idee von existing municipal area, which not only anchored the archi- Ernst May gesehen werden: 1930 schlug der Internationale Ver- tecture of the “New Building” in Frankfurt but also introduced band für Wohnungswesen auf seine Initiative hin vor, ein „Inter- an innovative and reformed urban planning concept charac- nationales Wohnungs- und Baumuseum“ inklusive Archiv und terised by light, space and green areas. Wherever May was Bibliothek in Frankfurt einzurichten.
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