Monorail, Satellite City District, Uniform System Mass Transport in the Cities
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International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2017, 6(2): 36-42 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijtte.20170602.03 Satellite Boroughs Connection Vladimír Strakoš1, Michal Novák2,3,* 1Supervisor of Doctoral Studies, College of Logistics, Commercial Benefit Corporation, Přerov, Czech Republic 2Combined Studies Doctoral Student of the Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Department of Logistics and Management of Transport, Czech Technical University in Prag, Czech Republic 3Dispatcher Passenger Traffic for the Region Bohemia, Czech Railways, Inc., General Directorate, O 11 – Department of Control Operation of Personal Transport, Czech Republic Abstract The aim of this article is to introduce to the non-professional and professional public the use of monorail as a vehicle for connection of the satellite city districts. The issue of the article is to show how can be different routes monorail boroughs connected with a uniform system of public transport between residents and work places. The combination of satellite boroughs via monorail provides its potential users quality and fast transport between the residences and work places. The system relieves congested roads; it also provides the availability of more urban parts of one or more cities and, ultimately contributes significantly to the environmentally friendly solution for public transport in cities. With the use of solar energy it will also ensure environmental friendliness over each individual point of the line´s length. The main contribution of the paper is to draw out a possible solution for public transport by using the existing modes of transport known today to resolve the temporal and convenient access to employment in urban areas without the inefficient solutions to individual automobile transport. Keywords Monorail, Satellite city district, Uniform system mass transport in the cities 1. Introduction with authorities and companies which provide employment From the historical development of the town developed, opportunity. especially in the second half of the last century so that it The journey to and from work often form a significant was the character and amenities of the city in the past and part, to some extent working hours and thus decreasing the on the outskirts of the settlements were built of time for fulfillment of activities related to human life in the prefabricated buildings with many residents in a relatively family and also a time for recreation and relaxation. small space. It is due to advances in engineering and the These effects on human life in society still increasing desire of young people to live as early as possible in their important factor and that is that it increases the speed of own homes. Therefore, manufacturing companies and the cars, increases the speed of public transport, but these historic core with a smaller population often left middle benefits is virtually impossible to use due to the necessity of marginal settlements. limiting the speed of movement of vehicles moving on There was, however a different time, a different trend, roads. which began to be built on the outskirts of cities such After considering all of these options comes to the fore production less demanding on heavy machinery or logistics the fact that the distance between the residence and place of warehouses for temporary storage of delivered goods before work is evaluated mainly by the time that citizen spends on shipping it to stores for residents. the way to and from work, and practically it does not matter With rising living standards are increasingly developing the distance. On the basis of this conclusion emerges the in people the desire for a private house with a beautiful question of how humans organize transportation to and garden and swimming pool and if possible away from the from work and still allow him to live in his house with its bustling city. But this is in contrast with the length of garden and swimming pool. transportation to work and therefore are increasingly Virtually the only option for cases where a person has growing number of cars used for commuting to work. Thus come every day to work, to ensure rapid transport. Of overloads road links around the villa area and the city center course, we can also consider the possibility of speeding traffic passenger cars, but it is not against protecting the * Corresponding author: [email protected] (Michal Novák) environment that we have all the best. The following is one Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/ijtte of several proposals for equipment transport links so that Copyright © 2017 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved the guy spent the shortest time getting to and from work. International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2017, 6(2): 36-42 37 2. Monorail The system itself keeping monorail is monorail either unidirectional or bidirectional or two tracks are run in Monorail is a single-track railway line where vehicles run parallel for each direction. Monorail is used mainly in big on only one rail. Usually the rail is mounted on an artificially cities, because it saves space on the streets and most can be elevated place and concrete columns. The term monorail is a built later when the streets are already completely full of combination of English words mono (single) and rail (rail other modes of transport. Monorail, unlike other railway transport) and used since 1897, when this idea came up vehicles driving on the tires and does not use a pantograph on German engineer Eugen Langen. His idea was to hang over the roof, but the jar on the chassis. the tram in the street and a project called Einschieniges From the perspective of residents have compared the Hängebahnsystem Eugen Langen. Based on this idea started monorail trains, buses and cars of some benefits. They are English engineers simply use the name of the monorail. ten or more meters above the city streets, not tied to the In today's colloquial word monorail used for any form of traffic lights, move between cars and avoid intersections and elevated railways both for transporting passengers in traffic jams. vehicles or factories for the transport of materials and While trains, cars, buses or cyclists can interfere with each supplies in the suspended state, so. suspended transport. other, so the monorail has space to move. The accident with Monorail for passenger transport is mainly used for rapid another mode of transport, for example, encounters an transport from the city center to the airport, which replaces obstacle is almost completely eliminated. Unlike the the bus or metro. underground railroad and kept in urban areas below the Vehicles monorail (Monorail) appear mostly as light rail surface, the passengers do not suffer from claustrophobia vehicles and drivers can be occupied or vacant and remote and the rest can enjoy a tour of the surface with views and controlled computer. The actual usage is multiple. sunlight. Passengers also have a better overview of their Transportation cab may be used either alone as a light rail planned transfers, from preparation to transfer to view while vehicle in the manner of a bus, or as separate units articulated, traveling on a trip with views of the monuments. It also is not or combine to form a train of multiple units. This advanced necessary to install air conditioning units and safety transportation system used as a rapid transit monorail system measures for moving underground, because just slightly is driven by a linear induction motor mounted in the chassis, open window. which also serves as a support element of skeletal fixation This measure also eliminates unnecessary weight increase element booths and the whole kit Monorail. kit monorail. The greatest advantages of monorail is powered on electricity with zero emissions along the track and minimum vibration damped tires on a straight rail. Figure 1. Classic monorail and underslung monorail Unlike some trams and light rail systems, modern monorails are designed and built to always separate from other kinds of transport systems and I are separated from pedestrians on the streets. Figure 3. Monorail completely frees up space in the streets and in the parks 2.1. History The first monorail was made in Russia in 1820 (Ivan Elman). Attempts have been made to create a monorail as an alternative to conventional rail. Probably the earliest was patented monorail (Henry Palmer) in the UK in 1821 and for the transportation of stone from the quarry. One of the first systems put into practical use was the proposal of the French engineer Charles Lartigue transport between Ballybunion and Listowel in Ireland in 1888th. High speed monorail using the Lartigue system was designed in 1901 and between Liverpool and Manchester. Figure 2. Chassis monorails (left) and the interior cabin space (right) In 1910, Alaska was proposed in Brennan gyroscopic 38 Vladimír Strakoš et al.: Satellite Boroughs Connection monorail and was considered for the transportation of the several cities and is used for mass and rapid transportation of coal mine. passengers. Mumbai Monorail is the first one. The first half of the 20th century brought many other proposed projects that either never left the drawing board, or implement short prototypes. One of the first monorails in the United States was built in New York at the beginning of the year. In 1930, but the high cost of the operation was halted relatively soon. In Japan Iron style was built by Lockheed Monorail (Odakyu Mukogaoka - Yuen Monorail, Kawasaki, 1966-2001). In the second half of the 20th century, is more extended another monorail. In 1950, a prototype system was designed for speeds of 200 mph on the straights and 90 mph in the arches and was built in Germany. In the same year it designed an innovative system called ALWEG and later the French system SAFEGE.