Islam and the History of Learning in Katsina the Editors
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CONTENTS Foreword i Acknowledgment iii The Muqaddima: Islam and the History of Learning in Katsina The Editors SECTION I The state of learning and the state of society: From The Jihad to 1 S.A.P. Yusufu Bala Usman Katsina and the outside world: Adventures in the historiography of 13 Birnin and Kasar Katsina John E. Lavers The place of Katsina in the intellectual history of bilad al-Sudan up 25 to 1800 Ahmed M. Kani A discourse on the intellectual legacies of some pre-Jihad Muslim 37 scholars of Katsina Misbahu Na'iya Katsina The Izalah Movement and Islamic intellectual discourse in Northern 43 Nigeria: A case study of Katsina Aminu Isyaku Yandaki Islamic fundamentalism: The Shias in Katsina 57 Mohammed Dahiru Sulaiman SECTION II Education and change in Katsina Kingdom 73 S.U. Lawal Some reflections on the development of Islamic learning in Katsina 81 State (1300-1800 AD) Usman Muhammad Bugaje The period c.16th to 18th century in the history of learning in 93 Katsina Tijjani Lawal Ingawa The state, learning, and Islam in Katsina. 100 Isa Alkali Abba and Philip J. Shea We teach girls that it is wrong to carry babies on their backs! or 113 How inappropriate policies damaged girls' education in colonial era. Jean Boyd SECTION III Falkeina I: A poem by Ibn Al-Sabbagh (Dan Marina) in praise of 127 the Amir-Al-Mumin Kariyagiwa Hamidu Bobboyi and John O. Hunwick A linguistic commentary on pre-jihadic Hausa Islamic verse found 137 in Katsina around 16th-17th century A.D. Isa Muhtar A poetic history of Katsina, 1808-1992 149 Ibrahim A. Malumfashi Katsina as the gateway of the earliest Muslim scholars and learning 158 in Nigeria: the case study of Mahd literature Rasheed A. Raji The place of Katsina in the development of imaginative literature in 169 Northern Nigeria Abba Aliyu Sani SECTION IV Islam and history of learning in Katsina State from the Jihad to the 179 colonial conquest: the case of the School Tsohuwar Kasuwa, Katsina City Abdulkarim Umar Dan-Asabe Islamic learning and intellectualism in Katsina outside the Birni: 187 The Yandoto experience S.A. Albasu Contemporary Islamic learning in Katsina: the contributions of 198 Riyadhul-Qur'an Islamiyyah school Abubakar Yalwa Muhammed The Katsina College: Inception, growth, and impact in Northern 208 Nigeria Sabo Amin Indabawa Problems of administering Nomadic Education in Katsina State 224 Mansur Usman Malumfashi Education, Society and Progress in Katsina State: Past, Present and 244 the Future. Magaji A. Dansarai CONTENTS Foreword v Preface vi Acknowledgment vii The Muqaddima: Islam and the History of Learning in Katsina ix Isma’ila Abubakar Tsiga and Abdalla Uba Adamu SECTION I The state of learning and the state of society: From The Jihad to 1 S.A.P. Yusufu Bala Usman Katsina and the outside world: Adventures in the historiography of 13 Birnin and Kasar Katsina John E. Lavers The place of Katsina in the intellectual history of bilad al-Sudan up 25 to 1800 Ahmed M. Kani A discourse on the intellectual legacies of some pre-Jihad Muslim 37 scholars of Katsina Misbahu Na'iya Katsina The Izalah Movement and Islamic intellectual discourse in Northern 43 Nigeria: A case study of Katsina Aminu Isyaku Yandaki Islamic fundamentalism: The Shias in Katsina 57 Mohammed Dahiru Sulaiman SECTION II Education and change in Katsina Kingdom 73 S.U. Lawal Some reflections on the development of Islamic learning in Katsina 81 State (1300-1800 AD) Usman Muhammad Bugaje The period c.16th to 18th century in the history of learning in 93 Katsina Tijjani Lawal Ingawa The state, learning, and Islam in Katsina. 100 Isa Alkali Abba and Philip J. Shea We teach girls that it is wrong to carry babies on their backs! or 113 How inappropriate policies damaged girls' education in colonial era. Jean Boyd SECTION III Falkeina I: A poem by Ibn Al-Sabbagh (Dan Marina) in praise of 127 the Amir-Al-Mumin Kariyagiwa Hamidu Bobboyi and John O. Hunwick A linguistic commentary on pre-jihadic Hausa Islamic verse found 137 in Katsina around 16th-17th century A.D. Isa Muhtar A poetic history of Katsina, 1808-1992 149 Ibrahim A. Malumfashi Katsina as the gateway of the earliest Muslim scholars and learning 158 in Nigeria: the case study of Mahd literature Rasheed A. Raji The place of Katsina in the development of imaginative literature in 169 Northern Nigeria Abba Aliyu Sani SECTION IV Islam and history of learning in Katsina State from the Jihad to the 179 colonial conquest: the case of the School Tsohuwar Kasuwa, Katsina City Abdulkarim Umar Dan-Asabe Islamic learning and intellectualism in Katsina outside the Birni: 187 The Yandoto experience S.A. Albasu Contemporary Islamic learning in Katsina: the contributions of 198 Riyadhul-Qur'an Islamiyyah school Abubakar Yalwa Muhammed The Katsina College: Inception, growth, and impact in Northern 208 Nigeria Sabo Amin Indabawa Problems of administering Nomadic Education in Katsina State 224 Mansur Usman Malumfashi Education, Society and Progress in Katsina State: Past, Present and 244 the Future. Magaji A. Dansarai Foreword Whenever the term education is referred to in any discussion, it is often regarded as the modern western type of education. True enough acquisition of this form of education is often necessary to a successful integration of any community into the modern structure of world affairs. But this should not be at the expense of the cultural values of the recipient communities. The problems afflicting our current educational systems can best be understood and consequently tackled from historical perspectives. The high rate of failure to gain admission into institutions of higher learning across the country by indigenes of Katsina State can best be understood from a cultural perspective of our past, our present and the sum total of our conception of the role of knowledge in personal and social development. Historical understanding is vital to an appreciation of future trends in the development of any society. It is in this regard that I welcome the publication of the proceedings of the International Seminar on Islam and the History of Learning in Katsina State organised in May 1992 by the Katsina State History and Culture Bureau. This book is therefore a vital milestone in the activities of the Katsina State History and Culture Bureau, and a significant contribution towards our understanding of the evolutionary trends of knowledge in general in Katsina State. It is my sincere hope that it will stimulate debate, and draw Government attention to the recommendations of the scholars who have focused their attention on the history of learning in this State for the last five hundred years, with the hope of making the next five hundred years far more eventful. Alhaji Kabir Garba Katsina State Commissioner for Education Katsina Katsina State, Nigeria February 1995. Acknowledgments This seminar would not have been possible without the co-operation and originality of a lot of people. I would like to seize this opportunity to thank many of them. In the first instance, I would like to thank the Government of Katsina State, Nigeria for making me the Director of the Katsina State History and Culture Bureau during the period of which I helped to organize this seminar. In particular, I wish to thank Alhaji Abdullahi Garba Aminchi, a one-time civilian Deputy Governor of Katsina State, who took close interest in our preparations. I would also like to thank my employers, Bayero University Kano, for providing me with the opportunity to take up the appointment, and at the same time enabling me to retain my links with the University through my postgraduate classes despite the rigours of my new office. Similarly, I wish to seize this opportunity to express our appreciation to Alhaji Sa'idu Barda, who, as the then civilian Governor of Katsina State, approved a grant to the History and Culture Bureau to rehabilitate parts of the broken buildings of the old Katsina Training College. The Bureau intends to restore these buildings fully and use them as its permanent headquarters in recognition of their cultural and historical significance. I should also thank all those other persons and organisations who contributed to the success of this seminar. They include the Director, Katsina State Islamic Education Bureau, Alhaji Suleiman Isa Mai'adua, who helped us greatly during all stages of the preparations. I should also thank Alhaji Bello Musa Dankano who, as Commissioner in the erstwhile Ministry of Information, Culture and Home Affairs, first encouraged us to plan the seminar. In the same vein, I am grateful to Alhaji Zubairu Mohammed, formerly Commissioner for Education, for his support. I wish to commend the assistance given to us by the Director, National Council for Arts and Culture, Dr. Sule Bello, and to acknowledge his contribution to our effort to publish the proceedings of the seminar. I must also express my gratitude to the entire staff of the Katsina State History and Culture Bureau, and the Islamic Education Bureau for their enthusiastic role in organizing this seminar. I would also like to acknowledge the efforts of our resource persons who undertook to conduct research and write papers, some at very short notice. Finally, I would like to thank the Katsina State Ministry of Education who undertook the task of publishing this particular volume. Dr. Isma'ila Abubakar Tsiga Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria February 1995. The Muqaddima: Islam and the History of Learning in Katsina The Editors Turning the pages of history has always been fraught with intellectual uncertainties. The parched crinkly pages are liable to crumble if turned too quickly. At the same time, they get more parched if left untouched for a considerable period of time.